---
source: crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/fixtures.rs
input_file: crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/valid/statement/function.py
snapshot_kind: text
---
## AST

```
Module(
    ModModule {
        range: 0..2399,
        body: [
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 0..29,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("no_parameters"),
                        range: 4..17,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 17..19,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 25..29,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 32..76,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("positional_parameters"),
                        range: 36..57,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 57..66,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 58..59,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 58..59,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 58..59,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 61..62,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 61..62,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 61..62,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 64..65,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 64..65,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 64..65,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 72..76,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 79..149,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("positional_parameters_with_default_values"),
                        range: 83..124,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 124..139,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 125..126,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 125..126,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 125..126,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 128..132,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 128..129,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 128..129,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 130..132,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 134..138,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 134..135,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 134..135,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 136..138,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 145..149,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 152..226,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("positional_parameters_with_default_values2"),
                        range: 156..198,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 198..216,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 199..200,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 199..200,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 199..200,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 202..206,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 202..203,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 202..203,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 204..206,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 211..215,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 211..212,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 211..212,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 213..215,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 222..226,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 229..296,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("positional_only_and_positional_parameters"),
                        range: 233..274,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 274..286,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 275..276,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 275..276,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 275..276,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 281..282,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 281..282,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 281..282,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 284..285,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 284..285,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 284..285,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 292..296,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 299..393,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("pos_args_with_defaults_and_varargs_and_kwargs"),
                        range: 303..348,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 348..383,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 349..350,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 349..350,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 349..350,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 352..356,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 352..353,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 352..353,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 354..356,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 361..365,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 361..362,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 361..362,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 363..365,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 367..372,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("args"),
                                    range: 368..372,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 374..382,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("kwargs"),
                                    range: 376..382,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 389..393,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 396..445,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("keyword_only_parameters"),
                        range: 400..423,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 423..435,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 427..428,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 427..428,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 427..428,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 430..431,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 430..431,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 430..431,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 433..434,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 433..434,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 433..434,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 441..445,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 448..517,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("keyword_only_parameters_with_defaults"),
                        range: 452..489,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 489..507,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 493..494,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 493..494,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 493..494,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 496..500,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 496..497,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 496..497,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 498..500,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 502..506,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 502..503,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 502..503,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 504..506,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 513..517,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 520..594,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("kw_only_args_with_defaults_and_varargs"),
                        range: 524..562,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 562..584,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 563..568,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("args"),
                                    range: 564..568,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 570..571,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 570..571,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 570..571,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 573..577,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 573..574,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 573..574,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 575..577,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 579..583,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 579..580,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 579..580,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 581..583,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 590..594,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 597..676,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("kw_only_args_with_defaults_and_kwargs"),
                        range: 601..638,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 638..666,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 642..643,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 642..643,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 642..643,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 645..649,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 645..646,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 645..646,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 647..649,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 651..655,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 651..652,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 651..652,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 653..655,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 657..665,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("kwargs"),
                                    range: 659..665,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 672..676,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 679..774,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("kw_only_args_with_defaults_and_varargs_and_kwargs"),
                        range: 683..732,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 732..764,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 733..738,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("args"),
                                    range: 734..738,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 740..741,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 740..741,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 740..741,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 743..747,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 743..744,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 743..744,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 745..747,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 749..753,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 749..750,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 749..750,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 751..753,
                                            value: Int(
                                                30,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 755..763,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("kwargs"),
                                    range: 757..763,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 770..774,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 777..835,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("pos_and_kw_only_args"),
                        range: 781..801,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 801..825,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 802..803,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 802..803,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 802..803,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 805..806,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 805..806,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 805..806,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 811..812,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 811..812,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 811..812,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 817..818,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 817..818,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("d"),
                                        range: 817..818,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 820..821,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 820..821,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("e"),
                                        range: 820..821,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 823..824,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 823..824,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("f"),
                                        range: 823..824,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 831..835,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 838..916,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("pos_and_kw_only_args_with_defaults"),
                        range: 842..876,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 876..906,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 877..878,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 877..878,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 877..878,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 880..881,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 880..881,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 880..881,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 886..887,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 886..887,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 886..887,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 892..893,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 892..893,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("d"),
                                        range: 892..893,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 895..899,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 895..896,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("e"),
                                        range: 895..896,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 897..899,
                                            value: Int(
                                                20,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 901..905,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 901..902,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("f"),
                                        range: 901..902,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 903..905,
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                    body: [
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                    returns: None,
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                                    annotation: None,
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                                name: Identifier {
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                                    range: 1227..1233,
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                                annotation: None,
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                    returns: None,
                    body: [
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                        range: 1285..1306,
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                                            ExprName {
                                                range: 1758..1759,
                                                id: Name("T"),
                                                ctx: Load,
                                            },
                                        ),
                                    ),
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: Some(
                        Name(
                            ExprName {
                                range: 1764..1765,
                                id: Name("T"),
                                ctx: Load,
                            },
                        ),
                    ),
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 1771..1775,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 1778..1824,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("func"),
                        range: 1782..1786,
                    },
                    type_params: Some(
                        TypeParams {
                            range: 1786..1803,
                            type_params: [
                                TypeVar(
                                    TypeParamTypeVar {
                                        range: 1787..1802,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("T"),
                                            range: 1787..1788,
                                        },
                                        bound: Some(
                                            Tuple(
                                                ExprTuple {
                                                    range: 1790..1802,
                                                    elts: [
                                                        Name(
                                                            ExprName {
                                                                range: 1791..1794,
                                                                id: Name("str"),
                                                                ctx: Load,
                                                            },
                                                        ),
                                                        Name(
                                                            ExprName {
                                                                range: 1796..1801,
                                                                id: Name("bytes"),
                                                                ctx: Load,
                                                            },
                                                        ),
                                                    ],
                                                    ctx: Load,
                                                    parenthesized: true,
                                                },
                                            ),
                                        ),
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                            ],
                        },
                    ),
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 1803..1809,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 1804..1808,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 1804..1808,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 1804..1805,
                                    },
                                    annotation: Some(
                                        Name(
                                            ExprName {
                                                range: 1807..1808,
                                                id: Name("T"),
                                                ctx: Load,
                                            },
                                        ),
                                    ),
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: Some(
                        Name(
                            ExprName {
                                range: 1813..1814,
                                id: Name("T"),
                                ctx: Load,
                            },
                        ),
                    ),
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 1820..1824,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 1827..1873,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("func"),
                        range: 1831..1835,
                    },
                    type_params: Some(
                        TypeParams {
                            range: 1835..1840,
                            type_params: [
                                TypeVarTuple(
                                    TypeParamTypeVarTuple {
                                        range: 1836..1839,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("Ts"),
                                            range: 1837..1839,
                                        },
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                            ],
                        },
                    ),
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 1840..1849,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 1841..1848,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("a"),
                                    range: 1842..1843,
                                },
                                annotation: Some(
                                    Starred(
                                        ExprStarred {
                                            range: 1845..1848,
                                            value: Name(
                                                ExprName {
                                                    range: 1846..1848,
                                                    id: Name("Ts"),
                                                    ctx: Load,
                                                },
                                            ),
                                            ctx: Load,
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: Some(
                        Subscript(
                            ExprSubscript {
                                range: 1853..1863,
                                value: Name(
                                    ExprName {
                                        range: 1853..1858,
                                        id: Name("Tuple"),
                                        ctx: Load,
                                    },
                                ),
                                slice: Tuple(
                                    ExprTuple {
                                        range: 1859..1862,
                                        elts: [
                                            Starred(
                                                ExprStarred {
                                                    range: 1859..1862,
                                                    value: Name(
                                                        ExprName {
                                                            range: 1860..1862,
                                                            id: Name("Ts"),
                                                            ctx: Load,
                                                        },
                                                    ),
                                                    ctx: Load,
                                                },
                                            ),
                                        ],
                                        ctx: Load,
                                        parenthesized: false,
                                    },
                                ),
                                ctx: Load,
                            },
                        ),
                    ),
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 1869..1873,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 1876..1934,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("func"),
                        range: 1880..1884,
                    },
                    type_params: Some(
                        TypeParams {
                            range: 1884..1889,
                            type_params: [
                                ParamSpec(
                                    TypeParamParamSpec {
                                        range: 1885..1888,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("P"),
                                            range: 1887..1888,
                                        },
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                            ],
                        },
                    ),
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 1889..1924,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 1890..1903,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("args"),
                                    range: 1891..1895,
                                },
                                annotation: Some(
                                    Attribute(
                                        ExprAttribute {
                                            range: 1897..1903,
                                            value: Name(
                                                ExprName {
                                                    range: 1897..1898,
                                                    id: Name("P"),
                                                    ctx: Load,
                                                },
                                            ),
                                            attr: Identifier {
                                                id: Name("args"),
                                                range: 1899..1903,
                                            },
                                            ctx: Load,
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 1905..1923,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("kwargs"),
                                    range: 1907..1913,
                                },
                                annotation: Some(
                                    Attribute(
                                        ExprAttribute {
                                            range: 1915..1923,
                                            value: Name(
                                                ExprName {
                                                    range: 1915..1916,
                                                    id: Name("P"),
                                                    ctx: Load,
                                                },
                                            ),
                                            attr: Identifier {
                                                id: Name("kwargs"),
                                                range: 1917..1923,
                                            },
                                            ctx: Load,
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 1930..1934,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 1937..1978,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("func"),
                        range: 1941..1945,
                    },
                    type_params: Some(
                        TypeParams {
                            range: 1945..1966,
                            type_params: [
                                TypeVar(
                                    TypeParamTypeVar {
                                        range: 1946..1947,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("T"),
                                            range: 1946..1947,
                                        },
                                        bound: None,
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                                TypeVar(
                                    TypeParamTypeVar {
                                        range: 1949..1955,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("U"),
                                            range: 1949..1950,
                                        },
                                        bound: Some(
                                            Name(
                                                ExprName {
                                                    range: 1952..1955,
                                                    id: Name("str"),
                                                    ctx: Load,
                                                },
                                            ),
                                        ),
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                                TypeVarTuple(
                                    TypeParamTypeVarTuple {
                                        range: 1957..1960,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("Ts"),
                                            range: 1958..1960,
                                        },
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                                ParamSpec(
                                    TypeParamParamSpec {
                                        range: 1962..1965,
                                        name: Identifier {
                                            id: Name("P"),
                                            range: 1964..1965,
                                        },
                                        default: None,
                                    },
                                ),
                            ],
                        },
                    ),
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 1966..1968,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 1974..1978,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 1981..2000,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("ellipsis"),
                        range: 1985..1993,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 1993..1995,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Expr(
                            StmtExpr {
                                range: 1997..2000,
                                value: EllipsisLiteral(
                                    ExprEllipsisLiteral {
                                        range: 1997..2000,
                                    },
                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2003..2064,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("multiple_statements"),
                        range: 2007..2026,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2026..2028,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: Some(
                        Name(
                            ExprName {
                                range: 2032..2035,
                                id: Name("int"),
                                ctx: Load,
                            },
                        ),
                    ),
                    body: [
                        Expr(
                            StmtExpr {
                                range: 2041..2047,
                                value: Call(
                                    ExprCall {
                                        range: 2041..2047,
                                        func: Name(
                                            ExprName {
                                                range: 2041..2045,
                                                id: Name("call"),
                                                ctx: Load,
                                            },
                                        ),
                                        arguments: Arguments {
                                            range: 2045..2047,
                                            args: [],
                                            keywords: [],
                                        },
                                    },
                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2052..2056,
                            },
                        ),
                        Expr(
                            StmtExpr {
                                range: 2061..2064,
                                value: EllipsisLiteral(
                                    ExprEllipsisLiteral {
                                        range: 2061..2064,
                                    },
                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2067..2091,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2071..2074,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2074..2081,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 2075..2080,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("args"),
                                    range: 2076..2080,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2087..2091,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2094..2121,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2098..2101,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2101..2111,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 2102..2110,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("kwargs"),
                                    range: 2104..2110,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2117..2121,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2124..2158,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2128..2131,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2131..2148,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 2132..2137,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("args"),
                                    range: 2133..2137,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: Some(
                            Parameter {
                                range: 2139..2147,
                                name: Identifier {
                                    id: Name("kwargs"),
                                    range: 2141..2147,
                                },
                                annotation: None,
                            },
                        ),
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2154..2158,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2161..2184,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2165..2168,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2168..2174,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2169..2170,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2169..2170,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 2169..2170,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2180..2184,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2187..2213,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2191..2194,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2194..2203,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2195..2196,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2195..2196,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 2195..2196,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2201..2202,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2201..2202,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 2201..2202,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2209..2213,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2216..2242,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2220..2223,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2223..2232,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2224..2227,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2224..2225,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 2224..2225,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 2226..2227,
                                            value: Int(
                                                1,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2238..2242,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2245..2277,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2249..2252,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2252..2267,
                        posonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2253..2254,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2253..2254,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 2253..2254,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2256..2257,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2256..2257,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 2256..2257,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        args: [],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2265..2266,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2265..2266,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 2265..2266,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2273..2277,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2280..2309,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2284..2287,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2287..2299,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2288..2292,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2288..2290,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("kw"),
                                        range: 2288..2290,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 2291..2292,
                                            value: Int(
                                                1,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2297..2298,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2297..2298,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 2297..2298,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2305..2309,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2312..2357,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2316..2319,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2319..2347,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2320..2326,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2320..2326,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("x"),
                                        range: 2320..2321,
                                    },
                                    annotation: Some(
                                        Name(
                                            ExprName {
                                                range: 2323..2326,
                                                id: Name("int"),
                                                ctx: Load,
                                            },
                                        ),
                                    ),
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2328..2336,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2328..2336,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("y"),
                                        range: 2328..2329,
                                    },
                                    annotation: Some(
                                        StringLiteral(
                                            ExprStringLiteral {
                                                range: 2331..2336,
                                                value: StringLiteralValue {
                                                    inner: Single(
                                                        StringLiteral {
                                                            range: 2331..2336,
                                                            value: "str",
                                                            flags: StringLiteralFlags {
                                                                quote_style: Double,
                                                                prefix: Empty,
                                                                triple_quoted: false,
                                                            },
                                                        },
                                                    ),
                                                },
                                            },
                                        ),
                                    ),
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2338..2346,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2338..2346,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("z"),
                                        range: 2338..2339,
                                    },
                                    annotation: Some(
                                        BinOp(
                                            ExprBinOp {
                                                range: 2341..2346,
                                                left: NumberLiteral(
                                                    ExprNumberLiteral {
                                                        range: 2341..2342,
                                                        value: Int(
                                                            1,
                                                        ),
                                                    },
                                                ),
                                                op: Add,
                                                right: NumberLiteral(
                                                    ExprNumberLiteral {
                                                        range: 2345..2346,
                                                        value: Int(
                                                            2,
                                                        ),
                                                    },
                                                ),
                                            },
                                        ),
                                    ),
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2353..2357,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
            FunctionDef(
                StmtFunctionDef {
                    range: 2360..2398,
                    is_async: false,
                    decorator_list: [],
                    name: Identifier {
                        id: Name("foo"),
                        range: 2364..2367,
                    },
                    type_params: None,
                    parameters: Parameters {
                        range: 2367..2388,
                        posonlyargs: [],
                        args: [
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2368..2372,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2368..2372,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("self"),
                                        range: 2368..2372,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: None,
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2374..2377,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2374..2375,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("a"),
                                        range: 2374..2375,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 2376..2377,
                                            value: Int(
                                                1,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2379..2382,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2379..2380,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("b"),
                                        range: 2379..2380,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 2381..2382,
                                            value: Int(
                                                2,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                            ParameterWithDefault {
                                range: 2384..2387,
                                parameter: Parameter {
                                    range: 2384..2385,
                                    name: Identifier {
                                        id: Name("c"),
                                        range: 2384..2385,
                                    },
                                    annotation: None,
                                },
                                default: Some(
                                    NumberLiteral(
                                        ExprNumberLiteral {
                                            range: 2386..2387,
                                            value: Int(
                                                3,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ),
                                ),
                            },
                        ],
                        vararg: None,
                        kwonlyargs: [],
                        kwarg: None,
                    },
                    returns: None,
                    body: [
                        Pass(
                            StmtPass {
                                range: 2394..2398,
                            },
                        ),
                    ],
                },
            ),
        ],
    },
)
```
