Add internal hidden rules for testing (#9747)

Updated implementation of https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/7369
which was left out in the cold.

This was motivated again following changes in #9691 and #9689 where we
could not test the changes without actually deprecating or removing
rules.

---

Follow-up to discussion in https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/7210

Moves integration tests from using rules that are transitively in
nursery / preview groups to dedicated test rules that only exist during
development. These rules always raise violations (they do not require
specific file behavior). The rules are not available in production or in
the documentation.

Uses features instead of `cfg(test)` for cross-crate support per
https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8379

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -117,7 +117,10 @@ jobs:
           tool: cargo-insta
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
-        run: cargo insta test --all --all-features --unreferenced reject
+        run: cargo insta test --all --exclude ruff_dev --all-features --unreferenced reject
+      - name: "Run dev tests"
+        # e.g. generating the schema — these should not run with all features enabled
+        run: cargo insta test -p ruff_dev --unreferenced reject
       # Check for broken links in the documentation.
       - run: cargo doc --all --no-deps
         env:
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Run tests"
         shell: bash
         # We can't reject unreferenced snapshots on windows because flake8_executable can't run on windows
-        run: cargo insta test --all --all-features
+        run: cargo insta test --all --exclude ruff_dev --all-features
 
   cargo-test-wasm:
     name: "cargo test (wasm)"