chore(ratatui): unleash the rats v0.30.0 (#2294)

## [v0.30.0](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/releases/tag/v0.30.0) -
2025-12-26

> _"Rats don't just survive; they discover; they create. ... I mean,
just look at what they do with
the terminal!" – Remy & Orhun_

We are excited to announce the biggest release of `ratatui` so far - a
Rust library that's all about cooking up TUIs 👨‍🍳🐀

🌠 Added "no_std" support for embedded targets, modularized architecture,
major widget & layout upgrades!

✨ **Release highlights**: <https://ratatui.rs/highlights/v030/>

⚠️ List of breaking changes can be found
[here](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/main/BREAKING-CHANGES.md).

### Features

-
[90a77aa](90a77aaf8b)
*(direction)* Add `Direction::perpendicular(self)` by @b-guild in
[#2197](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2197)

-
[56d5e05](56d5e05762)
*(bar)* Update label and text_value to accept Into<> by @Emivvvvv in
[#1471](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1471) [**breaking**]
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:label and text_value now accept `Into<>` types, which
  > breaks type inference.
  >
  > ```diff
  > - Bar::default().label("foo".into());
  > + Bar::default().label("foo");
  > ```
  >
  > ```diff
  > - Bar::default().text_value("bar".into());
  > + Bar::default().text_value("bar");
  > ```

-
[b76ad3b](b76ad3b02e)
*(bar)* Impl Styled for Bar by @Emivvvvv in
[#1476](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1476)
  >
  > Related:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/683

-
[e15fefa](e15fefa922)
*(barchar)* Add BarChart::grouped constructor by @joshka in
[#1513](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1513)

> Add a new constructor to the `BarChart` widget that allows creating a
  > grouped barchart with multiple groups of bars.
  >
> Also add a new constructor to the `BarGroup` widget that allows
creating
  > a group of bars with a label.

-
[369b18e](369b18eef2)
*(barchart)* Reduce barchart creation verbosity by @Emivvvvv in
[#1453](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1453)

  > Adds constructor methods for BarChart, BarGroup, and Bar

-
[1dc18bf](1dc18bf3cf)
*(calendar)* Add width and height functions by @joshka in
[#2198](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2198)

  > Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/2016
  >
  > ---------

-
[f18bcbf](f18bcbf06b)
*(canvas)* Add quadrant, sextant and octant markers by @sbarral in
[#2235](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2235) [**breaking**]

> The octant marker is an alternative to the Braille marker with the
same
> resolution, but offering densely packed, regular pseudo-pixels,
without
  > visible bands between rows and columns.
  >
  > Quadrant and Sextants are also added to support 2x2 and 2x3.
  >
> Sextant and Octant unicode characters that are less widely supported
at
  > the moment, which is why `Braille` was left as the default.
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:addition of new variants to `Marker` and removal of
  > no longer used constants in `ratatui::symbols::braille`.

-
[26b05de](26b05dee59)
*(chart)* Render Braille over Blocks in Charts and Canvas by @j-g00da in
[#2165](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2165)

> This makes it possible to stack charts, and write text over block
symbols in
> Charts and Canvas while still showing the block symbols behind the
text.

-
[bf84c62](bf84c6229b)
*(core)* Add a `has_modifier()` method to `Style` by @sxyazi in
[#2267](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2267)

  > Resolves https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/2264

-
[2d713d7](2d713d723d)
*(crossterm)* Allow multiple crossterm versions by @joshka in
[#1841](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1841)

  > This commit introduces feature flags to make it possible for widget
  > library authors to depend on a specific version of crossterm without
> causing version conflicts. This should make it easier for libraries
and
  > apps to update crossterm versions more easily.
  >
> The available feature flags are `crossterm_0_28` and `crossterm_0_29`.
> By default, the latest version is enabled. If a multiple features are
  > enabled we choose the latest version. We will in general support at
  > least the last two major (0.x) versions of crossterm, and will only
  > remove versions in a major version bump.

-
[d99984f](d99984f1e9)
*(layout)* Add `Flex::SpaceEvenly` by @kdheepak in
[#1952](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1952) [**breaking**]

  > Resolves https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1951
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:Old `Flex::SpaceAround` behavior is available by using
  >
  > `Flex::SpaceEvenly` and new
  >
  > `Flex::SpaceAround` now distributes space evenly around each element
  > except the middle spacers
  >     are twice the size of first and last elements
  >
  > With this change, the following variants of `Flex` are supported:
  >
> - `Flex::Start`: Aligns items to the start; excess space appears at
the
  > end.
  > - `Flex::End`: Aligns items to the end; excess space appears at the
  > start.
  > - `Flex::Center`: Centers items with equal space on both sides.
> - `Flex::SpaceAround` (**new**): Distributes space _around_ items;
space
  > between items is _twice_ the edge spacing.
> - `Flex::SpaceBetween`: Distributes space _evenly between_ items
except
  > no space at the edges.
> - `Flex::SpaceEvenly` (**previously `Flex::SpaceAround`**):
Distributes
  > space _evenly between_ items and edges.
> - `Flex::Legacy`: Preserves legacy behavior, placing all excess space
at
  > the end.
  >
  > This aligns behavior of `Flex` with CSS flexbox more closely.
  >
  > The following is a screenshot in action:
  >
  > <img width="1090" alt="image"
  >
>
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2c7cd797-27bd-4242-a824-4565d369227b"
  > />
  >
  > ---------

-
[9275d34](9275d3421c)
*(layout)* Add Offset::new() constructor by @joshka in
[#1547](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1547)

-
[7ad9c29](7ad9c29eac)
*(linegauge)* Customized symbols by @sectore in
[#1601](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1601)

  > With this PR any symbol (`&str`) can be used to render `filled` and
  > `unfilled` parts of `LineGauge` now. Before that change, only
>
[`symbols::line::Set`](https://docs.rs/ratatui/latest/ratatui/symbols/line/struct.Set.html)
  > was accepted.
  >
  > Note:New methods are introduced to define those symbols:
  > `filled_symbol` and `unfilled_symbol`. The method
>
[`line_set`](https://docs.rs/ratatui/latest/ratatui/widgets/struct.LineGauge.html#method.line_set)
  > is still there, but marked as `deprecated`.
  >
>
![line_gauge](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/cae308b8-151b-461d-8af6-9a20012adf2f)

-
[92a19cb](92a19cb604)
*(list)* Highlight symbol styling by @airblast-dev in
[#1595](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1595) [**breaking**]

  > Allow styling for `List`'s highlight symbol
  >
  > This change makes it so anything that implements `Into<Line>` can be
  > used as a highlight symbol.
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:`List::highlight_symbol` can no longer be used in
const
  > context
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:`List::highlight_symbol` accepted `&str`. Conversion
  > methods that rely on type inference will need to be rewritten as the
  > compiler cannot infer the type.
  >
  > closes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1443
  >
  > ---------

-
[e89a526](e89a526aab)
*(no_std)* Portable-atomic integration for targets with no atomic types
by @j-g00da in [#2076](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2076)

  > Improves compatibility with no-std targets that don't support atomic
  > types.
  >
  > We support three different scenarios depending on the target:
  > 1. Terminal applications and other std targets (e.g. espidf):
  > - `std` enabled, `portable-atomic` disabled
  > 2. Embedded targets with atomic types, bare metal x86, etc.:
  > - `std` disabled `portable-atomic` disabled
  > 3. Embedded targets without atomic types (e.g. single-core MCUs):
  > - `std` disabled, `portable-atomic` enabled
  >
> Turning on `portable-atomic` together with `std` will fall back to
`std`
  > atomic.

-
[1399d95](1399d95ae0)
*(no_std)* Make palette and serde features depends on std by @j-g00da in
[#1919](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1919)

-
[b32f781](b32f78195b)
*(no_std)* Make `ratatui-macros` no-std by @j-g00da in
[#1865](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1865)

-
[3e1c72f](3e1c72fb27)
*(no_std)* Make ratatui compatible with `#![no_std]` by @j-g00da in
[#1794](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1794) [**breaking**]
  >
  > Resolves #1781
  >
  > This PR makes it possible to compile ratatui with `#![no_std]`.
  > Also makes me answer "We Are So Embedded" to "Are We Embedded Yet?"

-
[ab48c06](ab48c06171)
*(no_std)* Option to disable layout cache for `no_std` compatibility by
@j-g00da in [#1795](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1795)
[**breaking**]
  >
  > Resolves #1780
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:Disabling `default-features` will now disable layout
  > cache, which can have a negative impact on performance.
  >
  > `Layout::init_cache` and `Layout::DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE` are now only
  > available if `layout-cache` feature is enabled.

-
[09173d1](09173d1829)
*(no_std)* Make `TestBackend::Error` `Infallible` by @j-g00da in
[#1823](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1823) [**breaking**]
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:`TestBackend` now uses `core::convert::Infallible` for
  > error handling instead of `std::io::Error`

-
[007713e](007713e50a)
*(no_std)* Replace `Backend`'s `io::Error` usages with associated
`Error` type by @j-g00da in
[#1778](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1778) [**breaking**]
  >
  > Resolves #1775
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:Custom backends now have to implement `Backend::Error`
> and `Backend::clear_region`. Additionally some generic `Backend` usage
  > will have to explicitly set trait bounds for `Backend::Error`.

-
[a42a17e](a42a17e184)
*(no_std)* Make `ratatui-widgets` `no_std` by @j-g00da in
[#1779](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1779)
  >
  > Resolves #1776

-
[5a232a3](5a232a3115)
*(no_std)* Remove redundant `std` usages in `ratatui-widgets` by
@j-g00da in [#1762](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1762)

-
[ebe10cd](ebe10cd81f)
*(no_std)* Remove redundant `std` usages in `ratatui-core` by @j-g00da
in [#1753](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1753)

  > Resolves https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1751

-
[08b08cc](08b08cc45b)
*(rect)* Centering by @janTatesa in
[#1814](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1814)
  >
  > Resolves #617

-
[ff729b7](ff729b7607)
*(scrollbar)* Support retrieving the current position of state by @orhun
in [#1552](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1552)

> As of now it is possible to change the position of the Scrollbar but
not
  > possible to retrieve the position for further use. e.g.
  >
  > ```rust
  > let mut state = ScrollbarState::default();
  > state.next();
  > ```
  >
> This commit adds a new method "`current_position`" (since `position`
is
  > already taken by the fluent setter) for that purpose:
  >
  > ```rust
  > let index = state.get_position(); // yay
  > ```
  >
  > See #1545 for the concrete usage of this.

-
[4c3c054](4c3c0540cd)
*(serde)* Handle null modifiers in serde Style by @joshka in
[#2172](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2172)

  > Allow `Style`'s `add_modifier` and `sub_modifier` fields to
  > deserialize from `null`

-
[b9da192](b9da1926a0)
*(serde)* Derive Serialize/Deserialize for alignment enums by @j-g00da
in [#1957](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1957)
  >
  > Resolves #1954

-
[89b7421](89b74214d9)
*(serde)* Derive Serialize/Deserialize for additional structs/enums by
@aurreland in [#1883](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1883)

  > This PR adds `#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]` to the following
  > structs:
  > - `Constraint`
  > - `Direction`
  > - `Spacing`
  > - `Layout`
  > - `AccentedPalette`
  > - `NonAccentedPalette`
  > - `Palette`
  > - `Padding`
  > - `Borders`
  > - `BorderType`
  > - `ListDirection`
  > - `ScrollbarOrientation`
  > - `ScrollDirection`
  > - `RenderDirection`
  > - `HighlightSpacing`
  >
  > Fixes #1877

-
[03f3f6d](03f3f6df35)
*(style)* Allow add/sub modifiers to be omitted in Style serialization.
by @rcorre in [#2057](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2057)

  > It's really useful that Style supports Deserialize, this allows TUI
  > apps to have configurable theming without much extra code.
  >
  > However, deserializing a style currently fails if `add_modifier` and
  > `sub_modifier` are
  > not specified. That means the following TOML config:
  >
  > ```toml
  > [theme.highlight]
  > fg = "white"
  > bg = "black"
  > ```
  >
> Will fail to deserialize with "missing field `add_modifier`". It
should
  > be possible
  > to omit modifiers and have them default to "none".

-
[ee67347](ee673476d3)
*(symbols)* Make `Marker` non-exhaustive by @j-g00da in
[#2236](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2236) [**breaking**]

> This will allow us to add new markers without causing further breaking
  > changes.
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:`Marker` is now non-exhaustive

-
[985cd05](985cd05573)
*(symbols)* Add dashed borders by @theotchlx in
[#1573](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1573)

  > Adds several new border sets:
  > - ratatui::symbols::border::LIGHT_DOUBLE_DASHED
  > - ratatui::symbols::border::HEAVY_DOUBLE_DASHED
  > - ratatui::symbols::border::LIGHT_TRIPLE_DASHED
  > - ratatui::symbols::border::HEAVY_TRIPLE_DASHED
  > - ratatui::symbols::border::LIGHT_QUADRUPLE_DASHED
  > - ratatui::symbols::border::HEAVY_QUADRUPLE_DASHED
  >
  > And corresponding variants to the ratatui::widgets::BorderType enum
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1355

-
[4c301e8](4c301e891d)
*(text)* Implement `AddAssign` for `Text` by @acuteenvy in
[#1956](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1956)

> This makes it possible to add a second `Text` instance to a first one
using the += operator.
  >
  > ```rust
  > let mut text = Text::from("line 1");
  > text += Text::from("line 2");
  > ```
  >
> Style and alignment applied to the second text is ignored (though
styles and alignment of lines and spans are copied).

-
[ce4856a](ce4856a65f)
*(widgets)* Add the missing constructor to canvas types by @orhun in
[#1538](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1538)

> Allows constructing `Rectangle`, `Points` and `Circle` using the `new`
  > method instead of initializing with the public fields directly.

-
[22610b0](22610b019b)
*(uncategorized)* Support adding an Offset to Position by @joshka in
[#2239](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2239)

  > Adds Position::offset() and arithmentic ops (Position + Offset and
  > Position - Offset)
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/2018

-
[24e3133](24e3133456)
*(uncategorized)* Add Rect::resize() method by @joshka in
[#2240](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2240)
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1440

-
[96d097e](96d097ef76)
*(uncategorized)* Implement Rect ops for moving by @joshka in
[#1596](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1596)
  >
  > feat:implement Rect ops for moving
  >
  > Implemented `Add`, `AddAssign`, `Sub`, and `SubAssign` on `Rect` for
  > `Offset`. This makes it possible to move rects
  >
  > ```rust
  > let rect = Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
  > let moved = rect + Offset(1, 2);
  > let moved = rect - Offset(1, 2);
  > let moved = rect + Offset(-1, -2);
  > ```
  >
> Additionally Rect, Size, Offset, and Position now all have MIN and MAX
  > consts.

-
[e869cb9](e869cb9750)
*(uncategorized)* Add Size::area() by @joshka in
[#2226](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2226)

  > Add Size::area() returning u32 to avoid u16 overflow
  > Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/2204

-
[b6588fd](b6588fd1fa)
*(uncategorized)* Implement `From<Size>` for `(u16, u16)` by @0xb002f0
in [#2223](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2223)

-
[75b78be](75b78be09f)
*(uncategorized)* Add width() impl for tabs by @joshka in
[#2049](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2049)

> The purpose of this is to make it easy for apps to easily calculate
the
  > total tab width including all dividers and padding.

-
[8188ed3](8188ed3950)
*(uncategorized)* Implement UnicodeWidthStr for Text/Line/Span by
@joshka in [#2030](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2030)

  > You can now calculate the width of any Text/Line/Span using the
> UnicodeWidthStr trait instead of the width method on the type. This
also
  > makes it possible to use the width_cjk() method if needed.

-
[c845fec](c845fec765)
*(uncategorized)* Add conversion from Size to Rect by @joshka in
[#2028](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2028)
  >
  > `Rect::from(size)` returns a new Rect at the origin (0, 0) with the
  > specified `Size`

-
[017af11](017af11b2b)
*(uncategorized)* Preserve block titles when merging borders by @j-g00da
in [#1977](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1977)
  >
  > Resolves #1939

-
[6dcd53b](6dcd53bc6b)
*(uncategorized)* Add ergonomic methods for layouting Rects by @joshka
in [#1909](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1909)

> This commit introduces new methods for the `Rect` struct that simplify
> the process of splitting a `Rect` into sub-rects according to a given
> `Layout`. By putting these methods on the `Rect` struct, we make it a
> bit more natural that a layout is applied to the `Rect` itself, rather
  > than passing a `Rect` to the `Layout` struct to be split.
  >
> Adds:- `Rect::layout` and `Rect::try_layout` methods that allow
splitting a
  >   `Rect` into an array of sub-rects according to a given `Layout`.
  > - `Rect::layout_vec` method that returns a `Vec` of sub-rects.
> - `Layout::try_areas` method that returns an array of sub-rects, with
  >   compile-time checks for the number of constraints. This is added
  >   mainly for consistency with the new `Rect` methods.
  >
  > ```rust
  > use ratatui_core::layout::{Layout, Constraint, Rect};
  > let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 10);
  > let layout = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Fill(1); 2]);
  >
  > // Rect::layout() infers the number of constraints at compile time:
  > let [top, main] = area.layout(&layout);
  >
> // Rect::try_layout() and Layout::try_areas() do the same, but return
a
  > // Result:
  > let [top, main] = area.try_layout(&layout)?;
  > let [top, main] = layout.try_areas(area)?;
  >
  > // Rect::layout_vec() returns a Vec of sub-rects:
  > let areas_vec = area.layout_vec(&layout);
  >
  > // you can also explicitly specify the number of constraints:
  > let areas = area.layout::<2>(&layout);
  > let areas = area.try_layout::<2>(&layout)?;
  > let areas = layout.try_areas::<2>(area)?;
  > ```

-
[0c3872f](0c3872f1c5)
*(uncategorized)* Add Rect::outer() by @joshka in
[#1929](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1929)
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/211

-
[7bc78bc](7bc78bca1b)
*(uncategorized)* Add ratatui::run() method by @joshka in
[#1707](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1707)

> This introduces a new `ratatui::run()` method which runs a closure
with
> a terminal initialized with reasonable defaults for most applications.
  > This calls `ratatui::init()` before running the closure and
> `ratatui::restore()` after the closure completes, and returns the
result
  > of the closure.
  >
  > A minimal hello world example using the new `ratatui::run()` method:
  >
  > ```rust
  > fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
  >     ratatui::run(|terminal| {
  >         loop {
> terminal.draw(|frame| frame.render_widget("Hello World!",
frame.area()))?;
  >             if crossterm::event::read()?.is_key_press() {
  >                 break Ok(());
  >             }
  >         }
  >     })
  > }
  > ```
  >
  > Of course, this also works both with apps that use free methods and
  > structs:
  >
  > ```rust
> fn run(terminal: &mut DefaultTerminal) -> Result<(), AppError> { ... }
  >
  > ratatui::run(run)?;
  > ```
  >
  > ```rust
  > struct App { ... }
  >
  > impl App {
  >     fn new() -> Self { ... }
> fn run(mut self, terminal: &mut DefaultTerminal) -> Result<(),
AppError> { ... }
  > }
  >
  > ratatui::run(|terminal| App::new().run(terminal))?;
  > ```

-
[b6fbfcd](b6fbfcdd1c)
*(uncategorized)* Add lifetime to symbol sets by @joshka in
[#1935](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1935)

> This makes it possible to create symbol sets at runtime with
non-static
  > lifetimes.
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1722

-
[488e5f0](488e5f020f)
*(uncategorized)* Make `border!` work without importing `Borders` by
@j-g00da in [#1918](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1918)

> Currently using `border!` macro requires explicit import of `Borders`
  > which is unnecessary.

-
[671c2b4](671c2b4fd4)
*(uncategorized)* Support merging the borders of blocks by @j-g00da

> When two borders overlap, they will automatically merge into a single,
  > clean border instead of overlapping.
  >
> This improves visual clarity and reduces rendering glitches around
corners.
  >
  > For example:
  >
  > ```
> assert_eq!(Cell::new("┘").merge_symbol("┏",
MergeStrategy::Exact).symbol(), "╆");
  > ```

-
[702fff5](702fff501c)
*(uncategorized)* Implement stylize methods directly on Style by @joshka
in [#1572](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1572) [**breaking**]

> This makes it possible to create constants using the shorthand
methods.
  >
  > ```rust
  > const MY_STYLE: Style = Style::new().blue().on_black();
  > ```
  >
  > Rather than implementing Styled for Style and then adding extension
  > methods that implement the Stylize shorthands, this implements the
  > methods as const functions directly on Style.
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:`Style` no longer implements `Styled`. Any calls to
  > methods implemented by the blanket implementation of Stylize are now
> defined directly on Style. Remove the Stylize import if it is no
longer
  > used by your code.
  >
> The `reset()` method does not have a direct replacement, as it clashes
  > with the existing `reset()` method. Use `Style::reset()` rather than
  > `some_style.reset()`
  >
  > Fixes:#1158

-
[4fcd238](4fcd238e1e)
*(uncategorized)* Support no-std for calendar widget by @joshka in
[#1852](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1852)

> Removes the CalendarEventStore::today() function in no-std
environments

-
[53cdbbc](53cdbbccd5)
*(uncategorized)* Enable serde propagation to backend crates (crossterm,
termion) by @ArjunKrish7356 in
[#1812](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1812)

> This PR propagates the serde feature from the main ratatui crate to
the
  > ratatui-crossterm and ratatui-termion backend crates. Solves #1805

-
[6836a69](6836a6903e)
*(uncategorized)* Implement styled for other primitives by @aschey in
[#1684](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1684)

-
[fcb47d6](fcb47d60f3)
*(uncategorized)* Rename Alignment to HorizontalAlignment and add
VerticalAlignment by @joshka in
[#1735](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1735) [**breaking**]

> We don't anticipate removing or deprecating the type alias in the near
  > future, but it is recommended to update your imports to use the new
  > name.
  >
> Added a VerticalAlignment enum to make the API more consistent. We
don't
> have a specific use case for it yet, but it's better to add it now and
  > be able to use it in the future.
  >
  > BREAKING-CHANGE:The `Alignment` enum has been renamed to
> `HorizontalAlignment` to better reflect its purpose. A type alias has
> been added to maintain backwards compatibility, however there are some
  > cases where type aliases are not enough to maintain backwards
  > compatibility. E.g. when using glob imports to import all the enum
> variants. This should not affect most users, but it is recommended to
  > update your imports to use the new name.
  >
  > ```diff
  > - use ratatui::layout::Alignment;
  > + use ratatui::layout::HorizontalAlignment;
  >
  > - use Alignment::*;
  > + use HorizontalAlignment::*;
  > ```

-
[2714d6b](2714d6b9c3)
*(uncategorized)* Add array and tuple RGB color conversion methods by
@joshka in [#1703](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1703)

> Other crates (e.g. colorgrad) that deal with colors can convert colors
> to a tuple of 3 or 4 u8 values. This commit adds conversion methods
from
  > these types to a `Color::Rgb` instance. Any alpha value is ignored.
  >
  > ```rust
  > Color::from([255, 0, 0]);
  > Color::from((255, 0, 0));
  > Color::from([255, 0, 0, 255]);
  > Color::from((255, 0, 0, 255));
  > ```

-
[50ba965](50ba96518f)
*(uncategorized)* Add a new RatatuiMascot widget by @Its-Just-Nans in
[#1584](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1584)

  > Move the Mascot from Demo2 into a new widget.
  > Make the Rat grey and adjust the other colors.
  >
  > ```rust
  > frame.render_widget(RatatuiMascot::default(), frame.area());
  > ```

-
[1d28c89](1d28c89fe5)
*(uncategorized)* Add conversions for anstyle by @joshka in
[#1581](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1581)
  >
> https://crates.io/crates/anstyle makes it possible to define colors in
> an interoperable way. This makes it possible for applications to
easily
  > load colors from a variety of formats.
  >
> This is gated by the anstyle feature flag which is disabled by
default.
  >
  > ---------

### Bug Fixes

-
[a89d3d6](a89d3d62ff)
*(buffer)* Clear behavior with VS16 wide emojis by @nornagon in
[#2063](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2063)

  > This fixes a bug where certain emojis like ⌨️ would sometimes be
> "overlaid" onto existing content from the buffer, instead of properly
  > clearing.
  >
  > [example demonstrating
>
bug](https://gist.github.com/nornagon/11a79d7a1f2e98aa129fedb4abccc530)
  >
  > This PR was generated by Codex, and validated by me:
> 1. Behavior of the above example code was buggy before this fix
(showed
  > overlaying "b" on top of the keyboard emoji), and fixed after.
> 2. The U+FE0F check is not strictly required, but I did note that
emoji
  > without this char don't exhibit the buggy behavior, even without the
  > fix.
  >
  > ---------

-
[ec30390](ec30390446)
*(canvas)* Round coordinates to nearest grid cell by @joshka in
[#1507](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1507)

  > Previously the canvas coordinates were rounded towards zero, which
> causes the rendering to be off by one pixel in some cases. It also
meant
> that pixels at the extreme edges of the canvas can only be drawn if
the
  > point was exactly on the edge of the canvas. This commit rounds the
> coordinates to the nearest integer instead. This may change the output
  > for some apps using Canvas / Charts.

-
[afd1ce1](afd1ce179b)
*(canvas)* Lines that start outside the visible grid are now drawn by
@renesat in [#1501](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1501)

> Previously lines with points that were outside the canvas bounds were
> not drawn at all. Now they are clipped to the bounds of the canvas so
  > that the portion of the line within the canvas is draw.
  >
> To facilitate this, a new `Painter::bounds()` method which returns the
  > bounds of the canvas is added.
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1489

-
[2b0a044](2b0a044ced)
*(ci)* Add contents write permission to release-plz PR by @marcoieni in
[#2119](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2119)
  >
  > https://release-plz.dev/docs/github/quickstart#3-setup-the-workflow
  >
  > Fixes https://github.com/release-plz/release-plz/issues/2439

-
[18e70d3](18e70d3d51)
*(crossterm)* Terminal should keep Bold when removing Dim by @MarSik in
[#1541](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1541)

  > The Dim removal should behave the same as the logic for Bold removal
> that sends NormalIntensity sequence and then restores Dim when needed.

-
[16b76e3](16b76e36ee)
*(demo)* Update the width of demo2 tape by @orhun in
[#2164](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2164)

>
![](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/images/examples/demo2.gif?raw=true)
  >
  > fixes #1721

-
[dca331c](dca331c748)
*(demo)* Support tab key in demo2 example by @orhun in
[#1726](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1726)
  >
  > see #1721
  >
> Not sure what caused this - it's been there for a while probably and
we
  > didn't realize it since we used `demo2-destroy` mostly.

-
[0fd4753](0fd4753e6b)
*(examples)* Run the correct example for chart by @orhun in
[#1679](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1679)
  >
  > fixes #1678

-
[39479e2](39479e298c)
*(examples)* Ensure that example projects are not published by @orhun in
[#1672](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1672)

-
[9314312](93143126b3)
*(layout)* Feature flag cache related types by @joshka in
[#1842](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1842)

-
[2dd1977](2dd1977c59)
*(layout-cache)* Import `NonZeroUsize` only when `layout-cache` is
enabled by @j-g00da in
[#1839](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1839)

> This silences unused import warning, when `layout-cache` is disabled.

-
[564a9d7](564a9d76fc)
*(line-gauge)* Pad default label to display 3 numbers by @martinetd in
[#2053](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2053)

> Display the default label of the LineGauge widget padded to fill 3
cells.
> This makes it so that the label doesn't shift around when going from a
  > single digit to double / triple digits.
  >
> To maintain the existing behavior, use a custom label by calling
`.label()`
  > on the LineGauge.

-
[a692a6e](a692a6e371)
*(lint)* Apply rust 1.84 clippy suggestions by @joshka in
[#1612](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1612)

  > The canvas map constants are now statics instead.
  > Fixes
>
https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html\#large_const_arrays

-
[2e54d5e](2e54d5e22c)
*(macros)* Use $crate re-export in text macro by @airblast-dev in
[#1832](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1832)

-
[79d5165](79d5165cae)
*(no_std)* Propagate `std` feature flag to dependencies by @j-g00da in
[#1838](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1838)

> Disables `std` feature flags in dependencies and only enables them
with
> `ratatui` and `ratatui-core`'s `std` feature flag. This partially
fixes the
> issue of still depending on `std`, when `std` feature flag is
disabled.

-
[00da8c6](00da8c6203)
*(no_std)* Provide `f64` polyfills for `no_std` compatibility by
@j-g00da in [#1840](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1840)
  >
  > Related:https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/137578

-
[3b13240](3b13240728)
*(scrollbar)* Check for area.is_empty() before rendering by @farmeroy in
[#1529](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1529)

> This adds the `area.is_empty()` back into the scrollbar render method.
  > Without it, the widget panics if the height is 0.

-
[f57b696](f57b696fdc)
*(span)* Dont render control characters by @EdJoPaTo in
[#1312](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1312)

-
[2ce958e](2ce958e38c)
*(table)* Allow display of additional table row, if row height > 1 by
@Lunderberg in [#1452](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1452)

-
[0a25bc1](0a25bc166d)
*(tests)* Update the stderr snapshot for ratatui-macros by @orhun in
[#2161](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2161)

  > New 🦀 broke the CI

-
[5fa342c](5fa342cc52)
*(widgets)* Fix centered block title truncation by @ognis1205 in
[#1973](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1973)

  > Previously block titles that were aligned center were
  > truncated poorly (aligned to the left, and the last
  > non-fitting title would be truncated on the left and right.
  > This now truncates the titles more obviously centered.

-
[f919b25](f919b25ea6)
*(uncategorized)* String_to_string lint is now part of implicit_clone by
@joshka in [#2173](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2173)

-
[1fe64de](1fe64de09a)
*(uncategorized)* Include underline color in anstyle conversion by
@aschey in [#2004](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2004)

  > Underline color wasn't included in the style conversion logic.

-
[c1b8528](c1b8528b69)
*(uncategorized)* Panic when rendering widgets on too small buffer by
@j-g00da in [#1996](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1996)

> Fixes panic on overflow on horizontal `Barchart` and `RatatuiMascot`
and adds proper tests to all widgets.
  >
  > ---------

-
[08b21fa](08b21fa55c)
*(uncategorized)* Fix panic when rendering a `Paragraph` out of bounds
by @jwodder in [#1670](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1670)
  >
  > Fixes #1667.

-
[80bc818](80bc818723)
*(uncategorized)* Fix truncation of left aligned block titles by @joshka
in [#1931](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1931)

> truncate the right side of left aligned titles rather than the left
side
> of right aligned titles. This is more obvious as the left side of text
  > often contains more important information. And we generally read
  > left to right.
  >
  > This change makes centered titles overwrite left aligned titles and
  > right aligned titles overwrite centered or left aligned titles.
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/358

-
[21e3b59](21e3b598ce)
*(uncategorized)* Fix handling of multi-byte chars in bar chart by
@joshka in [#1934](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1934)

  > The split_at method requires that the split point is at a valid utf8
  > character boundary.
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1928

-
[e1e4004](e1e400406c)
*(uncategorized)* Derive copy for list state by @janTatesa in
[#1921](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1921)

-
[12cb5a2](12cb5a28fe)
*(uncategorized)* Allow canvas area to exceed u16::MAX by @Daksh14 in
[#1891](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1891)

> This allows Canvas grids where the width * height exceeds u16::MAX by
  > converting values to usize earlier in several methods.
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1449

-
[09cc9ef](09cc9ef57d)
*(uncategorized)* Typo in changelog by @joshka in
[#1857](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1857)

-
[c238aca](c238aca83a)
*(uncategorized)* `padding_right()` should set right padding instead of
left by @sxyazi in [#1837](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1837)

  > Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1836

-
[c90ba97](c90ba9781e)
*(uncategorized)* Avoid unnecessary imports in minimal build by @cgzones
in [#1787](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1787)
  >
  > core::ops::Range is only used with the feature `scrolling-regions`.
  > Ensure a minimal `cargo check` reports no warnings.

-
[416ebdf](416ebdf8c8)
*(uncategorized)* Correct clippy errors introduced by rust 1.86.0 update
by @j-g00da in [#1755](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1755)

  > New version of rust (1.86.0) caused CI to fail.

-
[4eac5b2](4eac5b2849)
*(uncategorized)* Make deprecation notes more helpful by @joshka in
[#1702](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1702)

> AI coding assistants use the deprecation notes to automatically
suggest
> fixes. This commit updates the deprecation notes to push those tools
to
  > suggest the correct replacement methods and types.
  >
> Specifically, AI tools often suggest using `Buffer::get(x, y)`,
because
  > of their training data where this was prevalent. When fixing these
> deprecations, they often incorrectly suggest using `Buffer::get(x, y)`
  > instead of `Buffer[(x, y)]`.

-
[35a8642](35a86427ab)
*(uncategorized)* `Rect::positions()` should be empty when width is 0
and height is nonzero by @jwodder in
[#1669](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1669)
  >
  > Fixes #1666.

-
[f5fc819](f5fc8197ff)
*(uncategorized)* Avoid extra line break on whitespace only lines when
wrapping paragraphs by @dotdash in
[#1636](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1636)

  > Currently whitespace only lines produces an extra line break when
  > trimming is disabled, because both the trimmed as well as the
  > non-trimmed line get inserted. Fix this by only inserting the
  > non-trimmed one.

-
[2892bdd](2892bddce6)
*(uncategorized)* Rust 1.83 clippy lints by @joshka in
[#1527](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1527)
  >
>
https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#needless_lifetimes

-
[36e2d1b](36e2d1bda1)
*(uncategorized)* Add feature(doc_cfg) when generating docs by @joshka
in [#1506](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1506)

-
[4d7704f](4d7704fba5)
*(uncategorized)* Make StatefulWidget and Ref work with unsized State by
@thscharler in [#1505](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1505)
  >
  > StatefulWidget::State and StatefulWidgetRef::State are now ?Sized.
  >
> This allows implementations of the traits to use unsized types for the
  > State associated type. This is turn is useful when doing things like
  > boxing different stateful widget types with State which implements
  > `Any`, are slices or any other dynamically sized type.

-
[7b87509](7b875091e1)
*(uncategorized)* Typo by @marcoieni in
[#1480](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1480)

### Refactor

-
[8d60e96](8d60e96b2b)
*(examples)* Use crossterm event methods by @joshka in
[#1792](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1792)

> Crossterm 0.29 introduced methods to easily check / extract the event
  > type. E.g. as_key_press_event() and is_key_press(). This commit
  > updates the examples to use these methods instead of matching on
  > the event type. This makes the code cleaner and easier to read.
  >
> Also does a general cleanup of the event handling code in the
examples.

-
[07bec55](07bec55b7d)
*(no_std)* Make usages of std explicit in ratatui-core. by @ed-2100 in
[#1782](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1782)

  > ### This commit does the following:
  >
  > - Adds `#[no_std]` to `lib.rs`.
  > - Adds `extern crate std;` to `lib.rs`.
> - Updates `ratatui-core` to explicitly `use` items from std and alloc.
  > - Prefers `use`-ing alloc over std when possible.
  >
  > ### Explanation:
  >
> This allows usages of `std` in `ratatui-core` to be clearly pointed
out
  > and dealt with individually.
  >
  > Eventually, when `std` is to be feature gated, the associated commit
  > will be much cleaner.

-
[f132fa1](f132fa1715)
*(table)* Small readability improvements by @joshka in
[#1510](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1510)

-
[c7c3498](c7c3498025)
*(uncategorized)* Use saturating_add in Rect::new by @pharrison31415 in
[#2216](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2216)

-
[02e53de](02e53de0f8)
*(uncategorized)* Make use of iter::repeat_n() by @cgzones in
[#1788](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1788)

  > Applied via clippy --fix.
  > Available since 1.82.0.

-
[a195d59](a195d59a47)
*(uncategorized)* Move xtask commands to small modules by @joshka in
[#1620](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1620)

-
[904b0aa](904b0aa723)
*(uncategorized)* Move symbols to modules by @joshka in
[#1594](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1594)

-
[7c8573f](7c8573f575)
*(uncategorized)* Rearrange selection_spacing code by @raylu in
[#1540](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1540)

-
[217c57c](217c57cd60)
*(uncategorized)* Modularize backends by @orhun in
[#1508](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1508)

> Backend code is now moved to `ratatui-crossterm`, `ratatui-termion`
and
> `ratatui-termwiz`. This should be backwards compatible with existing
code.

-
[e461b72](e461b724a6)
*(uncategorized)* Move {Stateful,}Widget{,Ref} types into individual
files by @joshka in
[#1479](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1479)

> This is a preparatory refactoring for modularization. No user visible
  > changes.

### Documentation

-
[40e96a2](40e96a2a04)
*(block)* Add collapsed border example by @joshka in
[#1899](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1899)

-
[d291042](d291042e69)
*(block)* Revise the block example by @orhun in
[#1520](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1520)

  > - Moves the block example from `ratatui` to `ratatui-widgets`
  > - Simplifies the example (bordered, styled, custom borders)
  >
  > see #1512

-
[0951da5](0951da52f9)
*(breaking-changes)* Improve migration guide for `Backend::Error` by
@j-g00da in [#1908](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1908)
  >
  > Related:https://github.com/fujiapple852/trippy/pull/1588

-
[bbe1cf9](bbe1cf9497)
*(breaking-changes)* Change MSRV to 1.85 by @j-g00da in
[#1896](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1896)

> The minimum supported Rust version is now for `ratatui` v0.30 is 1.85

-
[c7912f3](c7912f3990)
*(breaking-changes)* Fix header level by @j-g00da in
[#1825](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1825)

-
[fcde9cb](fcde9cb9c3)
*(changelog)* Fix typo by @orhun in
[#1463](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1463)

-
[73488ab](73488abb45)
*(contributing)* Fix link to `widgets_block_renders` test by @ognis1205
in [#2101](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2101)

  > The `CONTRIBUTING.md` referenced `tests/widgets_block.rs`, but the
> correct path is `ratatui/tests/widgets_block.rs`. Updated the link so
  > that readers can navigate to the test example without 404 error.
  >
  > ---------

-
[0b025db](0b025db72b)
*(contributing)* Fix grammar by @j-g00da in
[#1958](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1958)

-
[1197b2a](1197b2a02c)
*(contributing)* Add note about using nightly for formatting by @joshka
in [#1816](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1816)

-
[3ae6bf1](3ae6bf1d6f)
*(contributing)* Use cargo-xtask for instructions by @orhun in
[#1509](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1509)

  > - Updates `CONTRIBUTING.md` about the usage of `xtask`
  > - Removes `Makefile.toml`

-
[22e3e84](22e3e84de8)
*(core)* Remove link to Paragraph widget by @orhun in
[#1683](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1683)

-
[b65788c](b65788ce14)
*(examples)* Remove duplicated link by @matthiasbeyer in
[#2212](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2212)

-
[200b217](200b217722)
*(examples)* Add VHS tapes and docs for widget examples by @orhun in
[#2114](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2114)
  >
  > fixes #1982
  >
> Later on I'll figure out an easy way to regenerate this in the CI and
  > possibly do the same for the app examples' VHS tapes. That's why I
  > haven't added a script or mentioned anything in the docs yet (hint:
  > #1721)
  >
  > ---------

-
[861fbdf](861fbdf5cf)
*(examples)* Fix a typo by @j-g00da in
[#1890](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1890)

  > Makes CI typos check pass again

-
[882cc3c](882cc3c6c6)
*(examples)* Update app examples with tapes by @orhun in
[#1673](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1673)

-
[4393fae](4393fae54c)
*(examples)* Move scrollbar example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1665](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1665)

-
[9ea70e2](9ea70e28c6)
*(examples)* Move widget-impl example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1663](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1663)

-
[774ab78](774ab788d4)
*(examples)* Move widget-ref-container example to examples folder by
@orhun in [#1664](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1664)
  >
  > see #1512

-
[910d16e](910d16e63a)
*(examples)* Move user-input example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1659](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1659)

-
[dbfb7da](dbfb7da9e3)
*(examples)* Move table example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1657](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1657)

-
[cb2a58a](cb2a58aaa0)
*(examples)* Move tracing example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1658](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1658)

-
[7e00b64](7e00b646fc)
*(examples)* Move panic example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1655](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1655)

-
[8127590](8127590812)
*(examples)* Move modifiers example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1654](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1654)

-
[7c40c0b](7c40c0bbdd)
*(examples)* Move popup example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1656](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1656)
  >
  > see #1512

-
[d87354f](d87354f400)
*(examples)* Move list example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1653](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1653)
  >
  > see #1512
  >
  > also renames it to todo-list

-
[621226f](621226f2e2)
*(examples)* Move inline example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1651](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1651)

-
[9ba7d25](9ba7d25b71)
*(examples)* Move hyperlink example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1650](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1650)

-
[bb94d1c](bb94d1c0fa)
*(examples)* Move minimal example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1649](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1649)

-
[9f399ac](9f399ac7a6)
*(examples)* Move gauge example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1646](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1646)

-
[104d6a6](104d6a6c2b)
*(examples)* Move custom-widget example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1644](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1644)

-
[fa8ca01](fa8ca0121a)
*(examples)* Move flex example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1642](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1642)

-
[f5fde0e](f5fde0ef53)
*(examples)* Move constraints example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1641](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1641)

-
[fc70288](fc70288954)
*(examples)* Move constraint-explorer example to examples folder by
@orhun in [#1640](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1640)

-
[325f961](325f96102a)
*(examples)* Move hello-world example to examples folder by @orhun in
[#1647](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1647)

-
[867c4bc](867c4bc4e9)
*(examples)* Move colors-rgb example to examples folder by @joshka in
[#1582](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1582)

  > - **docs: move colors-rgb example to examples folder**
  > - **docs: update main examples README**
  >
  > ---------

-
[72334ed](72334ed61c)
*(layout)* Update documentation to point to `kasuari` solver by @a-kenji
in [#2003](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2003)

-
[2be9ccb](2be9ccb120)
*(layout)* Remove unnecessary path prefix by @j-g00da in
[#1766](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1766)

-
[b669ceb](b669cebcaf)
*(layout)* Change `cassowary` to `kasuari` crate reference by @j-g00da
in [#1765](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1765)

-
[f907c74](f907c74bb3)
*(license)* Update copyright years by @LVivona in
[#1639](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1639)

  > Update MIT Licence to copyright year 2025

-
[68b9f67](68b9f67f59)
*(readme)* Add `Built with Ratatui` badge for downstream projects by
@harilvfs in [#1905](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1905)

-
[088aac1](088aac136d)
*(readme)* Tweak links and badges by @joshka in
[#1598](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1598)

-
[6e43672](6e436725e4)
*(readme)* Reimagine README.md by @orhun in
[#1569](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1569)

> This is the result of the re-imagination of a more suitable README.md.
It
  > is simpler and shorter: not giving more information to the user than
  > they actually need.
  >
> Also updates the quickstart code with the up-to-date version and adds
  > link to templates which was missing.
  >
  > ---------

-
[8f28247](8f282473b2)
*(readme)* Correct examples links by @HoKim98 in
[#1484](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1484)

-
[9f90f74](9f90f7495f)
*(readme)* Fix broken link by @nilsmartel in
[#1485](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1485)

-
[260af68](260af68a34)
*(readme)* Include iocraft as an alternative by @kdheepak in
[#1483](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1483)

-
[8e5151f](8e5151f83d)
*(rect)* Fix typo in the Rect::outer function comments by @orhun in
[#2123](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2123)

-
[40f13c6](40f13c6a6c)
*(rect)* Update the outdated comment for Rect::area() by @isgin01 in
[#2100](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2100)

> The return value of Rect.area() is no longer of u16 type, and the
value
  > is not being clumped anymore.

-
[ce16692](ce16692b9a)
*(release)* Fix typo by @j-g00da in
[#1754](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1754)

-
[9a930a6](9a930a6e99)
*(terminal)* Made usage of Terminal::get_frame() clearer by @Blaeriz in
[#2071](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2071)

  > Closes : https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1200
  >
  > ---------

-
[b08b4cb](b08b4cbd5e)
*(terminal)* Add disclaimer about panics to Terminal::new by
@lolbinarycat in [#2088](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2088)

  >
  > part of #2087
  >
  > cc @orhun
  >
  > ---------

-
[dafb716](dafb716f9d)
*(widgets)* Add example for grouped barchart by @orhun in
[#1566](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1566)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
  > ---------

-
[ed5dd73](ed5dd73084)
*(widgets)* Add example for tabs by @orhun in
[#1559](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1559)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
> Also removes the tabs example from ratatui crate since it overlaps
with
> this new example in terms of functionality and it was not following
the
  > general theme of other examples.

-
[fab5321](fab532171d)
*(widgets)* Add example for scrollbar by @orhun in
[#1545](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1545)

  > Related to: #1512

-
[898aef6](898aef6e2f)
*(widgets)* Add example for list by @orhun in
[#1542](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1542)

  > Related to: #1512

-
[452366a](452366aa9e)
*(widgets)* Add example for sparkline by @orhun in
[#1556](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1556)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
> Also removes the sparkline example from ratatui crate since this
example
  > is a simplified and easier to understand version of that

-
[6ddde0e](6ddde0e8a8)
*(widgets)* Add example for table by @orhun in
[#1557](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1557)
  >
  > related #1512

-
[93ad6b8](93ad6b828c)
*(widgets)* Update values in chart example by @orhun in
[#1558](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1558)

  > better stonks

-
[15f442a](15f442a71e)
*(widgets)* Add example for paragraph by @orhun in
[#1544](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1544)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
> Also removes the paragraph example from `ratatui` since these examples
  > are more or less the same.

-
[17bba14](17bba14540)
*(widgets)* Move the logo example to widgets by @orhun in
[#1543](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1543)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
  > Also updates the code to make it consistent with the other examples

-
[f2451e7](f2451e7f1e)
*(widgets)* Add example for gauge by @orhun in
[#1539](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1539)
  >
  > related #1512

-
[4f0a8b2](4f0a8b21af)
*(widgets)* Add example for canvas by @orhun in
[#1533](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1533)
  >
  > related #1512

-
[91147c4](91147c4d75)
*(widgets)* Add example for chart by @orhun in
[#1536](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1536)

  > stonks

-
[6dd25a3](6dd25a3111)
*(widgets)* Add example for calendar by @orhun in
[#1532](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1532)
  >
  > related #1512

-
[99ac005](99ac005b06)
*(widgets)* Add simple barchart example by @joshka in
[#1511](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1511)

-
[b1d47e7](b1d47e7718)
*(uncategorized)* Discourage use of `Buffer`'s `pos_of`, `index_of` by
@pharrison31415 in [#2225](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2225)

> These methods assume that the backing store of any buffer / area is
linearly indexable. There are other ways that we might want to
experiment in the future with how to store the values (trees, 2D
allocated areas that are non-contiguous etc.). The index <-> pos
conversion there isn't particularly useful. This should be an internal
implementation detail of the buffer, rather than something that we
expose, but we're not deprecating this for now at least.

-
[f8b0594](f8b0594363)
*(uncategorized)* Fix: fix typos by @j-g00da in
[#2129](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2129)

  > This fixes the pipeline after bumping typos.

-
[9998000](9998000e36)
*(uncategorized)* Use shields.io badge by @LitoMore in
[#2040](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2040)

  > Related to:
  > - https://github.com/simple-icons/simple-icons/pull/13593
  > - https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1967
  >
  > The Ratatui icon is available on shields.io now ✌️
  >
  > And it's customizable. There are more configurations at
  > https://shields.io/badges.
  >
  > Here are some examples:
  >
  > ```markdown
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff)
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-fff?logo=ratatui&logoColor=000)
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Built_With-Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff&labelColor=000&color=fff)
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff&style=flat-square)
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff&style=for-the-badge)
  > ```
  >
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff)
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-fff?logo=ratatui&logoColor=000)
  >
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Built_With-Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff&labelColor=000&color=fff)
  >
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff&style=flat-square)
  >
>
![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ratatui-000?logo=ratatui&logoColor=fff&style=for-the-badge)
  >
> I also created a PR to the ratatui-website project to update the
badge.
  > Here is the PR:
  >
  > - https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui-website/pull/924

-
[71ef65b](71ef65b624)
*(uncategorized)* Add section on collaborative development to
contributing doc by @joshka in
[#2029](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2029)

-
[cba5cca](cba5cca2bd)
*(uncategorized)* Update heading image for Ratatui 0.30.0 release 🎉 by
@j-g00da in [#2000](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2000)

-
[9836f07](9836f0760d)
*(uncategorized)* Add AI contribution guidelines by @joshka in
[#2013](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2013)

-
[98f85b8](98f85b8650)
*(uncategorized)* Update link to scrollable widgets RFC by @MatrixFrog
in [#1994](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1994)

-
[055522e](055522ef7b)
*(uncategorized)* Add docs for authoring widget crates by @j-g00da in
[#1955](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1955)

  > - added Authoring Widget Libraries sub-section
  > - moved built-in and third-party widgets sections higher

-
[617d318](617d31851a)
*(uncategorized)* Improve Block docs by @joshka in
[#1953](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1953)

-
[8e2d568](8e2d568428)
*(uncategorized)* Improve layout related docs by @joshka in
[#1948](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1948)

> Adds module level docs and more comprehensive docs on all the types in
  > the layout module
  >
  > Fixes #1937

-
[4c708dd](4c708ddf8a)
*(uncategorized)* Improve docs for run/init/restore etc. by @joshka in
[#1947](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1947)

  > - **docs: document the init module**
  > - **docs: use the ratatui::run() methods in the main doc**
> - **docs: add more intradoc / website links and historical perspective
  > on Terminal / backend**
  > - **docs: add notes about new run/init/restore methods and the
  > defaultterminal type to terminal docs**

-
[5620e06](5620e06b1a)
*(uncategorized)* Add crate organization sections to workspace by
@joshka in [#1946](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1946)

  > Adds summary-level crate organization documentation to all crates
> explaining the modular workspace structure and when to use each crate.
  > Links to ARCHITECTURE.md for detailed information.

-
[cfb65e6](cfb65e64ba)
*(uncategorized)* Add examples for handling state by @joshka in
[#1849](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1849)

> Added comprehensive state management examples covering both immutable
  > and mutable patterns and documentation to help developers choose the
  > right approach for their applications.

-
[3de41a8](3de41a8249)
*(uncategorized)* Document widgets module by @joshka in
[#1932](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1932)

  > Adds a good overview of the use and implementation of widget traits.
  >
  > Goals with the doc rewrite:
> - document the rationale for the ratatui-widgets crate with info for
app
  > builders and widget makers.
  > - Show how to use the widgets for rendering as well as implement the
  > traits- document the differences and reasons for each trait
  > - document the historical perspective (to make it easy to understand
  > older Ratatui apps as well as migrate to newer approaches
  > - give recommended approaches to implementing traits
  > - explain the differences between Consuming and Shared / Mutable
  > Reference implementations of Widget
  > - explain the differences between using StatefulWidget and Mutable
  > References
  > - Explain the use case for WidgetRef and StatefulWidgetRef
  > - Link out to third part widget lists
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/366
  >
  > ---------

-
[ca2ad4a](ca2ad4a1f9)
*(uncategorized)* Simplify ratatui-macro docs by @joshka in
[#1923](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1923)

-
[92b6a16](92b6a16bde)
*(uncategorized)* Fix grammar in ratatui-widgets README by @sevki in
[#1885](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1885)

-
[da05957](da05957fa0)
*(uncategorized)* Add widget-ref-container example by @joshka in
[#1603](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1603)

  > Implements ideas alluded to by
>
<https://discord.com/channels/1070692720437383208/1072907135664529508/1323061053990637640>
  > and followup conversations.

-
[1798512](1798512e94)
*(uncategorized)* Fix wording in user_input example by @dawedawe in
[#1611](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1611)

  > Fix wording in `user_input.rs` example.

-
[03066d8](03066d81bf)
*(uncategorized)* Fix punctuation in canvas.rs documentation by
@dawedawe in [#1583](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1583)

  > Fix end of sentence punctuation in canvas.rs docs.

-
[e411d9e](e411d9ec3e)
*(uncategorized)* Add input form example by @joshka in
[#1551](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1551)

  > Demonstrates how to manage the cursor and input focus with a simple
  > form. Uses an enum to track the current input field and passes the
  > input events to the active field.
  >
> This is similar to the json tutorial on the website, but a bit simpler

-
[ed071f3](ed071f3723)
*(uncategorized)* Add mouse-drawing example by @joshka in
[#1546](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1546)

  > Demonstrates how to handle mouse events

-
[46902f5](46902f5587)
*(uncategorized)* Improve docs for workspace crates by @orhun in
[#1490](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1490)

> Overall makes improvements in the documentation of the workspace
crates and checking them.

-
[a6b5792](a6b579223f)
*(uncategorized)* Fix example link in readme by @thomas-tacquet in
[#1462](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1462)

### Performance

-
[1f41a61](1f41a61008)
*(paragraph)* Avoid unnecessary work when rendering by @alexpasmantier
in [#1622](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1622)

  > Improve render times for paragraphs that are scrolled.
  >
> Currently all `LineComposer`s are considered to be state machines
which
> means rendering a paragraph with a given Y offset requires computing
the
  > entire state up to Y before being able to render from Y onwards.
  >
> While this makes sense for Composers such as the `WordWrapper` (where
> one needs to consider all previous lines to determine where a given
line
> will end up), it means it also penalizes Composers which can render a
> given line "statelessely" (such as the `LineTruncator`) which actually
> end up doing a lot of unnecessary work (and on the critical rendering
  > path) when the offset gets high.

-
[ba9eed7](ba9eed7742)
*(table)* Replace while loop with simple min operation by @EdJoPaTo in
[#1747](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1747)

### Styling

-
[345f47e](345f47e044)
*(rect)* Use plus operator for offset by @pharrison31415 in
[#2251](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2251)

  > ## Summary
  > Use `+` operator to move `Rect` by an `Offset` as added
  > [here](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1596).
  >
  > Includes change to use `Offset::new()` in place of `Offset { ... }`

-
[ac60de3](ac60de3960)
*(uncategorized)* Fix wrapping in doc comment by @joshka in
[#2104](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2104)

-
[2739391](2739391950)
*(uncategorized)* Use Module imports_granularity by @joshka in
[#1728](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1728)

> I was swayed by the arguments about this made by the compiler team In
> <https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/750> and decided to
> look at how this organization affects ratatui. I found this reduces
the
> number of lines across the codebase by about 350 and makes the imports
  > more readable and definitely more greppable as you usually only have
> to read a single line. I've found in the past that maintaining imports
  > regularly leads to merge conflicts which have to be resolved by hand
  > and this change should reduce the likelihood of that happening.
  >
  > Main change is in rustfmt.toml, and the rest is just the result of
  > running `cargo xtask format`.
  >
  > While implementing this, cargo machete brings up that the various
  > backend crates are unused by the example crates.
  >
> The re-export of each backend crate under ratatui is to make it
possible
  > for libs that rely on a specific version of ratatui to use the same
  > version of the backend crate. Apps in general should use the backend
> crate directly rather than through ratatui as this is less confusing.
  >
> - Removes all usages of `ratatui::{crossterm, termion, termwiz}`` in
the
  >   examples.
> - Adds the backend crate to the dependencies of the examples that use
  >   the backend crate directly.

### Testing

-
[db65aa0](db65aa0ef7)
*(bench)* Add benchmark for text by @orhun in
[#2160](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2160)

  > #2138
  >
  > ---------

-
[a21501f](a21501f7f4)
*(bench)* Added a benchmark for constraints by @kashregister in
[#2043](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2043)

  > I've added a new benchmark for constraints, which only takes into
> account the time it takes to generate a full layout using a single
type
  > of constraints only. Avoided rendering here as it resulted in more
> inaccurate benchmarks, and i believe it should be separated
nonetheless.

-
[94ba82e](94ba82e9ca)
*(gauge)* Add benchmarks for gauge by @WaterWhisperer in
[#2221](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2221)

-
[39cd313](39cd313b3b)
*(layout)* Add visual buffer tests for Rect methods by @orhun in
[#2124](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2124)

-
[8aefc06](8aefc06a90)
*(macros)* Regenerate trybuild stderr by @ognis1205 in
[#2093](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2093)

  > ### Overview
  >
  > Updated the `.stderr` file corresponding to the
  > `ratatui-macros/tests/ui/fails.rs` compile-fail test.
  >
  > ### Changes
  >
  > - Updated `tests/ui/fails.stderr` to match the new compiler output.
  >
  > ### Impact
  >
  > - Affects only the trybuild UI tests
  > - No impact on production code
  >
  > ### Notes
  >
  > - The `.stderr` was generated using `TRYBUILD=overwrite cargo test`.
  >
  > Closes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/2094

-
[55a95e6](55a95e67bc)
*(rect)* Mutual intersection agreement by @pharrison31415 in
[#2252](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2252)

-
[deb1b8e](deb1b8ec43)
*(uncategorized)* Ensure Style::new() and Style::default() are
equivalent by @cgzones in
[#1789](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1789)

### Miscellaneous Tasks

-
[abe2f27](abe2f27328)
*(backend)* Change From<T> impls to new backend specific IntoBackend and
FromBackend traits by @joshka in
[#1464](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1464) [**breaking**]

  > Adds two traits `IntoCrossterm` and `FromCrossterm` for converting
> between ratatui and crossterm types. This is necessary in order to
avoid
> the orphan rule when implementing `From` for crossterm types once the
  > crossterm types are moved to a separate crate.
  >
> Similarly Termwiz and Termwiz gain FromTermion, IntoTermion,
FromTermwiz
  > and IntoTermwiz traits.
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:The `From` and `Into` impls for backend types are now
  > replaced
  > with specific backend traits.
  >
  > ```diff
  > + use ratatui::backend::{FromCrossterm, IntoCrossterm};
  >
  > let crossterm_color = crossterm::style::Color::Black;
  > - let ratatui_color = crossterm_color.into();
  > - let ratatui_color = ratatui::style::Color::from(crossterm_color);
> + let ratatui_color =
ratatui::style::Color::from_crossterm(crossterm_color);
  > - let crossterm_color = ratatui_color.into();
> - let crossterm_color = crossterm::style::Color::from(ratatui_color);
  > + let crossterm_color = ratatui_color.into_crossterm();
  >
  > let crossterm_attribute = crossterm::style::types::Attribute::Bold;
  > - let ratatui_modifier = crossterm_attribute.into();
> - let ratatui_modifier =
ratatui::style::Modifier::from(crossterm_attribute);
> + let ratatui_modifier =
ratatui::style::Modifier::from_crossterm(crossterm_attribute);
  > - let crossterm_attribute = ratatui_modifier.into();
> - let crossterm_attribute =
crossterm::style::types::Attribute::from(ratatui_modifier);
  > + let crossterm_attribute = ratatui_modifier.into_crossterm();
  > ```
  >
> Similar conversions for `ContentStyle` -> `Style` and `Attributes` ->
  > `Modifier` exist for Crossterm,
  > and all the Termion and Termwiz types.
  >
  > ---------

-
[0a47ebd](0a47ebd94b)
*(bencher)* Update bencher CLI usage by @epompeii in
[#1470](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1470)

-
[b46778d](b46778dd1d)
*(breaking-changes)* Add details to `no_std`-related breaking changes by
@j-g00da in [#1828](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1828)

  > Some corrections and added details to BREAKING-CHANGES.md.
  >
  > I decided to remove:
  >
  > - `Backend` now uses `Self::Error` for error handling instead of
  > `std::io::Error`
  > - `Terminal<B>` now uses `B::Error` for error handling instead of
  > `std::io::Error`
  >
> ...as we are still using `std::io::Error` in built-in backends, so
this
> will only be breaking if a third-party backend decides to use a custom
> error other than `std::io::Error`, which would be a breaking change in
  > downstream and not `ratatui`.
  >
  > The exception to that is `TestBackend`, which uses `Infallible`, but
  > this already has its own breaking changes entry.

-
[a0979d6](a0979d6871)
*(build)* Remove cargo lint by @joshka in
[#1549](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1549)

  > Duplicate crate lint is too noisy and sensitive to upstream changes

-
[3812f69](3812f69997)
*(cargo)* Update the documentation metadata for crates by @orhun in
[#2170](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2170)

  > also follows the same format for the entries (`name` -> `version` ->
  > `description` -> etc. in order)

-
[ae43ea7](ae43ea796a)
*(cell)* Use Option instead of space (" ") for symbol by @joshka

> This change makes the `Cell::symbol` field an `Option<CompactString>`,
  > allowing it to represent an empty cell as `None` instead of an empty
  > string. The rationale for this is to later allow the merge symbol
> functionality to act differently based on whether a cell has
previously
> held a symbol or not, rather than always merging with an empty string.
> This will help make it possible to merge borders with titles with
spaces
  > and other symbols, without assuming that an empty string is always
  > equivalent to no symbol.
  >
  > - Default is now derived as `Option::None` works correctly.
> - PartialEq and Eq implementations are updated to treat `None` the
same
  >   as an empty string.
  > - merge_symbol against an empty cell will now just set the symbol
  >   rather than calling MergeStrategy::merge with an empty string.
  > - PartialEq, and Hash are manually implemented instead of being
  >   derived, and are updated to treat `None` equal to an empty string.

-
[0fbefe9](0fbefe9389)
*(ci)* Don't fail on cargo-deny advisories by @joshka in
[#2237](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2237)

> Instead of failing on advisories, run the cargo-deny check, and report
  > the failure.
  >
  > Uses the cargo-deny-action instead of installing this manually.
  >
>
https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action/tree/v2?tab=readme-ov-file#recommended-pipeline-if-using-advisories-to-avoid-sudden-breakages
  > (bumped to use rust stable, and log level info)

-
[887a636](887a6366e5)
*(ci)* Override RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN for the check step by @ognis1205 in
[#2116](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2116)

  > Summary
  > Fixes an issue where the "check" CI jobs for MSRV and stable were
> unintentionally using the stable toolchain from `rust-toolchain.toml`
  > instead of the matrix-specified toolchain.
  >
  > Details
> - Added `RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}` to the "check" job
  > in CI configuration.
  >
  > Additional Context
  > - https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2106
  > -
>
https://discord.com/channels/1070692720437383208/1072879985762762812/1422345357131780177
  > - https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/overrides.html#overrides

-
[34baaf1](34baaf1137)
*(ci)* Override the toolchain for CI runs by @ognis1205 in
[#2106](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2106)

  > ### Summary
  > Fixes an issue where the beta CI jobs were unintentionally using the
  > stable
  > toolchain from `rust-toolchain.toml` instead of the matrix-specified
  > toolchain.
  > This caused clippy to run against the wrong version.
  >
  > ### Details
  > - Added `RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}` to the CI
  > configuration
  >
  > ### Additional Context
  > -
>
https://discord.com/channels/1070692720437383208/1072879985762762812/1421990770482745415
  > - https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/overrides.html#overrides

-
[e48aa9e](e48aa9ec09)
*(ci)* Stop publish-alpha from running on forks by @j-g00da in
[#1916](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1916)

> I can't sleep because every Saturday alpha release fails on my ratatui
  > fork. This should fix my insomnia.

-
[b3f3c9b](b3f3c9bfd5)
*(ci)* Disable running release-plz on forked repositories by @orhun in
[#1730](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1730)

  > See https://github.com/jdssl/ratatui/pull/1#issuecomment-2739366609

-
[eaa4038](eaa403856e)
*(ci)* Install pre-built binaries for cargo-rdme by @orhun in
[#1477](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1477)

> `install-action` uses `cargo-binstall` to install the pre-built
binaries
  > of `cargo-rdme` (which was released in
  > https://github.com/orium/cargo-rdme/releases/tag/v1.4.7).
  >
> This will make the `check-readme` step faster in CI (now takes only 10
  > seconds).

-
[e5e2316](e5e2316451)
*(ci)* Add check for keeping README.md up-to-date by @orhun in
[#1473](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1473)

-
[2ef3583](2ef3583eff)
*(ci)* Replace cargo-make with a custom cargo-xtask by @joshka in
[#1461](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1461)

> This removes the need for cargo-make and replaces it with a custom
xtask
  > binary. See <https://github.com/matklad/cargo-xtask> for info.
  >
  > Rearranges the CI workflow to use the new xtask and simplify which
  > workflows that run.
  >
  > ---------

-
[98df774](98df774d7f)
*(core)* Move core types to ratatui-core by @joshka in
[#1460](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1460)

> The buffer, layout, style, symbols, text, and the top level of widgets
  > modules are moved to ratatui-core. This is the first step in
  > modularizing the library so that the core types can be used in other
  > projects without the need for the backend / widgets types.
  >
  > This helps reduce the need for updating other crates as often due to
  > semver changes outside of the core types.
  >
  > ---------

-
[35eba76](35eba76b4d)
*(example)* Move demo2 to top level folder by @joshka in
[#1524](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1524)

-
[5f57d35](5f57d35234)
*(examples)* Add colors explorer demo app by @orhun in
[#1580](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1580)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
  > Moves the colors examples to apps

-
[5c021bf](5c021bf344)
*(examples)* Add chart demo app by @orhun in
[#1579](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1579)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
  > Moves the chart example to apps

-
[9721300](9721300a47)
*(examples)* Add canvas demo app by @orhun in
[#1578](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1578)
  >
  > related #1512
  >
> This moves the canvas example to the apps and adds some interactivity
  > via changing the marker by pressing enter.

-
[a6a1368](a6a1368250)
*(examples)* Add calendar explorer demo app by @orhun in
[#1571](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1571)

  > Related to #1512
  >
  > As discussed, this moves the calendar example from ratatui to app
> examples as an "explorer" example. It also adds interactivity where
you
  > can press s to toggle between different styles of calendars.
  >
  > ---------

-
[819e92c](819e92cd44)
*(examples)* Add weather demo app by @orhun in
[#1567](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1567)

  > related to #1512

-
[b5f7e44](b5f7e44183)
*(examples)* Move async example to apps by @joshka in
[#1503](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1503)

  > Move async example to examples/apps/async as full project.
  > Simplify a little by removing the need for the github api token.

-
[17316ec](17316ec5d0)
*(github)* Enable sponsorship button by @orhun in
[#1478](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1478)

-
[d02995f](d02995fda1)
*(gitignore)* Add `.env` to `.gitignore` by @j-g00da in
[#1949](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1949)

-
[b4a71e5](b4a71e5fd5)
*(lint)* Add `std` instead of `core`/`alloc` lints to `ratatui-widgets`
by @j-g00da in [#1763](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1763)
  >
  > Resolves #1761

-
[cef617c](cef617cc35)
*(lint)* Add `std` instead of `core`/`alloc` lints to `ratatui-core` by
@j-g00da in [#1759](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1759)
  >
  > Resolves #1752

-
[d3f01eb](d3f01ebf6e)
*(lint)* Ensure lint config is correct by @joshka in
[#1528](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1528)

  > - Move lints to workspace manifest
  > - Add lint config to backend crates
  > - Fix one small lint error

-
[9fb0544](9fb054453d)
*(release)* Initialize release-plz by @orhun in
[#1550](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1550)

  > See https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1550

-
[60a8191](60a81913ed)
*(widgets)* Move crossterm to dev-dependencies by @j-g00da in
[#1834](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1834)

  > Crossterm in widgets is used only in tests.

-
[2b7ec5c](2b7ec5cb7f)
*(widgets)* Enable calendar widget as default by @orhun in
[#1521](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1521)

  > We now expect that you disable the default features if you want less
  > dependencies

-
[714c658](714c6584c3)
*(workspace)* Use ratatui dependency from the workspace by @orhun in
[#2169](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2169)
  >
  > Fix #2166

-
[d201b8e](d201b8e5dd)
*(xtask)* Check lints for only library targets by @orhun in
[#1531](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1531)

  > Makes it possible to filter workspace packages by their targets.
> (e.g. when we want to retrieve all the binary targets / examples,
etc.)

-
[b7ecef0](b7ecef086d)
*(uncategorized)* Expose crossterm 0.28/0.29 feature flags in Ratatui by
@orhun in [#2270](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2270)

> In docs we currently say that individual versions of crossterm could
be
  > enabled like this:
  >
  > ```toml
  > ratatui = { version = "0.30.0-beta", features = ["crossterm_0_28"] }
  > ```
  >
  > However this wasn't actually possible:
  >
  > ```
> package `x` depends on `ratatui` with feature `crossterm_0_28` but
`ratatui` does not have that feature.
  >
> failed to select a version for `ratatui` which could resolve this
conflict
  > ```
  >
  > This PR fixes that by exposing respective feature flags.
  > (Tested locally)
  >
  > ---------

-
[297d264](297d264c6b)
*(uncategorized)* Update maintainers by @orhun in
[#2122](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2122)

-
[91fa249](91fa249cd4)
*(uncategorized)* Remove obsolete doc_auto_cfg feature by @ognis1205 in
[#2103](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2103)

  > The doc_auto_cfg feature was incorporated into the doc_cfg feature
  > in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/138907
  >
  > Closes #2102

-
[46e7c6c](46e7c6cbbf)
*(uncategorized)* Document rustfmt options by @joshka in
[#2055](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2055)

-
[719badb](719badb5b8)
*(uncategorized)* Skip `alpha` and `beta` tags in `cliff.toml` by
@j-g00da in [#2026](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2026)
  >
  > https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2025#issuecomment-3135177683

-
[0afb1a9](0afb1a99af)
*(uncategorized)* Ignore `beta` and `rc` tags in `cliff.toml` by
@j-g00da in [#2025](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2025)

-
[5ae224b](5ae224b244)
*(uncategorized)* Prepare for beta release by @j-g00da in
[#2022](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2022)

-
[cfebd68](cfebd68e18)
*(uncategorized)* Fix typo in CONTRIBUTING.md by @kdheepak in
[#2001](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2001)

  > Removes a hanging opening code block:
  >
  > ````
  > ```suggestion
  > ````

-
[572749f](572749f388)
*(uncategorized)* Update contributing guidelines and add
copilot-instructions by @joshka in
[#1998](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1998)

  > See
>
https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/how-tos/agents/copilot-code-review/using-copilot-code-review
  >
> These instructions will be used by copilot when it performs automated
PR
> reviews, and helps provide guardrails for our standards. Over time we
> might grow these to capture any consistent problems that we start
seeing
  > when reviewing.
  >
  > ---------

-
[0148b62](0148b62f0c)
*(uncategorized)* Remove cargo_metadata dep from xtask by @joshka in
[#1993](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1993)

  > Removed due to hard N-2 MSRV requirement, whereas we use a soft N-2
> (only update when necessary). This makes it painful to be able to test
> our actual msrv (as the xtask has to be built with the version that
its
> deps support, while still wanting to check the msrv version, so we'd
end
  > up with 2 versions in the one CI task and this would get annoying to
  > check).
  >
> See https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/15746 for more details.
  >
> Partially implements #1820 - mainly as a problem solution rather than
a
  > specific goal to use cargo-hack

-
[9bc5739](9bc573931c)
*(uncategorized)* Remove clap-cargo from xtask by @joshka in
[#1992](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1992)

  > Removed to avoid needing to bump our msrv. See
>
https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/15746\#issuecomment-3071774343
  > for more details.

-
[0e10170](0e10170e19)
*(uncategorized)* Change Borders::NONE to a proper const by @joshka in
[#1985](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1985)
  >
  > https://docs.rs/bitflags/latest/bitflags/#zero-bit-flags
  >
  > > Flags with no bits set should be avoided because they interact
  > strangely with
  >
>
[Flags::contains](https://docs.rs/bitflags/latest/bitflags/trait.Flags.html#method.contains)
  > and
  >
>
[Flags::intersects](https://docs.rs/bitflags/latest/bitflags/trait.Flags.html#method.intersects).
> A zero-bit flag is always contained, but is never intersected. The
names
  > of zero-bit flags can be parsed, but are never formatted.
  >
> Removing this simplifies the manual Debug impl that previously had to
  > check for Borders::NONE and now does not.

-
[8e3bd11](8e3bd11d60)
*(uncategorized)* Add svg logo asset by @LitoMore in
[#1967](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1967)

> Added a shields.io style svg logo and a nicer version of the original
logo.
> The simplified icon will be added and available directly from
shields.io via:
  > - https://github.com/simple-icons/simple-icons/pull/13593

-
[92bb9b2](92bb9b2219)
*(uncategorized)* Remove `Title` references by @j-g00da in
[#1943](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1943)

-
[d6647db](d6647db744)
*(uncategorized)* Remove some allow attributes for fixed clippy bugs by
@joshka in [#1944](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1944)

-
[3f48bde](3f48bde3c6)
*(uncategorized)* Remove OpenSSL license by @joshka in
[#1942](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1942)

  > Only keep licenses in the allow list that are actually used

-
[4c86513](4c86513790)
*(uncategorized)* Remove block::Title by @joshka in
[#1926](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1926)

> The title alignment is better expressed in the `Line` as this fits
more
  > coherently with the rest of the library.
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGES:
  > - `widgets::block` is no longer exported
  > - `widgets::block::Title` no longer exists
  > - `widgets::block::Position` is now `widgets::TitlePosition`
> - `Block::title()` now accepts `Into::<Line>` instead of `Into<Title>`
  > - `BlockExt` is now exported at widgets::`BlockExt`
  >
  > Closes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/738

-
[272f5c0](272f5c05dc)
*(uncategorized)* Fix new lints by @joshka in
[#1922](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1922)

-
[770cb7c](770cb7c3c3)
*(uncategorized)* Add tests for combining list styles by @joshka in
[#1884](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1884)

-
[dbfb2c3](dbfb2c3399)
*(uncategorized)* Upgrade to Rust Edition 2024 by @MatrixFrog in
[#1863](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1863)
  >
  > https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/rust-2024/index.html
  >
  > Fixes #1727

-
[7cb35d4](7cb35d4be1)
*(uncategorized)* Update to Rust version 1.85.0 by @MatrixFrog in
[#1860](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1860)

  > This is a small step toward fixing #1727

-
[a07f5be](a07f5bec20)
*(uncategorized)* Move dependency management to workspace by @joshka in
[#1858](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1858)

  > Move all dependency management to the workspace level. This makes it
> easier to manage dependencies across multiple crates in the workspace.
  >
> This also changes the versions of each dependency to track based on
the
> semver compatible version of the dependency (e.g. 0.1 instead of 0.1.0
  > or 2.9 instead of 2.9.0 to avoid having to regularly update the toml
  > files and to communicate that Ratatui will still generally work with
> versions of the dependencies that are not the fully latest version.
The
  > exact version of the dependencies is still tracked in the Cargo.lock
  > file.
  >
> Several dependencies that are fairly stable are changed to track a
less
  > specific version (e.g. serde 1 instead of 1.0.x).
  >
  > The following dependencies are updated to their latest versions:
  > - bitflags (2.3 -> 2.9)
  > - strum (0.26 -> 0.27)
  > - strum_macros (0.26 -> 0.27)
  > - all other semver compatible updates

-
[1874b9d](1874b9dd55)
*(uncategorized)* Move time to dev-dependencies by @j-g00da in
[#1835](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1835)

-
[d88cd29](d88cd29079)
*(uncategorized)* Add 'const' to functions where possible. by
@MatrixFrog in [#1802](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1802)

> The Clippy check for this (missing_const_for_fn) is already enabled,
but
  > catches more cases in upcoming toolchain versions.
  >
  > This is part of the work to unblock #1727

-
[bb06889](bb068892c9)
*(uncategorized)* Fix io_other_error clippy lints by @joshka in
[#1756](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1756)

> Pre-emptive fix for new lint to be added in 1.87 (currently in beta).
  >
>
https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html\#io_other_error

-
[0f80c5e](0f80c5e87e)
*(uncategorized)* Use expect() instead of allow() for lint overrides by
@cgzones in [#1786](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1786)
[**breaking**]
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:MSRV is now 1.81

-
[fe8577c](fe8577c070)
*(uncategorized)* Remove paste dependency by @joshka in
[#1713](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1713)

> The paste crate is no longer maintained. Replaces the usages of this
in
> the Stylize declarative macros with hard coded values. These macros
are
> internal implementation detail to ratatui and so the changes should
have
  > no impact on users.
  >
  > Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1712

-
[255e466](255e4661a8)
*(uncategorized)* Cargo update - pull in fixed version of ring crate by
@joshka in [#1710](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1710)

-
[f05feac](f05feac337)
*(uncategorized)* Sort dependencies in Cargo.toml by @canac in
[#1662](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1662)

-
[7eab88f](7eab88fe9a)
*(uncategorized)* Remove unused deps by @joshka in
[#1661](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1661)

-
[37a1c6f](37a1c6f89b)
*(uncategorized)* Remove some examples by @orhun in
[#1645](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1645)

-
[6f21319](6f213191ef)
*(uncategorized)* Rename examples with clashing names by @joshka in
[#1597](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1597)

> These will eventually be moved / consolidated elsewhere, but this
clears
  > the warnings while building for now.

-
[11cbb2b](11cbb2ba87)
*(uncategorized)* Use cargo xtask for bacon clippy command by @joshka in
[#1592](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1592)

-
[b544e39](b544e394c9)
*(uncategorized)* Use clap instead of argh for demo example by @joshka
in [#1591](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1591)

-
[9a54198](9a541981b8)
*(uncategorized)* Make source files non-executable by @orhun in
[#1577](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1577)

  > ```bash
> find . -type f -not -path './.git/*' -not -name '*.bash' -exec chmod
644 {} +
  > ```
  >
  > fixes #1576

-
[357ae7e](357ae7e251)
*(uncategorized)* Move terminal types to ratatui-core by @joshka in
[#1530](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1530) [**breaking**]

  > - Move Terminal, TerminalOptions, ViewPort, CompletedFrame, Frame to
  >   ratatui-core crate
> - Move render_widget_ref() and render_stateful_widget_ref() to
extension
  >   trait (FrameExt) due as the Ref types are unstable and kept in the
  >   main lib instead of -core
  > - Fix rustdoc errors / feature config issues
  >
  > BREAKING CHANGE:to call `Frame::render_widget_ref()` or
  >
  > `Frame::render_stateful_widget_ref()` you now need to import the
  > FrameExt trait from `ratatui::widgets` and enable the
  > `unstable-widget-ref` feature.

-
[21e62d8](21e62d84c2)
*(uncategorized)* Move the demo example to main folder by @joshka in
[#1523](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1523)

  > Add a top level examples folder for more app-ish examples
  > Move the demo example into the top level folder.
  >
  > ---------

-
[fbf6050](fbf6050c86)
*(uncategorized)* Prepare alpha modularization release by @joshka in
[#1525](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1525)

> This is the first modularization -alpha release. It captures the
changes
  > necessary to manual publish. And ensures all the crates are properly
> setup and to set a baseline for comparison in future release checks
etc.
  >
  > This does not update / check the git-cliff setup / changelog
  >
  > Part of: #1388

-
[e4e95bc](e4e95bcecf)
*(uncategorized)* Remove --color always flags from bacon.toml by @joshka
in [#1502](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1502)

  > No longer necessary as of bacon 3.3

-
[a41c97b](a41c97b413)
*(uncategorized)* Move unstable widget refs to ratatui by @joshka in
[#1491](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1491) [**breaking**]

  > These are less stable than the non-ref traits as we have not yet
  > committed to the exact API. This change moves them to ratatui from
  > ratatui-core.
  >
  > To facilitate this:
> - implementations of WidgetRef for all internal widgets are removed
and
  >   replaced with implementations of Widget for references to those
  >   widgets.
> - Widget is now implemented for Option<W> where W: Widget, allowing
for
  >   rendering of optional widgets.
> - The blanket implementation of Widget for WidgetRef is reversed, to
be
  >   a blanket implementation of WidgetRef for all &W where W: Widget.
  >
> BREAKING CHANGE:implementations of WidgetRef no longer have a blanket
  > implementation of Widget, so Widgets should generally implement the
  > Widget trait on a reference to the widget rather than implementing
  > WidgetRef directly. This has the advantage of not requiring unstable
  > features to be enabled.
  >
  > Part of: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1388

-
[e7085e3](e7085e3a3e)
*(uncategorized)* Move widgets into ratatui-widgets crate by @joshka in
[#1474](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1474)

> All the widgets now live in their own ratatui-widgets crate, but are
re-exported in the main ratatui crate.
> This makes it easier to use portions of the ratatui library and is
part of the effort to modularize
  >
  > Part of: #1388
  >
  > ---------

-
[f1d0a18](f1d0a18375)
*(uncategorized)* Move ratatui crate into workspace folder by @joshka in
[#1459](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1459)

  > This is the first step towards modularization. Handling the move
  > as a separate step rather than combining it should make it easier
  > to rebase other PRs when necessary.
  >
  > ---------

-
[55fb2d2](55fb2d2e56)
*(uncategorized)* Update repo links to ratatui instead of ratatui-org by
@joshka in [#1458](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1458)

### Continuous Integration

-
[c01b7d4](c01b7d43ea)
*(uncategorized)* Remove old release workflows by @joshka in
[#2015](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2015)

-
[02ca587](02ca5870c5)
*(uncategorized)* Add environment to release workflow by @joshka in
[#1983](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1983)
  >
>
https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io/issues/11564#issuecomment-3066696820

-
[821611f](821611f76f)
*(uncategorized)* Use trusted publishing by @joshka in
[#1981](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1981)
  >
>
https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/07/11/crates-io-development-update-2025-07/
  >
  > https://crates.io/docs/trusted-publishing

-
[1f0c2ee](1f0c2ee18e)
*(uncategorized)* Audit github workflows with zizmor by @joshka in
[#1961](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1961)

  > Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1950

-
[a0746ba](a0746bad7e)
*(uncategorized)* Add job to check no-std build by @joshka in
[#1851](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1851)

> Uses x86_64-unknown-none as an arbitrary target that does not support
  > the std library
  >
  > Resolves:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1843

-
[5a3be12](5a3be12ebd)
*(uncategorized)* Run clippy using rust stable and beta by @joshka in
[#1757](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1757)

> This makes it possible to pre-emptively catch upcoming clippy issues.
We
  > should not block PRs on these generally (unless the PR introduces a
> valid clippy warning), so the workflow is set up to not fail on beta.

-
[e7defb3](e7defb36de)
*(uncategorized)* Remove bencher workflows by @joshka in
[#1719](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1719)

  > These actions are currently unused as we haven't
  > invested the time necessary to understand how best
  > to use them. We can always re-add them later if we
  > find them useful.

-
[9398a25](9398a2550a)
*(uncategorized)* Add workflow_dispatch trigger for release-plz by
@joshka in [#1693](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1693)

-
[57c2326](57c2326574)
*(uncategorized)* Run cargo-deny directly rather than via action by
@joshka in [#1621](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1621)

  > Improves CI time

-
[4a871f9](4a871f993e)
*(uncategorized)* Refactor xtask / toml formatting by @joshka in
[#1602](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1602)

  > - format toml files using taplo
  > - add toml formatting check to CI
  > - use xtask consistently from bacon
> - refactor xtask commands to take params instead of multiple commands

### Reverted Commits

-
[cace1e0](cace1e099c)
*(release)* Prepare for beta release by @orhun in
[#2117](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2117)

  > This reverts commit 5ae224b244 so that
  > `release-plz` is being triggered again.
  >
> See
https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2022#issuecomment-3349094310
  > for rationale.
  >
  >

### New Contributors

* @sxyazi made their first contribution in
[#2267](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2267)
* @pharrison31415 made their first contribution in
[#2252](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2252)
* @sbarral made their first contribution in
[#2235](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2235)
* @j-g00da made their first contribution in
[#2236](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2236)
* @WaterWhisperer made their first contribution in
[#2221](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2221)
* @0xb002f0 made their first contribution in
[#2223](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2223)
* @matthiasbeyer made their first contribution in
[#2212](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2212)
* @b-guild made their first contribution in
[#2197](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2197)
* @github-actions[bot] made their first contribution in
[#2162](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2162)
* @marcoieni made their first contribution in
[#2119](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2119)
* @Blaeriz made their first contribution in
[#2071](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2071)
* @ognis1205 made their first contribution in
[#2116](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2116)
* @isgin01 made their first contribution in
[#2100](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2100)
* @nornagon made their first contribution in
[#2063](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2063)
* @lolbinarycat made their first contribution in
[#2088](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2088)
* @rcorre made their first contribution in
[#2057](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2057)
* @martinetd made their first contribution in
[#2053](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2053)
* @kashregister made their first contribution in
[#2043](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2043)
* @LitoMore made their first contribution in
[#2040](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2040)
* @aschey made their first contribution in
[#2004](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2004)
* @dtolnay made their first contribution in
[#1999](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1999)
* @MatrixFrog made their first contribution in
[#1994](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1994)
* @jwodder made their first contribution in
[#1670](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1670)
* @acuteenvy made their first contribution in
[#1956](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1956)
* @harilvfs made their first contribution in
[#1905](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1905)
* @Daksh14 made their first contribution in
[#1891](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1891)
* @sevki made their first contribution in
[#1885](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1885)
* @aurreland made their first contribution in
[#1883](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1883)
* @ArjunKrish7356 made their first contribution in
[#1812](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1812)
* @cgzones made their first contribution in
[#1789](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1789)
* @ed-2100 made their first contribution in
[#1782](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1782)
* @musicinmybrain made their first contribution in
[#1783](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1783)
* @LecrisUT made their first contribution in
[#1777](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1777)
* @canac made their first contribution in
[#1662](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1662)
* @LVivona made their first contribution in
[#1639](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1639)
* @alexpasmantier made their first contribution in
[#1622](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1622)
* @theotchlx made their first contribution in
[#1573](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1573)
* @dawedawe made their first contribution in
[#1611](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1611)
* @Its-Just-Nans made their first contribution in
[#1584](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1584)
* @MarSik made their first contribution in
[#1541](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1541)
* @raylu made their first contribution in
[#1540](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1540)
* @renesat made their first contribution in
[#1501](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1501)
* @HoKim98 made their first contribution in
[#1484](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1484)
* @nilsmartel made their first contribution in
[#1485](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1485)
* @epompeii made their first contribution in
[#1470](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1470)
* @thomas-tacquet made their first contribution in
[#1462](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1462)

**Full Changelog**:
https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/compare/v0.29.0...v0.30.0

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Orhun Parmaksız <orhunparmaksiz@gmail.com>

.cliffignore

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+f804c90f96221f334371ccd01b0e6df7b1cfc1e8
+16ba867c5877d8c97968987ecb5f8bff966d0a82
+38a1474ca12aa6a796afc1e277882d997a999e14
+92c4078413fc79fcc83f5d3d8708abb58696ff1a
+d4415204e1eb3aed2a74a722aeaaa274975dd2d7
+e48bcf5f21f14acb27996fdc02231c140f5b817c

.github/workflows/check-semver.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Check semver

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Formatting
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
           components: rustfmt
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: taplo-cli
       - run: cargo xtask format --check
@@ -48,27 +48,32 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Typos
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: crate-ci/typos@80c8a4945eec0f6d464eaf9e65ed98ef085283d1 # master
+      - uses: crate-ci/typos@2d0ce569feab1f8752f1dde43cc2f2aa53236e06 # master
 
   # Check for any disallowed dependencies in the codebase due to license / security issues.
   # See <https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny>
-  dependencies:
-    name: Check Dependencies
+  cargo-deny:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        checks:
+          - advisories
+          - bans licenses sources
+    # Prevent sudden announcement of a new advisory from failing ci:
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.checks == 'advisories' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@76cd80eb775d7bbbd2d80292136d74d39e1b4918 # v2
         with:
-          toolchain: stable
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
-        with:
-          tool: cargo-deny
-      - run: cargo deny --log-level info --all-features check
+          rust-toolchain: stable
+          log-level: info
+          arguments: --all-features --exclude-unpublished
+          command: check ${{ matrix.checks }}
 
   # Check for any unused dependencies in the codebase.
   # See <https://github.com/bnjbvr/cargo-machete/>
@@ -76,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Unused Dependencies
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - uses: bnjbvr/cargo-machete@7959c845782fed02ee69303126d4a12d64f1db18 # v0.9.1
@@ -95,14 +100,14 @@ jobs:
         toolchain: ["stable", "beta"]
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.toolchain == 'beta' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
           components: clippy
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask clippy
         env:
           RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
@@ -112,10 +117,10 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Markdown
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@992badcdf24e3b8eb7e87ff9287fe931bcb00c6e # v20
+      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@07035fd053f7be764496c0f8d8f9f41f98305101 # v21
         with:
           globs: |
             '**/*.md'
@@ -127,19 +132,19 @@ jobs:
     name: Coverage Report
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
           components: llvm-tools
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-llvm-cov
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask coverage
-      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5a1091511ad55cbe89839c7260b706298ca349f7 # v5
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@671740ac38dd9b0130fbe1cec585b89eea48d3de # v5
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
           fail_ci_if_error: true
@@ -151,19 +156,19 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-        toolchain: ["1.85.0", "stable"]
+        toolchain: ["1.86.0", "stable"]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-hack
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask check --all-features
         env:
           RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
@@ -172,14 +177,14 @@ jobs:
     name: Build No-Std
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
           targets: x86_64-unknown-none
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       # This makes it easier to debug the exact versions of the dependencies
       - run: cargo tree --target x86_64-unknown-none -p ratatui-core
       - run: cargo tree --target x86_64-unknown-none -p ratatui-widgets
@@ -195,11 +200,11 @@ jobs:
     name: Check README
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-rdme
       - run: cargo xtask readme --check
@@ -212,19 +217,19 @@ jobs:
     env:
       RUSTDOCFLAGS: -Dwarnings
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
       - uses: dtolnay/install@74f735cdf643820234e37ae1c4089a08fd266d8a # master
         with:
           crate: cargo-docs-rs
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-hack
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask docs
 
   # Run cargo test on the documentation of the crate. This will catch any code examples that don't
@@ -233,16 +238,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Test Docs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-hack
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask test-docs
 
   # Run cargo test on the libraries of the crate.
@@ -252,18 +257,18 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        toolchain: ["1.85.0", "stable"]
+        toolchain: ["1.86.0", "stable"]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@c5b1b6f479c32f356cc6f4ba672a47f63853b13b # v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b9c5db3aef04caffaf95a1d03931de10fb2a140f # v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-hack
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask test-libs
 
   # Run cargo test on all the backends.
@@ -280,11 +285,11 @@ jobs:
           - os: windows-latest
             backend: termion
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2
       - run: cargo xtask test-backend ${{ matrix.backend }}

.github/workflows/release-plz.yml

@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'ratatui' }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
-      - uses: rust-lang/crates-io-auth-action@041cce5b4b821e6b0ebc9c9c38b58cac4e34dcc2 # v1
+      - uses: rust-lang/crates-io-auth-action@b7e9a28eded4986ec6b1fa40eeee8f8f165559ec # v1
         id: auth
       - name: Run release-plz
-        uses: release-plz/action@d529f731ae3e89610ada96eda34e5c6ba3b12214 # v0.5
+        uses: release-plz/action@487eb7b5c085a664d5c5ca05f4159bd9b591182a # v0.5
         with:
           command: release
         env:
@@ -54,16 +54,16 @@ jobs:
       cancel-in-progress: false
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@6d653acede28d24f02e3cd41383119e8b1b35921 # master
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@f7ccc83f9ed1e5b9c81d8a67d7ad1a747e22a561 # master
         with:
           toolchain: stable
       - name: Run release-plz
-        uses: release-plz/action@d529f731ae3e89610ada96eda34e5c6ba3b12214 # v0.5
+        uses: release-plz/action@487eb7b5c085a664d5c5ca05f4159bd9b591182a # v0.5
         with:
           command: release-pr
         env:

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ jobs:
       security-events: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Run zizmor 🌈
-        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@e673c3917a1aef3c65c972347ed84ccd013ecda4 # v0.2.0
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@e639db99335bc9038abc0e066dfcd72e23d26fb4 # v0.3.0

BREAKING-CHANGES.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This is a quick summary of the sections below:
   - `FrameExt` trait for `unstable-widget-ref` feature
   - `List::highlight_symbol` now accepts `Into<Line>` instead of `&str`
   - 'layout::Alignment' is renamed to 'layout::HorizontalAlignment'
-  - The MSRV is now 1.85.0
+  - MSRV is now 1.86.0
   - `Backend` now requires an associated `Error` type and `clear_region` method
   - `TestBackend` now uses `core::convert::Infallible` for error handling instead of `std::io::Error`
   - Disabling `default-features` will now disable layout cache, which can have a negative impact on performance
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ This is a quick summary of the sections below:
   - Disabling `default-features` suppresses the error message if `show_cursor()` fails when dropping
     `Terminal`
   - Support a broader range for `unicode-width` version
+  - `Marker` is now non-exhaustive
+  - `symbols::braille::BLANK` and `symbols::braille::DOTS` have been removed in favor of an ordered
+    array of all Braille characters
 - [v0.29.0](#v0290)
   - `Sparkline::data` takes `IntoIterator<Item = SparklineBar>` instead of `&[u64]` and is no longer
     const
@@ -92,6 +95,24 @@ This is a quick summary of the sections below:
 
 ## v0.30.0 Unreleased
 
+### `Marker` is now non-exhaustive ([#2236])
+
+[#2236]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2236
+
+The `Marker` enum is now marked as `#[non_exhaustive]`, if you were matching on `Marker` exhaustively,
+you will need to add a wildcard arm:
+
+```diff
+  match marker {
+      Marker::Dot => { /* ... */ }
+      Marker::Block => { /* ... */ }
+      Marker::Bar => { /* ... */ }
+      Marker::Braille => { /* ... */ }
+      Marker::HalfBlock => { /* ... */ }
++     _ => { /* ... */ }
+  }
+```
+
 ### `Flex::SpaceAround` now mirrors flexbox: space between items is twice the size of the outer gaps ([#1952])
 
 [#1952]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1952
@@ -235,11 +256,11 @@ instead.
 + fn run(mut terminal: DefaultTerminal) -> io::Result<()> {
 ```
 
-### The MSRV is now 1.85.0 ([#1860])
+### MSRV is now 1.86.0 ([#2230])
 
-[#1860]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1860
+[#2230]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/2230
 
-The minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.85.0.
+The minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.86.0.
 
 ### `layout::Alignment` is renamed to `layout::HorizontalAlignment` ([#1735])
 
@@ -1087,7 +1108,7 @@ previously did not need to use type annotations to fail to compile. To fix this,
 
 [#133]: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/133
 
-Code using the `Block` marker that previously rendered using a half block character (`'▀'``) now
+Code using the `Block` marker that previously rendered using a half block character (`'▀'`) now
 renders using the full block character (`'█'`). A new marker variant`Bar` is introduced to replace
 the existing code.
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
 exclude = ["assets/*", ".github", "Makefile.toml", "CONTRIBUTING.md", "*.log", "tags"]
 edition = "2024"
-rust-version = "1.85.0"
+rust-version = "1.86.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
 anstyle = "1"
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ bitflags = "2.10"
 clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] }
 color-eyre = "0.6"
 compact_str = { version = "0.9", default-features = false }
-criterion = { version = "0.7", features = ["html_reports"] }
+criterion = { version = "0.8", features = ["html_reports"] }
 crossterm = "0.29"
 document-features = "0.2"
 fakeit = "1"
@@ -45,18 +45,18 @@ itertools = { version = "0.14", default-features = false, features = ["use_alloc
 kasuari = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
 line-clipping = "0.3"
 lru = "0.16"
-octocrab = "0.47"
+octocrab = "0.49"
 palette = "0.7"
 pretty_assertions = "1"
 rand = "0.9"
 rand_chacha = "0.9"
-ratatui = { path = "ratatui", version = "0.30.0-alpha.5" }
-ratatui-core = { path = "ratatui-core", version = "0.1.0-alpha.6" }
-ratatui-crossterm = { path = "ratatui-crossterm", version = "0.1.0-alpha.5" }
-ratatui-macros = { path = "ratatui-macros", version = "0.7.0-alpha.4" }
-ratatui-termion = { path = "ratatui-termion", version = "0.1.0-alpha.5" }
-ratatui-termwiz = { path = "ratatui-termwiz", version = "0.1.0-alpha.5" }
-ratatui-widgets = { path = "ratatui-widgets", version = "0.3.0-alpha.5" }
+ratatui = { path = "ratatui", version = "0.30.0" }
+ratatui-core = { path = "ratatui-core", version = "0.1.0" }
+ratatui-crossterm = { path = "ratatui-crossterm", version = "0.1.0" }
+ratatui-macros = { path = "ratatui-macros", version = "0.7.0" }
+ratatui-termion = { path = "ratatui-termion", version = "0.1.0" }
+ratatui-termwiz = { path = "ratatui-termwiz", version = "0.1.0" }
+ratatui-widgets = { path = "ratatui-widgets", version = "0.3.0" }
 rstest = "0.26"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ empty_line_after_doc_comments = "warn"
 equatable_if_let = "warn"
 fn_to_numeric_cast_any = "warn"
 format_push_string = "warn"
+implicit_clone = "warn"
 map_err_ignore = "warn"
 missing_const_for_fn = "warn"
 mixed_read_write_in_expression = "warn"
@@ -118,6 +119,5 @@ redundant_type_annotations = "warn"
 rest_pat_in_fully_bound_structs = "warn"
 string_lit_chars_any = "warn"
 string_slice = "warn"
-string_to_string = "warn"
 unnecessary_self_imports = "warn"
 use_self = "warn"

cliff.toml

@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ body = """
 {%- endfor -%}
 {%- endfor %}
 
+{%- if not release_link -%}
+{% if github.contributors | filter(attribute="is_first_time", value=true) | length != 0 %}
+### New Contributors
+{%- endif %}\
+{% for contributor in github.contributors | filter(attribute="is_first_time", value=true) %}
+* @{{ contributor.username }} made their first contribution
+{%- if contributor.pr_number %} in \
+[#{{ contributor.pr_number }}]({{ self::remote_url() }}/pull/{{ contributor.pr_number }}) \
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+
 {% if version %}
 {% if previous.version %}
 {%- if release_link -%}
@@ -126,12 +138,14 @@ commit_parsers = [
   { message = "^style", group = "<!-- 05 -->Styling" },
   { message = "^test", group = "<!-- 06 -->Testing" },
   { message = "^chore\\(release\\): prepare for", skip = true },
+  { message = "^chore: release", skip = true },
   { message = "^chore\\(pr\\)", skip = true },
   { message = "^chore\\(pull\\)", skip = true },
   { message = "^chore\\(deps\\)", skip = true },
   { message = "^chore\\(changelog\\)", skip = true },
   { message = "^[cC]hore", group = "<!-- 07 -->Miscellaneous Tasks" },
   { message = "^build\\(deps\\)", skip = true },
+  { message = "^build\\(release\\)", skip = true },
   { message = "^build", group = "<!-- 08 -->Build" },
   { body = ".*security", group = "<!-- 09 -->Security" },
   { message = "^ci", group = "<!-- 10 -->Continuous Integration" },

examples/README.md

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Shows how to use the [tracing](https://crates.io/crates/tracing) crate to log to
 
 ## User Input
 
-Shows how to handle user input. [Source](./apps/user-input/). [Source](./apps/user-input/).
+Shows how to handle user input. [Source](./apps/user-input/).
 
 ![User input demo][user-input.gif]
 

examples/apps/canvas/src/main.rs

@@ -122,8 +122,12 @@ impl App {
             Marker::Dot => Marker::Braille,
             Marker::Braille => Marker::Block,
             Marker::Block => Marker::HalfBlock,
-            Marker::HalfBlock => Marker::Bar,
+            Marker::HalfBlock => Marker::Quadrant,
+            Marker::Quadrant => Marker::Sextant,
+            Marker::Sextant => Marker::Octant,
+            Marker::Octant => Marker::Bar,
             Marker::Bar => Marker::Dot,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
         };
     }
 

examples/apps/input-form/src/main.rs

@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ impl InputForm {
         frame.render_widget(&self.age, age_area);
 
         let cursor_position = match self.focus {
-            Focus::FirstName => first_name_area.offset(self.first_name.cursor_offset()),
-            Focus::LastName => last_name_area.offset(self.last_name.cursor_offset()),
-            Focus::Age => age_area.offset(self.age.cursor_offset()),
+            Focus::FirstName => first_name_area + self.first_name.cursor_offset(),
+            Focus::LastName => last_name_area + self.last_name.cursor_offset(),
+            Focus::Age => age_area + self.age.cursor_offset(),
         };
         frame.set_cursor_position(cursor_position);
     }

examples/vhs/demo2.tape

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ Set Theme "Aardvark Blue"
 # The reason for this strange size is that the social preview image for this
 # demo is 1280x64 with 80 pixels of padding on each side. We want a version
 # without the padding for README.md, etc.
-Set Width 1120
+# Please note that based on the width the demo may wrap and look corrupted.
+Set Width 1160
 Set Height 480
 Set Padding 0
 Hide

ratatui-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui-core"
+version = "0.1.0"
 description = """
     Core types and traits for the Ratatui Terminal UI library.
     Widget libraries should use this crate. Applications should use the main Ratatui crate.
 """
-version = "0.1.0-alpha.6"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-core"
 readme = "README.md"
 authors.workspace = true
-documentation.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
 homepage.workspace = true
 keywords.workspace = true

ratatui-core/src/buffer/buffer.rs

@@ -216,6 +216,9 @@ impl Buffer {
     ///
     /// Global coordinates are offset by the Buffer's area offset (`x`/`y`).
     ///
+    /// Usage discouraged, as it exposes `self.content` as a linearly indexable array, which limits
+    /// potential future abstractions. See <https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1122>.
+    ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```
@@ -269,10 +272,13 @@ impl Buffer {
         Some(y * width + x)
     }
 
-    /// Returns the (global) coordinates of a cell given its index
+    /// Returns the (global) coordinates of a cell given its index.
     ///
     /// Global coordinates are offset by the Buffer's area offset (`x`/`y`).
     ///
+    /// Usage discouraged, as it exposes `self.content` as a linearly indexable array, which limits
+    /// potential future abstractions. See <https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/1122>.
+    ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```

ratatui-core/src/layout.rs

@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ mod direction;
 mod flex;
 mod layout;
 mod margin;
+mod offset;
 mod position;
 mod rect;
 mod size;
@@ -326,6 +327,7 @@ pub use direction::Direction;
 pub use flex::Flex;
 pub use layout::{Layout, Spacing};
 pub use margin::Margin;
+pub use offset::Offset;
 pub use position::Position;
-pub use rect::{Columns, Offset, Positions, Rect, Rows};
+pub use rect::{Columns, Positions, Rect, Rows};
 pub use size::Size;

ratatui-core/src/layout/direction.rs

@@ -12,11 +12,27 @@ use strum::{Display, EnumString};
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Display, EnumString, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum Direction {
+    /// Layout segments are arranged side by side (left to right).
     Horizontal,
+    /// Layout segments are arranged top to bottom (default).
     #[default]
     Vertical,
 }
 
+impl Direction {
+    /// The perpendicular direction to this direction.
+    ///
+    /// `Horizontal` returns `Vertical`, and `Vertical` returns `Horizontal`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use = "returns the perpendicular direction"]
+    pub const fn perpendicular(self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Self::Horizontal => Self::Vertical,
+            Self::Vertical => Self::Horizontal,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use alloc::string::ToString;
@@ -37,4 +53,11 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!("Vertical".parse::<Direction>(), Ok(Direction::Vertical));
         assert_eq!("".parse::<Direction>(), Err(ParseError::VariantNotFound));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn other() {
+        use Direction::*;
+        assert_eq!(Horizontal.perpendicular(), Vertical);
+        assert_eq!(Vertical.perpendicular(), Horizontal);
+    }
 }

ratatui-core/src/layout/offset.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use crate::layout::Position;
+
+/// Amounts by which to move a [`Rect`](crate::layout::Rect).
+///
+/// Positive numbers move to the right/bottom and negative to the left/top.
+///
+/// See [`Rect::offset`](crate::layout::Rect::offset) for usage.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+pub struct Offset {
+    /// How much to move on the X axis
+    pub x: i32,
+
+    /// How much to move on the Y axis
+    pub y: i32,
+}
+
+impl Offset {
+    /// A zero offset
+    pub const ZERO: Self = Self::new(0, 0);
+
+    /// The minimum offset
+    pub const MIN: Self = Self::new(i32::MIN, i32::MIN);
+
+    /// The maximum offset
+    pub const MAX: Self = Self::new(i32::MAX, i32::MAX);
+
+    /// Creates a new `Offset` with the given values.
+    pub const fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Self {
+        Self { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Position> for Offset {
+    fn from(position: Position) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: i32::from(position.x),
+            y: i32::from(position.y),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn new_sets_components() {
+        assert_eq!(Offset::new(-3, 7), Offset { x: -3, y: 7 });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constants_match_expected_values() {
+        assert_eq!(Offset::ZERO, Offset::new(0, 0));
+        assert_eq!(Offset::MIN, Offset::new(i32::MIN, i32::MIN));
+        assert_eq!(Offset::MAX, Offset::new(i32::MAX, i32::MAX));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_position_converts_coordinates() {
+        let position = Position::new(4, 9);
+        let offset = Offset::from(position);
+
+        assert_eq!(offset, Offset::new(4, 9));
+    }
+}

ratatui-core/src/layout/position.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 use core::fmt;
+use core::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Sub, SubAssign};
 
-use crate::layout::Rect;
+use crate::layout::{Offset, Rect};
 
 /// Position in the terminal coordinate system.
 ///
@@ -23,10 +24,18 @@ use crate::layout::Rect;
 /// - [`from(Rect)`](Self::from) - Create from [`Rect`] (uses top-left corner)
 /// - [`into((u16, u16))`] - Convert to `(u16, u16)` tuple
 ///
+/// # Movement
+///
+/// - [`offset`](Self::offset) - Move by an [`Offset`]
+/// - [`Add<Offset>`](core::ops::Add) and [`Sub<Offset>`](core::ops::Sub) - Shift by offsets with
+///   clamping
+/// - [`AddAssign<Offset>`](core::ops::AddAssign) and [`SubAssign<Offset>`](core::ops::SubAssign) -
+///   In-place shifting
+///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```
-/// use ratatui_core::layout::{Position, Rect};
+/// use ratatui_core::layout::{Offset, Position, Rect};
 ///
 /// // the following are all equivalent
 /// let position = Position { x: 1, y: 2 };
@@ -36,6 +45,10 @@ use crate::layout::Rect;
 ///
 /// // position can be converted back into the components when needed
 /// let (x, y) = position.into();
+///
+/// // movement by offsets
+/// let position = Position::new(5, 5) + Offset::new(2, -3);
+/// assert_eq!(position, Position::new(7, 2));
 /// ```
 ///
 /// For comprehensive layout documentation and examples, see the [`layout`](crate::layout) module.
@@ -57,12 +70,27 @@ pub struct Position {
 
 impl Position {
     /// Position at the origin, the top left edge at 0,0
-    pub const ORIGIN: Self = Self { x: 0, y: 0 };
+    pub const ORIGIN: Self = Self::new(0, 0);
+
+    /// Position at the minimum x and y values
+    pub const MIN: Self = Self::ORIGIN;
+
+    /// Position at the maximum x and y values
+    pub const MAX: Self = Self::new(u16::MAX, u16::MAX);
 
     /// Create a new position
     pub const fn new(x: u16, y: u16) -> Self {
         Self { x, y }
     }
+
+    /// Moves the position by the given offset.
+    ///
+    /// Positive offsets move right and down, negative offsets move left and up. Values that would
+    /// move the position outside the `u16` range are clamped to the nearest edge.
+    #[must_use = "method returns the modified value"]
+    pub fn offset(self, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        self + offset
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<(u16, u16)> for Position {
@@ -89,6 +117,68 @@ impl fmt::Display for Position {
     }
 }
 
+impl Add<Offset> for Position {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    /// Moves the position by the given offset.
+    ///
+    /// Values that would move the position outside the `u16` range are clamped to the nearest
+    /// edge.
+    fn add(self, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        let max = i32::from(u16::MAX);
+        let x = i32::from(self.x).saturating_add(offset.x).clamp(0, max) as u16;
+        let y = i32::from(self.y).saturating_add(offset.y).clamp(0, max) as u16;
+        Self { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Add<Position> for Offset {
+    type Output = Position;
+
+    /// Moves the position by the given offset.
+    ///
+    /// Values that would move the position outside the `u16` range are clamped to the nearest
+    /// edge.
+    fn add(self, position: Position) -> Position {
+        position + self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sub<Offset> for Position {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    /// Moves the position by the inverse of the given offset.
+    ///
+    /// Values that would move the position outside the `u16` range are clamped to the nearest
+    /// edge.
+    fn sub(self, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        let max = i32::from(u16::MAX);
+        let x = i32::from(self.x).saturating_sub(offset.x).clamp(0, max) as u16;
+        let y = i32::from(self.y).saturating_sub(offset.y).clamp(0, max) as u16;
+        Self { x, y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AddAssign<Offset> for Position {
+    /// Moves the position in place by the given offset.
+    ///
+    /// Values that would move the position outside the `u16` range are clamped to the nearest
+    /// edge.
+    fn add_assign(&mut self, offset: Offset) {
+        *self = *self + offset;
+    }
+}
+
+impl SubAssign<Offset> for Position {
+    /// Moves the position in place by the inverse of the given offset.
+    ///
+    /// Values that would move the position outside the `u16` range are clamped to the nearest
+    /// edge.
+    fn sub_assign(&mut self, offset: Offset) {
+        *self = *self - offset;
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use alloc::string::ToString;
@@ -98,15 +188,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn new() {
         let position = Position::new(1, 2);
-        assert_eq!(position.x, 1);
-        assert_eq!(position.y, 2);
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position { x: 1, y: 2 });
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn from_tuple() {
         let position = Position::from((1, 2));
-        assert_eq!(position.x, 1);
-        assert_eq!(position.y, 2);
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position { x: 1, y: 2 });
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -121,8 +211,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn from_rect() {
         let rect = Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
         let position = Position::from(rect);
-        assert_eq!(position.x, 1);
-        assert_eq!(position.y, 2);
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position { x: 1, y: 2 });
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -130,4 +220,34 @@ mod tests {
         let position = Position::new(1, 2);
         assert_eq!(position.to_string(), "(1, 2)");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn offset_moves_position() {
+        let position = Position::new(2, 3).offset(Offset::new(5, 7));
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position::new(7, 10));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn offset_clamps_to_bounds() {
+        let position = Position::new(1, 1).offset(Offset::MAX);
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position::MAX);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_and_subtract_offset() {
+        let position = Position::new(10, 10) + Offset::new(-3, 4) - Offset::new(5, 20);
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position::new(2, 0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_assign_and_sub_assign_offset() {
+        let mut position = Position::new(5, 5);
+        position += Offset::new(2, 3);
+        position -= Offset::new(10, 1);
+
+        assert_eq!(position, Position::new(0, 7));
+    }
 }

ratatui-core/src/layout/rect.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ use core::array::TryFromSliceError;
 use core::cmp::{max, min};
 use core::fmt;
 
-use crate::layout::{Margin, Position, Size};
+pub use self::iter::{Columns, Positions, Rows};
+use crate::layout::{Margin, Offset, Position, Size};
 
 mod iter;
-pub use iter::*;
+mod ops;
 
 use super::{Constraint, Flex, Layout};
 
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ use super::{Constraint, Flex, Layout};
 ///
 /// - [`inner`](Self::inner), [`outer`](Self::outer) - Apply margins to shrink or expand
 /// - [`offset`](Self::offset) - Move the rectangle by a relative amount
+/// - [`resize`](Self::resize) - Change the rectangle size while keeping the bottom/right in range
 /// - [`union`](Self::union) - Combine with another rectangle to create a bounding box
 /// - [`intersection`](Self::intersection) - Find the overlapping area with another rectangle
 /// - [`clamp`](Self::clamp) - Constrain the rectangle to fit within another
@@ -66,21 +68,67 @@ use super::{Constraint, Flex, Layout};
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
+/// To create a new `Rect`, use [`Rect::new`]. The size of the `Rect` will be clamped to keep the
+/// right and bottom coordinates within `u16`. Note that this clamping does not occur when creating
+/// a `Rect` directly.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use ratatui_core::layout::Rect;
+///
+/// let rect = Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
+/// assert_eq!(
+///     rect,
+///     Rect {
+///         x: 1,
+///         y: 2,
+///         width: 3,
+///         height: 4
+///     }
+/// );
+/// ```
+///
+/// You can also create a `Rect` from a [`Position`] and a [`Size`].
+///
 /// ```rust
 /// use ratatui_core::layout::{Position, Rect, Size};
 ///
-/// // Create a rectangle manually
-/// let rect = Rect::new(10, 5, 80, 20);
-/// assert_eq!(rect.x, 10);
-/// assert_eq!(rect.y, 5);
-/// assert_eq!(rect.width, 80);
-/// assert_eq!(rect.height, 20);
+/// let position = Position::new(1, 2);
+/// let size = Size::new(3, 4);
+/// let rect = Rect::from((position, size));
+/// assert_eq!(
+///     rect,
+///     Rect {
+///         x: 1,
+///         y: 2,
+///         width: 3,
+///         height: 4
+///     }
+/// );
+/// ```
 ///
-/// // Create from position and size
-/// let rect = Rect::from((Position::new(10, 5), Size::new(80, 20)));
+/// To move a `Rect` without modifying its size, add or subtract an [`Offset`] to it.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use ratatui_core::layout::{Offset, Rect};
+///
+/// let rect = Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
+/// let offset = Offset::new(5, 6);
+/// let moved_rect = rect + offset;
+/// assert_eq!(moved_rect, Rect::new(6, 8, 3, 4));
+/// ```
+///
+/// To resize a `Rect` while ensuring it stays within bounds, use [`Rect::resize`]. The size is
+/// clamped so that `right()` and `bottom()` do not exceed `u16::MAX`.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use ratatui_core::layout::{Rect, Size};
+///
+/// let rect = Rect::new(u16::MAX - 1, u16::MAX - 1, 1, 1).resize(Size::new(10, 10));
+/// assert_eq!(rect, Rect::new(u16::MAX - 1, u16::MAX - 1, 1, 1));
 /// ```
 ///
 /// For comprehensive layout documentation and examples, see the [`layout`](crate::layout) module.
+
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Rect {
@@ -94,30 +142,6 @@ pub struct Rect {
     pub height: u16,
 }
 
-/// Amounts by which to move a [`Rect`](crate::layout::Rect).
-///
-/// Positive numbers move to the right/bottom and negative to the left/top.
-///
-/// See [`Rect::offset`]
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct Offset {
-    /// How much to move on the X axis
-    pub x: i32,
-    /// How much to move on the Y axis
-    pub y: i32,
-}
-
-impl Offset {
-    /// A zero offset
-    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { x: 0, y: 0 };
-
-    /// Creates a new `Offset` with the given values.
-    pub const fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Self {
-        Self { x, y }
-    }
-}
-
 impl fmt::Display for Rect {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{}x{}+{}+{}", self.width, self.height, self.x, self.y)
@@ -133,6 +157,12 @@ impl Rect {
         height: 0,
     };
 
+    /// The minimum possible Rect
+    pub const MIN: Self = Self::ZERO;
+
+    /// The maximum possible Rect
+    pub const MAX: Self = Self::new(0, 0, u16::MAX, u16::MAX);
+
     /// Creates a new `Rect`, with width and height limited to keep both bounds within `u16`.
     ///
     /// If the width or height would cause the right or bottom coordinate to be larger than the
@@ -147,15 +177,8 @@ impl Rect {
     /// let rect = Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
     /// ```
     pub const fn new(x: u16, y: u16, width: u16, height: u16) -> Self {
-        // these calculations avoid using min so that this function can be const
-        let max_width = u16::MAX - x;
-        let max_height = u16::MAX - y;
-        let width = if width > max_width { max_width } else { width };
-        let height = if height > max_height {
-            max_height
-        } else {
-            height
-        };
+        let width = x.saturating_add(width) - x;
+        let height = y.saturating_add(height) - y;
         Self {
             x,
             y,
@@ -260,13 +283,19 @@ impl Rect {
     /// See [`Offset`] for details.
     #[must_use = "method returns the modified value"]
     pub fn offset(self, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        self + offset
+    }
+
+    /// Resizes the `Rect`, clamping to keep the right and bottom within `u16::MAX`.
+    ///
+    /// The position is preserved. If the requested size would push the `Rect` beyond the bounds of
+    /// `u16`, the width or height is reduced so that [`right`](Self::right) and
+    /// [`bottom`](Self::bottom) remain within range.
+    #[must_use = "method returns the modified value"]
+    pub const fn resize(self, size: Size) -> Self {
         Self {
-            x: i32::from(self.x)
-                .saturating_add(offset.x)
-                .clamp(0, i32::from(u16::MAX - self.width)) as u16,
-            y: i32::from(self.y)
-                .saturating_add(offset.y)
-                .clamp(0, i32::from(u16::MAX - self.height)) as u16,
+            width: self.x.saturating_add(size.width).saturating_sub(self.x),
+            height: self.y.saturating_add(size.height).saturating_sub(self.y),
             ..self
         }
     }
@@ -811,6 +840,16 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4).intersects(Rect::new(5, 6, 7, 8)));
     }
 
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::corner(Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 10), Rect::new(10, 10, 20, 20))]
+    #[case::edge(Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 10), Rect::new(10, 0, 20, 10))]
+    #[case::no_intersect(Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 10), Rect::new(11, 11, 20, 20))]
+    #[case::contains(Rect::new(0, 0, 20, 20), Rect::new(5, 5, 10, 10))]
+    fn mutual_intersect(#[case] rect0: Rect, #[case] rect1: Rect) {
+        assert_eq!(rect0.intersection(rect1), rect1.intersection(rect0));
+        assert_eq!(rect0.intersects(rect1), rect1.intersects(rect0));
+    }
+
     // the bounds of this rect are x: [1..=3], y: [2..=5]
     #[rstest]
     #[case::inside_top_left(Rect::new(1, 2, 3, 4), Position { x: 1, y: 2 }, true)]
@@ -857,6 +896,18 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn resize_updates_size() {
+        let rect = Rect::new(10, 20, 5, 5).resize(Size::new(30, 40));
+        assert_eq!(rect, Rect::new(10, 20, 30, 40));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resize_clamps_at_bounds() {
+        let rect = Rect::new(u16::MAX - 2, u16::MAX - 3, 1, 1).resize(Size::new(10, 10));
+        assert_eq!(rect, Rect::new(u16::MAX - 2, u16::MAX - 3, 2, 3));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn can_be_const() {
         const RECT: Rect = Rect {

ratatui-core/src/layout/rect/ops.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+use core::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
+
+use super::{Offset, Rect};
+
+impl Neg for Offset {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    /// Negates the offset.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the negated value overflows (i.e. `x` or `y` is `i32::MIN`).
+    fn neg(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: self.x.neg(),
+            y: self.y.neg(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Add<Offset> for Rect {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    /// Moves the rect by an offset without changing its size.
+    ///
+    /// If the offset would move the any of the rect's edges outside the bounds of `u16`, the
+    /// rect's position is clamped to the nearest edge.
+    fn add(self, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        let max_x = i32::from(u16::MAX - self.width);
+        let max_y = i32::from(u16::MAX - self.height);
+        let x = i32::from(self.x).saturating_add(offset.x).clamp(0, max_x) as u16;
+        let y = i32::from(self.y).saturating_add(offset.y).clamp(0, max_y) as u16;
+        Self { x, y, ..self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Add<Rect> for Offset {
+    type Output = Rect;
+
+    /// Moves the rect by an offset without changing its size.
+    ///
+    /// If the offset would move the any of the rect's edges outside the bounds of `u16`, the
+    /// rect's position is clamped to the nearest edge.
+    fn add(self, rect: Rect) -> Rect {
+        rect + self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sub<Offset> for Rect {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    /// Subtracts an offset from the rect without changing its size.
+    ///
+    /// If the offset would move the any of the rect's edges outside the bounds of `u16`, the
+    /// rect's position is clamped to the nearest
+    fn sub(self, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        // Note this cannot be simplified to `self + -offset` because `Offset::MIN` would overflow
+        let max_x = i32::from(u16::MAX - self.width);
+        let max_y = i32::from(u16::MAX - self.height);
+        let x = i32::from(self.x).saturating_sub(offset.x).clamp(0, max_x) as u16;
+        let y = i32::from(self.y).saturating_sub(offset.y).clamp(0, max_y) as u16;
+        Self { x, y, ..self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AddAssign<Offset> for Rect {
+    /// Moves the rect by an offset in place without changing its size.
+    ///
+    /// If the offset would move the any of the rect's edges outside the bounds of `u16`, the
+    /// rect's position is clamped to the nearest edge.
+    fn add_assign(&mut self, offset: Offset) {
+        *self = *self + offset;
+    }
+}
+
+impl SubAssign<Offset> for Rect {
+    /// Moves the rect by an offset in place without changing its size.
+    ///
+    /// If the offset would move the any of the rect's edges outside the bounds of `u16`, the
+    /// rect's position is clamped to the nearest edge.
+    fn sub_assign(&mut self, offset: Offset) {
+        *self = *self - offset;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use rstest::rstest;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::ZERO, Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(1, 2), Rect::new(4, 6, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(-1, -2), Rect::new(2, 2, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::MIN, Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::MAX, Rect::new(u16::MAX- 5, u16::MAX - 6, 5, 6))]
+    fn add_offset(#[case] rect: Rect, #[case] offset: Offset, #[case] expected: Rect) {
+        assert_eq!(rect + offset, expected);
+        assert_eq!(offset + rect, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::ZERO, Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(1, 2), Rect::new(2, 2, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(-1, -2), Rect::new(4, 6, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::MAX, Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), -Offset::MAX, Rect::new(u16::MAX - 5, u16::MAX - 6, 5, 6))]
+    fn sub_offset(#[case] rect: Rect, #[case] offset: Offset, #[case] expected: Rect) {
+        assert_eq!(rect - offset, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::ZERO, Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(1, 2), Rect::new(4, 6, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(-1, -2), Rect::new(2, 2, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::MIN, Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::MAX, Rect::new(u16::MAX - 5, u16::MAX - 6, 5, 6))]
+    fn add_assign_offset(#[case] rect: Rect, #[case] offset: Offset, #[case] expected: Rect) {
+        let mut rect = rect;
+        rect += offset;
+        assert_eq!(rect, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::ZERO, Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(1, 2), Rect::new(2, 2, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::new(-1, -2), Rect::new(4, 6, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_negative(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), Offset::MAX, Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 6))]
+    #[case::saturate_positive(Rect::new(3, 4, 5, 6), -Offset::MAX, Rect::new(u16::MAX - 5, u16::MAX - 6, 5, 6))]
+    fn sub_assign_offset(#[case] rect: Rect, #[case] offset: Offset, #[case] expected: Rect) {
+        let mut rect = rect;
+        rect -= offset;
+        assert_eq!(rect, expected);
+    }
+}

ratatui-core/src/layout/size.rs

@@ -24,14 +24,20 @@ use crate::layout::Rect;
 /// - [`from(Rect)`](Self::from) - Create from [`Rect`] (uses width and height)
 /// - [`into((u16, u16))`] - Convert to `(u16, u16)` tuple
 ///
+/// # Computation
+///
+/// - [`area`](Self::area) - Compute the total number of cells covered by the size
+///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// use ratatui_core::layout::{Rect, Size};
 ///
 /// let size = Size::new(80, 24);
+/// assert_eq!(size.area(), 1920);
 /// let size = Size::from((80, 24));
 /// let size = Size::from(Rect::new(0, 0, 80, 24));
+/// assert_eq!(size.area(), 1920);
 /// ```
 ///
 /// For comprehensive layout documentation and examples, see the [`layout`](crate::layout) module.
@@ -48,10 +54,24 @@ impl Size {
     /// A zero sized Size
     pub const ZERO: Self = Self::new(0, 0);
 
+    /// The minimum possible Size
+    pub const MIN: Self = Self::ZERO;
+
+    /// The maximum possible Size
+    pub const MAX: Self = Self::new(u16::MAX, u16::MAX);
+
     /// Create a new `Size` struct
     pub const fn new(width: u16, height: u16) -> Self {
         Self { width, height }
     }
+
+    /// Compute the total area of the size as a `u32`.
+    ///
+    /// The multiplication uses `u32` to avoid overflow when the width and height are at their
+    /// `u16` maximum values.
+    pub const fn area(self) -> u32 {
+        self.width as u32 * self.height as u32
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<(u16, u16)> for Size {
@@ -60,6 +80,12 @@ impl From<(u16, u16)> for Size {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Size> for (u16, u16) {
+    fn from(size: Size) -> Self {
+        (size.width, size.height)
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Rect> for Size {
     fn from(rect: Rect) -> Self {
         rect.as_size()
@@ -92,6 +118,14 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(size.height, 20);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn to_tuple() {
+        let size = Size::from((10, 20));
+        let (width, height) = size.into();
+        assert_eq!(size.width, width);
+        assert_eq!(size.height, height);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn from_rect() {
         let size = Size::from(Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 20));
@@ -103,4 +137,11 @@ mod tests {
     fn display() {
         assert_eq!(Size::new(10, 20).to_string(), "10x20");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn area() {
+        assert_eq!(Size::new(10, 20).area(), 200);
+        assert_eq!(Size::new(0, 0).area(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(Size::new(u16::MAX, u16::MAX).area(), 4_294_836_225_u32);
+    }
 }

ratatui-core/src/style.rs

@@ -250,17 +250,41 @@ pub struct Style {
     /// The modifiers to add.
     #[cfg_attr(
         feature = "serde",
-        serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Modifier::is_empty")
+        serde(
+            default,
+            skip_serializing_if = "Modifier::is_empty",
+            deserialize_with = "deserialize_modifier"
+        )
     )]
     pub add_modifier: Modifier,
     /// The modifiers to remove.
     #[cfg_attr(
         feature = "serde",
-        serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Modifier::is_empty")
+        serde(
+            default,
+            skip_serializing_if = "Modifier::is_empty",
+            deserialize_with = "deserialize_modifier"
+        )
     )]
     pub sub_modifier: Modifier,
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+/// Deserialize a [`Modifier`] while treating missing or `null` values as empty.
+///
+/// This helper is used with serde to coerce absent or `null` modifier fields to
+/// [`Modifier::empty`], allowing configuration files to omit these fields
+/// without triggering deserialization errors.
+fn deserialize_modifier<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Modifier, D::Error>
+where
+    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+    use serde::Deserialize;
+
+    Option::<Modifier>::deserialize(deserializer)
+        .map(|modifier| modifier.unwrap_or_else(Modifier::empty))
+}
+
 /// A custom debug implementation that prints only the fields that are not the default, and unwraps
 /// the `Option`s.
 impl fmt::Debug for Style {
@@ -409,6 +433,22 @@ impl Style {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the style has the given modifier set.
+    ///
+    /// ## Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use ratatui_core::style::{Modifier, Style};
+    ///
+    /// let style = Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC);
+    /// assert!(style.has_modifier(Modifier::BOLD));
+    /// assert!(style.has_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC));
+    /// assert!(!style.has_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED));
+    /// ```
+    pub const fn has_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> bool {
+        self.add_modifier.contains(modifier) && !self.sub_modifier.contains(modifier)
+    }
+
     /// Results in a combined style that is equivalent to applying the two individual styles to
     /// a style one after the other.
     ///
@@ -788,6 +828,28 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(ALL, ALL_SHORT);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn has_modifier_checks() {
+        // basic presence
+        let style = Style::new().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC);
+        assert!(style.has_modifier(Modifier::BOLD));
+        assert!(style.has_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC));
+        assert!(!style.has_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED));
+
+        // removal prevents the modifier from being reported as present
+        let style = Style::new()
+            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC)
+            .remove_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC);
+        assert!(style.has_modifier(Modifier::BOLD));
+        assert!(!style.has_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC));
+
+        // patching with a style that removes a modifier clears it
+        let style = Style::new().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC);
+        let patched = style.patch(Style::new().remove_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC));
+        assert!(patched.has_modifier(Modifier::BOLD));
+        assert!(!patched.has_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC));
+    }
+
     #[rstest]
     #[case(Style::new().black(), Color::Black)]
     #[case(Style::new().red(), Color::Red)]
@@ -989,4 +1051,19 @@ mod tests {
         let deserialized: Style = serde_json::from_str(&json_str).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(deserialized, style);
     }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_null_modifiers() {
+        let json_value = serde_json::json!({
+            "add_modifier": serde_json::Value::Null,
+            "sub_modifier": serde_json::Value::Null
+        });
+        let json_str = serde_json::to_string(&json_value).unwrap();
+
+        let style: Style = serde_json::from_str(&json_str).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(style.add_modifier.is_empty());
+        assert!(style.sub_modifier.is_empty());
+    }
 }

ratatui-core/src/symbols.rs

@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ pub mod half_block;
 pub mod line;
 pub mod marker;
 pub mod merge;
+pub mod pixel;
 pub mod scrollbar;
 pub mod shade;

ratatui-core/src/symbols/braille.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,21 @@
-pub const BLANK: u16 = 0x2800;
-pub const DOTS: [[u16; 2]; 4] = [
-    [0x0001, 0x0008],
-    [0x0002, 0x0010],
-    [0x0004, 0x0020],
-    [0x0040, 0x0080],
+//! Braille symbols.
+//!
+//! Note that the symbols are not listed according to their unicode codepoint but according to the
+//! corresponding bit pattern in row-major order.
+
+pub const BRAILLE: [char; 256] = [
+    '⠀', '⠁', '⠈', '⠉', '⠂', '⠃', '⠊', '⠋', '⠐', '⠑', '⠘', '⠙', '⠒', '⠓', '⠚', '⠛', '⠄', '⠅', '⠌',
+    '⠍', '⠆', '⠇', '⠎', '⠏', '⠔', '⠕', '⠜', '⠝', '⠖', '⠗', '⠞', '⠟', '⠠', '⠡', '⠨', '⠩', '⠢', '⠣',
+    '⠪', '⠫', '⠰', '⠱', '⠸', '⠹', '⠲', '⠳', '⠺', '⠻', '⠤', '⠥', '⠬', '⠭', '⠦', '⠧', '⠮', '⠯', '⠴',
+    '⠵', '⠼', '⠽', '⠶', '⠷', '⠾', '⠿', '⡀', '⡁', '⡈', '⡉', '⡂', '⡃', '⡊', '⡋', '⡐', '⡑', '⡘', '⡙',
+    '⡒', '⡓', '⡚', '⡛', '⡄', '⡅', '⡌', '⡍', '⡆', '⡇', '⡎', '⡏', '⡔', '⡕', '⡜', '⡝', '⡖', '⡗', '⡞',
+    '⡟', '⡠', '⡡', '⡨', '⡩', '⡢', '⡣', '⡪', '⡫', '⡰', '⡱', '⡸', '⡹', '⡲', '⡳', '⡺', '⡻', '⡤', '⡥',
+    '⡬', '⡭', '⡦', '⡧', '⡮', '⡯', '⡴', '⡵', '⡼', '⡽', '⡶', '⡷', '⡾', '⡿', '⢀', '⢁', '⢈', '⢉', '⢂',
+    '⢃', '⢊', '⢋', '⢐', '⢑', '⢘', '⢙', '⢒', '⢓', '⢚', '⢛', '⢄', '⢅', '⢌', '⢍', '⢆', '⢇', '⢎', '⢏',
+    '⢔', '⢕', '⢜', '⢝', '⢖', '⢗', '⢞', '⢟', '⢠', '⢡', '⢨', '⢩', '⢢', '⢣', '⢪', '⢫', '⢰', '⢱', '⢸',
+    '⢹', '⢲', '⢳', '⢺', '⢻', '⢤', '⢥', '⢬', '⢭', '⢦', '⢧', '⢮', '⢯', '⢴', '⢵', '⢼', '⢽', '⢶', '⢷',
+    '⢾', '⢿', '⣀', '⣁', '⣈', '⣉', '⣂', '⣃', '⣊', '⣋', '⣐', '⣑', '⣘', '⣙', '⣒', '⣓', '⣚', '⣛', '⣄',
+    '⣅', '⣌', '⣍', '⣆', '⣇', '⣎', '⣏', '⣔', '⣕', '⣜', '⣝', '⣖', '⣗', '⣞', '⣟', '⣠', '⣡', '⣨', '⣩',
+    '⣢', '⣣', '⣪', '⣫', '⣰', '⣱', '⣸', '⣹', '⣲', '⣳', '⣺', '⣻', '⣤', '⣥', '⣬', '⣭', '⣦', '⣧', '⣮',
+    '⣯', '⣴', '⣵', '⣼', '⣽', '⣶', '⣷', '⣾', '⣿',
 ];

ratatui-core/src/symbols/marker.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ pub const DOT: &str = "•";
 
 /// Marker to use when plotting data points
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Display, EnumString, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum Marker {
     /// One point per cell in shape of dot (`•`)
     #[default]
@@ -25,6 +26,33 @@ pub enum Marker {
     /// a grid that is double the resolution of the terminal. Because each terminal cell is
     /// generally about twice as tall as it is wide, this allows for a square grid of pixels.
     HalfBlock,
+    /// Use quadrant characters to represent data points.
+    ///
+    /// Quadrant characters display densely packed and regularly spaced pseudo-pixels with a 2x2
+    /// resolution per character, without visible bands between cells.
+    Quadrant,
+    /// Use sextant characters from the [Unicode Symbols for Legacy Computing
+    /// Supplement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement) to
+    /// represent data points.
+    ///
+    /// Sextant characters display densely packed and regularly spaced pseudo-pixels with a 2x3
+    /// resolution per character, without visible bands between cells.
+    ///
+    /// Note: the Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement block is a relatively recent addition to
+    /// unicode that is less broadly supported than Braille dots. If your terminal does not support
+    /// this, you will see unicode replacement characters (`<60>`) instead of sextants (`🬌`, `🬲`, `🬑`).
+    Sextant,
+    /// Use octant characters from the [Unicode Symbols for Legacy Computing
+    /// Supplement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement) to
+    /// represent data points.
+    ///
+    /// Octant characters have the same 2x4 resolution as Braille characters but display densely
+    /// packed and regularly spaced pseudo-pixels, without visible bands between cells.
+    ///
+    /// Note: the Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement block is a relatively recent addition to
+    /// unicode that is less broadly supported than Braille dots. If your terminal does not support
+    /// this, you will see unicode replacement characters (`<60>`) instead of octants (`𜴇`, `𜷀`, `𜴷`).
+    Octant,
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

ratatui-core/src/symbols/pixel.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//! Pseudo-pixel symbols: quadrant, sextant and octant characters.
+//!
+//! Note that the symbols are not listed according to their unicode codepoint but according to the
+//! corresponding bit pattern in row-major order.
+
+pub const QUADRANTS: [char; 16] = [
+    ' ', '▘', '▝', '▀', '▖', '▌', '▞', '▛', '▗', '▚', '▐', '▜', '▄', '▙', '▟', '█',
+];
+pub const SEXTANTS: [char; 64] = [
+    ' ', '🬀', '🬁', '🬂', '🬃', '🬄', '🬅', '🬆', '🬇', '🬈', '🬉', '🬊', '🬋', '🬌', '🬍', '🬎', '🬏', '🬐', '🬑',
+    '🬒', '🬓', '▌', '🬔', '🬕', '🬖', '🬗', '🬘', '🬙', '🬚', '🬛', '🬜', '🬝', '🬞', '🬟', '🬠', '🬡', '🬢', '🬣',
+    '🬤', '🬥', '🬦', '🬧', '▐', '🬨', '🬩', '🬪', '🬫', '🬬', '🬭', '🬮', '🬯', '🬰', '🬱', '🬲', '🬳', '🬴', '🬵',
+    '🬶', '🬷', '🬸', '🬹', '🬺', '🬻', '█',
+];
+pub const OCTANTS: [char; 256] = [
+    ' ', '𜺨', '𜺫', '🮂', '𜴀', '▘', '𜴁', '𜴂', '𜴃', '𜴄', '▝', '𜴅', '𜴆', '𜴇', '𜴈', '▀', '𜴉', '𜴊', '𜴋',
+    '𜴌', '🯦', '𜴍', '𜴎', '𜴏', '𜴐', '𜴑', '𜴒', '𜴓', '𜴔', '𜴕', '𜴖', '𜴗', '𜴘', '𜴙', '𜴚', '𜴛', '𜴜', '𜴝',
+    '𜴞', '𜴟', '🯧', '𜴠', '𜴡', '𜴢', '𜴣', '𜴤', '𜴥', '𜴦', '𜴧', '𜴨', '𜴩', '𜴪', '𜴫', '𜴬', '𜴭', '𜴮', '𜴯',
+    '𜴰', '𜴱', '𜴲', '𜴳', '𜴴', '𜴵', '🮅', '𜺣', '𜴶', '𜴷', '𜴸', '𜴹', '𜴺', '𜴻', '𜴼', '𜴽', '𜴾', '𜴿', '𜵀',
+    '𜵁', '𜵂', '𜵃', '𜵄', '▖', '𜵅', '𜵆', '𜵇', '𜵈', '▌', '𜵉', '𜵊', '𜵋', '𜵌', '▞', '𜵍', '𜵎', '𜵏', '𜵐',
+    '▛', '𜵑', '𜵒', '𜵓', '𜵔', '𜵕', '𜵖', '𜵗', '𜵘', '𜵙', '𜵚', '𜵛', '𜵜', '𜵝', '𜵞', '𜵟', '𜵠', '𜵡', '𜵢',
+    '𜵣', '𜵤', '𜵥', '𜵦', '𜵧', '𜵨', '𜵩', '𜵪', '𜵫', '𜵬', '𜵭', '𜵮', '𜵯', '𜵰', '𜺠', '𜵱', '𜵲', '𜵳', '𜵴',
+    '𜵵', '𜵶', '𜵷', '𜵸', '𜵹', '𜵺', '𜵻', '𜵼', '𜵽', '𜵾', '𜵿', '𜶀', '𜶁', '𜶂', '𜶃', '𜶄', '𜶅', '𜶆', '𜶇',
+    '𜶈', '𜶉', '𜶊', '𜶋', '𜶌', '𜶍', '𜶎', '𜶏', '▗', '𜶐', '𜶑', '𜶒', '𜶓', '▚', '𜶔', '𜶕', '𜶖', '𜶗', '▐',
+    '𜶘', '𜶙', '𜶚', '𜶛', '▜', '𜶜', '𜶝', '𜶞', '𜶟', '𜶠', '𜶡', '𜶢', '𜶣', '𜶤', '𜶥', '𜶦', '𜶧', '𜶨', '𜶩',
+    '𜶪', '𜶫', '▂', '𜶬', '𜶭', '𜶮', '𜶯', '𜶰', '𜶱', '𜶲', '𜶳', '𜶴', '𜶵', '𜶶', '𜶷', '𜶸', '𜶹', '𜶺', '𜶻',
+    '𜶼', '𜶽', '𜶾', '𜶿', '𜷀', '𜷁', '𜷂', '𜷃', '𜷄', '𜷅', '𜷆', '𜷇', '𜷈', '𜷉', '𜷊', '𜷋', '𜷌', '𜷍', '𜷎',
+    '𜷏', '𜷐', '𜷑', '𜷒', '𜷓', '𜷔', '𜷕', '𜷖', '𜷗', '𜷘', '𜷙', '𜷚', '▄', '𜷛', '𜷜', '𜷝', '𜷞', '▙', '𜷟',
+    '𜷠', '𜷡', '𜷢', '▟', '𜷣', '▆', '𜷤', '𜷥', '█',
+];

ratatui-core/tests/rect.rs

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn outer() {
 #[test]
 fn offset() {
     let base = Rect::new(2, 2, 5, 3);
-    let moved = base.offset(Offset { x: 4, y: 2 });
+    let moved = base + Offset::new(4, 2);
 
     let mut buf = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 15, 10));
     Filled { symbol: "░" }.render(base, &mut buf);

ratatui-crossterm/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui-crossterm"
-version = "0.1.0-alpha.5"
+version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Crossterm backend for the Ratatui Terminal UI library."
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-crossterm/"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-crossterm"
 readme = "README.md"
 authors.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true

ratatui-macros/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 # Changelog
 
-All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+See the [top-level changelog](../CHANGELOG.md) for the latest changes.
 
-The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
-and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+This file is obsolete as of 0.30.0 release. [\*](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/1652)
 
 ## [0.6.0](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui-macros/compare/v0.5.0...v0.6.0) - 2024-10-21
 

ratatui-macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui-macros"
-version = "0.7.0-alpha.4"
+version = "0.7.0"
+description = "Macros for Ratatui"
 edition.workspace = true
 authors = ["The Ratatui Developers"]
-description = "Macros for Ratatui"
 license = "MIT"
 repository = "https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-macros"

ratatui-termion/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui-termion"
-version = "0.1.0-alpha.5"
+version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Termion backend for the Ratatui Terminal UI library."
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-termion/"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-termion"
 readme = "README.md"
 authors.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true

ratatui-termwiz/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui-termwiz"
-version = "0.1.0-alpha.5"
+version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Termwiz backend for the Ratatui Terminal UI library."
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-termwiz/"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-termwiz"
 readme = "README.md"
 authors.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true

ratatui-widgets/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui-widgets"
-description = "A collection of Ratatui widgets for building terminal user interfaces using Ratatui."
 # Note that this started at 0.3.0 as there was a previous crate using the name `ratatui-widgets`.
 # <https://github.com/joshka/ratatui-widgets/issues/46>
-version = "0.3.0-alpha.5"
+version = "0.3.0"
+description = "A collection of Ratatui widgets for building terminal user interfaces using Ratatui."
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/ratatui-widgets"
 readme = "README.md"
 authors.workspace = true
-documentation.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
 homepage.workspace = true
 keywords.workspace = true
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
-cargo-args = ["-Zunstable-options", "-Zrustdoc-scrape-examples"]
 rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
 [features]
@@ -73,8 +72,3 @@ rstest.workspace = true
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
-
-# Adding a single example is enough for activating rustdoc-scrape-examples
-[[example]]
-name = "barchart"
-doc-scrape-examples = true

ratatui-widgets/examples/tabs.rs

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ fn render(frame: &mut Frame, selected_tab: usize) {
     frame.render_widget(title.centered(), top);
 
     render_content(frame, main, selected_tab);
-    render_tabs(frame, main.offset(Offset { x: 1, y: 0 }), selected_tab);
+    render_tabs(frame, main + Offset::new(1, 0), selected_tab);
 }
 
 /// Render the tabs.

ratatui-widgets/src/block.rs

@@ -1951,18 +1951,18 @@ mod tests {
         let mut offset = Offset::ZERO;
         for (border_type_1, border_type_2) in iproduct!(border_types, border_types) {
             let title = format!("{border_type_1} + {border_type_2}");
-            let title_area = Rect::new(0, 0, 43, 1).offset(offset);
+            let title_area = Rect::new(0, 0, 43, 1) + offset;
             title.render(title_area, &mut buffer);
             offset.y += 1;
             for (rect_1, rect_2) in rects {
                 Block::bordered()
                     .border_type(border_type_1)
                     .merge_borders(strategy)
-                    .render(rect_1.offset(offset), &mut buffer);
+                    .render(rect_1 + offset, &mut buffer);
                 Block::bordered()
                     .border_type(border_type_2)
                     .merge_borders(strategy)
-                    .render(rect_2.offset(offset), &mut buffer);
+                    .render(rect_2 + offset, &mut buffer);
             }
             offset.y += 9;
         }

ratatui-widgets/src/calendar.rs

@@ -104,6 +104,36 @@ impl<'a, DS: DateStyler> Monthly<'a, DS> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Return the width required to render the calendar.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn width(&self) -> u16 {
+        const DAYS_PER_WEEK: u16 = 7;
+        const GUTTER_WIDTH: u16 = 1;
+        const DAY_WIDTH: u16 = 2;
+
+        let mut width = DAYS_PER_WEEK * (GUTTER_WIDTH + DAY_WIDTH);
+        if let Some(block) = &self.block {
+            let (left, right) = block.horizontal_space();
+            width = width.saturating_add(left).saturating_add(right);
+        }
+        width
+    }
+
+    /// Return the height required to render the calendar.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn height(&self) -> u16 {
+        let mut height = u16::from(sunday_based_weeks(self.display_date))
+            .saturating_add(u16::from(self.show_month.is_some()))
+            .saturating_add(u16::from(self.show_weekday.is_some()));
+
+        if let Some(block) = &self.block {
+            let (top, bottom) = block.vertical_space();
+            height = height.saturating_add(top).saturating_add(bottom);
+        }
+
+        height
+    }
+
     /// Return a style with only the background from the default style
     const fn default_bg(&self) -> Style {
         match self.default_style.bg {
@@ -200,6 +230,22 @@ impl<DS: DateStyler> Monthly<'_, DS> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Compute how many Sunday-based week rows are needed to render `display_date`.
+///
+/// Mirrors the rendering logic by taking the difference between the first and last day
+/// Sunday-based week numbers (inclusive).
+fn sunday_based_weeks(display_date: Date) -> u8 {
+    let first_of_month = display_date
+        .replace_day(1)
+        .expect("valid first day of month");
+    let last_of_month = first_of_month
+        .replace_day(first_of_month.month().length(first_of_month.year()))
+        .expect("valid last of month");
+    let first_week = first_of_month.sunday_based_week();
+    let last_week = last_of_month.sunday_based_week();
+    last_week.saturating_sub(first_week) + 1
+}
+
 /// Provides a method for styling a given date. [Monthly] is generic on this trait, so any type
 /// that implements this trait can be used.
 pub trait DateStyler {
@@ -268,10 +314,11 @@ impl Default for CalendarEventStore {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use ratatui_core::style::Color;
+    use ratatui_core::style::{Color, Style};
     use time::Month;
 
     use super::*;
+    use crate::block::{Block, Padding};
 
     #[test]
     fn event_store() {
@@ -325,4 +372,87 @@ mod tests {
         // This should not panic, even if the buffer has zero size.
         calendar.render(buffer.area, &mut buffer);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn calendar_width_reflects_grid_layout() {
+        let date = Date::from_calendar_date(2023, Month::January, 1).unwrap();
+        let calendar = Monthly::new(date, CalendarEventStore::default());
+        assert_eq!(calendar.width(), 21);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn calendar_height_counts_weeks_and_headers() {
+        let date = Date::from_calendar_date(2015, Month::February, 1).unwrap();
+        let base_calendar = Monthly::new(date, CalendarEventStore::default());
+        assert_eq!(base_calendar.height(), 4);
+
+        let decorated_calendar = Monthly::new(date, CalendarEventStore::default())
+            .show_month_header(Style::default())
+            .show_weekdays_header(Style::default());
+        assert_eq!(decorated_calendar.height(), 6);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn calendar_dimensions_examples() {
+        // Feb 2015 starts Sunday and spans 4 rows.
+        let feb_2015 = Date::from_calendar_date(2015, Month::February, 1).unwrap();
+        let cal = Monthly::new(feb_2015, CalendarEventStore::default());
+        assert_eq!(cal.width(), 21, "4w base width");
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 4, "Feb 2015 rows");
+
+        let cal = Monthly::new(feb_2015, CalendarEventStore::default())
+            .show_month_header(Style::default())
+            .show_weekdays_header(Style::default());
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 6, "Headers add 2 rows");
+
+        let block = Block::bordered().padding(Padding::new(2, 3, 1, 2));
+        let cal = Monthly::new(feb_2015, CalendarEventStore::default()).block(block);
+        assert_eq!(cal.width(), 28, "Padding widens width");
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 9, "Padding grows height");
+
+        // Feb 2024 starts Thursday and spans 5 rows.
+        let feb_2024 = Date::from_calendar_date(2024, Month::February, 1).unwrap();
+        let cal = Monthly::new(feb_2024, CalendarEventStore::default());
+        assert_eq!(cal.width(), 21, "5w base width");
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 5, "Feb 2024 rows");
+
+        let cal = Monthly::new(feb_2024, CalendarEventStore::default())
+            .show_month_header(Style::default())
+            .show_weekdays_header(Style::default());
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 7, "Headers add 2 rows (5w)");
+
+        let cal = Monthly::new(feb_2024, CalendarEventStore::default()).block(Block::bordered());
+        assert_eq!(cal.width(), 23, "Border adds 2 cols");
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 7, "Border adds 2 rows");
+
+        // Apr 2023 starts Saturday and spans 6 rows.
+        let apr_2023 = Date::from_calendar_date(2023, Month::April, 1).unwrap();
+        let cal = Monthly::new(apr_2023, CalendarEventStore::default());
+        assert_eq!(cal.width(), 21, "6w base width");
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 6, "Apr 2023 rows");
+
+        let cal = Monthly::new(apr_2023, CalendarEventStore::default())
+            .show_month_header(Style::default())
+            .show_weekdays_header(Style::default());
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 8, "Headers add 2 rows (6w)");
+
+        let block = Block::bordered().padding(Padding::symmetric(1, 1));
+        let cal = Monthly::new(apr_2023, CalendarEventStore::default()).block(block);
+        assert_eq!(cal.width(), 25, "Symmetric padding width");
+        assert_eq!(cal.height(), 10, "Symmetric padding height");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sunday_based_weeks_shapes() {
+        let sunday_start =
+            Date::from_calendar_date(2015, Month::February, 11).expect("valid test date");
+        let saturday_start =
+            Date::from_calendar_date(2023, Month::April, 9).expect("valid test date");
+        let leap_year =
+            Date::from_calendar_date(2024, Month::February, 29).expect("valid test date");
+
+        assert_eq!(sunday_based_weeks(sunday_start), 4);
+        assert_eq!(sunday_based_weeks(saturday_start), 6);
+        assert_eq!(sunday_based_weeks(leap_year), 5);
+    }
 }

ratatui-widgets/src/canvas.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 //! You can also implement your own custom [`Shape`]s.
 
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use alloc::string::String;
 use alloc::vec;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use core::fmt;
@@ -24,6 +23,8 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use ratatui_core::buffer::Buffer;
 use ratatui_core::layout::Rect;
 use ratatui_core::style::{Color, Style};
+use ratatui_core::symbols::braille::BRAILLE;
+use ratatui_core::symbols::pixel::{OCTANTS, QUADRANTS, SEXTANTS};
 use ratatui_core::symbols::{self, Marker};
 use ratatui_core::text::Line as TextLine;
 use ratatui_core::widgets::Widget;
@@ -69,11 +70,20 @@ pub struct Label<'a> {
 /// multiple shapes on the canvas in specific order.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct Layer {
-    // A string of characters representing the grid. This will be wrapped to the width of the grid
-    // when rendering
-    string: String,
-    // Colors for foreground and background of each cell
-    colors: Vec<(Color, Color)>,
+    contents: Vec<LayerCell>,
+}
+
+/// A cell within a layer.
+///
+/// If a [`Context`] contains multiple layers, then the symbol, foreground, and background colors
+/// for a character will be determined by the top-most layer that provides a value for that
+/// character. For example, a chart drawn with [`Marker::Block`] may provide the background color,
+/// and a later chart drawn with [`Marker::Braille`] may provide the symbol and foreground color.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct LayerCell {
+    symbol: Option<char>,
+    fg: Option<Color>,
+    bg: Option<Color>,
 }
 
 /// A grid of cells that can be painted on.
@@ -100,73 +110,111 @@ trait Grid: fmt::Debug {
     fn reset(&mut self);
 }
 
-/// The `BrailleGrid` is a grid made up of cells each containing a Braille pattern.
+/// The pattern and color of a `PatternGrid` cell.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
+struct PatternCell {
+    /// The pattern of a grid character.
+    ///
+    /// The pattern is stored in the lower bits in a row-major order. For instance, for a 2x4
+    /// pattern marker, bits 0 to 7 of this field should represent the following pseudo-pixels:
+    ///
+    /// | 0 1 |
+    /// | 2 3 |
+    /// | 4 5 |
+    /// | 6 7 |
+    pattern: u8,
+    /// The color of a cell only supports foreground colors for now as there's no way to
+    /// individually set the background color of each pseudo-pixel in a pattern character.
+    color: Option<Color>,
+}
+
+/// The `PatternGrid` is a grid made up of cells each containing a `W`x`H` pattern character.
 ///
-/// This makes it possible to draw shapes with a resolution of 2x4 dots per cell. This is useful
-/// when you want to draw shapes with a high resolution. Font support for Braille patterns is
-/// required to see the dots. If your terminal or font does not support this unicode block, you
-/// will see unicode replacement characters (<28>) instead of braille dots.
+/// This makes it possible to draw shapes with a resolution of e.g. 2x4 (Braille or unicode octant)
+/// per cell.
+/// Font support for the relevant pattern character is required. If your terminal or font does not
+/// support the relevant unicode block, you will see unicode replacement characters (<28>) instead.
 ///
-/// This grid type only supports a single foreground color for each 2x4 dots cell. There is no way
-/// to set the individual color of each dot in the braille pattern.
+/// This grid type only supports a single foreground color for each `W`x`H` pattern character.
+/// There is no way to set the individual color of each pseudo-pixel.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-struct BrailleGrid {
+struct PatternGrid<const W: usize, const H: usize> {
     /// Width of the grid in number of terminal columns
     width: u16,
     /// Height of the grid in number of terminal rows
     height: u16,
-    /// Represents the unicode braille patterns. Will take a value between `0x2800` and `0x28FF`
-    /// this is converted to an utf16 string when converting to a layer. See
-    /// <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Patterns> for more info.
-    utf16_code_points: Vec<u16>,
-    /// The color of each cell only supports foreground colors for now as there's no way to
-    /// individually set the background color of each dot in the braille pattern.
-    colors: Vec<Color>,
+    /// Pattern and color of the cells.
+    cells: Vec<PatternCell>,
+    /// Lookup table mapping patterns to characters.
+    char_table: &'static [char],
 }
 
-impl BrailleGrid {
-    /// Create a new `BrailleGrid` with the given width and height measured in terminal columns and
-    /// rows respectively.
-    fn new(width: u16, height: u16) -> Self {
+impl<const W: usize, const H: usize> PatternGrid<W, H> {
+    /// Statically check that the dimension of the pattern is supported.
+    const _PATTERN_DIMENSION_CHECK: usize = u8::BITS as usize - W * H;
+
+    /// Create a new `PatternGrid` with the given width and height measured in terminal columns
+    /// and rows respectively.
+    fn new(width: u16, height: u16, char_table: &'static [char]) -> Self {
+        // Cause a static error if the pattern doesn't fit within 8 bits.
+        let _ = Self::_PATTERN_DIMENSION_CHECK;
+
         let length = usize::from(width) * usize::from(height);
         Self {
             width,
             height,
-            utf16_code_points: vec![symbols::braille::BLANK; length],
-            colors: vec![Color::Reset; length],
+            cells: vec![PatternCell::default(); length],
+            char_table,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Grid for BrailleGrid {
+impl<const W: usize, const H: usize> Grid for PatternGrid<W, H> {
     fn resolution(&self) -> (f64, f64) {
-        (f64::from(self.width) * 2.0, f64::from(self.height) * 4.0)
+        (
+            f64::from(self.width) * W as f64,
+            f64::from(self.height) * H as f64,
+        )
     }
 
     fn save(&self) -> Layer {
-        let string = String::from_utf16(&self.utf16_code_points).unwrap();
-        // the background color is always reset for braille patterns
-        let colors = self.colors.iter().map(|c| (*c, Color::Reset)).collect();
-        Layer { string, colors }
+        let contents = self
+            .cells
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&cell| {
+                let symbol = match cell.pattern {
+                    // Skip rendering blank patterns to allow layers underneath
+                    // to show through.
+                    0 => None,
+                    idx => Some(self.char_table[idx as usize]),
+                };
+
+                LayerCell {
+                    symbol,
+                    fg: cell.color,
+                    // Patterns only affect foreground.
+                    bg: None,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        Layer { contents }
     }
 
     fn reset(&mut self) {
-        self.utf16_code_points.fill(symbols::braille::BLANK);
-        self.colors.fill(Color::Reset);
+        self.cells.fill_with(Default::default);
     }
 
     fn paint(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, color: Color) {
         let index = y
-            .saturating_div(4)
+            .saturating_div(H)
             .saturating_mul(self.width as usize)
-            .saturating_add(x.saturating_div(2));
+            .saturating_add(x.saturating_div(W));
         // using get_mut here because we are indexing the vector with usize values
         // and we want to make sure we don't panic if the index is out of bounds
-        if let Some(c) = self.utf16_code_points.get_mut(index) {
-            *c |= symbols::braille::DOTS[y % 4][x % 2];
-        }
-        if let Some(c) = self.colors.get_mut(index) {
-            *c = color;
+        if let Some(cell) = self.cells.get_mut(index) {
+            cell.pattern |= 1u8 << ((x % W) + W * (y % H));
+            cell.color = Some(color);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -181,12 +229,16 @@ struct CharGrid {
     width: u16,
     /// Height of the grid in number of terminal rows
     height: u16,
-    /// Represents a single character for each cell
-    cells: Vec<char>,
     /// The color of each cell
-    colors: Vec<Color>,
+    cells: Vec<Option<Color>>,
+
     /// The character to use for every cell - e.g. a block, dot, etc.
     cell_char: char,
+
+    /// If true, apply the color to the background as well as the foreground. This is used for
+    /// [`Marker::Block`], so that it will overwrite any previous foreground character, but also
+    /// leave a background that can be overlaid with an additional foreground character.
+    apply_color_to_bg: bool,
 }
 
 impl CharGrid {
@@ -197,9 +249,16 @@ impl CharGrid {
         Self {
             width,
             height,
-            cells: vec![' '; length],
-            colors: vec![Color::Reset; length],
+            cells: vec![None; length],
             cell_char,
+            apply_color_to_bg: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_color_to_bg(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            apply_color_to_bg: true,
+            ..self
         }
     }
 }
@@ -211,14 +270,20 @@ impl Grid for CharGrid {
 
     fn save(&self) -> Layer {
         Layer {
-            string: self.cells.iter().collect(),
-            colors: self.colors.iter().map(|c| (*c, Color::Reset)).collect(),
+            contents: self
+                .cells
+                .iter()
+                .map(|&color| LayerCell {
+                    symbol: color.map(|_| self.cell_char),
+                    fg: color,
+                    bg: color.filter(|_| self.apply_color_to_bg),
+                })
+                .collect(),
         }
     }
 
     fn reset(&mut self) {
-        self.cells.fill(' ');
-        self.colors.fill(Color::Reset);
+        self.cells.fill(None);
     }
 
     fn paint(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, color: Color) {
@@ -226,10 +291,7 @@ impl Grid for CharGrid {
         // using get_mut here because we are indexing the vector with usize values
         // and we want to make sure we don't panic if the index is out of bounds
         if let Some(c) = self.cells.get_mut(index) {
-            *c = self.cell_char;
-        }
-        if let Some(c) = self.colors.get_mut(index) {
-            *c = color;
+            *c = Some(color);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -244,7 +306,7 @@ impl Grid for CharGrid {
 /// and lower half of each cell. This allows us to draw shapes with a resolution of 1x2 "pixels" per
 /// cell.
 ///
-/// This allows for more flexibility than the `BrailleGrid` which only supports a single
+/// This allows for more flexibility than the `PatternGrid` which only supports a single
 /// foreground color for each 2x4 dots cell, and the `CharGrid` which only supports a single
 /// character for each cell.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -254,7 +316,7 @@ struct HalfBlockGrid {
     /// Height of the grid in number of terminal rows
     height: u16,
     /// Represents a single color for each "pixel" arranged in column, row order
-    pixels: Vec<Vec<Color>>,
+    pixels: Vec<Vec<Option<Color>>>,
 }
 
 impl HalfBlockGrid {
@@ -264,7 +326,7 @@ impl HalfBlockGrid {
         Self {
             width,
             height,
-            pixels: vec![vec![Color::Reset; width as usize]; (height as usize) * 2],
+            pixels: vec![vec![None; width as usize]; (height as usize) * 2],
         }
     }
 }
@@ -302,45 +364,34 @@ impl Grid for HalfBlockGrid {
             .tuples()
             .flat_map(|(upper_row, lower_row)| zip(upper_row, lower_row));
 
-        // then we work out what character to print for each pair of pixels
-        let string = vertical_color_pairs
-            .clone()
-            .map(|(upper, lower)| match (upper, lower) {
-                (Color::Reset, Color::Reset) => ' ',
-                (Color::Reset, _) => symbols::half_block::LOWER,
-                (_, Color::Reset) => symbols::half_block::UPPER,
-                (&lower, &upper) => {
-                    if lower == upper {
-                        symbols::half_block::FULL
-                    } else {
-                        symbols::half_block::UPPER
-                    }
-                }
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        // then we convert these each vertical pair of pixels into a foreground and background color
-        let colors = vertical_color_pairs
+        // Then we determine the character to print for each pair, along with the color of the
+        // foreground and background.
+        let contents = vertical_color_pairs
             .map(|(upper, lower)| {
-                let (fg, bg) = match (upper, lower) {
-                    (Color::Reset, Color::Reset) => (Color::Reset, Color::Reset),
-                    (Color::Reset, &lower) => (lower, Color::Reset),
-                    (&upper, Color::Reset) => (upper, Color::Reset),
-                    (&upper, &lower) => (upper, lower),
+                let (symbol, fg, bg) = match (upper, lower) {
+                    (None, None) => (None, None, None),
+                    (None, Some(lower)) => (Some(symbols::half_block::LOWER), Some(*lower), None),
+                    (Some(upper), None) => (Some(symbols::half_block::UPPER), Some(*upper), None),
+                    (Some(upper), Some(lower)) if lower == upper => {
+                        (Some(symbols::half_block::FULL), Some(*upper), Some(*lower))
+                    }
+                    (Some(upper), Some(lower)) => {
+                        (Some(symbols::half_block::UPPER), Some(*upper), Some(*lower))
+                    }
                 };
-                (fg, bg)
+                LayerCell { symbol, fg, bg }
             })
             .collect();
 
-        Layer { string, colors }
+        Layer { contents }
     }
 
     fn reset(&mut self) {
-        self.pixels.fill(vec![Color::Reset; self.width as usize]);
+        self.pixels.fill(vec![None; self.width as usize]);
     }
 
     fn paint(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, color: Color) {
-        self.pixels[y][x] = color;
+        self.pixels[y][x] = Some(color);
     }
 }
 
@@ -462,7 +513,17 @@ impl<'a, 'b> From<&'a mut Context<'b>> for Painter<'a, 'b> {
 /// this as similar to the `Frame` struct that is used to draw widgets on the terminal.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Context<'a> {
+    // Width of the canvas in cells.
+    //
+    // This is NOT the resolution in dots/pixels as this varies by marker type.
+    width: u16,
+    // Height of the canvas in cells.
+    //
+    // This is NOT the resolution in dots/pixels as this varies by marker type.
+    height: u16,
+    // Canvas coordinate system width
     x_bounds: [f64; 2],
+    // Canvas coordinate system height
     y_bounds: [f64; 2],
     grid: Box<dyn Grid>,
     dirty: bool,
@@ -501,17 +562,10 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         y_bounds: [f64; 2],
         marker: Marker,
     ) -> Self {
-        let dot = symbols::DOT.chars().next().unwrap();
-        let block = symbols::block::FULL.chars().next().unwrap();
-        let bar = symbols::bar::HALF.chars().next().unwrap();
-        let grid: Box<dyn Grid> = match marker {
-            Marker::Dot => Box::new(CharGrid::new(width, height, dot)),
-            Marker::Block => Box::new(CharGrid::new(width, height, block)),
-            Marker::Bar => Box::new(CharGrid::new(width, height, bar)),
-            Marker::Braille => Box::new(BrailleGrid::new(width, height)),
-            Marker::HalfBlock => Box::new(HalfBlockGrid::new(width, height)),
-        };
+        let grid = Self::marker_to_grid(width, height, marker);
         Self {
+            width,
+            height,
             x_bounds,
             y_bounds,
             grid,
@@ -521,6 +575,30 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    fn marker_to_grid(width: u16, height: u16, marker: Marker) -> Box<dyn Grid> {
+        let dot = symbols::DOT.chars().next().unwrap();
+        let block = symbols::block::FULL.chars().next().unwrap();
+        let bar = symbols::bar::HALF.chars().next().unwrap();
+        match marker {
+            Marker::Block => Box::new(CharGrid::new(width, height, block).apply_color_to_bg()),
+            Marker::Bar => Box::new(CharGrid::new(width, height, bar)),
+            Marker::Braille => Box::new(PatternGrid::<2, 4>::new(width, height, &BRAILLE)),
+            Marker::HalfBlock => Box::new(HalfBlockGrid::new(width, height)),
+            Marker::Quadrant => Box::new(PatternGrid::<2, 2>::new(width, height, &QUADRANTS)),
+            Marker::Sextant => Box::new(PatternGrid::<2, 3>::new(width, height, &SEXTANTS)),
+            Marker::Octant => Box::new(PatternGrid::<2, 4>::new(width, height, &OCTANTS)),
+            Marker::Dot | _ => Box::new(CharGrid::new(width, height, dot)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Change the marker being used in this context.
+    ///
+    /// This will save the last layer if necessary and reset the grid to use the new marker.
+    pub fn marker(&mut self, marker: Marker) {
+        self.finish();
+        self.grid = Self::marker_to_grid(self.width, self.height, marker);
+    }
+
     /// Draw the given [`Shape`] in this context
     pub fn draw<S>(&mut self, shape: &S)
     where
@@ -573,16 +651,25 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
 ///
 /// By default the grid is made of Braille patterns but you may change the marker to use a different
 /// set of symbols. If your terminal or font does not support this unicode block, you will see
-/// unicode replacement characters (<28>) instead of braille dots. The Braille patterns provide a more
-/// fine grained result (2x4 dots) but you might want to use a simple dot, block, or bar instead by
-/// calling the [`marker`] method if your target environment does not support those symbols.
+/// unicode replacement characters (<28>) instead of braille dots. The Braille patterns (as well the
+/// octant character patterns) provide a more fine grained result with a 2x4 resolution per
+/// character, but you might want to use a simple dot, block, or bar instead by calling the
+/// [`marker`] method if your target environment does not support those symbols.
 ///
 /// See [Unicode Braille Patterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Patterns) for more info.
 ///
+/// The `Octant` marker is similar to the `Braille` marker but, instead of sparse dots, displays
+/// densely packed and regularly spaced pseudo-pixels, without visible bands between rows and
+/// columns. However, it uses characters that are not yet as widely supported as the Braille
+/// unicode block.
+///
+/// The `Quadrant` and `Sextant` markers are in turn akin to the `Octant` marker, but with a 2x2
+/// and 2x3 resolution, respectively.
+///
 /// The `HalfBlock` marker is useful when you want to draw shapes with a higher resolution than a
-/// `CharGrid` but lower than a `BrailleGrid`. This grid type supports a foreground and background
-/// color for each terminal cell. This allows for more flexibility than the `BrailleGrid` which only
-/// supports a single foreground color for each 2x4 dots cell.
+/// `CharGrid` but lower than a `PatternGrid`. This grid type supports a foreground and background
+/// color for each terminal cell. This allows for more flexibility than the `PatternGrid` which
+/// only supports a single foreground color for each 2x4 dots cell.
 ///
 /// The Canvas widget is used by calling the [`Canvas::paint`] method and passing a closure that
 /// will be used to draw on the canvas. The closure will be passed a [`Context`] object that can be
@@ -723,7 +810,7 @@ where
     /// The [`HalfBlock`] marker is useful when you want to draw shapes with a higher resolution
     /// than with a grid of characters (e.g. with [`Block`] or [`Dot`]) but lower than with
     /// [`Braille`]. This grid type supports a foreground and background color for each terminal
-    /// cell. This allows for more flexibility than the `BrailleGrid` which only supports a single
+    /// cell. This allows for more flexibility than the `PatternGrid` which only supports a single
     /// foreground color for each 2x4 dots cell.
     ///
     /// [`Braille`]: ratatui_core::symbols::Marker::Braille
@@ -802,19 +889,21 @@ where
 
         // Retrieve painted points for each layer
         for layer in ctx.layers {
-            for (index, (ch, colors)) in layer.string.chars().zip(layer.colors).enumerate() {
-                if ch != ' ' && ch != '\u{2800}' {
-                    let (x, y) = (
-                        (index % width) as u16 + canvas_area.left(),
-                        (index / width) as u16 + canvas_area.top(),
-                    );
-                    let cell = buf[(x, y)].set_char(ch);
-                    if colors.0 != Color::Reset {
-                        cell.set_fg(colors.0);
-                    }
-                    if colors.1 != Color::Reset {
-                        cell.set_bg(colors.1);
-                    }
+            for (index, layer_cell) in layer.contents.iter().enumerate() {
+                let (x, y) = (
+                    (index % width) as u16 + canvas_area.left(),
+                    (index / width) as u16 + canvas_area.top(),
+                );
+                let cell = &mut buf[(x, y)];
+
+                if let Some(symbol) = layer_cell.symbol {
+                    cell.set_char(symbol);
+                }
+                if let Some(fg) = layer_cell.fg {
+                    cell.set_fg(fg);
+                }
+                if let Some(bg) = layer_cell.bg {
+                    cell.set_bg(bg);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -847,12 +936,76 @@ where
 mod tests {
     use indoc::indoc;
     use ratatui_core::buffer::Cell;
+    use rstest::rstest;
 
     use super::*;
 
-    // helper to test the canvas checks that drawing a vertical and horizontal line
-    // results in the expected output
-    fn test_marker(marker: Marker, expected: &str) {
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::block(Marker::Block, indoc!(
+                "
+                █xxxx
+                █xxxx
+                █xxxx
+                █xxxx
+                █████"
+            ))]
+    #[case::half_block(Marker::HalfBlock, indoc!(
+                "
+                █xxxx
+                █xxxx
+                █xxxx
+                █xxxx
+                █▄▄▄▄"
+            ))]
+    #[case::bar(Marker::Bar, indoc!(
+                "
+                ▄xxxx
+                ▄xxxx
+                ▄xxxx
+                ▄xxxx
+                ▄▄▄▄▄"
+            ))]
+    #[case::braille(Marker::Braille, indoc!(
+                "
+                ⡇xxxx
+                ⡇xxxx
+                ⡇xxxx
+                ⡇xxxx
+                ⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀"
+            ))]
+    #[case::quadrant(Marker::Quadrant, indoc!(
+                "
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▙▄▄▄▄"
+            ))]
+    #[case::sextant(Marker::Sextant, indoc!(
+                "
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                🬲🬭🬭🬭🬭"
+            ))]
+    #[case::octant(Marker::Octant, indoc!(
+                "
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                ▌xxxx
+                𜷀▂▂▂▂"
+            ))]
+    #[case::dot(Marker::Dot, indoc!(
+                "
+                •xxxx
+                •xxxx
+                •xxxx
+                •xxxx
+                •••••"
+            ))]
+    fn test_horizontal_with_vertical(#[case] marker: Marker, #[case] expected: &'static str) {
         let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 5);
         let mut buf = Buffer::filled(area, Cell::new("x"));
         let horizontal_line = Line {
@@ -881,71 +1034,104 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(buf, Buffer::with_lines(expected.lines()));
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_bar_marker() {
-        test_marker(
-            Marker::Bar,
-            indoc!(
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::block(Marker::Block, indoc!(
                 "
-                ▄xxxx
-                ▄xxxx
-                ▄xxxx
-                ▄xxxx
-                ▄▄▄▄▄"
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_block_marker() {
-        test_marker(
-            Marker::Block,
-            indoc!(
+                █xxx█
+                x█x█x
+                xx█xx
+                x█x█x
+                █xxx█"))]
+    #[case::half_block(Marker::HalfBlock,
+           indoc!(
                 "
-                █xxxx
-                █xxxx
-                █xxxx
-                █xxxx
-                █████"
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_braille_marker() {
-        test_marker(
-            Marker::Braille,
-            indoc!(
+                █xxx█
+                x█x█x
+                xx█xx
+                x█x█x
+                █xxx█")
+    )]
+    #[case::bar(Marker::Bar, indoc!(
                 "
-                ⡇xxxx
-                ⡇xxxx
-                ⡇xxxx
-                ⡇xxxx
-                ⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀"
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_dot_marker() {
-        test_marker(
-            Marker::Dot,
-            indoc!(
+                ▄xxx▄
+                x▄x▄x
+                xx▄xx
+                x▄x▄x
+                ▄xxx▄"))]
+    #[case::braille(Marker::Braille, indoc!(
                 "
-                •xxxx
-                •xxxx
-                •xxxx
-                •xxxx
-                •••••"
-            ),
-        );
+                ⢣xxx⡜
+                x⢣x⡜x
+                xx⣿xx
+                x⡜x⢣x
+                ⡜xxx⢣"
+            ))]
+    #[case::quadrant(Marker::Quadrant, indoc!(
+                "
+                ▚xxx▞
+                x▚x▞x
+                xx█xx
+                x▞x▚x
+                ▞xxx▚"
+            ))]
+    #[case::sextant(Marker::Sextant, indoc!(
+                "
+                🬧xxx🬔
+                x🬧x🬔x
+                xx█xx
+                x🬘x🬣x
+                🬘xxx🬣"
+            ))]
+    #[case::octant(Marker::Octant, indoc!(
+                "
+                ▚xxx▞
+                x▚x▞x
+                xx█xx
+                x▞x▚x
+                ▞xxx▚"
+            ))]
+    #[case::dot(Marker::Dot, indoc!(
+                "
+                •xxx•
+                x•x•x
+                xx•xx
+                x•x•x
+                •xxx•"
+            ))]
+    fn test_diagonal_lines(#[case] marker: Marker, #[case] expected: &'static str) {
+        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 5);
+        let mut buf = Buffer::filled(area, Cell::new("x"));
+        let diagonal_up = Line {
+            x1: 0.0,
+            y1: 0.0,
+            x2: 10.0,
+            y2: 10.0,
+            color: Color::Reset,
+        };
+        let diagonal_down = Line {
+            x1: 0.0,
+            y1: 10.0,
+            x2: 10.0,
+            y2: 0.0,
+            color: Color::Reset,
+        };
+        Canvas::default()
+            .marker(marker)
+            .paint(|ctx| {
+                ctx.draw(&diagonal_down);
+                ctx.draw(&diagonal_up);
+            })
+            .x_bounds([0.0, 10.0])
+            .y_bounds([0.0, 10.0])
+            .render(area, &mut buf);
+        assert_eq!(buf, Buffer::with_lines(expected.lines()));
     }
 
     // The canvas methods work a lot with arithmetic so here we enter various width and height
     // values to check if there are any integer overflows we just initialize the canvas painters
     #[test]
     fn check_canvas_paint_max() {
-        let mut b_grid = BrailleGrid::new(u16::MAX, 2);
+        let mut b_grid = PatternGrid::<2, 4>::new(u16::MAX, 2, &OCTANTS);
         let mut c_grid = CharGrid::new(u16::MAX, 2, 'd');
 
         let max = u16::MAX as usize;
@@ -964,7 +1150,7 @@ mod tests {
     // We delibately cause integer overflow to check if we don't panic and don't get weird behavior
     #[test]
     fn check_canvas_paint_overflow() {
-        let mut b_grid = BrailleGrid::new(u16::MAX, 3);
+        let mut b_grid = PatternGrid::<2, 4>::new(u16::MAX, 3, &BRAILLE);
         let mut c_grid = CharGrid::new(u16::MAX, 3, 'd');
 
         let max = u16::MAX as usize + 10;

ratatui-widgets/src/canvas/rectangle.rs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ mod tests {
             "█        █",
             "██████████",
         ]);
-        expected.set_style(buffer.area, Style::new().red());
+        expected.set_style(buffer.area, Style::new().red().on_red());
         expected.set_style(buffer.area.inner(Margin::new(1, 1)), Style::reset());
         assert_eq!(buffer, expected);
     }

ratatui-widgets/src/chart.rs

@@ -1017,16 +1017,18 @@ impl Widget for &Chart<'_> {
             }
         }
 
-        for dataset in &self.datasets {
-            Canvas::default()
-                .background_color(self.style.bg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset))
-                .x_bounds(self.x_axis.bounds)
-                .y_bounds(self.y_axis.bounds)
-                .marker(dataset.marker)
-                .paint(|ctx| {
+        Canvas::default()
+            .background_color(self.style.bg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset))
+            .x_bounds(self.x_axis.bounds)
+            .y_bounds(self.y_axis.bounds)
+            .paint(|ctx| {
+                for dataset in &self.datasets {
+                    ctx.marker(dataset.marker);
+
+                    let color = dataset.style.fg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset);
                     ctx.draw(&Points {
                         coords: dataset.data,
-                        color: dataset.style.fg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset),
+                        color,
                     });
                     match dataset.graph_type {
                         GraphType::Line => {
@@ -1036,7 +1038,7 @@ impl Widget for &Chart<'_> {
                                     y1: data[0].1,
                                     x2: data[1].0,
                                     y2: data[1].1,
-                                    color: dataset.style.fg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset),
+                                    color,
                                 });
                             }
                         }
@@ -1047,15 +1049,15 @@ impl Widget for &Chart<'_> {
                                     y1: 0.0,
                                     x2: *x,
                                     y2: *y,
-                                    color: dataset.style.fg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset),
+                                    color,
                                 });
                             }
                         }
                         GraphType::Scatter => {}
                     }
-                })
-                .render(graph_area, buf);
-        }
+                }
+            })
+            .render(graph_area, buf);
 
         if let Some(Position { x, y }) = layout.title_x {
             let title = self.x_axis.title.as_ref().unwrap();
@@ -1548,6 +1550,62 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(buffer, expected);
     }
 
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::dot(symbols::Marker::Dot, '•')]
+    #[case::dot(symbols::Marker::Braille, '⢣')]
+    fn overlapping_lines(#[case] marker: symbols::Marker, #[case] symbol: char) {
+        let data_diagonal_up = [(0.0, 0.0), (5.0, 5.0)];
+        let data_diagonal_down = [(0.0, 5.0), (5.0, 0.0)];
+        let lines = vec![
+            Dataset::default()
+                .data(&data_diagonal_up)
+                .marker(symbols::Marker::Block)
+                .graph_type(GraphType::Line)
+                .blue(),
+            Dataset::default()
+                .data(&data_diagonal_down)
+                .marker(marker)
+                .graph_type(GraphType::Line)
+                .red(),
+        ];
+        let chart = Chart::new(lines)
+            .x_axis(Axis::default().bounds([0.0, 5.0]))
+            .y_axis(Axis::default().bounds([0.0, 5.0]));
+        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 5);
+        let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(area);
+        chart.render(buffer.area, &mut buffer);
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let mut expected = Buffer::with_lines([
+            format!("{symbol}   █"),
+            format!(" {symbol} █ "),
+            format!("  {symbol}  "),
+            format!(" █ {symbol} "),
+            format!("█   {symbol}"),
+        ]);
+        for i in 0..5 {
+            // The Marker::Dot and Marker::Braille tiles have the
+            // foreground set to Red.
+            expected.set_style(Rect::new(i, i, 1, 1), Style::new().fg(Color::Red));
+            // The Marker::Block tiles have both the foreground and
+            // background set to Blue.
+            expected.set_style(
+                Rect::new(i, 4 - i, 1, 1),
+                Style::new().fg(Color::Blue).bg(Color::Blue),
+            );
+        }
+        // Where the Marker::Dot/Braille overlaps with Marker::Block,
+        // the background is set to blue from the Block, but the
+        // foreground is set to red from the Dot/Braille.  This allows
+        // two line plots to overlap, so long as one of them is a
+        // Block.
+        expected.set_style(
+            Rect::new(2, 2, 1, 1),
+            Style::new().fg(Color::Red).bg(Color::Blue),
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(buffer, expected);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn render_in_minimal_buffer() {
         let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 1, 1));

ratatui/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "ratatui"
 description = "A library that's all about cooking up terminal user interfaces"
-version = "0.30.0-alpha.5"
+version = "0.30.0"
 authors.workspace = true
 documentation.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ default = ["crossterm", "underline-color", "all-widgets", "macros", "layout-cach
 #! Generally an application will only use one backend, so you should only enable one of the following features:
 ## enables the [`CrosstermBackend`](backend::CrosstermBackend) backend and adds a dependency on [`crossterm`].
 crossterm = ["std", "dep:ratatui-crossterm"]
+## selects the crossterm 0.28.x backend implementation
+crossterm_0_28 = ["crossterm", "ratatui-crossterm/crossterm_0_28"]
+## selects the crossterm 0.29.x backend implementation (default)
+crossterm_0_29 = ["crossterm", "ratatui-crossterm/crossterm_0_29"]
 ## enables the [`TermionBackend`](backend::TermionBackend) backend and adds a dependency on [`termion`].
 termion = ["std", "dep:ratatui-termion"]
 ## enables the [`TermwizBackend`](backend::TermwizBackend) backend and adds a dependency on [`termwiz`].

ratatui/benches/main.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ pub mod main {
     pub mod block;
     pub mod buffer;
     pub mod constraints;
+    pub mod gauge;
     pub mod line;
     pub mod list;
     pub mod paragraph;
@@ -25,4 +26,5 @@ criterion::criterion_main!(
     table::benches,
     text::benches,
     constraints::benches,
+    gauge::benches,
 );

ratatui/benches/main/barchart.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ fn barchart(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
-/// Render the widget in a classical size buffer
+/// Render the widget in a classical size buffer.
 fn render(bencher: &mut Bencher, barchart: &BarChart) {
     let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 200, 50));
     // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function.

ratatui/benches/main/block.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ fn block(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
-/// render the block into a buffer of the given `size`
+/// Render the block into a buffer of the given `size`.
 fn render(bencher: &mut Bencher, block: &Block, size: Rect) {
     let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(size);
     // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function.

ratatui/benches/main/gauge.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use criterion::{BatchSize, Criterion, criterion_group};
+use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
+use ratatui::layout::Rect;
+use ratatui::style::Style;
+use ratatui::widgets::{Block, Gauge, Widget};
+
+/// Benchmark for rendering a gauge.
+fn gauge(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("gauge");
+
+    let (width, height) = (200, 50); // 1080p fullscreen with medium font
+    let buffer_size = Rect::new(0, 0, width, height);
+
+    // Render an empty gauge
+    group.bench_with_input(
+        format!("render_empty/{width}x{height}"),
+        &Gauge::default(),
+        |b, gauge| {
+            let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(buffer_size);
+            // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function because
+            // `Widget::render` consumes the widget.
+            b.iter_batched(
+                || gauge.to_owned(),
+                |bench_gauge| {
+                    bench_gauge.render(buffer.area, &mut buffer);
+                },
+                BatchSize::SmallInput,
+            );
+        },
+    );
+
+    // Render with all features
+    group.bench_with_input(
+        format!("render_all_feature/{width}x{height}"),
+        &Gauge::default()
+            .block(Block::bordered().title("Progress"))
+            .gauge_style(Style::new().white().on_black().italic())
+            .percent(20)
+            .label("20%")
+            .use_unicode(true),
+        |b, gauge| {
+            let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(buffer_size);
+            // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function because
+            // `Widget::render` consumes the widget.
+            b.iter_batched(
+                || gauge.to_owned(),
+                |bench_gauge| {
+                    bench_gauge.render(buffer.area, &mut buffer);
+                },
+                BatchSize::SmallInput,
+            );
+        },
+    );
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, gauge);

ratatui/benches/main/list.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn list(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
-/// render the list into a common size buffer
+/// Render the list into a common size buffer.
 fn render(bencher: &mut Bencher, list: &List) {
     let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 200, 50));
     // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function.

ratatui/benches/main/paragraph.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ fn paragraph(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
-/// render the paragraph into a buffer with the given width
+/// Render the paragraph into a buffer with the given width.
 fn render(bencher: &mut Bencher, paragraph: &Paragraph, width: u16) {
     let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, width, PARAGRAPH_DEFAULT_HEIGHT));
     // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function.

ratatui/benches/main/sparkline.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ fn sparkline(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
-/// render the block into a buffer of the given `size`
+/// Render the block into a buffer of the given `size`.
 fn render(bencher: &mut Bencher, sparkline: &Sparkline) {
     let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 200, 50));
     // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function.

ratatui/benches/main/text.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn text(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
-/// Renders the text into a buffer of the given `size`
+/// Render the text into a buffer of the given `size`.
 fn render(bencher: &mut Bencher, text: &Text, size: Rect) {
     let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(size);
     // We use `iter_batched` to clone the value in the setup function.

ratatui/src/widgets.rs

@@ -616,6 +616,9 @@
 //! library `no_std` compatible. This is often easier than you might expect and broadens the range
 //! of projects that can use your widgets.
 //!
+//! For more detail on advantages of this, maintenance tips and feature flags, see the
+//! [no-std concept guide].
+//!
 //! To implement `no_std` compatibility, add the `#![no_std]` attribute at the top of your `lib.rs`.
 //! When working in a `no_std` environment, you'll need to make a few adjustments:
 //!
@@ -658,6 +661,7 @@
 //!   straightforward to implement
 //!
 //! [`ratatui-core`]: https://crates.io/crates/ratatui-core
+//! [no-std concept guide]: https://ratatui.rs/concepts/no-std/
 
 pub use ratatui_core::widgets::{StatefulWidget, Widget};
 pub use ratatui_widgets::barchart::{Bar, BarChart, BarGroup};

typos.toml

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 [default.extend-words]
 ratatui = "ratatui"
+sectore = "sectore" # https://github.com/sectore
 
 [type.md]
 extend-ignore-re = [