[red-knot] Reduce false positives on super() and enum-class attribute accesses (#17004)

## Summary

This PR adds some branches so that we infer `Todo` types for attribute
access on instances of `super()` and subtypes of `type[Enum]`. It reduces
false positives in the short term until we implement full support for
these features.

## Test Plan

New mdtests added + mypy_primer report

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/literal.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def f():
     reveal_type(a7)  # revealed: None
     reveal_type(a8)  # revealed: Literal[1]
     # TODO: This should be Color.RED
-    reveal_type(b1)  # revealed: Unknown | Literal[0]
+    reveal_type(b1)  # revealed: @Todo(Attribute access on enum classes)
 
 # error: [invalid-type-form]
 invalid1: Literal[3 + 4]