[red-knot] Implement more types in binary and unary expressions (#13803)

Implemented some points from
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/12701

- Handle Unknown and Any in Unary operation
- Handle Boolean in binary operations
- Handle instances in unary operation
- Consider division by False to be division by zero

---------

Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@astral.sh>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/binary/booleans.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+## Binary operations on booleans
+
+## Basic Arithmetic
+
+We try to be precise and all operations except for division will result in Literal type.
+
+```py
+a = True
+b = False
+
+reveal_type(a + a)  # revealed: Literal[2]
+reveal_type(a + b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b + a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b + b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a - a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(a - b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b - a)  # revealed: Literal[-1]
+reveal_type(b - b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a * a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(a * b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b * a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b * b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a % a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b % a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a // a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b // a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a**a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(a**b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b**a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b**b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+
+# Division
+reveal_type(a / a)  # revealed: float
+reveal_type(b / a)  # revealed: float
+b / b  # error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[False]` by zero"
+a / b  # error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[True]` by zero"
+
+# bitwise OR
+reveal_type(a | a)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+reveal_type(a | b)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+reveal_type(b | a)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+reveal_type(b | b)  # revealed: Literal[False]
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/binary/integers.md

@@ -11,6 +11,18 @@ reveal_type(-3 / 3)  # revealed: float
 reveal_type(5 % 3)  # revealed: Literal[2]
 ```
 
+## Power
+
+For power if the result fits in the int literal type it will be a Literal type. Otherwise the
+outcome is int.
+
+```py
+largest_u32 = 4_294_967_295
+reveal_type(2**2)  # revealed: Literal[4]
+reveal_type(1 ** (largest_u32 + 1))  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(2**largest_u32)  # revealed: int
+```
+
 ## Division by Zero
 
 This error is really outside the current Python type system, because e.g. `int.__truediv__` and
@@ -38,6 +50,14 @@ reveal_type(c)  # revealed: int
 # revealed: float
 reveal_type(int() / 0)
 
+# error: "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[1]` by zero"
+# revealed: float
+reveal_type(1 / False)
+# error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[True]` by zero"
+True / False
+# error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[True]` by zero"
+bool(1) / False
+
 # error: "Cannot divide object of type `float` by zero"
 # revealed: float
 reveal_type(1.0 / 0)