[red-knot] Add cycle handling to narrow constraints queries (#17209)

## Summary

This PR fixes the cycle issue that was causing problems in the `support
super` PR.

### Affected queries
- `all_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`
- `all_negative_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`


--

Additionally, `bidict` and `werkzeug` have been added to the
project-selection list in `mypy_primer`.
This PR also addresses the panics that occurred while analyzing those
packages:

- `bidict`: panic triggered by
`all_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`
- `werkzeug`: panic triggered by
`all_negative_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`

I think the mypy-primer results for this PR can serve as sufficient test
:)

.github/workflows/mypy_primer.yaml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
             --type-checker knot \
             --old base_commit \
             --new "$GITHUB_SHA" \
-            --project-selector '/(mypy_primer|black|pyp|git-revise|zipp|arrow|isort|itsdangerous|rich|packaging|pybind11|pyinstrument|typeshed-stats|scrapy)$' \
+            --project-selector '/(mypy_primer|black|pyp|git-revise|zipp|arrow|isort|itsdangerous|rich|packaging|pybind11|pyinstrument|typeshed-stats|scrapy|werkzeug|bidict)$' \
             --output concise \
             --debug > mypy_primer.diff || [ $? -eq 1 ]