[red-knot] Fix panic for tuple[x[y]] string annotation (#17787)

## Summary

closes #17775

## Test Plan

Added corpus regression test

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/primer/bad.txt

@@ -1,35 +1,30 @@
 Expression  # cycle panic (signature_)
 Tanjun  # cycle panic (signature_)
-aiohttp  # missing expression ID
-alerta  # missing expression ID
 altair  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 antidote  # hangs / slow
 artigraph  # cycle panics (value_type_)
 colour  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 core  # cycle panics (value_type_)
-cpython  # missing expression ID, access to field whilst being initialized, too many cycle iterations
+cpython  # access to field whilst being initialized, too many cycle iterations
 discord.py  # some kind of hang, only when multi-threaded?
 freqtrade  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 hydpy  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 ibis  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 manticore  # stack overflow
 materialize  # stack overflow
-meson  # missing expression ID
 mypy  # cycle panic (signature_)
 pandas  # slow
 pandas-stubs  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 pandera  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
 prefect # slow
-pytest  # cycle panics (signature_), missing expression ID
+pytest  # cycle panics (signature_)
 pywin32  # bad use-def map (binding with definitely-visible unbound)
 schemathesis  # cycle panics (signature_)
 scikit-learn  # success, but mypy-primer hangs processing the output
-scipy  # missing expression ID
+scipy  # missing expression type ("expression should belong to this TypeInference region")
 spack  # success, but mypy-primer hangs processing the output
 spark  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)
-sphinx  # missing expression ID
-steam.py  # missing expression ID
+steam.py  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_), often hangs when multi-threaded
 streamlit  # cycle panic (signature_)
 sympy  # stack overflow
-trio  # missing expression ID
 xarray  # cycle panics (try_metaclass_)

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/primer/good.txt

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ AutoSplit
 PyGithub
 PyWinCtl
 SinbadCogs
+aiohttp
 aiohttp-devtools
 aioredis
 aiortc
 alectryon
+alerta
 anyio
 apprise
 arviz
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ jinja
 koda-validate
 kopf
 kornia
+meson
 mitmproxy
 mkdocs
 mkosi
@@ -92,11 +95,13 @@ scrapy
 setuptools
 sockeye
 speedrun.com_global_scoreboard_webapp
+sphinx
 starlette
 static-frame
 stone
 strawberry
 tornado
+trio
 twine
 typeshed-stats
 urllib3