Fix is_airflow_* function, add docs

* `airflow.providers_manager.ProvidersManager.dataset_factories` → `airflow.providers_manager.ProvidersManager.asset_factories`
* `airflow.providers_manager.ProvidersManager.dataset_uri_handlers` → `airflow.providers_manager.ProvidersManager.asset_uri_handlers`
* `airflow.providers_manager.ProvidersManager.dataset_to_openlineage_converters` → `airflow.providers_manager.ProvidersManager.asset_to_openlineage_converters`
* `airflow.lineage.hook.DatasetLineageInfo.dataset`  → `airflow.lineage.hook.AssetLineageInfo.asset`

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,3 @@ benchmark = "bench -p ruff_benchmark --bench linter --bench formatter --"
 # See: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/11503
 [target.'cfg(all(target_env="msvc", target_os = "windows"))']
 rustflags = ["-C", "target-feature=+crt-static"]
-
-[target.'wasm32-unknown-unknown']
-# See https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/#webassembly-support
-rustflags = ["--cfg", 'getrandom_backend="wasm_js"']

.config/nextest.toml

@@ -6,10 +6,3 @@ failure-output = "immediate-final"
 fail-fast = false
 
 status-level = "skip"
-
-# Mark tests that take longer than 1s as slow.
-# Terminate after 60s as a stop-gap measure to terminate on deadlock.
-slow-timeout =  { period = "1s", terminate-after = 60 }
-
-# Show slow jobs in the final summary
-final-status-level = "slow"

.gitattributes

@@ -12,16 +12,7 @@ crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/invalid/re_lexing/line_continuation_windows_
 crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/invalid/re_lex_logical_token_windows_eol.py text eol=crlf
 crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/invalid/re_lex_logical_token_mac_eol.py text eol=cr
 
-crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF046_CR.py text eol=cr
-crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF046_LF.py text eol=lf
-
-crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP018_CR.py text eol=cr
-crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP018_LF.py text eol=lf
-
 crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/inline linguist-generated=true
 
-ruff.schema.json -diff linguist-generated=true text=auto eol=lf
-ty.schema.json -diff linguist-generated=true text=auto eol=lf
-crates/ruff_python_ast/src/generated.rs -diff linguist-generated=true text=auto eol=lf
-crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/generated.rs -diff linguist-generated=true text=auto eol=lf
+ruff.schema.json linguist-generated=true text=auto eol=lf
 *.md.snap linguist-language=Markdown

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -9,16 +9,14 @@
 /crates/ruff_formatter/ @MichaReiser
 /crates/ruff_python_formatter/ @MichaReiser
 /crates/ruff_python_parser/ @MichaReiser @dhruvmanila
-/crates/ruff_annotate_snippets/ @BurntSushi
 
 # flake8-pyi
 /crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/ @AlexWaygood
 
-# Script for fuzzing the parser/ty etc.
+# Script for fuzzing the parser/red-knot etc.
 /python/py-fuzzer/ @AlexWaygood
 
-# ty
-/crates/ty* @carljm @MichaReiser @AlexWaygood @sharkdp @dcreager
-/crates/ruff_db/ @carljm @MichaReiser @AlexWaygood @sharkdp @dcreager
-/scripts/ty_benchmark/ @carljm @MichaReiser @AlexWaygood @sharkdp @dcreager
-/crates/ty_python_semantic @carljm @AlexWaygood @sharkdp @dcreager
+# red-knot
+/crates/red_knot* @carljm @MichaReiser @AlexWaygood @sharkdp
+/crates/ruff_db/ @carljm @MichaReiser @AlexWaygood @sharkdp
+/scripts/knot_benchmark/ @carljm @MichaReiser @AlexWaygood @sharkdp

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<!--
+Thank you for taking the time to report an issue! We're glad to have you involved with Ruff.
+
+If you're filing a bug report, please consider including the following information:
+
+* List of keywords you searched for before creating this issue. Write them down here so that others can find this issue more easily and help provide feedback.
+  e.g. "RUF001", "unused variable", "Jupyter notebook"
+* A minimal code snippet that reproduces the bug.
+* The command you invoked (e.g., `ruff /path/to/file.py --fix`), ideally including the `--isolated` flag.
+* The current Ruff settings (any relevant sections from your `pyproject.toml`).
+* The current Ruff version (`ruff --version`).
+-->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_bug_report.yaml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug report
-description: Report an error or unexpected behavior
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thank you for taking the time to report an issue! We're glad to have you involved with Ruff.
-
-        **Before reporting, please make sure to search through [existing issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues?q=is:issue+is:open+label:bug) (including [closed](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues?q=is:issue%20state:closed%20label:bug)).**
-
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Summary
-      description: |
-        A clear and concise description of the bug, including a minimal reproducible example.
-
-        Be sure to include the command you invoked (e.g., `ruff check /path/to/file.py --fix`), ideally including the `--isolated` flag and
-        the current Ruff settings (e.g., relevant sections from your `pyproject.toml`).
-
-        If possible, try to include the [playground](https://play.ruff.rs) link that reproduces this issue.
-
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: input
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: What version of ruff are you using? (see `ruff version`)
-      placeholder: e.g., ruff 0.9.3 (90589372d 2025-01-23)
-    validations:
-      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_rule_request.yaml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-name: Rule request
-description: Anything related to lint rules (proposing new rules, changes to existing rules, auto-fixes, etc.)
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Summary
-      description: |
-        A clear and concise description of the relevant request. If applicable, please describe the current behavior as well.
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_question.yaml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: Question
-description: Ask a question about Ruff
-labels: ["question"]
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Question
-      description: Describe your question in detail.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: input
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: What version of ruff are you using? (see `ruff version`)
-      placeholder: e.g., ruff 0.9.3 (90589372d 2025-01-23)
-    validations:
-      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: Report an issue with ty
-    url: https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/new/choose
-    about: Please report issues for our type checker ty in the ty repository.
-  - name: Documentation
-    url: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff
-    about: Please consult the documentation before creating an issue.
-  - name: Community
-    url: https://discord.com/invite/astral-sh
-    about: Join our Discord community to ask questions and collaborate.

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 <!--
-Thank you for contributing to Ruff/ty! To help us out with reviewing, please consider the following:
+Thank you for contributing to Ruff! To help us out with reviewing, please consider the following:
 
 - Does this pull request include a summary of the change? (See below.)
-- Does this pull request include a descriptive title? (Please prefix with `[ty]` for ty pull
-  requests.)
+- Does this pull request include a descriptive title?
 - Does this pull request include references to any relevant issues?
 -->
 

.github/actionlint.yaml

@@ -6,6 +6,4 @@ self-hosted-runner:
   labels:
     - depot-ubuntu-latest-8
     - depot-ubuntu-22.04-16
-    - depot-ubuntu-22.04-32
-    - github-windows-2025-x86_64-8
-    - github-windows-2025-x86_64-16
+    - windows-latest-xlarge

.github/mypy-primer-ty.toml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#:schema ../ty.schema.json
-# Configuration overrides for the mypy primer run
-
-# Enable off-by-default rules.
-[rules]
-possibly-unresolved-reference = "warn"
-unused-ignore-comment = "warn"
-division-by-zero = "warn"

.github/renovate.json5

@@ -40,23 +40,12 @@
     enabled: true,
   },
   packageRules: [
-    // Pin GitHub Actions to immutable SHAs.
-    {
-      matchDepTypes: ["action"],
-      pinDigests: true,
-    },
-    // Annotate GitHub Actions SHAs with a SemVer version.
-    {
-      extends: ["helpers:pinGitHubActionDigests"],
-      extractVersion: "^(?<version>v?\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+)$",
-      versioning: "regex:^v?(?<major>\\d+)(\\.(?<minor>\\d+)\\.(?<patch>\\d+))?$",
-    },
     {
       // Group upload/download artifact updates, the versions are dependent
       groupName: "Artifact GitHub Actions dependencies",
       matchManagers: ["github-actions"],
       matchDatasources: ["gitea-tags", "github-tags"],
-      matchPackageNames: ["actions/.*-artifact"],
+      matchPackagePatterns: ["actions/.*-artifact"],
       description: "Weekly update of artifact-related GitHub Actions dependencies",
     },
     {
@@ -72,7 +61,7 @@
     {
       // Disable updates of `zip-rs`; intentionally pinned for now due to ownership change
       // See: https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/3642
-      matchPackageNames: ["zip"],
+      matchPackagePatterns: ["zip"],
       matchManagers: ["cargo"],
       enabled: false,
     },
@@ -81,7 +70,7 @@
       // with `mkdocs-material-insider`.
       // See: https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/upgrade/
       matchManagers: ["pip_requirements"],
-      matchPackageNames: ["mkdocs-material"],
+      matchPackagePatterns: ["mkdocs-material"],
       enabled: false,
     },
     {
@@ -98,15 +87,22 @@
     {
       groupName: "Monaco",
       matchManagers: ["npm"],
-      matchPackageNames: ["monaco"],
+      matchPackagePatterns: ["monaco"],
       description: "Weekly update of the Monaco editor",
     },
     {
       groupName: "strum",
       matchManagers: ["cargo"],
-      matchPackageNames: ["strum"],
+      matchPackagePatterns: ["strum"],
       description: "Weekly update of strum dependencies",
-    }
+    },
+    {
+      groupName: "ESLint",
+      matchManagers: ["npm"],
+      matchPackageNames: ["eslint"],
+      allowedVersions: "<9",
+      description: "Constraint ESLint to version 8 until TypeScript-eslint supports ESLint 9", // https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/issues/8211
+    },
   ],
   vulnerabilityAlerts: {
     commitMessageSuffix: "",

.github/workflows/build-binaries.yml

@@ -23,12 +23,10 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
-permissions: {}
-
 env:
   PACKAGE_NAME: ruff
   MODULE_NAME: ruff
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.13"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.11"
   CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
   CARGO_NET_RETRY: 10
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
@@ -39,17 +37,17 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-build') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build sdist"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           command: sdist
           args: --out dist
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
           "${MODULE_NAME}" --help
           python -m "${MODULE_NAME}" --help
       - name: "Upload sdist"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-sdist
           path: dist
@@ -68,23 +66,23 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-build') }}
     runs-on: macos-14
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: x64
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels - x86_64"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: x86_64
           args: --release --locked --out dist
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-macos-x86_64
           path: dist
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
           tar czvf $ARCHIVE_FILE $ARCHIVE_NAME
           shasum -a 256 $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-macos-x86_64
           path: |
@@ -110,18 +108,18 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-build') }}
     runs-on: macos-14
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: arm64
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels - aarch64"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: aarch64
           args: --release --locked --out dist
@@ -131,7 +129,7 @@ jobs:
           ruff --help
           python -m ruff --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-aarch64-apple-darwin
           path: dist
@@ -146,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
           tar czvf $ARCHIVE_FILE $ARCHIVE_NAME
           shasum -a 256 $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-aarch64-apple-darwin
           path: |
@@ -166,18 +164,18 @@ jobs:
           - target: aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
             arch: x64
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: ${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           args: --release --locked --out dist
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ jobs:
           "${MODULE_NAME}" --help
           python -m "${MODULE_NAME}" --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ jobs:
           7z a $ARCHIVE_FILE ./target/${{ matrix.platform.target }}/release/ruff.exe
           sha256sum $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           path: |
@@ -219,18 +217,18 @@ jobs:
           - x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - i686-unknown-linux-gnu
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: x64
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
           manylinux: auto
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@ jobs:
           "${MODULE_NAME}" --help
           python -m "${MODULE_NAME}" --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -260,7 +258,7 @@ jobs:
           tar czvf $ARCHIVE_FILE $ARCHIVE_NAME
           shasum -a 256 $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: |
@@ -294,24 +292,24 @@ jobs:
             arch: arm
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           manylinux: auto
           docker-options: ${{ matrix.platform.maturin_docker_options }}
           args: --release --locked --out dist
-      - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@d94c13912ea685de38fccc1109385b83fd79427d # v3.0.1
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.arch != 'ppc64' && matrix.platform.arch != 'ppc64le'}}
+      - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@v2
+        if: matrix.platform.arch != 'ppc64'
         name: Test wheel
         with:
           arch: ${{ matrix.platform.arch == 'arm' && 'armv6' || matrix.platform.arch }}
@@ -325,7 +323,7 @@ jobs:
             pip3 install ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} --no-index --find-links dist/ --force-reinstall
             ruff --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -343,7 +341,7 @@ jobs:
           tar czvf $ARCHIVE_FILE $ARCHIVE_NAME
           shasum -a 256 $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           path: |
@@ -359,25 +357,25 @@ jobs:
           - x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
           - i686-unknown-linux-musl
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: x64
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
           manylinux: musllinux_1_2
           args: --release --locked --out dist
       - name: "Test wheel"
         if: matrix.target == 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
-        uses: addnab/docker-run-action@4f65fabd2431ebc8d299f8e5a018d79a769ae185 # v3
+        uses: addnab/docker-run-action@v3
         with:
           image: alpine:latest
           options: -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/io -w /io
@@ -387,7 +385,7 @@ jobs:
             .venv/bin/pip3 install ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} --no-index --find-links dist/ --force-reinstall
             .venv/bin/${{ env.MODULE_NAME }} --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -405,7 +403,7 @@ jobs:
           tar czvf $ARCHIVE_FILE $ARCHIVE_NAME
           shasum -a 256 $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: |
@@ -425,23 +423,23 @@ jobs:
             arch: armv7
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           manylinux: musllinux_1_2
           args: --release --locked --out dist
           docker-options: ${{ matrix.platform.maturin_docker_options }}
-      - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@d94c13912ea685de38fccc1109385b83fd79427d # v3.0.1
+      - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@v2
         name: Test wheel
         with:
           arch: ${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
@@ -454,7 +452,7 @@ jobs:
             .venv/bin/pip3 install ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} --no-index --find-links dist/ --force-reinstall
             .venv/bin/${{ env.MODULE_NAME }} --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wheels-${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -472,7 +470,7 @@ jobs:
           tar czvf $ARCHIVE_FILE $ARCHIVE_NAME
           shasum -a 256 $ARCHIVE_FILE > $ARCHIVE_FILE.sha256
       - name: "Upload binary"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-${{ matrix.platform.target }}
           path: |

.github/workflows/build-docker.yml

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ jobs:
           - linux/amd64
           - linux/arm64
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -48,13 +48,11 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Check tag consistency
         if: ${{ inputs.plan != '' && !fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag_is_implicit }}
-        env:
-          TAG: ${{ inputs.plan != '' && fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag || 'dry-run' }}
         run: |
-          version=$(grep -m 1 "^version = " pyproject.toml | sed -e 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/g')
-          if [ "${TAG}" != "${version}" ]; then
+          version=$(grep "version = " pyproject.toml | sed -e 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/g')
+          if [ "${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}" != "${version}" ]; then
             echo "The input tag does not match the version from pyproject.toml:" >&2
-            echo "${TAG}" >&2
+            echo "${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}" >&2
             echo "${version}" >&2
             exit 1
           else
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 # v5.7.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: ${{ env.RUFF_BASE_IMG }}
           # Defining this makes sure the org.opencontainers.image.version OCI label becomes the actual release version and not the branch name
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
       # Adapted from https://docs.docker.com/build/ci/github-actions/multi-platform/
       - name: Build and push by digest
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@1dc73863535b631f98b2378be8619f83b136f4a0 # v6.17.0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           touch "/tmp/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
 
       - name: Upload digests
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_TUPLE }}
           path: /tmp/digests/*
@@ -113,17 +111,17 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ inputs.plan != '' && !fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag_is_implicit }}
     steps:
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: /tmp/digests
           pattern: digests-*
           merge-multiple: true
 
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
       - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 # v5.7.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: ${{ env.RUFF_BASE_IMG }}
           # Order is on purpose such that the label org.opencontainers.image.version has the first pattern with the full version
@@ -131,7 +129,7 @@ jobs:
             type=pep440,pattern={{ version }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
             type=pep440,pattern={{ major }}.{{ minor }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -163,13 +161,13 @@ jobs:
         # Mapping of base image followed by a comma followed by one or more base tags (comma separated)
         # Note, org.opencontainers.image.version label will use the first base tag (use the most specific tag first)
         image-mapping:
-          - alpine:3.21,alpine3.21,alpine
+          - alpine:3.20,alpine3.20,alpine
           - debian:bookworm-slim,bookworm-slim,debian-slim
           - buildpack-deps:bookworm,bookworm,debian
     steps:
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -177,8 +175,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Generate Dynamic Dockerfile Tags
         shell: bash
-        env:
-          TAG_VALUE: ${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
@@ -199,8 +195,8 @@ jobs:
           # Loop through all base tags and append its docker metadata pattern to the list
           # Order is on purpose such that the label org.opencontainers.image.version has the first pattern with the full version
           IFS=','; for TAG in ${BASE_TAGS}; do
-            TAG_PATTERNS="${TAG_PATTERNS}type=pep440,pattern={{ version }},suffix=-${TAG},value=${TAG_VALUE}\n"
-            TAG_PATTERNS="${TAG_PATTERNS}type=pep440,pattern={{ major }}.{{ minor }},suffix=-${TAG},value=${TAG_VALUE}\n"
+            TAG_PATTERNS="${TAG_PATTERNS}type=pep440,pattern={{ version }},suffix=-${TAG},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}\n"
+            TAG_PATTERNS="${TAG_PATTERNS}type=pep440,pattern={{ major }}.{{ minor }},suffix=-${TAG},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}\n"
             TAG_PATTERNS="${TAG_PATTERNS}type=raw,value=${TAG}\n"
           done
 
@@ -219,7 +215,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 # v5.7.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         # ghcr.io prefers index level annotations
         env:
           DOCKER_METADATA_ANNOTATIONS_LEVELS: index
@@ -231,7 +227,7 @@ jobs:
             ${{ env.TAG_PATTERNS }}
 
       - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@1dc73863535b631f98b2378be8619f83b136f4a0 # v6.17.0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
@@ -256,17 +252,17 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ inputs.plan != '' && !fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag_is_implicit }}
     steps:
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: /tmp/digests
           pattern: digests-*
           merge-multiple: true
 
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
       - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 # v5.7.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         env:
           DOCKER_METADATA_ANNOTATIONS_LEVELS: index
         with:
@@ -276,7 +272,7 @@ jobs:
             type=pep440,pattern={{ version }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
             type=pep440,pattern={{ major }}.{{ minor }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 name: CI
 
-permissions: {}
-
 on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ env:
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
   RUSTUP_MAX_RETRIES: 10
   PACKAGE_NAME: ruff
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.13"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.12"
 
 jobs:
   determine_changes:
@@ -26,177 +24,82 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       # Flag that is raised when any code that affects parser is changed
-      parser: ${{ steps.check_parser.outputs.changed }}
+      parser: ${{ steps.changed.outputs.parser_any_changed }}
       # Flag that is raised when any code that affects linter is changed
-      linter: ${{ steps.check_linter.outputs.changed }}
+      linter: ${{ steps.changed.outputs.linter_any_changed }}
       # Flag that is raised when any code that affects formatter is changed
-      formatter: ${{ steps.check_formatter.outputs.changed }}
+      formatter: ${{ steps.changed.outputs.formatter_any_changed }}
       # Flag that is raised when any code is changed
       # This is superset of the linter and formatter
-      code: ${{ steps.check_code.outputs.changed }}
+      code: ${{ steps.changed.outputs.code_any_changed }}
       # Flag that is raised when any code that affects the fuzzer is changed
-      fuzz: ${{ steps.check_fuzzer.outputs.changed }}
-      # Flag that is set to "true" when code related to ty changes.
-      ty: ${{ steps.check_ty.outputs.changed }}
-
-      # Flag that is set to "true" when code related to the playground changes.
-      playground: ${{ steps.check_playground.outputs.changed }}
+      fuzz: ${{ steps.changed.outputs.fuzz_any_changed }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: Determine merge base
-        id: merge_base
-        env:
-          BASE_REF: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref || 'main' }}
-        run: |
-          sha=$(git merge-base HEAD "origin/${BASE_REF}")
-          echo "sha=${sha}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v45
+        id: changed
+        with:
+          files_yaml: |
+            parser:
+              - Cargo.toml
+              - Cargo.lock
+              - crates/ruff_python_trivia/**
+              - crates/ruff_source_file/**
+              - crates/ruff_text_size/**
+              - crates/ruff_python_ast/**
+              - crates/ruff_python_parser/**
+              - python/py-fuzzer/**
+              - .github/workflows/ci.yaml
 
-      - name: Check if the parser code changed
-        id: check_parser
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- \
-            ':Cargo.toml' \
-            ':Cargo.lock' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_trivia/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_source_file/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_text_size/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_ast/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_parser/**' \
-            ':python/py-fuzzer/**' \
-            ':.github/workflows/ci.yaml' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
+            linter:
+              - Cargo.toml
+              - Cargo.lock
+              - crates/**
+              - "!crates/ruff_python_formatter/**"
+              - "!crates/ruff_formatter/**"
+              - "!crates/ruff_dev/**"
+              - scripts/*
+              - python/**
+              - .github/workflows/ci.yaml
 
-      - name: Check if the linter code changed
-        id: check_linter
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- ':Cargo.toml' \
-            ':Cargo.lock' \
-            ':crates/**' \
-            ':!crates/ty*/**' \
-            ':!crates/ruff_python_formatter/**' \
-            ':!crates/ruff_formatter/**' \
-            ':!crates/ruff_dev/**' \
-            ':!crates/ruff_db/**' \
-            ':scripts/*' \
-            ':python/**' \
-            ':.github/workflows/ci.yaml' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
+            formatter:
+              - Cargo.toml
+              - Cargo.lock
+              - crates/ruff_python_formatter/**
+              - crates/ruff_formatter/**
+              - crates/ruff_python_trivia/**
+              - crates/ruff_python_ast/**
+              - crates/ruff_source_file/**
+              - crates/ruff_python_index/**
+              - crates/ruff_text_size/**
+              - crates/ruff_python_parser/**
+              - crates/ruff_dev/**
+              - scripts/*
+              - python/**
+              - .github/workflows/ci.yaml
 
-      - name: Check if the formatter code changed
-        id: check_formatter
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- ':Cargo.toml' \
-            ':Cargo.lock' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_formatter/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_formatter/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_trivia/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_ast/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_source_file/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_index/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_index/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_text_size/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_parser/**' \
-            ':scripts/*' \
-            ':python/**' \
-            ':.github/workflows/ci.yaml' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
+            fuzz:
+              - fuzz/Cargo.toml
+              - fuzz/Cargo.lock
+              - fuzz/fuzz_targets/**
 
-      - name: Check if the fuzzer code changed
-        id: check_fuzzer
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- ':Cargo.toml' \
-            ':Cargo.lock' \
-            ':fuzz/fuzz_targets/**' \
-            ':.github/workflows/ci.yaml' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-
-      - name: Check if there was any code related change
-        id: check_code
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- ':**' \
-            ':!**/*.md' \
-            ':crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/**/*.md' \
-            ':!docs/**' \
-            ':!assets/**' \
-            ':.github/workflows/ci.yaml' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-
-      - name: Check if there was any playground related change
-        id: check_playground
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- \
-            ':playground/**' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-
-      - name: Check if the ty code changed
-        id: check_ty
-        env:
-          MERGE_BASE: ${{ steps.merge_base.outputs.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if git diff --quiet "${MERGE_BASE}...HEAD" -- \
-            ':Cargo.toml' \
-            ':Cargo.lock' \
-            ':crates/ty*/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_db/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_annotate_snippets/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_ast/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_parser/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_python_trivia/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_source_file/**' \
-            ':crates/ruff_text_size/**' \
-            ':.github/workflows/ci.yaml' \
-          ; then
-              echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-              echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
+            code:
+              - "**/*"
+              - "!**/*.md"
+              - "crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/**/*.md"
+              - "!docs/**"
+              - "!assets/**"
 
   cargo-fmt:
     name: "cargo fmt"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
@@ -210,50 +113,42 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: |
           rustup component add clippy
           rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Clippy"
         run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --all-features --locked -- -D warnings
       - name: "Clippy (wasm)"
-        run: cargo clippy -p ruff_wasm -p ty_wasm --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --all-features --locked -- -D warnings
+        run: cargo clippy -p ruff_wasm -p red_knot_wasm --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --all-features --locked -- -D warnings
 
   cargo-test-linux:
     name: "cargo test (linux)"
     runs-on: depot-ubuntu-22.04-16
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
-        uses: rui314/setup-mold@e16410e7f8d9e167b74ad5697a9089a35126eb50 # v1
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install cargo insta"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-insta
-      - name: ty mdtests (GitHub annotations)
-        if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.ty == 'true' }}
-        env:
-          NO_COLOR: 1
-          MDTEST_GITHUB_ANNOTATIONS_FORMAT: 1
-        # Ignore errors if this step fails; we want to continue to later steps in the workflow anyway.
-        # This step is just to get nice GitHub annotations on the PR diff in the files-changed tab.
-        run: cargo test -p ty_python_semantic --test mdtest || true
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
         shell: bash
         env:
@@ -268,42 +163,38 @@ jobs:
       # sync, not just public items. Eventually we should do this for all
       # crates; for now add crates here as they are warning-clean to prevent
       # regression.
-      - run: cargo doc --no-deps -p ty_python_semantic -p ty -p ty_test -p ruff_db --document-private-items
+      - run: cargo doc --no-deps -p red_knot_python_semantic -p red_knot -p red_knot_test -p ruff_db --document-private-items
         env:
           # Setting RUSTDOCFLAGS because `cargo doc --check` isn't yet implemented (https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10025).
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-D warnings"
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: ruff
           path: target/debug/ruff
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
-        with:
-          name: ty
-          path: target/debug/ty
 
   cargo-test-linux-release:
     name: "cargo test (linux, release)"
     runs-on: depot-ubuntu-22.04-16
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
-        uses: rui314/setup-mold@e16410e7f8d9e167b74ad5697a9089a35126eb50 # v1
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install cargo insta"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-insta
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
         shell: bash
         env:
@@ -312,25 +203,24 @@ jobs:
 
   cargo-test-windows:
     name: "cargo test (windows)"
-    runs-on: github-windows-2025-x86_64-16
+    runs-on: windows-latest-xlarge
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
         shell: bash
         env:
-          NEXTEST_PROFILE: "ci"
           # Workaround for <https://github.com/nextest-rs/nextest/issues/1493>.
           RUSTUP_WINDOWS_PATH_ADD_BIN: 1
         run: |
@@ -341,30 +231,30 @@ jobs:
     name: "cargo test (wasm)"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: "npm"
           cache-dependency-path: playground/package-lock.json
-      - uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@0d096b08b4e5a7de8c28de67e11e945404e9eefa # v0.4.0
+      - uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@v0.4.0
         with:
           version: v0.13.1
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Test ruff_wasm"
         run: |
           cd crates/ruff_wasm
           wasm-pack test --node
-      - name: "Test ty_wasm"
+      - name: "Test red_knot_wasm"
         run: |
-          cd crates/ty_wasm
+          cd crates/red_knot_wasm
           wasm-pack test --node
 
   cargo-build-release:
@@ -373,47 +263,47 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
-        uses: rui314/setup-mold@e16410e7f8d9e167b74ad5697a9089a35126eb50 # v1
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Build"
         run: cargo build --release --locked
 
   cargo-build-msrv:
     name: "cargo build (msrv)"
-    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest-8
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: SebRollen/toml-action@b1b3628f55fc3a28208d4203ada8b737e9687876 # v1.2.0
+      - uses: SebRollen/toml-action@v1.2.0
         id: msrv
         with:
           file: "Cargo.toml"
           field: "workspace.package.rust-version"
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         env:
           MSRV: ${{ steps.msrv.outputs.value }}
         run: rustup default "${MSRV}"
       - name: "Install mold"
-        uses: rui314/setup-mold@e16410e7f8d9e167b74ad5697a9089a35126eb50 # v1
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install cargo insta"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-insta
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
         shell: bash
         env:
@@ -428,16 +318,16 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' || needs.determine_changes.outputs.fuzz == 'true' || needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' }}
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
-        with:
-          workspaces: "fuzz -> target"
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          workspaces: "fuzz -> target"
       - name: "Install cargo-binstall"
-        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@5cbf019d8cb9b9d5b086218c41458ea35d817691 # v1.12.5
+        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@main
         with:
           tool: cargo-fuzz@0.11.2
       - name: "Install cargo-fuzz"
@@ -451,16 +341,16 @@ jobs:
     needs:
       - cargo-test-linux
       - determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && needs.determine_changes.outputs.parser == 'true' }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.parser == 'true' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     env:
       FORCE_COLOR: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         name: Download Ruff binary to test
         id: download-cached-binary
         with:
@@ -487,27 +377,23 @@ jobs:
     name: "test scripts"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup component add rustfmt
-      # Run all code generation scripts, and verify that the current output is
-      # already checked into git.
-      - run: python crates/ruff_python_ast/generate.py
-      - run: python crates/ruff_python_formatter/generate.py
-      - run: test -z "$(git status --porcelain)"
-      # Verify that adding a plugin or rule produces clean code.
-      - run: ./scripts/add_rule.py --name DoTheThing --prefix F --code 999 --linter pyflakes
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      - run: ./scripts/add_rule.py --name DoTheThing --prefix PL --code C0999 --linter pylint
       - run: cargo check
+      - run: cargo fmt --all --check
       - run: |
           ./scripts/add_plugin.py test --url https://pypi.org/project/-test/0.1.0/ --prefix TST
           ./scripts/add_rule.py --name FirstRule --prefix TST --code 001 --linter test
       - run: cargo check
+      - run: cargo fmt --all --check
 
   ecosystem:
     name: "ecosystem"
@@ -517,24 +403,24 @@ jobs:
       - determine_changes
     # Only runs on pull requests, since that is the only we way we can find the base version for comparison.
     # Ecosystem check needs linter and/or formatter changes.
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' }}
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
 
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         name: Download comparison Ruff binary
         id: ruff-target
         with:
           name: ruff
           path: target/debug
 
-      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@20319c5641d495c8a52e688b7dc5fada6c3a9fbc # v8
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v7
         name: Download baseline Ruff binary
         with:
           name: ruff
@@ -622,75 +508,28 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         name: Upload PR Number
         with:
           name: pr-number
           path: pr-number
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         name: Upload Results
         with:
           name: ecosystem-result
           path: ecosystem-result
 
-  fuzz-ty:
-    name: "Fuzz for new ty panics"
-    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-22.04-16
-    needs:
-      - cargo-test-linux
-      - determine_changes
-    # Only runs on pull requests, since that is the only we way we can find the base version for comparison.
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine_changes.outputs.ty == 'true' }}
-    timeout-minutes: 20
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
-        name: Download new ty binary
-        id: ty-new
-        with:
-          name: ty
-          path: target/debug
-      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@20319c5641d495c8a52e688b7dc5fada6c3a9fbc # v8
-        name: Download baseline ty binary
-        with:
-          name: ty
-          branch: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
-          workflow: "ci.yaml"
-          check_artifacts: true
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
-      - name: Fuzz
-        env:
-          FORCE_COLOR: 1
-          NEW_TY: ${{ steps.ty-new.outputs.download-path }}
-        run: |
-          # Make executable, since artifact download doesn't preserve this
-          chmod +x "${PWD}/ty" "${NEW_TY}/ty"
-
-          (
-            uvx \
-            --python="${PYTHON_VERSION}" \
-            --from=./python/py-fuzzer \
-            fuzz \
-            --test-executable="${NEW_TY}/ty" \
-            --baseline-executable="${PWD}/ty" \
-            --only-new-bugs \
-            --bin=ty \
-            0-500
-          )
-
   cargo-shear:
     name: "cargo shear"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: determine_changes
     if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@5cbf019d8cb9b9d5b086218c41458ea35d817691 # v1.12.5
+      - uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@main
       - run: cargo binstall --no-confirm cargo-shear
       - run: cargo shear
 
@@ -698,20 +537,19 @@ jobs:
     name: "python package"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 20
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: x64
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@aef21716ff3dcae8a1c301d23ec3e4446972a6e3 # v1.49.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
         with:
           args: --out dist
       - name: "Test wheel"
@@ -724,19 +562,22 @@ jobs:
 
   pre-commit:
     name: "pre-commit"
-    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-22.04-16
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          node-version: 22
+          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
+      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
+        run: rustup show
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      - name: "Install pre-commit"
+        run: pip install pre-commit
       - name: "Cache pre-commit"
-        uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
           key: pre-commit-${{ hashFiles('.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
@@ -745,7 +586,7 @@ jobs:
           echo '```console' > "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
           # Enable color output for pre-commit and remove it for the summary
           # Use --hook-stage=manual to enable slower pre-commit hooks that are skipped by default
-          SKIP=cargo-fmt,clippy,dev-generate-all uvx --python="${PYTHON_VERSION}" pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure --color=always --hook-stage=manual | \
+          SKIP=cargo-fmt,clippy,dev-generate-all pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure --color=always --hook-stage=manual | \
             tee >(sed -E 's/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})*)?[mGK]//g' >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY") >&1
           exit_code="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
           echo '```' >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
@@ -758,22 +599,22 @@ jobs:
     env:
       MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY != '' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Add SSH key"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@a6f90b1f127823b31d4d4a8d96047790581349bd # v0.9.1
+        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.9.0
         with:
           ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY }}
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Install Insiders dependencies"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
         run: uv pip install -r docs/requirements-insiders.txt --system
@@ -797,15 +638,16 @@ jobs:
     name: "formatter instabilities and black similarity"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.formatter == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: needs.determine_changes.outputs.formatter == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
+      - name: "Cache rust"
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run checks"
         run: scripts/formatter_ecosystem_checks.sh
       - name: "Github step summary"
@@ -820,24 +662,23 @@ jobs:
     needs:
       - cargo-test-linux
       - determine_changes
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: extractions/setup-just@e33e0265a09d6d736e2ee1e0eb685ef1de4669ff # v3.0.0
+      - uses: extractions/setup-just@v2
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         name: "Download ruff-lsp source"
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
           repository: "astral-sh/ruff-lsp"
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          # installation fails on 3.13 and newer
-          python-version: "3.12"
+          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
 
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         name: Download development ruff binary
         id: ruff-target
         with:
@@ -860,65 +701,32 @@ jobs:
 
           just test
 
-  check-playground:
-    name: "check playground"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 5
-    needs:
-      - determine_changes
-    if: ${{ (needs.determine_changes.outputs.playground == 'true') }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
-        run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: playground/package-lock.json
-      - uses: jetli/wasm-bindgen-action@20b33e20595891ab1a0ed73145d8a21fc96e7c29 # v0.2.0
-      - name: "Install Node dependencies"
-        run: npm ci
-        working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Build playgrounds"
-        run: npm run dev:wasm
-        working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Run TypeScript checks"
-        run: npm run check
-        working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Check formatting"
-        run: npm run fmt:check
-        working-directory: playground
-
   benchmarks:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: determine_changes
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'astral-sh/ruff' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'astral-sh/ruff' && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
       - name: "Checkout Branch"
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
-
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
 
       - name: "Install codspeed"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@941e8a4d9d7cdb696bd4f017cf54aca281f8ffff # v2.51.2
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-codspeed
 
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
       - name: "Build benchmarks"
         run: cargo codspeed build --features codspeed -p ruff_benchmark
 
       - name: "Run benchmarks"
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@0010eb0ca6e89b80c88e8edaaa07cfe5f3e6664d # v3.5.0
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v3
         with:
           run: cargo codspeed run
           token: ${{ secrets.CODSPEED_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/daily_fuzz.yaml

@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ jobs:
     # Don't run the cron job on forks:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'astral-sh/ruff' || github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
-        uses: rui314/setup-mold@e16410e7f8d9e167b74ad5697a9089a35126eb50 # v1
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: Build ruff
         # A debug build means the script runs slower once it gets started,
         # but this is outweighed by the fact that a release build takes *much* longer to compile in CI
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       issues: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
@@ -73,6 +73,6 @@ jobs:
               owner: "astral-sh",
               repo: "ruff",
               title: `Daily parser fuzz failed on ${new Date().toDateString()}`,
-              body: "Run listed here: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              body: "Runs listed here: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/actions/workflows/daily_fuzz.yml",
               labels: ["bug", "parser", "fuzzer"],
             })

.github/workflows/mypy_primer.yaml

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-name: Run mypy_primer
-
-permissions: {}
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "crates/ty*/**"
-      - "crates/ruff_db"
-      - "crates/ruff_python_ast"
-      - "crates/ruff_python_parser"
-      - ".github/workflows/mypy_primer.yaml"
-      - ".github/workflows/mypy_primer_comment.yaml"
-      - "Cargo.lock"
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-env:
-  CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
-  CARGO_NET_RETRY: 10
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  RUSTUP_MAX_RETRIES: 10
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  mypy_primer:
-    name: Run mypy_primer
-    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-22.04-32
-    timeout-minutes: 20
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          path: ruff
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
-
-      - name: Install the latest version of uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
-
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
-        with:
-          workspaces: "ruff"
-
-      - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        run: rustup show
-
-      - name: Run mypy_primer
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          cd ruff
-
-          echo "Enabling mypy primer specific configuration overloads (see .github/mypy-primer-ty.toml)"
-          mkdir -p ~/.config/ty
-          cp .github/mypy-primer-ty.toml ~/.config/ty/ty.toml
-
-          PRIMER_SELECTOR="$(paste -s -d'|' crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/primer/good.txt)"
-
-          echo "new commit"
-          git rev-list --format=%s --max-count=1 "$GITHUB_SHA"
-
-          MERGE_BASE="$(git merge-base "$GITHUB_SHA" "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF")"
-          git checkout -b base_commit "$MERGE_BASE"
-          echo "base commit"
-          git rev-list --format=%s --max-count=1 base_commit
-
-          cd ..
-
-          echo "Project selector: $PRIMER_SELECTOR"
-          # Allow the exit code to be 0 or 1, only fail for actual mypy_primer crashes/bugs
-          uvx \
-            --from="git+https://github.com/hauntsaninja/mypy_primer@01a7ca325f674433c58e02416a867178d1571128" \
-            mypy_primer \
-            --repo ruff \
-            --type-checker ty \
-            --old base_commit \
-            --new "$GITHUB_SHA" \
-            --project-selector "/($PRIMER_SELECTOR)\$" \
-            --output concise \
-            --debug > mypy_primer.diff || [ $? -eq 1 ]
-
-          # Output diff with ANSI color codes
-          cat mypy_primer.diff
-
-          # Remove ANSI color codes before uploading
-          sed -ie 's/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m//g' mypy_primer.diff
-
-          echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number
-
-      - name: Upload diff
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
-        with:
-          name: mypy_primer_diff
-          path: mypy_primer.diff
-
-      - name: Upload pr-number
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
-        with:
-          name: pr-number
-          path: pr-number

.github/workflows/mypy_primer_comment.yaml

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-name: PR comment (mypy_primer)
-
-on: # zizmor: ignore[dangerous-triggers]
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: [Run mypy_primer]
-    types: [completed]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      workflow_run_id:
-        description: The mypy_primer workflow that triggers the workflow run
-        required: true
-
-jobs:
-  comment:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    permissions:
-      pull-requests: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@20319c5641d495c8a52e688b7dc5fada6c3a9fbc # v8
-        name: Download PR number
-        with:
-          name: pr-number
-          run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id ||  github.event.inputs.workflow_run_id }}
-          if_no_artifact_found: ignore
-          allow_forks: true
-
-      - name: Parse pull request number
-        id: pr-number
-        run: |
-          if [[ -f pr-number ]]
-          then
-            echo "pr-number=$(<pr-number)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-
-      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@20319c5641d495c8a52e688b7dc5fada6c3a9fbc # v8
-        name: "Download mypy_primer results"
-        id: download-mypy_primer_diff
-        if: steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number
-        with:
-          name: mypy_primer_diff
-          workflow: mypy_primer.yaml
-          pr: ${{ steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number }}
-          path: pr/mypy_primer_diff
-          workflow_conclusion: completed
-          if_no_artifact_found: ignore
-          allow_forks: true
-
-      - name: Generate comment content
-        id: generate-comment
-        if: steps.download-mypy_primer_diff.outputs.found_artifact == 'true'
-        run: |
-          # Guard against malicious mypy_primer results that symlink to a secret
-          # file on this runner
-          if [[ -L pr/mypy_primer_diff/mypy_primer.diff ]]
-          then
-              echo "Error: mypy_primer.diff cannot be a symlink"
-              exit 1
-          fi
-
-          # Note this identifier is used to find the comment to update on
-          # subsequent runs
-          echo '<!-- generated-comment mypy_primer -->' >> comment.txt
-
-          echo '## `mypy_primer` results' >> comment.txt
-          if [ -s "pr/mypy_primer_diff/mypy_primer.diff" ]; then
-            echo '<details>' >> comment.txt
-            echo '<summary>Changes were detected when running on open source projects</summary>' >> comment.txt
-            echo '' >> comment.txt
-            echo '```diff' >> comment.txt
-            cat pr/mypy_primer_diff/mypy_primer.diff >> comment.txt
-            echo '```' >> comment.txt
-            echo '</details>' >> comment.txt
-          else
-            echo 'No ecosystem changes detected ✅' >> comment.txt
-          fi
-
-          echo 'comment<<EOF' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          cat comment.txt >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo 'EOF' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-      - name: Find existing comment
-        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@3eae4d37986fb5a8592848f6a574fdf654e61f9e # v3.1.0
-        if: steps.generate-comment.outcome == 'success'
-        id: find-comment
-        with:
-          issue-number: ${{ steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number }}
-          comment-author: "github-actions[bot]"
-          body-includes: "<!-- generated-comment mypy_primer -->"
-
-      - name: Create or update comment
-        if: steps.find-comment.outcome == 'success'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@71345be0265236311c031f5c7866368bd1eff043 # v4
-        with:
-          comment-id: ${{ steps.find-comment.outputs.comment-id }}
-          issue-number: ${{ steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number }}
-          body-path: comment.txt
-          edit-mode: replace

.github/workflows/notify-dependents.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: "Update pre-commit mirror"
-        uses: actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.RUFF_PRE_COMMIT_PAT }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/pr-comment.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@20319c5641d495c8a52e688b7dc5fada6c3a9fbc # v8
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v7
         name: Download pull request number
         with:
           name: pr-number
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
             echo "pr-number=$(<pr-number)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           fi
 
-      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@20319c5641d495c8a52e688b7dc5fada6c3a9fbc # v8
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v7
         name: "Download ecosystem results"
         id: download-ecosystem-result
         if: steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
           echo 'EOF' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Find existing comment
-        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@3eae4d37986fb5a8592848f6a574fdf654e61f9e # v3.1.0
+        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@v3
         if: steps.generate-comment.outcome == 'success'
         id: find-comment
         with:
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Create or update comment
         if: steps.find-comment.outcome == 'success'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@71345be0265236311c031f5c7866368bd1eff043 # v4
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
         with:
           comment-id: ${{ steps.find-comment.outputs.comment-id }}
           issue-number: ${{ steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number }}

.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml

@@ -23,19 +23,18 @@ jobs:
     env:
       MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY != '' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
           persist-credentials: true
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
 
       - name: "Set docs version"
-        env:
-          version: ${{ (inputs.plan != '' && fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag) || inputs.ref }}
         run: |
+          version="${{ (inputs.plan != '' && fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag) || inputs.ref }}"
           # if version is missing, use 'latest'
           if [ -z "$version" ]; then
             echo "Using 'latest' as version"
@@ -61,14 +60,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: "Add SSH key"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@a6f90b1f127823b31d4d4a8d96047790581349bd # v0.9.1
+        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.9.0
         with:
           ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY }}
 
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
 
       - name: "Install Insiders dependencies"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}

.github/workflows/publish-playground.yml

@@ -24,31 +24,34 @@ jobs:
     env:
       CF_API_TOKEN_EXISTS: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN != '' }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 22
+          node-version: 20
           cache: "npm"
           cache-dependency-path: playground/package-lock.json
-      - uses: jetli/wasm-bindgen-action@20b33e20595891ab1a0ed73145d8a21fc96e7c29 # v0.2.0
+      - uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@v0.4.0
+      - uses: jetli/wasm-bindgen-action@v0.2.0
+      - name: "Run wasm-pack"
+        run: wasm-pack build --target web --out-dir ../../playground/src/pkg crates/ruff_wasm
       - name: "Install Node dependencies"
         run: npm ci
         working-directory: playground
       - name: "Run TypeScript checks"
         run: npm run check
         working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Build Ruff playground"
-        run: npm run build --workspace ruff-playground
+      - name: "Build JavaScript bundle"
+        run: npm run build
         working-directory: playground
       - name: "Deploy to Cloudflare Pages"
         if: ${{ env.CF_API_TOKEN_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@da0e0dfe58b7a431659754fdf3f186c529afbe65 # v3.14.1
+        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3.13.0
         with:
           apiToken: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN }}
           accountId: ${{ secrets.CF_ACCOUNT_ID }}
           # `github.head_ref` is only set during pull requests and for manual runs or tags we use `main` to deploy to production
-          command: pages deploy playground/ruff/dist --project-name=ruff-playground --branch ${{ github.head_ref || 'main' }} --commit-hash ${GITHUB_SHA}
+          command: pages deploy playground/dist --project-name=ruff-playground --branch ${{ github.head_ref || 'main' }} --commit-hash ${GITHUB_SHA}

.github/workflows/publish-pypi.yml

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ jobs:
       id-token: write
     steps:
       - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@6b9c6063abd6010835644d4c2e1bef4cf5cd0fca # v6.0.1
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: wheels-*
           path: wheels

.github/workflows/publish-ty-playground.yml

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# Publish the ty playground.
-name: "[ty Playground] Release"
-
-permissions: {}
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "crates/ty*/**"
-      - "crates/ruff_db/**"
-      - "crates/ruff_python_ast/**"
-      - "crates/ruff_python_parser/**"
-      - "playground/**"
-      - ".github/workflows/publish-ty-playground.yml"
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref_name }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-env:
-  CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
-  CARGO_NET_RETRY: 10
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  RUSTUP_MAX_RETRIES: 10
-
-jobs:
-  publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      CF_API_TOKEN_EXISTS: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN != '' }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
-        run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-      - uses: jetli/wasm-bindgen-action@20b33e20595891ab1a0ed73145d8a21fc96e7c29 # v0.2.0
-      - name: "Install Node dependencies"
-        run: npm ci
-        working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Run TypeScript checks"
-        run: npm run check
-        working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Build ty playground"
-        run: npm run build --workspace ty-playground
-        working-directory: playground
-      - name: "Deploy to Cloudflare Pages"
-        if: ${{ env.CF_API_TOKEN_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@da0e0dfe58b7a431659754fdf3f186c529afbe65 # v3.14.1
-        with:
-          apiToken: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN }}
-          accountId: ${{ secrets.CF_ACCOUNT_ID }}
-          # `github.head_ref` is only set during pull requests and for manual runs or tags we use `main` to deploy to production
-          command: pages deploy playground/ty/dist --project-name=ty-playground --branch ${{ github.head_ref || 'main' }} --commit-hash ${GITHUB_SHA}

.github/workflows/publish-wasm.yml

@@ -29,15 +29,13 @@ jobs:
         target: [web, bundler, nodejs]
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@0d096b08b4e5a7de8c28de67e11e945404e9eefa # v0.4.0
-        with:
-          version: v0.13.1
-      - uses: jetli/wasm-bindgen-action@20b33e20595891ab1a0ed73145d8a21fc96e7c29 # v0.2.0
+      - uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@v0.4.0
+      - uses: jetli/wasm-bindgen-action@v0.2.0
       - name: "Run wasm-pack build"
         run: wasm-pack build --target ${{ matrix.target }} crates/ruff_wasm
       - name: "Rename generated package"
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
           jq '.name="@astral-sh/ruff-wasm-${{ matrix.target }}"' crates/ruff_wasm/pkg/package.json > /tmp/package.json
           mv /tmp/package.json crates/ruff_wasm/pkg
       - run: cp LICENSE crates/ruff_wasm/pkg # wasm-pack does not put the LICENSE file in the pkg
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 20
           registry-url: "https://registry.npmjs.org"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by dist: https://github.com/astral-sh/cargo-dist
+# This file was autogenerated by dist: https://opensource.axo.dev/cargo-dist/
 #
 # Copyright 2022-2024, axodotdev
-# Copyright 2025 Astral Software Inc.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT or Apache-2.0
 #
 # CI that:
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ permissions:
 # If there's a prerelease-style suffix to the version, then the release(s)
 # will be marked as a prerelease.
 on:
-  pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       tag:
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   # Run 'dist plan' (or host) to determine what tasks we need to do
   plan:
-    runs-on: "depot-ubuntu-latest-4"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
     outputs:
       val: ${{ steps.plan.outputs.manifest }}
       tag: ${{ (inputs.tag != 'dry-run' && inputs.tag) || '' }}
@@ -61,17 +59,16 @@ jobs:
     env:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@85e6279cec87321a52edac9c87bce653a07cf6c2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          persist-credentials: false
           submodules: recursive
       - name: Install dist
         # we specify bash to get pipefail; it guards against the `curl` command
         # failing. otherwise `sh` won't catch that `curl` returned non-0
         shell: bash
-        run: "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/astral-sh/cargo-dist/releases/download/v0.28.5-prerelease.1/cargo-dist-installer.sh | sh"
+        run: "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/axodotdev/cargo-dist/releases/download/v0.25.2-prerelease.3/cargo-dist-installer.sh | sh"
       - name: Cache dist
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@6027e3dd177782cd8ab9af838c04fd81a07f1d47
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: cargo-dist-cache
           path: ~/.cargo/bin/dist
@@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
           cat plan-dist-manifest.json
           echo "manifest=$(jq -c "." plan-dist-manifest.json)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: "Upload dist-manifest.json"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@6027e3dd177782cd8ab9af838c04fd81a07f1d47
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-plan-dist-manifest
           path: plan-dist-manifest.json
@@ -119,24 +116,23 @@ jobs:
       - plan
       - custom-build-binaries
       - custom-build-docker
-    runs-on: "depot-ubuntu-latest-4"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
     env:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME: target/distrib/global-dist-manifest.json
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@85e6279cec87321a52edac9c87bce653a07cf6c2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          persist-credentials: false
           submodules: recursive
       - name: Install cached dist
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: cargo-dist-cache
           path: ~/.cargo/bin/
       - run: chmod +x ~/.cargo/bin/dist
       # Get all the local artifacts for the global tasks to use (for e.g. checksums)
       - name: Fetch local artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: artifacts-*
           path: target/distrib/
@@ -154,7 +150,7 @@ jobs:
 
           cp dist-manifest.json "$BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME"
       - name: "Upload artifacts"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@6027e3dd177782cd8ab9af838c04fd81a07f1d47
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: artifacts-build-global
           path: |
@@ -171,23 +167,22 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ always() && needs.plan.outputs.publishing == 'true' && (needs.build-global-artifacts.result == 'skipped' || needs.build-global-artifacts.result == 'success') && (needs.custom-build-binaries.result == 'skipped' || needs.custom-build-binaries.result == 'success') && (needs.custom-build-docker.result == 'skipped' || needs.custom-build-docker.result == 'success') }}
     env:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-    runs-on: "depot-ubuntu-latest-4"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
     outputs:
       val: ${{ steps.host.outputs.manifest }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@85e6279cec87321a52edac9c87bce653a07cf6c2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          persist-credentials: false
           submodules: recursive
       - name: Install cached dist
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: cargo-dist-cache
           path: ~/.cargo/bin/
       - run: chmod +x ~/.cargo/bin/dist
       # Fetch artifacts from scratch-storage
       - name: Fetch artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: artifacts-*
           path: target/distrib/
@@ -201,7 +196,7 @@ jobs:
           cat dist-manifest.json
           echo "manifest=$(jq -c "." dist-manifest.json)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: "Upload dist-manifest.json"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@6027e3dd177782cd8ab9af838c04fd81a07f1d47
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           # Overwrite the previous copy
           name: artifacts-dist-manifest
@@ -247,17 +242,16 @@ jobs:
     # still allowing individual publish jobs to skip themselves (for prereleases).
     # "host" however must run to completion, no skipping allowed!
     if: ${{ always() && needs.host.result == 'success' && (needs.custom-publish-pypi.result == 'skipped' || needs.custom-publish-pypi.result == 'success') && (needs.custom-publish-wasm.result == 'skipped' || needs.custom-publish-wasm.result == 'success') }}
-    runs-on: "depot-ubuntu-latest-4"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
     env:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@85e6279cec87321a52edac9c87bce653a07cf6c2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          persist-credentials: false
           submodules: recursive
       # Create a GitHub Release while uploading all files to it
       - name: "Download GitHub Artifacts"
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: artifacts-*
           path: artifacts

.github/workflows/sync_typeshed.yaml

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         name: Checkout Ruff
         with:
           path: ruff
           persist-credentials: true
-      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         name: Checkout typeshed
         with:
           repository: python/typeshed
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Sync typeshed
         id: sync
         run: |
-          rm -rf ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed
-          mkdir ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed
-          cp typeshed/README.md ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed
-          cp typeshed/LICENSE ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed
-          cp -r typeshed/stdlib ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed/stdlib
-          rm -rf ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed/stdlib/@tests
-          git -C typeshed rev-parse HEAD > ruff/crates/ty_vendored/vendor/typeshed/source_commit.txt
+          rm -rf ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed
+          mkdir ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed
+          cp typeshed/README.md ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed
+          cp typeshed/LICENSE ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed
+          cp -r typeshed/stdlib ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed/stdlib
+          rm -rf ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed/stdlib/@tests
+          git -C typeshed rev-parse HEAD > ruff/crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/typeshed/source_commit.txt
       - name: Commit the changes
         id: commit
         if: ${{ steps.sync.outcome == 'success' }}
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       issues: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
@@ -78,6 +78,5 @@ jobs:
               owner: "astral-sh",
               repo: "ruff",
               title: `Automated typeshed sync failed on ${new Date().toDateString()}`,
-              body: "Run listed here: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
-              labels: ["bug", "ty"],
+              body: "Runs are listed here: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/actions/workflows/sync_typeshed.yaml",
             })

.github/zizmor.yml

@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
 # Configuration for the zizmor static analysis tool, run via pre-commit in CI
 # https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/configuration/
-#
-# TODO: can we remove the ignores here so that our workflows are more secure?
 rules:
   dangerous-triggers:
     ignore:
       - pr-comment.yaml
-  cache-poisoning:
-    ignore:
-      - build-docker.yml
-      - publish-playground.yml
-  excessive-permissions:
-    # it's hard to test what the impact of removing these ignores would be
-    # without actually running the release workflow...
-    ignore:
-      - build-docker.yml
-      - publish-playground.yml
-      - publish-docs.yml

.gitignore

@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@ tracing.folded
 tracing-flamechart.svg
 tracing-flamegraph.svg
 
-# insta
-*.rs.pending-snap
-
-
 ###
 # Rust.gitignore
 ###

.ignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-!/.github/

.markdownlint.yaml

@@ -29,7 +29,3 @@ MD024:
 #
 # Ref: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15011#issuecomment-2544790854
 MD046: false
-
-# Link text should be descriptive
-# Disallows link text like *here* which is annoying.
-MD059: false

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ fail_fast: false
 exclude: |
   (?x)^(
     .github/workflows/release.yml|
-    crates/ty_vendored/vendor/.*|
-    crates/ty_project/resources/.*|
-    crates/ty/docs/(configuration|rules|cli).md|
-    crates/ruff_benchmark/resources/.*|
+    crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/.*|
+    crates/red_knot_workspace/resources/.*|
     crates/ruff_linter/resources/.*|
     crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/.*/snapshots/.*|
     crates/ruff_notebook/resources/.*|
@@ -19,18 +17,13 @@ exclude: |
   )$
 
 repos:
-  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v5.0.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: check-merge-conflict
-
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.24.1
+    rev: v0.23
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
 
   - repo: https://github.com/executablebooks/mdformat
-    rev: 0.7.22
+    rev: 0.7.21
     hooks:
       - id: mdformat
         additional_dependencies:
@@ -43,7 +36,7 @@ repos:
           )$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/igorshubovych/markdownlint-cli
-    rev: v0.45.0
+    rev: v0.43.0
     hooks:
       - id: markdownlint-fix
         exclude: |
@@ -63,10 +56,10 @@ repos:
             .*?invalid(_.+)*_syntax\.md
           )$
         additional_dependencies:
-          - black==25.1.0
+          - black==24.10.0
 
   - repo: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos
-    rev: v1.32.0
+    rev: v1.28.4
     hooks:
       - id: typos
 
@@ -80,7 +73,7 @@ repos:
         pass_filenames: false # This makes it a lot faster
 
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.11.10
+    rev: v0.8.4
     hooks:
       - id: ruff-format
       - id: ruff
@@ -90,7 +83,7 @@ repos:
 
   # Prettier
   - repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: v3.5.3
+    rev: v3.4.2
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
         types: [yaml]
@@ -98,19 +91,19 @@ repos:
   # zizmor detects security vulnerabilities in GitHub Actions workflows.
   # Additional configuration for the tool is found in `.github/zizmor.yml`
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v1.7.0
+    rev: v0.10.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.33.0
+    rev: 0.30.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
 
   # `actionlint` hook, for verifying correct syntax in GitHub Actions workflows.
   # Some additional configuration for `actionlint` can be found in `.github/actionlint.yaml`.
   - repo: https://github.com/rhysd/actionlint
-    rev: v1.7.7
+    rev: v1.7.5
     hooks:
       - id: actionlint
         stages:

BREAKING_CHANGES.md

@@ -1,59 +1,5 @@
 # Breaking Changes
 
-## 0.11.0
-
-This is a follow-up to release 0.10.0. Because of a mistake in the release process, the `requires-python` inference changes were not included in that release. Ruff 0.11.0 now includes this change as well as the stabilization of the preview behavior for `PGH004`.
-
-- **Changes to how the Python version is inferred when a `target-version` is not specified** ([#16319](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16319))
-
-    In previous versions of Ruff, you could specify your Python version with:
-
-    - The `target-version` option in a `ruff.toml` file or the `[tool.ruff]` section of a pyproject.toml file.
-    - The `project.requires-python` field in a `pyproject.toml` file with a `[tool.ruff]` section.
-
-    These options worked well in most cases, and are still recommended for fine control of the Python version. However, because of the way Ruff discovers config files, `pyproject.toml` files without a `[tool.ruff]` section would be ignored, including the `requires-python` setting. Ruff would then use the default Python version (3.9 as of this writing) instead, which is surprising when you've attempted to request another version.
-
-    In v0.10, config discovery has been updated to address this issue:
-
-    - If Ruff finds a `ruff.toml` file without a `target-version`, it will check
-        for a `pyproject.toml` file in the same directory and respect its
-        `requires-python` version, even if it does not contain a `[tool.ruff]`
-        section.
-    - If Ruff finds a user-level configuration, the `requires-python` field of the closest `pyproject.toml` in a parent directory will take precedence.
-    - If there is no config file (`ruff.toml`or `pyproject.toml` with a
-        `[tool.ruff]` section) in the directory of the file being checked, Ruff will
-        search for the closest `pyproject.toml` in the parent directories and use its
-        `requires-python` setting.
-
-## 0.10.0
-
-- **Changes to how the Python version is inferred when a `target-version` is not specified** ([#16319](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16319))
-
-    Because of a mistake in the release process, the `requires-python` inference changes are not included in this release and instead shipped as part of 0.11.0.
-    You can find a description of this change in the 0.11.0 section.
-
-- **Updated `TYPE_CHECKING` behavior** ([#16669](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16669))
-
-    Previously, Ruff only recognized typechecking blocks that tested the `typing.TYPE_CHECKING` symbol. Now, Ruff recognizes any local variable named `TYPE_CHECKING`. This release also removes support for the legacy `if 0:` and `if False:` typechecking checks. Use a local `TYPE_CHECKING` variable instead.
-
-- **More robust noqa parsing** ([#16483](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16483))
-
-    The syntax for both file-level and in-line suppression comments has been unified and made more robust to certain errors. In most cases, this will result in more suppression comments being read by Ruff, but there are a few instances where previously read comments will now log an error to the user instead. Please refer to the documentation on [_Error suppression_](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/linter/#error-suppression) for the full specification.
-
-- **Avoid unnecessary parentheses around with statements with a single context manager and a trailing comment** ([#14005](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14005))
-
-    This change fixes a bug in the formatter where it introduced unnecessary parentheses around with statements with a single context manager and a trailing comment. This change may result in a change in formatting for some users.
-
-- **Bump alpine default tag to 3.21 for derived Docker images** ([#16456](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16456))
-
-    Alpine 3.21 was released in Dec 2024 and is used in the official Alpine-based Python images. Now the ruff:alpine image will use 3.21 instead of 3.20 and ruff:alpine3.20 will no longer be updated.
-
-- **\[`unsafe-markup-use`\]: `RUF035` has been recoded to `S704`** ([#15957](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15957))
-
-## 0.9.0
-
-Ruff now formats your code according to the 2025 style guide. As a result, your code might now get formatted differently. See the [changelog](./CHANGELOG.md#090) for a detailed list of changes.
-
 ## 0.8.0
 
 - **Default to Python 3.9**
@@ -259,8 +205,8 @@ This change only affects those using Ruff under its default rule set. Users that
 
 ### Remove support for emoji identifiers ([#7212](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/7212))
 
-Previously, Ruff supported non-standards-compliant emoji identifiers such as `📦 = 1`.
-We decided to remove this non-standard language extension. Ruff now reports syntax errors for invalid emoji identifiers in your code, the same as CPython.
+Previously, Ruff supported the non-standard compliant emoji identifiers e.g. `📦 = 1`.
+We decided to remove this non-standard language extension, and Ruff now reports syntax errors for emoji identifiers in your code, the same as CPython.
 
 ### Improved GitLab fingerprints ([#7203](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/7203))
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,960 +1,5 @@
 # Changelog
 
-## 0.11.11
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Add autofixes for `AIR302` and `AIR312` ([#17942](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17942))
-- \[`airflow`\] Move rules from `AIR312` to `AIR302` ([#17940](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17940))
-- \[`airflow`\] Update `AIR301` and `AIR311` with the latest Airflow implementations ([#17985](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17985))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Enable fix in preview mode (`SIM117`) ([#18208](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18208))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Fix inconsistent formatting of match-case on `[]` and `_` ([#18147](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18147))
-- \[`pylint`\] Fix `PLW1514` not recognizing the `encoding` positional argument of `codecs.open` ([#18109](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18109))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Add full option name in formatter warning ([#18217](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18217))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Fix rendering of admonition in docs ([#18163](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18163))
-- \[`flake8-print`\] Improve print/pprint docs for `T201` and `T203` ([#18130](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18130))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Add fix safety section (`SIM110`,`SIM210`) ([#18114](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18114),[#18100](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18100))
-- \[`pylint`\] Fix docs example that produced different output (`PLW0603`) ([#18216](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18216))
-
-## 0.11.10
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement a recursive check for `RUF060` ([#17976](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17976))
-- \[`airflow`\] Enable autofixes for `AIR301` and `AIR311` ([#17941](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17941))
-- \[`airflow`\] Apply try catch guard to all `AIR3` rules ([#17887](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17887))
-- \[`airflow`\] Extend `AIR311` rules ([#17913](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17913))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Ignore `B028` if `skip_file_prefixes` is present ([#18047](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18047))
-- \[`flake8-pie`\] Mark autofix for `PIE804` as unsafe if the dictionary contains comments ([#18046](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18046))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Correct behavior for `str.split`/`rsplit` with `maxsplit=0` (`SIM905`) ([#18075](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18075))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Fix `SIM905` autofix for `rsplit` creating a reversed list literal ([#18045](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18045))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Suppress diagnostics for all `os.*` functions that have the `dir_fd` parameter (`PTH`) ([#17968](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17968))
-- \[`refurb`\] Mark autofix as safe only for number literals (`FURB116`) ([#17692](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17692))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Skip `S608` for expressionless f-strings ([#17999](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17999))
-- \[`flake8-pytest-style`\] Don't recommend `usefixtures` for `parametrize` values (`PT019`) ([#17650](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17650))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Add `resource.error` as deprecated alias of `OSError` (`UP024`) ([#17933](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17933))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Disable jemalloc on Android ([#18033](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18033))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Update Neovim setup docs ([#18108](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18108))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Add fix safety section (`SIM103`) ([#18086](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18086))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Add fix safety section (`SIM112`) ([#18099](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/18099))
-- \[`pylint`\] Add fix safety section (`PLC0414`) ([#17802](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17802))
-- \[`pylint`\] Add fix safety section (`PLE4703`) ([#17824](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17824))
-- \[`pylint`\] Add fix safety section (`PLW1514`) ([#17932](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17932))
-- \[`pylint`\] Add fix safety section (`PLW3301`) ([#17878](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17878))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add fix safety section (`RUF007`) ([#17755](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17755))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add fix safety section (`RUF033`) ([#17760](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17760))
-
-## 0.11.9
-
-### Preview features
-
-- Default to latest supported Python version for version-related syntax errors ([#17529](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17529))
-- Implement deferred annotations for Python 3.14 ([#17658](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17658))
-- \[`airflow`\] Fix `SQLTableCheckOperator` typo (`AIR302`) ([#17946](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17946))
-- \[`airflow`\] Remove `airflow.utils.dag_parsing_context.get_parsing_context` (`AIR301`) ([#17852](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17852))
-- \[`airflow`\] Skip attribute check in try catch block (`AIR301`) ([#17790](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17790))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Mark tuples of string literals as trusted input in `S603` ([#17801](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17801))
-- \[`isort`\] Check full module path against project root(s) when categorizing first-party imports ([#16565](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16565))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add new rule `in-empty-collection` (`RUF060`) ([#16480](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16480))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Fix missing `combine` call for `lint.typing-extensions` setting ([#17823](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17823))
-- \[`flake8-async`\] Fix module name in `ASYNC110`, `ASYNC115`, and `ASYNC116` fixes ([#17774](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17774))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Add spaces between tokens as necessary to avoid syntax errors in `UP018` autofix ([#17648](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17648))
-- \[`refurb`\] Fix false positive for float and complex numbers in `FURB116` ([#17661](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17661))
-- [parser] Flag single unparenthesized generator expr with trailing comma in arguments. ([#17893](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17893))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Add instructions on how to upgrade to a newer Rust version ([#17928](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17928))
-- Update code of conduct email address ([#17875](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17875))
-- Add fix safety sections to `PLC2801`, `PLR1722`, and `RUF013` ([#17825](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17825), [#17826](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17826), [#17759](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17759))
-- Add link to `check-typed-exception` from `S110` and `S112` ([#17786](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17786))
-
-### Other changes
-
-- Allow passing a virtual environment to `ruff analyze graph` ([#17743](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17743))
-
-## 0.11.8
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Apply auto fixes to cases where the names have changed in Airflow 3 (`AIR302`, `AIR311`) ([#17553](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17553), [#17570](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17570), [#17571](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17571))
-- \[`airflow`\] Extend `AIR301` rule ([#17598](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17598))
-- \[`airflow`\] Update existing `AIR302` rules with better suggestions ([#17542](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17542))
-- \[`refurb`\] Mark fix as safe for `readlines-in-for` (`FURB129`) ([#17644](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17644))
-- [syntax-errors] `nonlocal` declaration at module level ([#17559](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17559))
-- [syntax-errors] Detect single starred expression assignment `x = *y` ([#17624](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17624))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Ensure `Literal[None,] | Literal[None,]` is not autofixed to `None | None` (`PYI061`) ([#17659](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17659))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Avoid suggesting `Path.iterdir()` for `os.listdir` with file descriptor (`PTH208`) ([#17715](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17715))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Fix `PTH104` false positive when `rename` is passed a file descriptor ([#17712](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17712))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Fix `PTH116` false positive when `stat` is passed a file descriptor ([#17709](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17709))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Fix `PTH123` false positive when `open` is passed a file descriptor from a function call ([#17705](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17705))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Fix duplicated diagnostic in `E712` ([#17651](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17651))
-- \[`pylint`\] Detect `global` declarations in module scope (`PLE0118`) ([#17411](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17411))
-- [syntax-errors] Make `async-comprehension-in-sync-comprehension` more specific ([#17460](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17460))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- Add option to disable `typing_extensions` imports ([#17611](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17611))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Fix example syntax for the `lint.pydocstyle.ignore-var-parameters` option ([#17740](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17740))
-- Add fix safety sections (`ASYNC116`, `FLY002`, `D200`, `RUF005`, `RUF017`, `RUF027`, `RUF028`, `RUF057`) ([#17497](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17497), [#17496](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17496), [#17502](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17502), [#17484](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17484), [#17480](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17480), [#17485](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17485), [#17722](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17722), [#17483](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17483))
-
-### Other changes
-
-- Add Python 3.14 to configuration options ([#17647](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17647))
-- Make syntax error for unparenthesized except tuples version specific to before 3.14 ([#17660](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17660))
-
-## 0.11.7
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Apply auto fixes to cases where the names have changed in Airflow 3 (`AIR301`) ([#17355](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17355))
-- \[`perflint`\] Implement fix for `manual-dict-comprehension` (`PERF403`) ([#16719](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16719))
-- [syntax-errors] Make duplicate parameter names a semantic error ([#17131](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17131))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Fix typos in provider package names (`AIR302`, `AIR312`) ([#17574](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17574))
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Visit keyword arguments in checks involving `typing.cast`/`typing.NewType` arguments ([#17538](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17538))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Preserve parenthesis when fixing native literals containing newlines (`UP018`) ([#17220](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17220))
-- \[`refurb`\] Mark the `FURB161` fix unsafe except for integers and booleans ([#17240](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17240))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`perflint`\] Allow list function calls to be replaced with a comprehension (`PERF401`) ([#17519](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17519))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Auto-fix redundant boolean comparison (`E712`) ([#17090](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17090))
-- \[`pylint`\] make fix unsafe if delete comments (`PLR1730`) ([#17459](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17459))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Add fix safety sections to docs for several rules ([#17410](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17410),[#17440](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17440),[#17441](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17441),[#17443](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17443),[#17444](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17444))
-
-## 0.11.6
-
-### Preview features
-
-- Avoid adding whitespace to the end of a docstring after an escaped quote ([#17216](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17216))
-- \[`airflow`\] Extract `AIR311` from `AIR301` rules (`AIR301`, `AIR311`) ([#17310](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17310), [#17422](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17422))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Raise syntax error when `\` is at end of file ([#17409](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17409))
-
-## 0.11.5
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Add missing `AIR302` attribute check ([#17115](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17115))
-- \[`airflow`\] Expand module path check to individual symbols (`AIR302`) ([#17278](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17278))
-- \[`airflow`\] Extract `AIR312` from `AIR302` rules (`AIR302`, `AIR312`) ([#17152](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17152))
-- \[`airflow`\] Update oudated `AIR301`, `AIR302` rules ([#17123](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17123))
-- [syntax-errors] Async comprehension in sync comprehension ([#17177](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17177))
-- [syntax-errors] Check annotations in annotated assignments ([#17283](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17283))
-- [syntax-errors] Extend annotation checks to `await` ([#17282](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17282))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-pie`\] Avoid false positive for multiple assignment with `auto()` (`PIE796`) ([#17274](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17274))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`ruff`\] Fix `RUF100` to detect unused file-level `noqa` directives with specific codes (#17042) ([#17061](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17061))
-- \[`flake8-pytest-style`\] Avoid false positive for legacy form of `pytest.raises` (`PT011`) ([#17231](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17231))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Fix formatting of "See Style Guide" link ([#17272](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17272))
-
-## 0.11.4
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `invalid-rule-code` as `RUF102` ([#17138](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17138))
-- [syntax-errors] Detect duplicate keys in `match` mapping patterns ([#17129](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17129))
-- [syntax-errors] Detect duplicate attributes in `match` class patterns ([#17186](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17186))
-- [syntax-errors] Detect invalid syntax in annotations ([#17101](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17101))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- [syntax-errors] Fix multiple assignment error for class fields in `match` patterns ([#17184](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17184))
-- Don't skip visiting non-tuple slice in `typing.Annotated` subscripts ([#17201](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17201))
-
-## 0.11.3
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Add more autofixes for `AIR302` ([#16876](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16876), [#16977](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16977), [#16976](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16976), [#16965](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16965))
-- \[`airflow`\] Move `AIR301` to `AIR002` ([#16978](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16978))
-- \[`airflow`\] Move `AIR302` to `AIR301` and `AIR303` to `AIR302` ([#17151](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17151))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Mark `str` and `list[str]` literals as trusted input (`S603`) ([#17136](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17136))
-- \[`ruff`\] Support slices in `RUF005` ([#17078](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17078))
-- [syntax-errors] Start detecting compile-time syntax errors ([#16106](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16106))
-- [syntax-errors] Duplicate type parameter names ([#16858](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16858))
-- [syntax-errors] Irrefutable `case` pattern before final case ([#16905](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16905))
-- [syntax-errors] Multiple assignments in `case` pattern ([#16957](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16957))
-- [syntax-errors] Single starred assignment target ([#17024](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17024))
-- [syntax-errors] Starred expressions in `return`, `yield`, and `for` ([#17134](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17134))
-- [syntax-errors] Store to or delete `__debug__` ([#16984](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16984))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Error instead of `panic!` when running Ruff from a deleted directory (#16903) ([#17054](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17054))
-- [syntax-errors] Fix false positive for parenthesized tuple index ([#16948](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16948))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Check `pyproject.toml` correctly when it is passed via stdin ([#16971](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16971))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- \[`flake8-import-conventions`\] Add import `numpy.typing as npt` to default `flake8-import-conventions.aliases` ([#17133](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/17133))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- \[`refurb`\] Document why `UserDict`, `UserList`, and `UserString` are preferred over `dict`, `list`, and `str` (`FURB189`) ([#16927](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16927))
-
-## 0.11.2
-
-### Preview features
-
-- [syntax-errors] Fix false-positive syntax errors emitted for annotations on variadic parameters before Python 3.11 ([#16878](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16878))
-
-## 0.11.1
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Add `chain`, `chain_linear` and `cross_downstream` for `AIR302` ([#16647](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16647))
-- [syntax-errors] Improve error message and range for pre-PEP-614 decorator syntax errors ([#16581](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16581))
-- [syntax-errors] PEP 701 f-strings before Python 3.12 ([#16543](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16543))
-- [syntax-errors] Parenthesized context managers before Python 3.9 ([#16523](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16523))
-- [syntax-errors] Star annotations before Python 3.11 ([#16545](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16545))
-- [syntax-errors] Star expression in index before Python 3.11 ([#16544](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16544))
-- [syntax-errors] Unparenthesized assignment expressions in sets and indexes ([#16404](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16404))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Server: Allow `FixAll` action in presence of version-specific syntax errors ([#16848](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16848))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Allow raw strings in `suspicious-mark-safe-usage` (`S308`) #16702 ([#16770](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16770))
-- \[`refurb`\] Avoid panicking `unwrap` in `verbose-decimal-constructor` (`FURB157`) ([#16777](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16777))
-- \[`refurb`\] Fix starred expressions fix (`FURB161`) ([#16550](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16550))
-- Fix `--statistics` reporting for unsafe fixes ([#16756](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16756))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-executables`\] Allow `uv run` in shebang line for `shebang-missing-python` (`EXE003`) ([#16849](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16849),[#16855](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16855))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Add `--exit-non-zero-on-format` ([#16009](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16009))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Update Ruff tutorial to avoid non-existent fix in `__init__.py` ([#16818](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16818))
-- \[`flake8-gettext`\] Swap `format-` and `printf-in-get-text-func-call` examples (`INT002`, `INT003`) ([#16769](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16769))
-
-## 0.11.0
-
-This is a follow-up to release 0.10.0. Because of a mistake in the release process, the `requires-python` inference changes were not included in that release. Ruff 0.11.0 now includes this change as well as the stabilization of the preview behavior for `PGH004`.
-
-### Breaking changes
-
-- **Changes to how the Python version is inferred when a `target-version` is not specified** ([#16319](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16319))
-
-    In previous versions of Ruff, you could specify your Python version with:
-
-    - The `target-version` option in a `ruff.toml` file or the `[tool.ruff]` section of a pyproject.toml file.
-    - The `project.requires-python` field in a `pyproject.toml` file with a `[tool.ruff]` section.
-
-    These options worked well in most cases, and are still recommended for fine control of the Python version. However, because of the way Ruff discovers config files, `pyproject.toml` files without a `[tool.ruff]` section would be ignored, including the `requires-python` setting. Ruff would then use the default Python version (3.9 as of this writing) instead, which is surprising when you've attempted to request another version.
-
-    In v0.10, config discovery has been updated to address this issue:
-
-    - If Ruff finds a `ruff.toml` file without a `target-version`, it will check
-        for a `pyproject.toml` file in the same directory and respect its
-        `requires-python` version, even if it does not contain a `[tool.ruff]`
-        section.
-    - If Ruff finds a user-level configuration, the `requires-python` field of the closest `pyproject.toml` in a parent directory will take precedence.
-    - If there is no config file (`ruff.toml`or `pyproject.toml` with a
-        `[tool.ruff]` section) in the directory of the file being checked, Ruff will
-        search for the closest `pyproject.toml` in the parent directories and use its
-        `requires-python` setting.
-
-### Stabilization
-
-The following behaviors have been stabilized:
-
-- [`blanket-noqa`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/blanket-noqa/) (`PGH004`): Also detect blanked file-level noqa comments (and not just line level comments).
-
-### Preview features
-
-- [syntax-errors] Tuple unpacking in `for` statement iterator clause before Python 3.9 ([#16558](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16558))
-
-## 0.10.0
-
-Check out the [blog post](https://astral.sh/blog/ruff-v0.10.0) for a migration guide and overview of the changes!
-
-### Breaking changes
-
-See also, the "Remapped rules" section which may result in disabled rules.
-
-- **Changes to how the Python version is inferred when a `target-version` is not specified** ([#16319](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16319))
-
-    Because of a mistake in the release process, the `requires-python` inference changes are not included in this release and instead shipped as part of 0.11.0.
-    You can find a description of this change in the 0.11.0 section.
-
-- **Updated `TYPE_CHECKING` behavior** ([#16669](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16669))
-
-    Previously, Ruff only recognized typechecking blocks that tested the `typing.TYPE_CHECKING` symbol. Now, Ruff recognizes any local variable named `TYPE_CHECKING`. This release also removes support for the legacy `if 0:` and `if False:` typechecking checks. Use a local `TYPE_CHECKING` variable instead.
-
-- **More robust noqa parsing** ([#16483](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16483))
-
-    The syntax for both file-level and in-line suppression comments has been unified and made more robust to certain errors. In most cases, this will result in more suppression comments being read by Ruff, but there are a few instances where previously read comments will now log an error to the user instead. Please refer to the documentation on [*Error suppression*](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/linter/#error-suppression) for the full specification.
-
-- **Avoid unnecessary parentheses around with statements with a single context manager and a trailing comment** ([#14005](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14005))
-
-    This change fixes a bug in the formatter where it introduced unnecessary parentheses around with statements with a single context manager and a trailing comment. This change may result in a change in formatting for some users.
-
-- **Bump alpine default tag to 3.21 for derived Docker images** ([#16456](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16456))
-
-    Alpine 3.21 was released in Dec 2024 and is used in the official Alpine-based Python images. Now the ruff:alpine image will use 3.21 instead of 3.20 and ruff:alpine3.20 will no longer be updated.
-
-### Deprecated Rules
-
-The following rules have been deprecated:
-
-- [`non-pep604-isinstance`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep604-isinstance/) (`UP038`)
-- [`suspicious-xmle-tree-usage`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/suspicious-xmle-tree-usage/) (`S320`)
-
-### Remapped rules
-
-The following rules have been remapped to new rule codes:
-
-- \[`unsafe-markup-use`\]: `RUF035` to `S704`
-
-### Stabilization
-
-The following rules have been stabilized and are no longer in preview:
-
-- [`batched-without-explicit-strict`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/batched-without-explicit-strict) (`B911`)
-- [`unnecessary-dict-comprehension-for-iterable`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-dict-comprehension-for-iterable) (`C420`)
-- [`datetime-min-max`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/datetime-min-max) (`DTZ901`)
-- [`fast-api-unused-path-parameter`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/fast-api-unused-path-parameter) (`FAST003`)
-- [`root-logger-call`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/root-logger-call) (`LOG015`)
-- [`len-test`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/len-test) (`PLC1802`)
-- [`shallow-copy-environ`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/shallow-copy-environ) (`PLW1507`)
-- [`os-listdir`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/os-listdir) (`PTH208`)
-- [`invalid-pathlib-with-suffix`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-pathlib-with-suffix) (`PTH210`)
-- [`invalid-assert-message-literal-argument`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-assert-message-literal-argument) (`RUF040`)
-- [`unnecessary-nested-literal`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-nested-literal) (`RUF041`)
-- [`unnecessary-cast-to-int`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-cast-to-int) (`RUF046`)
-- [`map-int-version-parsing`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/map-int-version-parsing) (`RUF048`)
-- [`if-key-in-dict-del`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/if-key-in-dict-del) (`RUF051`)
-- [`unsafe-markup-use`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unsafe-markup-use) (`S704`). This rule has also been renamed from `RUF035`.
-- [`split-static-string`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/split-static-string) (`SIM905`)
-- [`runtime-cast-value`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/runtime-cast-value) (`TC006`)
-- [`unquoted-type-alias`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unquoted-type-alias) (`TC007`)
-- [`non-pep646-unpack`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep646-unpack) (`UP044`)
-
-The following behaviors have been stabilized:
-
-- [`bad-staticmethod-argument`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/bad-staticmethod-argument/) (`PLW0211`) [`invalid-first-argument-name-for-class-method`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-first-argument-name-for-class-method/) (`N804`): `__new__` methods are now no longer flagged by `invalid-first-argument-name-for-class-method` (`N804`) but instead by `bad-staticmethod-argument` (`PLW0211`)
-- [`bad-str-strip-call`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/bad-str-strip-call/) (`PLE1310`): The rule now applies to objects which are known to have type `str` or `bytes`.
-- [`custom-type-var-for-self`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/custom-type-var-for-self/) (`PYI019`): More accurate detection of custom `TypeVars` replaceable by `Self`. The range of the diagnostic is now the full function header rather than just the return annotation.
-- [`invalid-argument-name`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-argument-name/) (`N803`): Ignore argument names of functions decorated with `typing.override`
-- [`invalid-envvar-default`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-envvar-default/) (`PLW1508`): Detect default value arguments to `os.environ.get` with invalid type.
-- [`pytest-raises-with-multiple-statements`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pytest-raises-with-multiple-statements/) (`PT012`) [`pytest-warns-with-multiple-statements`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pytest-warns-with-multiple-statements/) (`PT031`): Allow `for` statements with an empty body in `pytest.raises` and `pytest.warns` `with` statements.
-- [`redundant-open-modes`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/redundant-open-modes/) (`UP015`): The diagnostic range is now the range of the redundant mode argument where it previously was the range of the entire open call. You may have to replace your `noqa` comments when suppressing `UP015`.
-- [`stdlib-module-shadowing`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/stdlib-module-shadowing/) (`A005`): Changes the default value of `lint.flake8-builtins.strict-checking` from `true` to `false`.
-- [`type-none-comparison`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/type-none-comparison/) (`FURB169`): Now also recognizes `type(expr) is type(None)` comparisons where `expr` isn't a name expression.
-
-The following fixes or improvements to fixes have been stabilized:
-
-- [`repeated-equality-comparison`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/repeated-equality-comparison/) (`PLR1714`) ([#16685](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16685))
-- [`needless-bool`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/needless-bool/) (`SIM103`) ([#16684](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16684))
-- [`unused-private-type-var`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unused-private-type-var/) (`PYI018`) ([#16682](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16682))
-
-### Server
-
-- Remove logging output for `ruff.printDebugInformation` ([#16617](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16617))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- \[`flake8-builtins`\] Deprecate the `builtins-` prefixed options in favor of the unprefixed options (e.g. `builtins-allowed-modules` is now deprecated in favor of `allowed-modules`) ([#16092](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16092))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- [flake8-bandit] Fix mixed-case hash algorithm names (S324) ([#16552](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16552))
-
-### CLI
-
-- [ruff] Fix `last_tag`/`commits_since_last_tag` for `version` command ([#16686](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16686))
-
-## 0.9.10
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`ruff`\] Add new rule `RUF059`: Unused unpacked assignment ([#16449](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16449))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Detect assignment expressions before Python 3.8 ([#16383](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16383))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Named expressions in decorators before Python 3.9 ([#16386](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16386))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Parenthesized keyword argument names after Python 3.8 ([#16482](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16482))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Positional-only parameters before Python 3.8 ([#16481](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16481))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Tuple unpacking in `return` and `yield` before Python 3.8 ([#16485](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16485))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Type parameter defaults before Python 3.13 ([#16447](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16447))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] Type parameter lists before Python 3.12 ([#16479](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16479))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] `except*` before Python 3.11 ([#16446](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16446))
-- \[`syntax-errors`\] `type` statements before Python 3.12 ([#16478](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16478))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Escape template filenames in glob patterns in configuration ([#16407](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16407))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Exempt unittest context methods for `SIM115` rule ([#16439](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16439))
-- Formatter: Fix syntax error location in notebooks ([#16499](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16499))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Do not offer fix when at least one target is `global`/`nonlocal` (`UP028`) ([#16451](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16451))
-- \[`flake8-builtins`\] Ignore variables matching module attribute names (`A001`) ([#16454](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16454))
-- \[`pylint`\] Convert `code` keyword argument to a positional argument in fix for (`PLR1722`) ([#16424](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16424))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Move rule code from `description` to `check_name` in GitLab output serializer ([#16437](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16437))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- \[`pydocstyle`\] Clarify that `D417` only checks docstrings with an arguments section ([#16494](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16494))
-
-## 0.9.9
-
-### Preview features
-
-- Fix caching of unsupported-syntax errors ([#16425](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16425))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Only show unsupported-syntax errors in editors when preview mode is enabled ([#16429](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16429))
-
-## 0.9.8
-
-### Preview features
-
-- Start detecting version-related syntax errors in the parser ([#16090](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16090))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`pylint`\] Mark fix unsafe (`PLW1507`) ([#16343](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16343))
-- \[`pylint`\] Catch `case np.nan`/`case math.nan` in `match` statements (`PLW0177`) ([#16378](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16378))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add more Pydantic models variants to the list of default copy semantics (`RUF012`) ([#16291](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16291))
-
-### Server
-
-- Avoid indexing the project if `configurationPreference` is `editorOnly` ([#16381](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16381))
-- Avoid unnecessary info at non-trace server log level ([#16389](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16389))
-- Expand `ruff.configuration` to allow inline config ([#16296](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16296))
-- Notify users for invalid client settings ([#16361](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16361))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- Add `per-file-target-version` option ([#16257](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16257))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`refurb`\] Do not consider docstring(s) (`FURB156`) ([#16391](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16391))
-- \[`flake8-self`\] Ignore attribute accesses on instance-like variables (`SLF001`) ([#16149](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16149))
-- \[`pylint`\] Fix false positives, add missing methods, and support positional-only parameters (`PLE0302`) ([#16263](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16263))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Mark `PYI030` fix unsafe when comments are deleted ([#16322](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16322))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Fix example for `S611` ([#16316](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16316))
-- Normalize inconsistent markdown headings in docstrings ([#16364](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16364))
-- Document MSRV policy ([#16384](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16384))
-
-## 0.9.7
-
-### Preview features
-
-- Consider `__new__` methods as special function type for enforcing class method or static method rules ([#13305](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13305))
-- \[`airflow`\] Improve the internal logic to differentiate deprecated symbols (`AIR303`) ([#16013](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16013))
-- \[`refurb`\] Manual timezone monkeypatching (`FURB162`) ([#16113](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16113))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implicit class variable in dataclass (`RUF045`) ([#14349](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14349))
-- \[`ruff`\] Skip singleton starred expressions for `incorrectly-parenthesized-tuple-in-subscript` (`RUF031`) ([#16083](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16083))
-- \[`refurb`\] Check for subclasses includes subscript expressions (`FURB189`) ([#16155](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16155))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-debugger`\] Also flag `sys.breakpointhook` and `sys.__breakpointhook__` (`T100`) ([#16191](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16191))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Exempt `site.addsitedir(...)` calls (`E402`) ([#16251](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16251))
-
-### Formatter
-
-- Fix unstable formatting of trailing end-of-line comments of parenthesized attribute values ([#16187](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16187))
-
-### Server
-
-- Fix handling of requests received after shutdown message ([#16262](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16262))
-- Ignore `source.organizeImports.ruff` and `source.fixAll.ruff` code actions for a notebook cell ([#16154](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16154))
-- Include document specific debug info for `ruff.printDebugInformation` ([#16215](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16215))
-- Update server to return the debug info as string with `ruff.printDebugInformation` ([#16214](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16214))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Warn on invalid `noqa` even when there are no diagnostics ([#16178](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16178))
-- Better error messages while loading configuration `extend`s ([#15658](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15658))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Handle trailing comma in `C403` fix ([#16110](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16110))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Avoid flagging `custom-typevar-for-self` on metaclass methods (`PYI019`) ([#16141](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16141))
-- \[`pydocstyle`\] Handle arguments with the same names as sections (`D417`) ([#16011](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16011))
-- \[`pylint`\] Correct ordering of arguments in fix for `if-stmt-min-max` (`PLR1730`) ([#16080](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16080))
-- \[`pylint`\] Do not offer fix for raw strings (`PLE251`) ([#16132](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16132))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Do not upgrade functional `TypedDicts` with private field names to the class-based syntax (`UP013`) ([#16219](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16219))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Handle micro version numbers correctly (`UP036`) ([#16091](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16091))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Unwrap unary expressions correctly (`UP018`) ([#15919](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15919))
-- \[`refurb`\] Correctly handle lengths of literal strings in `slice-to-remove-prefix-or-suffix` (`FURB188`) ([#16237](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16237))
-- \[`ruff`\] Skip `RUF001` diagnostics when visiting string type definitions ([#16122](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16122))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Add FAQ entry for `source.*` code actions in Notebook ([#16212](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16212))
-- Add `SECURITY.md` ([#16224](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16224))
-
-## 0.9.6
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Add `external_task.{ExternalTaskMarker, ExternalTaskSensor}` for `AIR302` ([#16014](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16014))
-- \[`flake8-builtins`\] Make strict module name comparison optional (`A005`) ([#15951](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15951))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Extend fix to Python \<= 3.9 for `redundant-none-literal` (`PYI061`) ([#16044](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16044))
-- \[`pylint`\] Also report when the object isn't a literal (`PLE1310`) ([#15985](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15985))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `indented-form-feed` (`RUF054`) ([#16049](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16049))
-- \[`ruff`\] Skip type definitions for `missing-f-string-syntax` (`RUF027`) ([#16054](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16054))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-annotations`\] Correct syntax for `typing.Union` in suggested return type fixes for `ANN20x` rules ([#16025](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16025))
-- \[`flake8-builtins`\] Match upstream module name comparison (`A005`) ([#16006](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16006))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Detect overshadowed `list`/`set`/`dict`, ignore variadics and named expressions (`C417`) ([#15955](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15955))
-- \[`flake8-pie`\] Remove following comma correctly when the unpacked dictionary is empty (`PIE800`) ([#16008](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16008))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Only trigger `SIM401` on known dictionaries ([#15995](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15995))
-- \[`pylint`\] Do not report calls when object type and argument type mismatch, remove custom escape handling logic (`PLE1310`) ([#15984](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15984))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Comments within parenthesized value ranges should not affect applicability (`UP040`) ([#16027](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16027))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Don't introduce invalid syntax when upgrading old-style type aliases with parenthesized multiline values (`UP040`) ([#16026](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16026))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Ensure we do not rename two type parameters to the same name (`UP049`) ([#16038](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16038))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] \[`ruff`\] Don't apply renamings if the new name is shadowed in a scope of one of the references to the binding (`UP049`, `RUF052`) ([#16032](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16032))
-- \[`ruff`\] Update `RUF009` to behave similar to `B008` and ignore attributes with immutable types ([#16048](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16048))
-
-### Server
-
-- Root exclusions in the server to project root ([#16043](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16043))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-datetime`\] Ignore `.replace()` calls while looking for `.astimezone` ([#16050](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16050))
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Avoid `TC004` false positive where the runtime definition is provided by `__getattr__` ([#16052](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16052))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Improve `ruff-lsp` migration document ([#16072](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16072))
-- Undeprecate `ruff.nativeServer` ([#16039](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/16039))
-
-## 0.9.5
-
-### Preview features
-
-- Recognize all symbols named `TYPE_CHECKING` for `in_type_checking_block` ([#15719](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15719))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Handle builtins at top of file correctly for `unnecessary-dict-comprehension-for-iterable` (`C420`) ([#15837](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15837))
-- \[`flake8-logging`\] `.exception()` and `exc_info=` outside exception handlers (`LOG004`, `LOG014`) ([#15799](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15799))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Fix incorrect behaviour of `custom-typevar-return-type` preview-mode autofix if `typing` was already imported (`PYI019`) ([#15853](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15853))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Fix more complex cases (`PYI019`) ([#15821](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15821))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Make `PYI019` autofixable for `.py` files in preview mode as well as stubs ([#15889](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15889))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Remove type parameter correctly when it is the last (`PYI019`) ([#15854](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15854))
-- \[`pylint`\] Fix missing parens in unsafe fix for `unnecessary-dunder-call` (`PLC2801`) ([#15762](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15762))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Better messages and diagnostic range (`UP015`) ([#15872](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15872))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Rename private type parameters in PEP 695 generics (`UP049`) ([#15862](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15862))
-- \[`refurb`\] Also report non-name expressions (`FURB169`) ([#15905](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15905))
-- \[`refurb`\] Mark fix as unsafe if there are comments (`FURB171`) ([#15832](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15832))
-- \[`ruff`\] Classes with mixed type variable style (`RUF053`) ([#15841](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15841))
-- \[`airflow`\] `BashOperator` has been moved to `airflow.providers.standard.operators.bash.BashOperator` (`AIR302`) ([#15922](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15922))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Add autofix for unused-private-type-var (`PYI018`) ([#15999](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15999))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Significantly improve accuracy of `PYI019` if preview mode is enabled ([#15888](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15888))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- Preserve triple quotes and prefixes for strings ([#15818](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15818))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Skip when `TypeError` present from too many (kw)args for `C410`,`C411`, and `C418` ([#15838](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15838))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Rename `PYI019` and improve its diagnostic message ([#15885](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15885))
-- \[`pep8-naming`\] Ignore `@override` methods (`N803`) ([#15954](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15954))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Reuse replacement logic from `UP046` and `UP047` to preserve more comments (`UP040`) ([#15840](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15840))
-- \[`ruff`\] Analyze deferred annotations before enforcing `mutable-(data)class-default` and `function-call-in-dataclass-default-argument` (`RUF008`,`RUF009`,`RUF012`) ([#15921](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15921))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Exempt `sys.path += ...` calls (`E402`) ([#15980](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15980))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- Config error only when `flake8-import-conventions` alias conflicts with `isort.required-imports` bound name ([#15918](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15918))
-- Workaround Even Better TOML crash related to `allOf` ([#15992](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15992))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Unnecessary `list` comprehension (rewrite as a `set` comprehension) (`C403`) - Handle extraneous parentheses around list comprehension ([#15877](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15877))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Handle trailing comma in fixes for `unnecessary-generator-list/set` (`C400`,`C401`) ([#15929](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15929))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Fix several correctness issues with `custom-type-var-return-type` (`PYI019`) ([#15851](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15851))
-- \[`pep8-naming`\] Consider any number of leading underscore for `N801` ([#15988](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15988))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Visit forward annotations in `TypeAliasType` as types (`F401`) ([#15829](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15829))
-- \[`pylint`\] Correct min/max auto-fix and suggestion for (`PL1730`) ([#15930](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15930))
-- \[`refurb`\] Handle unparenthesized tuples correctly (`FURB122`, `FURB142`) ([#15953](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15953))
-- \[`refurb`\] Avoid `None | None` as well as better detection and fix (`FURB168`) ([#15779](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15779))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Add deprecation warning for `ruff-lsp` related settings ([#15850](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15850))
-- Docs (`linter.md`): clarify that Python files are always searched for in subdirectories ([#15882](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15882))
-- Fix a typo in `non_pep695_generic_class.rs` ([#15946](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15946))
-- Improve Docs: Pylint subcategories' codes ([#15909](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15909))
-- Remove non-existing `lint.extendIgnore` editor setting ([#15844](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15844))
-- Update black deviations ([#15928](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15928))
-- Mention `UP049` in `UP046` and `UP047`, add `See also` section to `UP040` ([#15956](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15956))
-- Add instance variable examples to `RUF012` ([#15982](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15982))
-- Explain precedence for `ignore` and `select` config ([#15883](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15883))
-
-## 0.9.4
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Extend airflow context parameter check for `BaseOperator.execute` (`AIR302`) ([#15713](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15713))
-- \[`airflow`\] Update `AIR302` to check for deprecated context keys ([#15144](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15144))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Permit suspicious imports within stub files (`S4`) ([#15822](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15822))
-- \[`pylint`\] Do not trigger `PLR6201` on empty collections ([#15732](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15732))
-- \[`refurb`\] Do not emit diagnostic when loop variables are used outside loop body (`FURB122`) ([#15757](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15757))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add support for more `re` patterns (`RUF055`) ([#15764](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15764))
-- \[`ruff`\] Check for shadowed `map` before suggesting fix (`RUF058`) ([#15790](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15790))
-- \[`ruff`\] Do not emit diagnostic when all arguments to `zip()` are variadic (`RUF058`) ([#15744](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15744))
-- \[`ruff`\] Parenthesize fix when argument spans multiple lines for `unnecessary-round` (`RUF057`) ([#15703](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15703))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- Preserve quote style in generated code ([#15726](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15726), [#15778](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15778), [#15794](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15794))
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Exempt `NewType` calls where the original type is immutable (`B008`) ([#15765](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15765))
-- \[`pylint`\] Honor banned top-level imports by `TID253` in `PLC0415`. ([#15628](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15628))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Ignore `is_typeddict` and `TypedDict` for `deprecated-import` (`UP035`) ([#15800](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15800))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Fix formatter warning message for `flake8-quotes` option ([#15788](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15788))
-- Implement tab autocomplete for `ruff config` ([#15603](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15603))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Do not emit `unnecessary-map` diagnostic when lambda has different arity (`C417`) ([#15802](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15802))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Parenthesize `sorted` when needed for `unnecessary-call-around-sorted` (`C413`) ([#15825](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15825))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Handle end-of-line comments for `quoted-annotation` (`UP037`) ([#15824](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15824))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Add missing config docstrings ([#15803](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15803))
-- Add references to `trio.run_process` and `anyio.run_process` ([#15761](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15761))
-- Use `uv init --lib` in tutorial ([#15718](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15718))
-
-## 0.9.3
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Argument `fail_stop` in DAG has been renamed as `fail_fast` (`AIR302`) ([#15633](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15633))
-- \[`airflow`\] Extend `AIR303` with more symbols ([#15611](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15611))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Report all references to suspicious functions (`S3`) ([#15541](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15541))
-- \[`flake8-pytest-style`\] Do not emit diagnostics for empty `for` loops (`PT012`, `PT031`) ([#15542](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15542))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Avoid double negations (`SIM103`) ([#15562](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15562))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Fix infinite loop with unused local import in `__init__.py` (`F401`) ([#15517](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15517))
-- \[`pylint`\] Do not report methods with only one `EM101`-compatible `raise` (`PLR6301`) ([#15507](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15507))
-- \[`pylint`\] Implement `redefined-slots-in-subclass` (`W0244`) ([#9640](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9640))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Add rules to use PEP 695 generics in classes and functions (`UP046`, `UP047`) ([#15565](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15565), [#15659](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15659))
-- \[`refurb`\] Implement `for-loop-writes` (`FURB122`) ([#10630](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/10630))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `needless-else` clause (`RUF047`) ([#15051](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15051))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `starmap-zip` (`RUF058`) ([#15483](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15483))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Do not raise error if keyword argument is present and target-python version is less or equals than 3.9 (`B903`) ([#15549](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15549))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] strip parentheses around generators in `unnecessary-generator-set` (`C401`) ([#15553](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15553))
-- \[`flake8-pytest-style`\] Rewrite references to `.exception` (`PT027`) ([#15680](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15680))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Mark fixes as unsafe (`SIM201`, `SIM202`) ([#15626](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15626))
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Fix some safe fixes being labeled unsafe (`TC006`,`TC008`) ([#15638](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15638))
-- \[`isort`\] Omit trailing whitespace in `unsorted-imports` (`I001`) ([#15518](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15518))
-- \[`pydoclint`\] Allow ignoring one line docstrings for `DOC` rules ([#13302](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13302))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Apply redefinition fixes by source code order (`F811`) ([#15575](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15575))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Avoid removing too many imports in `redefined-while-unused` (`F811`) ([#15585](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15585))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Group redefinition fixes by source statement (`F811`) ([#15574](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15574))
-- \[`pylint`\] Include name of base class in message for `redefined-slots-in-subclass` (`W0244`) ([#15559](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15559))
-- \[`ruff`\] Update fix for `RUF055` to use `var == value` ([#15605](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15605))
-
-### Formatter
-
-- Fix bracket spacing for single-element tuples in f-string expressions ([#15537](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15537))
-- Fix unstable f-string formatting for expressions containing a trailing comma ([#15545](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15545))
-
-### Performance
-
-- Avoid quadratic membership check in import fixes ([#15576](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15576))
-
-### Server
-
-- Allow `unsafe-fixes` settings for code actions ([#15666](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15666))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Add missing single-line/dotall regex flag (`S608`) ([#15654](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15654))
-- \[`flake8-import-conventions`\] Fix infinite loop between `ICN001` and `I002` (`ICN001`) ([#15480](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15480))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Do not emit diagnostics for expressions inside string type annotations (`SIM222`, `SIM223`) ([#15405](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15405))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Treat arguments passed to the `default=` parameter of `TypeVar` as type expressions (`F821`) ([#15679](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15679))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Avoid syntax error when the iterable is a non-parenthesized tuple (`UP028`) ([#15543](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15543))
-- \[`ruff`\] Exempt `NewType` calls where the original type is immutable (`RUF009`) ([#15588](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15588))
-- Preserve raw string prefix and escapes in all codegen fixes ([#15694](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15694))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Generate documentation redirects for lowercase rule codes ([#15564](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15564))
-- `TRY300`: Add some extra notes on not catching exceptions you didn't expect ([#15036](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15036))
-
-## 0.9.2
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Fix typo "security_managr" to "security_manager" (`AIR303`) ([#15463](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15463))
-- \[`airflow`\] extend and fix AIR302 rules ([#15525](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15525))
-- \[`fastapi`\] Handle parameters with `Depends` correctly (`FAST003`) ([#15364](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15364))
-- \[`flake8-pytest-style`\] Implement pytest.warns diagnostics (`PT029`, `PT030`, `PT031`) ([#15444](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15444))
-- \[`flake8-pytest-style`\] Test function parameters with default arguments (`PT028`) ([#15449](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15449))
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Avoid false positives for `|` in `TC008` ([#15201](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15201))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-todos`\] Allow VSCode GitHub PR extension style links in `missing-todo-link` (`TD003`) ([#15519](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15519))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Show syntax error message for `F722` ([#15523](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15523))
-
-### Formatter
-
-- Fix curly bracket spacing around f-string expressions containing curly braces ([#15471](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15471))
-- Fix joining of f-strings with different quotes when using quote style `Preserve` ([#15524](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15524))
-
-### Server
-
-- Avoid indexing the same workspace multiple times ([#15495](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15495))
-- Display context for `ruff.configuration` errors ([#15452](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15452))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- Remove `flatten` to improve deserialization error messages ([#15414](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15414))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Parse triple-quoted string annotations as if parenthesized ([#15387](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15387))
-- \[`fastapi`\] Update `Annotated` fixes (`FAST002`) ([#15462](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15462))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Check for `builtins` instead of `builtin` (`S102`, `PTH123`) ([#15443](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15443))
-- \[`flake8-pathlib`\] Fix `--select` for `os-path-dirname` (`PTH120`) ([#15446](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15446))
-- \[`ruff`\] Fix false positive on global keyword (`RUF052`) ([#15235](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15235))
-
-## 0.9.1
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Run `too-many-newlines-at-end-of-file` on each cell in notebooks (`W391`) ([#15308](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15308))
-- \[`ruff`\] Omit diagnostic for shadowed private function parameters in `used-dummy-variable` (`RUF052`) ([#15376](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15376))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Improve `assert-raises-exception` message (`B017`) ([#15389](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15389))
-
-### Formatter
-
-- Preserve trailing end-of line comments for the last string literal in implicitly concatenated strings ([#15378](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15378))
-
-### Server
-
-- Fix a bug where the server and client notebooks were out of sync after reordering cells ([#15398](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15398))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`flake8-pie`\] Correctly remove wrapping parentheses (`PIE800`) ([#15394](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15394))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Handle comments and multiline expressions correctly (`UP037`) ([#15337](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15337))
-
-## 0.9.0
-
-Check out the [blog post](https://astral.sh/blog/ruff-v0.9.0) for a migration guide and overview of the changes!
-
-### Breaking changes
-
-Ruff now formats your code according to the 2025 style guide. As a result, your code might now get formatted differently. See the formatter section for a detailed list of changes.
-
-This release doesn’t remove or remap any existing stable rules.
-
-### Stabilization
-
-The following rules have been stabilized and are no longer in preview:
-
-- [`stdlib-module-shadowing`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/stdlib-module-shadowing/) (`A005`).
-    This rule has also been renamed: previously, it was called `builtin-module-shadowing`.
-- [`builtin-lambda-argument-shadowing`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/builtin-lambda-argument-shadowing/) (`A006`)
-- [`slice-to-remove-prefix-or-suffix`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/slice-to-remove-prefix-or-suffix/) (`FURB188`)
-- [`boolean-chained-comparison`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/boolean-chained-comparison/) (`PLR1716`)
-- [`decimal-from-float-literal`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/decimal-from-float-literal/) (`RUF032`)
-- [`post-init-default`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/post-init-default/) (`RUF033`)
-- [`useless-if-else`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/useless-if-else/) (`RUF034`)
-
-The following behaviors have been stabilized:
-
-- [`pytest-parametrize-names-wrong-type`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pytest-parametrize-names-wrong-type/) (`PT006`): Detect [`pytest.parametrize`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/how-to/parametrize.html#parametrize) calls outside decorators and calls with keyword arguments.
-- [`module-import-not-at-top-of-file`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/module-import-not-at-top-of-file/) (`E402`): Ignore [`pytest.importorskip`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/reference/reference.html#pytest-importorskip) calls between import statements.
-- [`mutable-dataclass-default`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/mutable-dataclass-default/) (`RUF008`) and [`function-call-in-dataclass-default-argument`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/function-call-in-dataclass-default-argument/) (`RUF009`): Add support for [`attrs`](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/).
-- [`bad-version-info-comparison`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/bad-version-info-comparison/) (`PYI006`): Extend the rule to check non-stub files.
-
-The following fixes or improvements to fixes have been stabilized:
-
-- [`redundant-numeric-union`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/redundant-numeric-union/) (`PYI041`)
-- [`duplicate-union-members`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/duplicate-union-member/) (`PYI016`)
-
-### Formatter
-
-This release introduces the new 2025 stable style ([#13371](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13371)), stabilizing the following changes:
-
-- Format expressions in f-string elements ([#7594](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/7594))
-- Alternate quotes for strings inside f-strings ([#13860](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13860))
-- Preserve the casing of hex codes in f-string debug expressions ([#14766](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/14766))
-- Choose the quote style for each string literal in an implicitly concatenated f-string rather than for the entire string ([#13539](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13539))
-- Automatically join an implicitly concatenated string into a single string literal if it fits on a single line ([#9457](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/9457))
-- Remove the [`ISC001`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/single-line-implicit-string-concatenation/) incompatibility warning ([#15123](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15123))
-- Prefer parenthesizing the `assert` message over breaking the assertion expression ([#9457](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/9457))
-- Automatically parenthesize over-long `if` guards in `match` `case` clauses ([#13513](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13513))
-- More consistent formatting for `match` `case` patterns ([#6933](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/6933))
-- Avoid unnecessary parentheses around return type annotations ([#13381](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13381))
-- Keep the opening parentheses on the same line as the `if` keyword for comprehensions where the condition has a leading comment ([#12282](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/12282))
-- More consistent formatting for `with` statements with a single context manager for Python 3.8 or older ([#10276](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/10276))
-- Correctly calculate the line-width for code blocks in docstrings when using `max-doc-code-line-length = "dynamic"` ([#13523](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/13523))
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Implement `class-as-data-structure` (`B903`) ([#9601](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9601))
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Apply `quoted-type-alias` more eagerly in `TYPE_CHECKING` blocks and ignore it in stubs (`TC008`) ([#15180](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15180))
-- \[`pylint`\] Ignore `eq-without-hash` in stub files (`PLW1641`) ([#15310](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15310))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Split `UP007` into two individual rules: `UP007` for `Union` and `UP045` for `Optional` (`UP007`, `UP045`) ([#15313](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15313))
-- \[`ruff`\] New rule that detects classes that are both an enum and a `dataclass` (`RUF049`) ([#15299](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15299))
-- \[`ruff`\] Recode `RUF025` to `RUF037` (`RUF037`) ([#15258](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15258))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-builtins`\] Ignore [`stdlib-module-shadowing`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/stdlib-module-shadowing/) in stub files(`A005`) ([#15350](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15350))
-- \[`flake8-return`\] Add support for functions returning `typing.Never` (`RET503`) ([#15298](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15298))
-
-### Server
-
-- Improve the observability by removing the need for the ["trace" value](https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specifications/lsp/3.17/specification/#traceValue) to turn on or off logging. The server logging is solely controlled using the [`logLevel` server setting](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/editors/settings/#loglevel)
-    which defaults to `info`. This addresses the issue where users were notified about an error and told to consult the log, but it didn’t contain any messages. ([#15232](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15232))
-- Ignore diagnostics from other sources for code action requests ([#15373](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15373))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Improve the error message for `--config key=value` when the `key` is for a table and it’s a simple `value`
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`eradicate`\] Ignore metadata blocks directly followed by normal blocks (`ERA001`) ([#15330](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15330))
-- \[`flake8-django`\] Recognize other magic methods (`DJ012`) ([#15365](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15365))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Avoid false positives related to type aliases (`E252`) ([#15356](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15356))
-- \[`pydocstyle`\] Avoid treating newline-separated sections as sub-sections (`D405`) ([#15311](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15311))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Remove call when removing final argument from `format` (`F523`) ([#15309](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15309))
-- \[`refurb`\] Mark fix as unsafe when the right-hand side is a string (`FURB171`) ([#15273](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15273))
-- \[`ruff`\] Treat `)` as a regex metacharacter (`RUF043`, `RUF055`) ([#15318](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15318))
-- \[`ruff`\] Parenthesize the `int`-call argument when removing the `int` call would change semantics (`RUF046`) ([#15277](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15277))
-
-## 0.8.6
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`format`\]: Preserve multiline implicit concatenated strings in docstring positions ([#15126](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15126))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add rule to detect empty literal in deque call (`RUF025`) ([#15104](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15104))
-- \[`ruff`\] Avoid reporting when `ndigits` is possibly negative (`RUF057`) ([#15234](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15234))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`flake8-todos`\] remove issue code length restriction (`TD003`) ([#15175](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15175))
-- \[`pyflakes`\] Ignore errors in `@no_type_check` string annotations (`F722`, `F821`) ([#15215](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15215))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Show errors for attempted fixes only when passed `--verbose` ([#15237](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15237))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- \[`ruff`\] Avoid syntax error when removing int over multiple lines (`RUF046`) ([#15230](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15230))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Revert "Add all PEP-585 names to `UP006` rule" ([#15250](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15250))
-
-## 0.8.5
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`airflow`\] Extend names moved from core to provider (`AIR303`) ([#15145](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15145), [#15159](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15159), [#15196](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15196), [#15216](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15216))
-- \[`airflow`\] Extend rule to check class attributes, methods, arguments (`AIR302`) ([#15054](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15054), [#15083](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15083))
-- \[`fastapi`\] Update `FAST002` to check keyword-only arguments ([#15119](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15119))
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Disable `TC006` and `TC007` in stub files ([#15179](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15179))
-- \[`pylint`\] Detect nested methods correctly (`PLW1641`) ([#15032](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15032))
-- \[`ruff`\] Detect more strict-integer expressions (`RUF046`) ([#14833](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14833))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `falsy-dict-get-fallback` (`RUF056`) ([#15160](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15160))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `unnecessary-round` (`RUF057`) ([#14828](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14828))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- Visit PEP 764 inline `TypedDict` keys as non-type-expressions ([#15073](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15073))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Skip `C416` if comprehension contains unpacking ([#14909](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14909))
-- \[`flake8-pie`\] Allow `cast(SomeType, ...)` (`PIE796`) ([#15141](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15141))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] More precise inference for dictionaries (`SIM300`) ([#15164](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15164))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Catch redundant joins in `PTH201` and avoid syntax errors ([#15177](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15177))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Preserve original value format (`E731`) ([#15097](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15097))
-- \[`pydocstyle`\] Split on first whitespace character (`D403`) ([#15082](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15082))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Add all PEP-585 names to `UP006` rule ([#5454](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/5454))
-
-### Configuration
-
-- \[`flake8-type-checking`\] Improve flexibility of `runtime-evaluated-decorators` ([#15204](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15204))
-- \[`pydocstyle`\] Add setting to ignore missing documentation for `*args` and `**kwargs` parameters (`D417`) ([#15210](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15210))
-- \[`ruff`\] Add an allowlist for `unsafe-markup-use` (`RUF035`) ([#15076](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15076))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Fix type subscript on older python versions ([#15090](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15090))
-- Use `TypeChecker` for detecting `fastapi` routes ([#15093](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15093))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Avoid false positives and negatives related to type parameter default syntax (`E225`, `E251`) ([#15214](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15214))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Fix incorrect doc in `shebang-not-executable` (`EXE001`) and add git+windows solution to executable bit ([#15208](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15208))
-- Rename rules currently not conforming to naming convention ([#15102](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15102))
-
 ## 0.8.4
 
 ### Preview features
@@ -1663,11 +708,11 @@ The following rules have been stabilized and are no longer in preview:
 
 The following behaviors have been stabilized:
 
-- [`cancel-scope-no-checkpoint`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/cancel-scope-no-checkpoint/) (`ASYNC100`): Support `asyncio` and `anyio` context managers.
-- [`async-function-with-timeout`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/async-function-with-timeout/) (`ASYNC109`): Support `asyncio` and `anyio` context managers.
-- [`async-busy-wait`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/async-busy-wait/) (`ASYNC110`): Support `asyncio` and `anyio` context managers.
-- [`async-zero-sleep`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/async-zero-sleep/) (`ASYNC115`): Support `anyio` context managers.
-- [`long-sleep-not-forever`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/long-sleep-not-forever/) (`ASYNC116`): Support `anyio` context managers.
+- [`cancel-scope-no-checkpoint`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/cancel-scope-no-checkpoint/) (`ASYNC100`): Support `asyncio` and `anyio` context mangers.
+- [`async-function-with-timeout`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/async-function-with-timeout/) (`ASYNC109`): Support `asyncio` and `anyio` context mangers.
+- [`async-busy-wait`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/async-busy-wait/) (`ASYNC110`): Support `asyncio` and `anyio` context mangers.
+- [`async-zero-sleep`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/async-zero-sleep/) (`ASYNC115`): Support `anyio` context mangers.
+- [`long-sleep-not-forever`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/long-sleep-not-forever/) (`ASYNC116`): Support `anyio` context mangers.
 
 The following fixes have been stabilized:
 

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ representative at an online or offline event.
 ## Enforcement
 
 Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
-reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at <hey@astral.sh>.
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+<charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>.
 All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
 
 All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 
 Welcome! We're happy to have you here. Thank you in advance for your contribution to Ruff.
 
-> [!NOTE]
->
-> This guide is for Ruff. If you're looking to contribute to ty, please see [the ty contributing
-> guide](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates/ty/CONTRIBUTING.md).
-
 ## The Basics
 
 Ruff welcomes contributions in the form of pull requests.
@@ -371,15 +366,6 @@ uvx --from ./python/ruff-ecosystem ruff-ecosystem format ruff "./target/debug/ru
 
 See the [ruff-ecosystem package](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/tree/main/python/ruff-ecosystem) for more details.
 
-## Upgrading Rust
-
-1. Change the `channel` in `./rust-toolchain.toml` to the new Rust version (`<latest>`)
-1. Change the `rust-version` in the `./Cargo.toml` to `<latest> - 2` (e.g. 1.84 if the latest is 1.86)
-1. Run `cargo clippy --fix --allow-dirty --allow-staged` to fix new clippy warnings
-1. Create and merge the PR
-1. Bump the Rust version in Ruff's conda forge recipe. See [this PR](https://github.com/conda-forge/ruff-feedstock/pull/266) for an example.
-1. Enjoy the new Rust version!
-
 ## Benchmarking and Profiling
 
 We have several ways of benchmarking and profiling Ruff:
@@ -411,7 +397,7 @@ cargo install hyperfine
 To benchmark the release build:
 
 ```shell
-cargo build --release --bin ruff && hyperfine --warmup 10 \
+cargo build --release && hyperfine --warmup 10 \
   "./target/release/ruff check ./crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache -e" \
   "./target/release/ruff check ./crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/cpython/ -e"
 
@@ -540,7 +526,7 @@ cargo benchmark
 #### Benchmark-driven Development
 
 Ruff uses [Criterion.rs](https://bheisler.github.io/criterion.rs/book/) for benchmarks. You can use
-`--save-baseline=<name>` to store an initial baseline benchmark (e.g., on `main`) and then use
+`--save-baseline=<name>` to store an initial baseline benchmark (e.g. on `main`) and then use
 `--benchmark=<name>` to compare against that benchmark. Criterion will print a message telling you
 if the benchmark improved/regressed compared to that baseline.
 
@@ -610,7 +596,8 @@ Then convert the recorded profile
 perf script -F +pid > /tmp/test.perf
 ```
 
-You can now view the converted file with [firefox profiler](https://profiler.firefox.com/). To learn more about Firefox profiler, read the [Firefox profiler profiling-guide](https://profiler.firefox.com/docs/#/./guide-perf-profiling).
+You can now view the converted file with [firefox profiler](https://profiler.firefox.com/), with a
+more in-depth guide [here](https://profiler.firefox.com/docs/#/./guide-perf-profiling)
 
 An alternative is to convert the perf data to `flamegraph.svg` using
 [flamegraph](https://github.com/flamegraph-rs/flamegraph) (`cargo install flamegraph`):
@@ -691,9 +678,9 @@ utils with it:
 23 Newline 24
 ```
 
-- `cargo dev print-cst <file>`: Print the CST of a Python file using
+- `cargo dev print-cst <file>`: Print the CST of a python file using
     [LibCST](https://github.com/Instagram/LibCST), which is used in addition to the RustPython parser
-    in Ruff. For example, for `if True: pass # comment`, everything, including the whitespace, is represented:
+    in Ruff. E.g. for `if True: pass # comment` everything including the whitespace is represented:
 
 ```text
 Module {

Cargo.toml

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ members = ["crates/*"]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-# Please update rustfmt.toml when bumping the Rust edition
-edition = "2024"
-rust-version = "1.85"
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.80"
 homepage = "https://docs.astral.sh/ruff"
 documentation = "https://docs.astral.sh/ruff"
 repository = "https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff"
@@ -14,7 +13,6 @@ license = "MIT"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
 ruff = { path = "crates/ruff" }
-ruff_annotate_snippets = { path = "crates/ruff_annotate_snippets" }
 ruff_cache = { path = "crates/ruff_cache" }
 ruff_db = { path = "crates/ruff_db", default-features = false }
 ruff_diagnostics = { path = "crates/ruff_diagnostics" }
@@ -24,7 +22,6 @@ ruff_index = { path = "crates/ruff_index" }
 ruff_linter = { path = "crates/ruff_linter" }
 ruff_macros = { path = "crates/ruff_macros" }
 ruff_notebook = { path = "crates/ruff_notebook" }
-ruff_options_metadata = { path = "crates/ruff_options_metadata" }
 ruff_python_ast = { path = "crates/ruff_python_ast" }
 ruff_python_codegen = { path = "crates/ruff_python_codegen" }
 ruff_python_formatter = { path = "crates/ruff_python_formatter" }
@@ -37,56 +34,51 @@ ruff_python_trivia = { path = "crates/ruff_python_trivia" }
 ruff_server = { path = "crates/ruff_server" }
 ruff_source_file = { path = "crates/ruff_source_file" }
 ruff_text_size = { path = "crates/ruff_text_size" }
+red_knot_vendored = { path = "crates/red_knot_vendored" }
 ruff_workspace = { path = "crates/ruff_workspace" }
 
-ty = { path = "crates/ty" }
-ty_ide = { path = "crates/ty_ide" }
-ty_project = { path = "crates/ty_project", default-features = false }
-ty_python_semantic = { path = "crates/ty_python_semantic" }
-ty_server = { path = "crates/ty_server" }
-ty_test = { path = "crates/ty_test" }
-ty_vendored = { path = "crates/ty_vendored" }
+red_knot_python_semantic = { path = "crates/red_knot_python_semantic" }
+red_knot_server = { path = "crates/red_knot_server" }
+red_knot_test = { path = "crates/red_knot_test" }
+red_knot_workspace = { path = "crates/red_knot_workspace", default-features = false }
 
 aho-corasick = { version = "1.1.3" }
-anstream = { version = "0.6.18" }
-anstyle = { version = "1.0.10" }
+annotate-snippets = { version = "0.9.2", features = ["color"] }
 anyhow = { version = "1.0.80" }
 assert_fs = { version = "1.1.0" }
 argfile = { version = "0.2.0" }
-bincode = { version = "2.0.0" }
+bincode = { version = "1.3.3" }
 bitflags = { version = "2.5.0" }
 bstr = { version = "1.9.1" }
 cachedir = { version = "0.3.1" }
 camino = { version = "1.1.7" }
+chrono = { version = "0.4.35", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
 clap = { version = "4.5.3", features = ["derive"] }
 clap_complete_command = { version = "0.6.0" }
-clearscreen = { version = "4.0.0" }
+clearscreen = { version = "3.0.0" }
 codspeed-criterion-compat = { version = "2.6.0", default-features = false }
-colored = { version = "3.0.0" }
+colored = { version = "2.1.0" }
 console_error_panic_hook = { version = "0.1.7" }
 console_log = { version = "1.0.0" }
 countme = { version = "3.0.1" }
-compact_str = "0.9.0"
-criterion = { version = "0.6.0", default-features = false }
+compact_str = "0.8.0"
+criterion = { version = "0.5.1", default-features = false }
 crossbeam = { version = "0.8.4" }
 dashmap = { version = "6.0.1" }
 dir-test = { version = "0.4.0" }
 dunce = { version = "1.0.5" }
 drop_bomb = { version = "0.1.5" }
 env_logger = { version = "0.11.0" }
-etcetera = { version = "0.10.0" }
+etcetera = { version = "0.8.0" }
 fern = { version = "0.7.0" }
 filetime = { version = "0.2.23" }
-getrandom = { version = "0.3.1" }
 glob = { version = "0.3.1" }
 globset = { version = "0.4.14" }
 globwalk = { version = "0.9.1" }
 hashbrown = { version = "0.15.0", default-features = false, features = [
     "raw-entry",
-    "equivalent",
     "inline-more",
 ] }
-heck = "0.5.0"
 ignore = { version = "0.4.22" }
 imara-diff = { version = "0.1.5" }
 imperative = { version = "1.0.4" }
@@ -97,10 +89,9 @@ insta = { version = "1.35.1" }
 insta-cmd = { version = "0.6.0" }
 is-macro = { version = "0.3.5" }
 is-wsl = { version = "0.4.0" }
-itertools = { version = "0.14.0" }
-jiff = { version = "0.2.0" }
+itertools = { version = "0.13.0" }
 js-sys = { version = "0.3.69" }
-jod-thread = { version = "1.0.0" }
+jod-thread = { version = "0.1.2" }
 libc = { version = "0.2.153" }
 libcst = { version = "1.1.0", default-features = false }
 log = { version = "0.4.17" }
@@ -112,7 +103,7 @@ matchit = { version = "0.8.1" }
 memchr = { version = "2.7.1" }
 mimalloc = { version = "0.1.39" }
 natord = { version = "1.0.9" }
-notify = { version = "8.0.0" }
+notify = { version = "7.0.0" }
 ordermap = { version = "0.5.0" }
 path-absolutize = { version = "3.1.1" }
 path-slash = { version = "0.2.1" }
@@ -123,13 +114,12 @@ proc-macro2 = { version = "1.0.79" }
 pyproject-toml = { version = "0.13.4" }
 quick-junit = { version = "0.5.0" }
 quote = { version = "1.0.23" }
-rand = { version = "0.9.0" }
+rand = { version = "0.8.5" }
 rayon = { version = "1.10.0" }
 regex = { version = "1.10.2" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "2.0.0" }
-rustc-stable-hash = { version = "0.1.2" }
 # When updating salsa, make sure to also update the revision in `fuzz/Cargo.toml`
-salsa = { git = "https://github.com/salsa-rs/salsa.git", rev = "4818b15f3b7516555d39f5a41cb75970448bee4c" }
+salsa = { git = "https://github.com/salsa-rs/salsa.git", rev = "3c7f1694c9efba751dbeeacfbc93b227586e316a" }
 schemars = { version = "0.8.16" }
 seahash = { version = "4.1.0" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.197", features = ["derive"] }
@@ -142,15 +132,9 @@ serde_with = { version = "3.6.0", default-features = false, features = [
 shellexpand = { version = "3.0.0" }
 similar = { version = "2.4.0", features = ["inline"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1.13.2" }
-snapbox = { version = "0.6.0", features = [
-    "diff",
-    "term-svg",
-    "cmd",
-    "examples",
-] }
 static_assertions = "1.1.0"
-strum = { version = "0.27.0", features = ["strum_macros"] }
-strum_macros = { version = "0.27.0" }
+strum = { version = "0.26.0", features = ["strum_macros"] }
+strum_macros = { version = "0.26.0" }
 syn = { version = "2.0.55" }
 tempfile = { version = "3.9.0" }
 test-case = { version = "3.3.1" }
@@ -160,20 +144,18 @@ toml = { version = "0.8.11" }
 tracing = { version = "0.1.40" }
 tracing-flame = { version = "0.2.0" }
 tracing-indicatif = { version = "0.3.6" }
-tracing-log = { version = "0.2.0" }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", default-features = false, features = [
     "env-filter",
     "fmt",
-    "ansi",
-    "smallvec"
 ] }
-tryfn = { version = "0.2.1" }
+tracing-tree = { version = "0.4.0" }
 typed-arena = { version = "2.0.2" }
 unic-ucd-category = { version = "0.9" }
 unicode-ident = { version = "1.0.12" }
 unicode-width = { version = "0.2.0" }
 unicode_names2 = { version = "1.2.2" }
 unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1.23" }
+ureq = { version = "2.9.6" }
 url = { version = "2.5.0" }
 uuid = { version = "1.6.1", features = [
     "v4",
@@ -187,10 +169,6 @@ wasm-bindgen-test = { version = "0.3.42" }
 wild = { version = "2" }
 zip = { version = "0.6.6", default-features = false }
 
-[workspace.metadata.cargo-shear]
-ignored = ["getrandom", "ruff_options_metadata"]
-
-
 [workspace.lints.rust]
 unsafe_code = "warn"
 unreachable_pub = "warn"
@@ -215,8 +193,6 @@ must_use_candidate = "allow"
 similar_names = "allow"
 single_match_else = "allow"
 too_many_lines = "allow"
-needless_continue = "allow"       # An explicit continue can be more readable, especially if the alternative is an empty block.
-unnecessary_debug_formatting = "allow"  # too many instances, the display also doesn't quote the path which is often desired in logs where we use them the most often.
 # Without the hashes we run into a `rustfmt` bug in some snapshot tests, see #13250
 needless_raw_string_hashes = "allow"
 # Disallowed restriction lints
@@ -235,9 +211,6 @@ redundant_clone = "warn"
 debug_assert_with_mut_call = "warn"
 unused_peekable = "warn"
 
-# Diagnostics are not actionable: Enable once https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/13774 is resolved.
-large_stack_arrays = "allow"
-
 [profile.release]
 # Note that we set these explicitly, and these values
 # were chosen based on a trade-off between compile times
@@ -261,9 +234,6 @@ opt-level = 3
 [profile.dev.package.similar]
 opt-level = 3
 
-[profile.dev.package.salsa]
-opt-level = 3
-
 # Reduce complexity of a parser function that would trigger a locals limit in a wasm tool.
 # https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-tools/blob/b5c3d98e40590512a3b12470ef358d5c7b983b15/crates/wasmparser/src/limits.rs#L29
 [profile.dev.package.ruff_python_parser]
@@ -278,3 +248,60 @@ debug = 1
 # The profile that 'cargo dist' will build with.
 [profile.dist]
 inherits = "release"
+
+# Config for 'dist'
+[workspace.metadata.dist]
+# The preferred dist version to use in CI (Cargo.toml SemVer syntax)
+cargo-dist-version = "0.25.2-prerelease.3"
+# CI backends to support
+ci = "github"
+# The installers to generate for each app
+installers = ["shell", "powershell"]
+# The archive format to use for windows builds (defaults .zip)
+windows-archive = ".zip"
+# The archive format to use for non-windows builds (defaults .tar.xz)
+unix-archive = ".tar.gz"
+# Target platforms to build apps for (Rust target-triple syntax)
+targets = [
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
+    "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl",
+    "arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf",
+    "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf",
+    "armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf",
+    "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "i686-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "i686-unknown-linux-musl",
+    "powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "s390x-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl",
+]
+# Whether to auto-include files like READMEs, LICENSEs, and CHANGELOGs (default true)
+auto-includes = false
+# Whether dist should create a Github Release or use an existing draft
+create-release = true
+# Which actions to run on pull requests
+pr-run-mode = "skip"
+# Whether CI should trigger releases with dispatches instead of tag pushes
+dispatch-releases = true
+# Which phase dist should use to create the GitHub release
+github-release = "announce"
+# Whether CI should include auto-generated code to build local artifacts
+build-local-artifacts = false
+# Local artifacts jobs to run in CI
+local-artifacts-jobs = ["./build-binaries", "./build-docker"]
+# Publish jobs to run in CI
+publish-jobs = ["./publish-pypi", "./publish-wasm"]
+# Post-announce jobs to run in CI
+post-announce-jobs = ["./notify-dependents", "./publish-docs", "./publish-playground"]
+# Custom permissions for GitHub Jobs
+github-custom-job-permissions = { "build-docker" = { packages = "write", contents = "read" }, "publish-wasm" = { contents = "read", id-token = "write", packages = "write" } }
+# Whether to install an updater program
+install-updater = false
+# Path that installers should place binaries in
+install-path = ["$XDG_BIN_HOME/", "$XDG_DATA_HOME/../bin", "~/.local/bin"]

README.md

@@ -116,21 +116,12 @@ For more, see the [documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/).
 
 ### Installation
 
-Ruff is available as [`ruff`](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/) on PyPI.
-
-Invoke Ruff directly with [`uvx`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/):
-
-```shell
-uvx ruff check   # Lint all files in the current directory.
-uvx ruff format  # Format all files in the current directory.
-```
-
-Or install Ruff with `uv` (recommended), `pip`, or `pipx`:
+Ruff is available as [`ruff`](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/) on PyPI:
 
 ```shell
 # With uv.
-uv tool install ruff@latest  # Install Ruff globally.
-uv add --dev ruff            # Or add Ruff to your project.
+uv add --dev ruff     # to add ruff to your project
+uv tool install ruff  # to install ruff globally
 
 # With pip.
 pip install ruff
@@ -149,8 +140,8 @@ curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/install.sh | sh
 powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/install.ps1 | iex"
 
 # For a specific version.
-curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.11/install.sh | sh
-powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.11/install.ps1 | iex"
+curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.8.4/install.sh | sh
+powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.8.4/install.ps1 | iex"
 ```
 
 You can also install Ruff via [Homebrew](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/ruff), [Conda](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/ruff),
@@ -183,7 +174,7 @@ Ruff can also be used as a [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) hook via [`ruff
 ```yaml
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
   # Ruff version.
-  rev: v0.11.11
+  rev: v0.8.4
   hooks:
     # Run the linter.
     - id: ruff
@@ -205,7 +196,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: astral-sh/ruff-action@v3
+      - uses: astral-sh/ruff-action@v1
 ```
 
 ### Configuration<a id="configuration"></a>
@@ -255,7 +246,7 @@ indent-width = 4
 target-version = "py39"
 
 [lint]
-# Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default.
+# Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`)  codes by default.
 select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"]
 ignore = []
 
@@ -452,7 +443,6 @@ Ruff is used by a number of major open-source projects and companies, including:
 - ING Bank ([popmon](https://github.com/ing-bank/popmon), [probatus](https://github.com/ing-bank/probatus))
 - [Ibis](https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis)
 - [ivy](https://github.com/unifyai/ivy)
-- [JAX](https://github.com/jax-ml/jax)
 - [Jupyter](https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server)
 - [Kraken Tech](https://kraken.tech/)
 - [LangChain](https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain)

SECURITY.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# Security policy
-
-## Reporting a vulnerability
-
-If you have found a possible vulnerability, please email `security at astral dot sh`.
-
-## Bug bounties
-
-While we sincerely appreciate and encourage reports of suspected security problems, please note that
-Astral does not currently run any bug bounty programs.
-
-## Vulnerability disclosures
-
-Critical vulnerabilities will be disclosed via GitHub's
-[security advisory](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/security) system.

_typos.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 [files]
 # https://github.com/crate-ci/typos/issues/868
 extend-exclude = [
-    "crates/ty_vendored/vendor/**/*",
-    "**/resources/**/*",
-    "**/snapshots/**/*",
+  "crates/red_knot_vendored/vendor/**/*",
+  "**/resources/**/*",
+  "**/snapshots/**/*",
+  "crates/red_knot_workspace/src/workspace/pyproject/package_name.rs"
 ]
 
 [default.extend-words]
@@ -20,14 +21,7 @@ Numer = "Numer" # Library name 'NumerBlox' in "Who's Using Ruff?"
 
 [default]
 extend-ignore-re = [
-    # Line ignore with trailing "spellchecker:disable-line"
-    "(?Rm)^.*#\\s*spellchecker:disable-line$",
-    "LICENSEs",
-    # Various third party dependencies uses `typ` as struct field names (e.g., lsp_types::LogMessageParams)
-    "typ",
-    # TODO: Remove this once the `TYP` redirects are removed from `rule_redirects.rs`
-    "TYP",
+  # Line ignore with trailing "spellchecker:disable-line"
+  "(?Rm)^.*#\\s*spellchecker:disable-line$",
+  "LICENSEs",
 ]
-
-[default.extend-identifiers]
-"FrIeNdLy" = "FrIeNdLy"

clippy.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 doc-valid-idents = [
     "..",
     "CodeQL",
-    "CPython",
     "FastAPI",
     "IPython",
     "LangChain",
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ doc-valid-idents = [
     "SNMPv1",
     "SNMPv2",
     "SNMPv3",
-    "PyFlakes",
+    "PyFlakes"
 ]
 
 ignore-interior-mutability = [

crates/red_knot/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+[package]
+name = "red_knot"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+homepage.workspace = true
+documentation.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+red_knot_python_semantic = { workspace = true }
+red_knot_workspace = { workspace = true, features = ["zstd"] }
+red_knot_server = { workspace = true }
+ruff_db = { workspace = true, features = ["os", "cache"] }
+
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+chrono = { workspace = true }
+clap = { workspace = true, features = ["wrap_help"] }
+colored = { workspace = true }
+countme = { workspace = true, features = ["enable"] }
+crossbeam = { workspace = true }
+ctrlc = { version = "3.4.4" }
+rayon = { workspace = true }
+salsa = { workspace = true }
+tracing = { workspace = true, features = ["release_max_level_debug"] }
+tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["env-filter", "fmt"] }
+tracing-flame = { workspace = true }
+tracing-tree = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+filetime = { workspace = true }
+tempfile = { workspace = true }
+ruff_db = { workspace = true, features = ["testing"] }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true

crates/red_knot/docs/tracing.md

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Tracing
 
-Traces are a useful tool to narrow down the location of a bug or, at least, to understand why the compiler is doing a
-particular thing.
+Traces are a useful tool to narrow down the location of a bug or, at least, to understand why the compiler is doing a particular thing.
 Note, tracing messages with severity `debug` or greater are user-facing. They should be phrased accordingly.
 Tracing spans are only shown when using `-vvv`.
 
@@ -10,28 +9,20 @@ Tracing spans are only shown when using `-vvv`.
 The CLI supports different verbosity levels.
 
 - default: Only show errors and warnings.
-- `-v` activates `info!`: Show generally useful information such as paths of configuration files, detected platform,
-    etc., but it's not a lot of messages, it's something you'll activate in CI by default. cargo build e.g. shows you
-    which packages are fresh.
-- `-vv` activates `debug!` and timestamps: This should be enough information to get to the bottom of bug reports. When
-    you're processing many packages or files, you'll get pages and pages of output, but each line is link to a specific
-    action or state change.
-- `-vvv` activates `trace!` (only in debug builds) and shows tracing-spans: At this level, you're logging everything.
-    Most of this is wasted, it's really slow, we dump e.g. the entire resolution graph. Only useful to developers, and you
-    almost certainly want to use `TY_LOG` to filter it down to the area your investigating.
+- `-v` activates `info!`: Show generally useful information such as paths of configuration files, detected platform, etc., but it's not a lot of messages, it's something you'll activate in CI by default. cargo build e.g. shows you which packages are fresh.
+- `-vv` activates `debug!` and timestamps: This should be enough information to get to the bottom of bug reports. When you're processing many packages or files, you'll get pages and pages of output, but each line is link to a specific action or state change.
+- `-vvv` activates `trace!` (only in debug builds) and shows tracing-spans: At this level, you're logging everything. Most of this is wasted, it's really slow, we dump e.g. the entire resolution graph. Only useful to developers, and you almost certainly want to use `RED_KNOT_LOG` to filter it down to the area your investigating.
 
-## Better logging with `TY_LOG` and `TY_MAX_PARALLELISM`
+## Better logging with `RED_KNOT_LOG` and `RAYON_NUM_THREADS`
 
-By default, the CLI shows messages from the `ruff` and `ty` crates. Tracing messages from other crates are not shown.
-The `TY_LOG` environment variable allows you to customize which messages are shown by specifying one
-or
-more [filter directives](https://docs.rs/tracing-subscriber/latest/tracing_subscriber/filter/struct.EnvFilter.html#directives).
+By default, the CLI shows messages from the `ruff` and `red_knot` crates. Tracing messages from other crates are not shown.
+The `RED_KNOT_LOG` environment variable allows you to customize which messages are shown by specifying one
+or more [filter directives](https://docs.rs/tracing-subscriber/latest/tracing_subscriber/filter/struct.EnvFilter.html#directives).
 
-The `TY_MAX_PARALLELISM` environment variable, meanwhile, can be used to control the level of parallelism ty uses.
-By default, ty will attempt to parallelize its work so that multiple files are checked simultaneously,
-but this can result in a confused logging output where messages from different threads are intertwined and non
-determinism.
-To switch off parallelism entirely and have more readable logs, use `TY_MAX_PARALLELISM=1` (or `RAYON_NUM_THREADS=1`).
+The `RAYON_NUM_THREADS` environment variable, meanwhile, can be used to control the level of concurrency red-knot uses.
+By default, red-knot will attempt to parallelize its work so that multiple files are checked simultaneously,
+but this can result in a confused logging output where messages from different threads are intertwined.
+To switch off concurrency entirely and have more readable logs, use `RAYON_NUM_THREADS=1`.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -40,23 +31,23 @@ To switch off parallelism entirely and have more readable logs, use `TY_MAX_PARA
 Shows debug messages from all crates.
 
 ```bash
-TY_LOG=debug
+RED_KNOT_LOG=debug
 ```
 
 #### Show salsa query execution messages
 
-Show the salsa `execute: my_query` messages in addition to all ty messages.
+Show the salsa `execute: my_query` messages in addition to all red knot messages.
 
 ```bash
-TY_LOG=ruff=trace,ty=trace,salsa=info
+RED_KNOT_LOG=ruff=trace,red_knot=trace,salsa=info
 ```
 
 #### Show typing traces
 
-Only show traces for the `ty_python_semantic::types` module.
+Only show traces for the `red_knot_python_semantic::types` module.
 
 ```bash
-TY_LOG="ty_python_semantic::types"
+RED_KNOT_LOG="red_knot_python_semantic::types"
 ```
 
 Note: Ensure that you use `-vvv` to see tracing spans.
@@ -66,7 +57,7 @@ Note: Ensure that you use `-vvv` to see tracing spans.
 Shows all messages that are inside of a span for a specific file.
 
 ```bash
-TY_LOG=ty[{file=/home/micha/astral/test/x.py}]=trace
+RED_KNOT_LOG=red_knot[{file=/home/micha/astral/test/x.py}]=trace
 ```
 
 **Note**: Tracing still shows all spans because tracing can't know at the time of entering the span
@@ -88,24 +79,22 @@ query to return the failure as part of the query's result or use a Salsa accumul
 
 ## Tracing in tests
 
-You can use `ruff_db::testing::setup_logging` or `ruff_db::testing::setup_logging_with_filter` to set up logging in
-tests.
+You can use `ruff_db::testing::setup_logging` or `ruff_db::testing::setup_logging_with_filter` to set up logging in tests.
 
 ```rust
 use ruff_db::testing::setup_logging;
 
 #[test]
 fn test() {
-    let _logging = setup_logging();
+  let _logging = setup_logging();
 
-    tracing::info!("This message will be printed to stderr");
+  tracing::info!("This message will be printed to stderr");
 }
 ```
 
 Note: Most test runners capture stderr and only show its output when a test fails.
 
-Note also that `setup_logging` only sets up logging for the current thread because
-[`set_global_default`](https://docs.rs/tracing/latest/tracing/subscriber/fn.set_global_default.html) can only be
+Note also that `setup_logging` only sets up logging for the current thread because [`set_global_default`](https://docs.rs/tracing/latest/tracing/subscriber/fn.set_global_default.html) can only be
 called **once**.
 
 ## Release builds
@@ -114,11 +103,10 @@ called **once**.
 
 ## Profiling
 
-ty generates a folded stack trace to the current directory named `tracing.folded` when setting the environment variable
-`TY_LOG_PROFILE` to `1` or `true`.
+Red Knot generates a folded stack trace to the current directory named `tracing.folded` when setting the environment variable `RED_KNOT_LOG_PROFILE` to `1` or `true`.
 
 ```bash
-TY_LOG_PROFILE=1 ty -- --current-directory=../test -vvv
+RED_KNOT_LOG_PROFILE=1 red_knot -- --current-directory=../test -vvv
 ```
 
 You can convert the textual representation into a visual one using `inferno`.

crates/red_knot/src/logging.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-//! Sets up logging for ty
+//! Sets up logging for Red Knot
 
-use crate::args::TerminalColor;
 use anyhow::Context;
 use colored::Colorize;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{BufWriter, IsTerminal};
+use std::io::BufWriter;
 use tracing::{Event, Subscriber};
-use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 use tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter;
 use tracing_subscriber::fmt::format::Writer;
 use tracing_subscriber::fmt::{FmtContext, FormatEvent, FormatFields};
 use tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan;
+use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 
 /// Logging flags to `#[command(flatten)]` into your CLI
 #[derive(clap::Args, Debug, Clone, Default)]
@@ -43,14 +42,14 @@ impl Verbosity {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
 pub(crate) enum VerbosityLevel {
-    /// Default output level. Only shows Ruff and ty events up to the [`WARN`](tracing::Level::WARN).
+    /// Default output level. Only shows Ruff and Red Knot events up to the [`WARN`](tracing::Level::WARN).
     Default,
 
-    /// Enables verbose output. Emits Ruff and ty events up to the [`INFO`](tracing::Level::INFO).
+    /// Enables verbose output. Emits Ruff and Red Knot events up to the [`INFO`](tracing::Level::INFO).
     /// Corresponds to `-v`.
     Verbose,
 
-    /// Enables a more verbose tracing format and emits Ruff and ty events up to [`DEBUG`](tracing::Level::DEBUG).
+    /// Enables a more verbose tracing format and emits Ruff and Red Knot events up to [`DEBUG`](tracing::Level::DEBUG).
     /// Corresponds to `-vv`
     ExtraVerbose,
 
@@ -77,17 +76,14 @@ impl VerbosityLevel {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn setup_tracing(
-    level: VerbosityLevel,
-    color: TerminalColor,
-) -> anyhow::Result<TracingGuard> {
+pub(crate) fn setup_tracing(level: VerbosityLevel) -> anyhow::Result<TracingGuard> {
     use tracing_subscriber::prelude::*;
 
-    // The `TY_LOG` environment variable overrides the default log level.
-    let filter = if let Ok(log_env_variable) = std::env::var("TY_LOG") {
+    // The `RED_KNOT_LOG` environment variable overrides the default log level.
+    let filter = if let Ok(log_env_variable) = std::env::var("RED_KNOT_LOG") {
         EnvFilter::builder()
             .parse(log_env_variable)
-            .context("Failed to parse directives specified in TY_LOG environment variable.")?
+            .context("Failed to parse directives specified in RED_KNOT_LOG environment variable.")?
     } else {
         match level {
             VerbosityLevel::Default => {
@@ -97,9 +93,9 @@ pub(crate) fn setup_tracing(
             level => {
                 let level_filter = level.level_filter();
 
-                // Show info|debug|trace events, but allow `TY_LOG` to override
+                // Show info|debug|trace events, but allow `RED_KNOT_LOG` to override
                 let filter = EnvFilter::default().add_directive(
-                    format!("ty={level_filter}")
+                    format!("red_knot={level_filter}")
                         .parse()
                         .expect("Hardcoded directive to be valid"),
                 );
@@ -119,33 +115,27 @@ pub(crate) fn setup_tracing(
         .with(filter)
         .with(profiling_layer);
 
-    let ansi = match color {
-        TerminalColor::Auto => {
-            colored::control::SHOULD_COLORIZE.should_colorize() && std::io::stderr().is_terminal()
-        }
-        TerminalColor::Always => true,
-        TerminalColor::Never => false,
-    };
-
     if level.is_trace() {
         let subscriber = registry.with(
-            tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
-                .event_format(tracing_subscriber::fmt::format().pretty())
+            tracing_tree::HierarchicalLayer::default()
+                .with_indent_lines(true)
+                .with_indent_amount(2)
+                .with_bracketed_fields(true)
                 .with_thread_ids(true)
-                .with_ansi(ansi)
-                .with_writer(std::io::stderr),
+                .with_targets(true)
+                .with_writer(std::io::stderr)
+                .with_timer(tracing_tree::time::Uptime::default()),
         );
 
         subscriber.init();
     } else {
         let subscriber = registry.with(
             tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
-                .event_format(TyFormat {
+                .event_format(RedKnotFormat {
                     display_level: true,
                     display_timestamp: level.is_extra_verbose(),
                     show_spans: false,
                 })
-                .with_ansi(ansi)
                 .with_writer(std::io::stderr),
         );
 
@@ -157,7 +147,7 @@ pub(crate) fn setup_tracing(
     })
 }
 
-#[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 fn setup_profile<S>() -> (
     Option<tracing_flame::FlameLayer<S, BufWriter<File>>>,
     Option<tracing_flame::FlushGuard<BufWriter<File>>>,
@@ -165,7 +155,7 @@ fn setup_profile<S>() -> (
 where
     S: Subscriber + for<'span> LookupSpan<'span>,
 {
-    if let Ok("1" | "true") = std::env::var("TY_LOG_PROFILE").as_deref() {
+    if let Ok("1" | "true") = std::env::var("RED_KNOT_LOG_PROFILE").as_deref() {
         let (layer, guard) = tracing_flame::FlameLayer::with_file("tracing.folded")
             .expect("Flame layer to be created");
         (Some(layer), Some(guard))
@@ -178,14 +168,14 @@ pub(crate) struct TracingGuard {
     _flame_guard: Option<tracing_flame::FlushGuard<BufWriter<File>>>,
 }
 
-struct TyFormat {
+struct RedKnotFormat {
     display_timestamp: bool,
     display_level: bool,
     show_spans: bool,
 }
 
 /// See <https://docs.rs/tracing-subscriber/0.3.18/src/tracing_subscriber/fmt/format/mod.rs.html#1026-1156>
-impl<S, N> FormatEvent<S, N> for TyFormat
+impl<S, N> FormatEvent<S, N> for RedKnotFormat
 where
     S: Subscriber + for<'a> LookupSpan<'a>,
     N: for<'a> FormatFields<'a> + 'static,
@@ -200,8 +190,8 @@ where
         let ansi = writer.has_ansi_escapes();
 
         if self.display_timestamp {
-            let timestamp = jiff::Zoned::now()
-                .strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
+            let timestamp = chrono::Local::now()
+                .format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
                 .to_string();
             if ansi {
                 write!(writer, "{} ", timestamp.dimmed())?;
@@ -209,7 +199,7 @@ where
                 write!(
                     writer,
                     "{} ",
-                    jiff::Zoned::now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
+                    chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
                 )?;
             }
         }

crates/red_knot/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+use std::process::{ExitCode, Termination};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
+use clap::Parser;
+use colored::Colorize;
+use crossbeam::channel as crossbeam_channel;
+use python_version::PythonVersion;
+use red_knot_python_semantic::SitePackages;
+use red_knot_server::run_server;
+use red_knot_workspace::db::RootDatabase;
+use red_knot_workspace::watch;
+use red_knot_workspace::watch::WorkspaceWatcher;
+use red_knot_workspace::workspace::settings::Configuration;
+use red_knot_workspace::workspace::WorkspaceMetadata;
+use ruff_db::diagnostic::Diagnostic;
+use ruff_db::system::{OsSystem, System, SystemPath, SystemPathBuf};
+use salsa::plumbing::ZalsaDatabase;
+
+use crate::logging::{setup_tracing, Verbosity};
+
+mod logging;
+mod python_version;
+mod verbosity;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Parser)]
+#[command(
+    author,
+    name = "red-knot",
+    about = "An extremely fast Python type checker."
+)]
+#[command(version)]
+struct Args {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    pub(crate) command: Option<Command>,
+
+    /// Run the command within the given project directory.
+    ///
+    /// All `pyproject.toml` files will be discovered by walking up the directory tree from the given project directory,
+    /// as will the project's virtual environment (`.venv`) unless the `venv-path` option is set.
+    ///
+    /// Other command-line arguments (such as relative paths) will be resolved relative to the current working directory.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "PROJECT")]
+    project: Option<SystemPathBuf>,
+
+    /// Path to the virtual environment the project uses.
+    ///
+    /// If provided, red-knot will use the `site-packages` directory of this virtual environment
+    /// to resolve type information for the project's third-party dependencies.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "PATH")]
+    venv_path: Option<SystemPathBuf>,
+
+    /// Custom directory to use for stdlib typeshed stubs.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "PATH", alias = "custom-typeshed-dir")]
+    typeshed: Option<SystemPathBuf>,
+
+    /// Additional path to use as a module-resolution source (can be passed multiple times).
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "PATH")]
+    extra_search_path: Option<Vec<SystemPathBuf>>,
+
+    /// Python version to assume when resolving types.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "VERSION", alias = "target-version")]
+    python_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+
+    #[clap(flatten)]
+    verbosity: Verbosity,
+
+    /// Run in watch mode by re-running whenever files change.
+    #[arg(long, short = 'W')]
+    watch: bool,
+}
+
+impl Args {
+    fn to_configuration(&self, cli_cwd: &SystemPath) -> Configuration {
+        let mut configuration = Configuration::default();
+
+        if let Some(python_version) = self.python_version {
+            configuration.python_version = Some(python_version.into());
+        }
+
+        if let Some(venv_path) = &self.venv_path {
+            configuration.search_paths.site_packages = Some(SitePackages::Derived {
+                venv_path: SystemPath::absolute(venv_path, cli_cwd),
+            });
+        }
+
+        if let Some(typeshed) = &self.typeshed {
+            configuration.search_paths.typeshed = Some(SystemPath::absolute(typeshed, cli_cwd));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(extra_search_paths) = &self.extra_search_path {
+            configuration.search_paths.extra_paths = extra_search_paths
+                .iter()
+                .map(|path| Some(SystemPath::absolute(path, cli_cwd)))
+                .collect();
+        }
+
+        configuration
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, clap::Subcommand)]
+pub enum Command {
+    /// Start the language server
+    Server,
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::print_stdout, clippy::unnecessary_wraps, clippy::print_stderr)]
+pub fn main() -> ExitStatus {
+    run().unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+        use std::io::Write;
+
+        // Use `writeln` instead of `eprintln` to avoid panicking when the stderr pipe is broken.
+        let mut stderr = std::io::stderr().lock();
+
+        // This communicates that this isn't a linter error but Red Knot itself hard-errored for
+        // some reason (e.g. failed to resolve the configuration)
+        writeln!(stderr, "{}", "Red Knot failed".red().bold()).ok();
+        // Currently we generally only see one error, but e.g. with io errors when resolving
+        // the configuration it is help to chain errors ("resolving configuration failed" ->
+        // "failed to read file: subdir/pyproject.toml")
+        for cause in error.chain() {
+            writeln!(stderr, "  {} {cause}", "Cause:".bold()).ok();
+        }
+
+        ExitStatus::Error
+    })
+}
+
+fn run() -> anyhow::Result<ExitStatus> {
+    let args = Args::parse_from(std::env::args());
+
+    if matches!(args.command, Some(Command::Server)) {
+        return run_server().map(|()| ExitStatus::Success);
+    }
+
+    let verbosity = args.verbosity.level();
+    countme::enable(verbosity.is_trace());
+    let _guard = setup_tracing(verbosity)?;
+
+    // The base path to which all CLI arguments are relative to.
+    let cli_base_path = {
+        let cwd = std::env::current_dir().context("Failed to get the current working directory")?;
+        SystemPathBuf::from_path_buf(cwd)
+            .map_err(|path| {
+                anyhow!(
+                    "The current working directory `{}` contains non-Unicode characters. Red Knot only supports Unicode paths.",
+                    path.display()
+                )
+            })?
+    };
+
+    let cwd = args
+        .project
+        .as_ref()
+        .map(|cwd| {
+            if cwd.as_std_path().is_dir() {
+                Ok(SystemPath::absolute(cwd, &cli_base_path))
+            } else {
+                Err(anyhow!("Provided project path `{cwd}` is not a directory"))
+            }
+        })
+        .transpose()?
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| cli_base_path.clone());
+
+    let system = OsSystem::new(cwd.clone());
+    let cli_configuration = args.to_configuration(&cwd);
+    let workspace_metadata = WorkspaceMetadata::discover(
+        system.current_directory(),
+        &system,
+        Some(&cli_configuration),
+    )?;
+
+    // TODO: Use the `program_settings` to compute the key for the database's persistent
+    //   cache and load the cache if it exists.
+    let mut db = RootDatabase::new(workspace_metadata, system)?;
+
+    let (main_loop, main_loop_cancellation_token) = MainLoop::new(cli_configuration);
+
+    // Listen to Ctrl+C and abort the watch mode.
+    let main_loop_cancellation_token = Mutex::new(Some(main_loop_cancellation_token));
+    ctrlc::set_handler(move || {
+        let mut lock = main_loop_cancellation_token.lock().unwrap();
+
+        if let Some(token) = lock.take() {
+            token.stop();
+        }
+    })?;
+
+    let exit_status = if args.watch {
+        main_loop.watch(&mut db)?
+    } else {
+        main_loop.run(&mut db)
+    };
+
+    tracing::trace!("Counts for entire CLI run:\n{}", countme::get_all());
+
+    std::mem::forget(db);
+
+    Ok(exit_status)
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum ExitStatus {
+    /// Checking was successful and there were no errors.
+    Success = 0,
+
+    /// Checking was successful but there were errors.
+    Failure = 1,
+
+    /// Checking failed.
+    Error = 2,
+}
+
+impl Termination for ExitStatus {
+    fn report(self) -> ExitCode {
+        ExitCode::from(self as u8)
+    }
+}
+
+struct MainLoop {
+    /// Sender that can be used to send messages to the main loop.
+    sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender<MainLoopMessage>,
+
+    /// Receiver for the messages sent **to** the main loop.
+    receiver: crossbeam_channel::Receiver<MainLoopMessage>,
+
+    /// The file system watcher, if running in watch mode.
+    watcher: Option<WorkspaceWatcher>,
+
+    cli_configuration: Configuration,
+}
+
+impl MainLoop {
+    fn new(cli_configuration: Configuration) -> (Self, MainLoopCancellationToken) {
+        let (sender, receiver) = crossbeam_channel::bounded(10);
+
+        (
+            Self {
+                sender: sender.clone(),
+                receiver,
+                watcher: None,
+                cli_configuration,
+            },
+            MainLoopCancellationToken { sender },
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn watch(mut self, db: &mut RootDatabase) -> anyhow::Result<ExitStatus> {
+        tracing::debug!("Starting watch mode");
+        let sender = self.sender.clone();
+        let watcher = watch::directory_watcher(move |event| {
+            sender.send(MainLoopMessage::ApplyChanges(event)).unwrap();
+        })?;
+
+        self.watcher = Some(WorkspaceWatcher::new(watcher, db));
+
+        self.run(db);
+
+        Ok(ExitStatus::Success)
+    }
+
+    fn run(mut self, db: &mut RootDatabase) -> ExitStatus {
+        self.sender.send(MainLoopMessage::CheckWorkspace).unwrap();
+
+        let result = self.main_loop(db);
+
+        tracing::debug!("Exiting main loop");
+
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn main_loop(&mut self, db: &mut RootDatabase) -> ExitStatus {
+        // Schedule the first check.
+        tracing::debug!("Starting main loop");
+
+        let mut revision = 0u64;
+
+        while let Ok(message) = self.receiver.recv() {
+            match message {
+                MainLoopMessage::CheckWorkspace => {
+                    let db = db.clone();
+                    let sender = self.sender.clone();
+
+                    // Spawn a new task that checks the workspace. This needs to be done in a separate thread
+                    // to prevent blocking the main loop here.
+                    rayon::spawn(move || {
+                        if let Ok(result) = db.check() {
+                            // Send the result back to the main loop for printing.
+                            sender
+                                .send(MainLoopMessage::CheckCompleted { result, revision })
+                                .unwrap();
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+
+                MainLoopMessage::CheckCompleted {
+                    result,
+                    revision: check_revision,
+                } => {
+                    let has_diagnostics = !result.is_empty();
+                    if check_revision == revision {
+                        #[allow(clippy::print_stdout)]
+                        for diagnostic in result {
+                            println!("{}", diagnostic.display(db));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        tracing::debug!(
+                            "Discarding check result for outdated revision: current: {revision}, result revision: {check_revision}"
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    if self.watcher.is_none() {
+                        return if has_diagnostics {
+                            ExitStatus::Failure
+                        } else {
+                            ExitStatus::Success
+                        };
+                    }
+
+                    tracing::trace!("Counts after last check:\n{}", countme::get_all());
+                }
+
+                MainLoopMessage::ApplyChanges(changes) => {
+                    revision += 1;
+                    // Automatically cancels any pending queries and waits for them to complete.
+                    db.apply_changes(changes, Some(&self.cli_configuration));
+                    if let Some(watcher) = self.watcher.as_mut() {
+                        watcher.update(db);
+                    }
+                    self.sender.send(MainLoopMessage::CheckWorkspace).unwrap();
+                }
+                MainLoopMessage::Exit => {
+                    // Cancel any pending queries and wait for them to complete.
+                    // TODO: Don't use Salsa internal APIs
+                    //  [Zulip-Thread](https://salsa.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/333573-salsa-3.2E0/topic/Expose.20an.20API.20to.20cancel.20other.20queries)
+                    let _ = db.zalsa_mut();
+                    return ExitStatus::Success;
+                }
+            }
+
+            tracing::debug!("Waiting for next main loop message.");
+        }
+
+        ExitStatus::Success
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct MainLoopCancellationToken {
+    sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender<MainLoopMessage>,
+}
+
+impl MainLoopCancellationToken {
+    fn stop(self) {
+        self.sender.send(MainLoopMessage::Exit).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+/// Message sent from the orchestrator to the main loop.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum MainLoopMessage {
+    CheckWorkspace,
+    CheckCompleted {
+        result: Vec<Box<dyn Diagnostic>>,
+        revision: u64,
+    },
+    ApplyChanges(Vec<watch::ChangeEvent>),
+    Exit,
+}

crates/red_knot/src/python_version.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for PythonVersion {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<PythonVersion> for ruff_python_ast::PythonVersion {
+impl From<PythonVersion> for red_knot_python_semantic::PythonVersion {
     fn from(value: PythonVersion) -> Self {
         match value {
             PythonVersion::Py37 => Self::PY37,
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn same_default_as_python_version() {
         assert_eq!(
-            ruff_python_ast::PythonVersion::from(PythonVersion::default()),
-            ruff_python_ast::PythonVersion::default()
+            red_knot_python_semantic::PythonVersion::from(PythonVersion::default()),
+            red_knot_python_semantic::PythonVersion::default()
         );
     }
 }

crates/red_knot/src/verbosity.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "ty_python_semantic"
+name = "red_knot_python_semantic"
 version = "0.0.0"
 publish = false
 authors = { workspace = true }
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ license = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
 ruff_db = { workspace = true }
-ruff_index = { workspace = true, features = ["salsa"] }
+ruff_index = { workspace = true }
 ruff_macros = { workspace = true }
-ruff_python_ast = { workspace = true, features = ["salsa"] }
+ruff_python_ast = { workspace = true }
 ruff_python_parser = { workspace = true }
 ruff_python_stdlib = { workspace = true }
 ruff_source_file = { workspace = true }
@@ -31,25 +31,22 @@ drop_bomb = { workspace = true }
 indexmap = { workspace = true }
 itertools = { workspace = true }
 ordermap = { workspace = true }
-salsa = { workspace = true, features = ["compact_str"] }
+salsa = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 rustc-hash = { workspace = true }
 hashbrown = { workspace = true }
-schemars = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 serde = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 smallvec = { workspace = true }
 static_assertions = { workspace = true }
 test-case = { workspace = true }
 memchr = { workspace = true }
-strum = { workspace = true }
-strum_macros = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-ruff_db = { workspace = true, features = ["testing", "os"] }
+ruff_db = { workspace = true, features = ["os", "testing"] }
 ruff_python_parser = { workspace = true }
-ty_test = { workspace = true }
-ty_vendored = { workspace = true }
+red_knot_test = { workspace = true }
+red_knot_vendored = { workspace = true }
 
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
 dir-test = { workspace = true }
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ quickcheck = { version = "1.0.3", default-features = false }
 quickcheck_macros = { version = "1.0.0" }
 
 [features]
-serde = ["ruff_db/serde", "dep:serde", "ruff_python_ast/serde"]
+serde = ["ruff_db/serde", "dep:serde"]
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 Markdown files within the `mdtest/` subdirectory are tests of type inference and type checking;
 executed by the `tests/mdtest.rs` integration test.
 
-See `crates/ty_test/README.md` for documentation of this test format.
+See `crates/red_knot_test/README.md` for documentation of this test format.

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/annotated.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ It is invalid to parameterize `Annotated` with less than two arguments.
 ```py
 from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
-# error: [invalid-type-form] "`typing.Annotated` requires at least two arguments when used in a type expression"
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "`Annotated` requires at least two arguments when used in an annotation or type expression"
 def _(x: Annotated):
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
 
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ def _(flag: bool):
     else:
         X = bool
 
-    # error: [invalid-type-form] "`typing.Annotated` requires at least two arguments when used in a type expression"
+    # error: [invalid-type-form] "`Annotated` requires at least two arguments when used in an annotation or type expression"
     def f(y: X):
         reveal_type(y)  # revealed: Unknown | bool
 
-# error: [invalid-type-form] "`typing.Annotated` requires at least two arguments when used in a type expression"
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "`Annotated` requires at least two arguments when used in an annotation or type expression"
 def _(x: Annotated | bool):
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown | bool
 
@@ -73,10 +73,12 @@ Inheriting from `Annotated[T, ...]` is equivalent to inheriting from `T` itself.
 ```py
 from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
+# TODO: False positive
+# error: [invalid-base]
 class C(Annotated[int, "foo"]): ...
 
 # TODO: Should be `tuple[Literal[C], Literal[int], Literal[object]]`
-reveal_type(C.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[<class 'C'>, @Todo(Inference of subscript on special form), <class 'object'>]
+reveal_type(C.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[C], Unknown, Literal[object]]
 ```
 
 ### Not parameterized
@@ -88,5 +90,5 @@ from typing_extensions import Annotated
 # error: [invalid-base]
 class C(Annotated): ...
 
-reveal_type(C.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[<class 'C'>, Unknown, <class 'object'>]
+reveal_type(C.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[C], Unknown, Literal[object]]
 ```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/any.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Any
+
+## Annotation
+
+`typing.Any` is a way to name the Any type.
+
+```py
+from typing import Any
+
+x: Any = 1
+x = "foo"
+
+def f():
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Any
+```
+
+## Aliased to a different name
+
+If you alias `typing.Any` to another name, we still recognize that as a spelling of the Any type.
+
+```py
+from typing import Any as RenamedAny
+
+x: RenamedAny = 1
+x = "foo"
+
+def f():
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Any
+```
+
+## Shadowed class
+
+If you define your own class named `Any`, using that in a type expression refers to your class, and
+isn't a spelling of the Any type.
+
+```py
+class Any: ...
+
+x: Any
+
+def f():
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Any
+
+# This verifies that we're not accidentally seeing typing.Any, since str is assignable
+# to that but not to our locally defined class.
+y: Any = "not an Any"  # error: [invalid-assignment]
+```
+
+## Subclass
+
+The spec allows you to define subclasses of `Any`.
+
+TODO: Handle assignments correctly. `Subclass` has an unknown superclass, which might be `int`. The
+assignment to `x` should not be allowed, even when the unknown superclass is `int`. The assignment
+to `y` should be allowed, since `Subclass` might have `int` as a superclass, and is therefore
+assignable to `int`.
+
+```py
+from typing import Any
+
+class Subclass(Any): ...
+
+reveal_type(Subclass.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[Subclass], Any, Literal[object]]
+
+x: Subclass = 1  # error: [invalid-assignment]
+# TODO: no diagnostic
+y: int = Subclass()  # error: [invalid-assignment]
+
+def _(s: Subclass):
+    reveal_type(s)  # revealed: Subclass
+```
+
+## Invalid
+
+`Any` cannot be parameterized:
+
+```py
+from typing import Any
+
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "Type `typing.Any` expected no type parameter"
+def f(x: Any[int]):
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/literal.md

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Literal
+
+<https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spec/literal.html#literals>
+
+## Parameterization
+
+```py
+from typing import Literal
+from enum import Enum
+
+mode: Literal["w", "r"]
+mode2: Literal["w"] | Literal["r"]
+union_var: Literal[Literal[Literal[1, 2, 3], "foo"], 5, None]
+a1: Literal[26]
+a2: Literal[0x1A]
+a3: Literal[-4]
+a4: Literal["hello world"]
+a5: Literal[b"hello world"]
+a6: Literal[True]
+a7: Literal[None]
+a8: Literal[Literal[1]]
+a9: Literal[Literal["w"], Literal["r"], Literal[Literal["w+"]]]
+
+class Color(Enum):
+    RED = 0
+    GREEN = 1
+    BLUE = 2
+
+b1: Literal[Color.RED]
+
+def f():
+    reveal_type(mode)  # revealed: Literal["w", "r"]
+    reveal_type(mode2)  # revealed: Literal["w", "r"]
+    # TODO: should be revealed: Literal[1, 2, 3, "foo", 5] | None
+    reveal_type(union_var)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2, 3, 5] | Literal["foo"] | None
+    reveal_type(a1)  # revealed: Literal[26]
+    reveal_type(a2)  # revealed: Literal[26]
+    reveal_type(a3)  # revealed: Literal[-4]
+    reveal_type(a4)  # revealed: Literal["hello world"]
+    reveal_type(a5)  # revealed: Literal[b"hello world"]
+    reveal_type(a6)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+    reveal_type(a7)  # revealed: None
+    reveal_type(a8)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+    reveal_type(a9)  # revealed: Literal["w", "r", "w+"]
+    # TODO: This should be Color.RED
+    reveal_type(b1)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+# error: [invalid-type-form]
+invalid1: Literal[3 + 4]
+# error: [invalid-type-form]
+invalid2: Literal[4 + 3j]
+# error: [invalid-type-form]
+invalid3: Literal[(3, 4)]
+
+hello = "hello"
+invalid4: Literal[
+    1 + 2,  # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    "foo",
+    hello,  # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    (1, 2, 3),  # error: [invalid-type-form]
+]
+```
+
+## Detecting Literal outside typing and typing_extensions
+
+Only Literal that is defined in typing and typing_extension modules is detected as the special
+Literal.
+
+```pyi path=other.pyi
+from typing import _SpecialForm
+
+Literal: _SpecialForm
+```
+
+```py
+from other import Literal
+
+a1: Literal[26]
+
+def f():
+    reveal_type(a1)  # revealed: @Todo(generics)
+```
+
+## Detecting typing_extensions.Literal
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Literal
+
+a1: Literal[26]
+
+def f():
+    reveal_type(a1)  # revealed: Literal[26]
+```
+
+## Invalid
+
+```py
+from typing import Literal
+
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "`Literal` requires at least one argument when used in a type expression"
+def _(x: Literal):
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/literal_string.md

@@ -38,12 +38,8 @@ bad_nesting: Literal[LiteralString]  # error: [invalid-type-form]
 ```py
 from typing_extensions import LiteralString
 
-# error: [invalid-type-form]
-a: LiteralString[str]
-
-# error: [invalid-type-form]
-# error: [unresolved-reference] "Name `foo` used when not defined"
-b: LiteralString["foo"]
+a: LiteralString[str]  # error: [invalid-type-form]
+b: LiteralString["foo"]  # error: [invalid-type-form]
 ```
 
 ### As a base class
@@ -76,11 +72,13 @@ reveal_type(baz)  # revealed: Literal["bazfoo"]
 qux = (foo, bar)
 reveal_type(qux)  # revealed: tuple[Literal["foo"], Literal["bar"]]
 
-reveal_type(foo.join(qux))  # revealed: LiteralString
+# TODO: Infer "LiteralString"
+reveal_type(foo.join(qux))  # revealed: @Todo(Attribute access on `StringLiteral` types)
 
 template: LiteralString = "{}, {}"
 reveal_type(template)  # revealed: Literal["{}, {}"]
-reveal_type(template.format(foo, bar))  # revealed: LiteralString
+# TODO: Infer `LiteralString`
+reveal_type(template.format(foo, bar))  # revealed: @Todo(Attribute access on `StringLiteral` types)
 ```
 
 ### Assignability
@@ -102,14 +100,14 @@ def _(flag: bool):
     foo_3: LiteralString = "foo" * 1_000_000_000
     bar_3: str = foo_2  # fine
 
-    baz_1: str = repr(object())
+    baz_1: str = str()
     qux_1: LiteralString = baz_1  # error: [invalid-assignment]
 
     baz_2: LiteralString = "baz" * 1_000_000_000
     qux_2: Literal["qux"] = baz_2  # error: [invalid-assignment]
 
     baz_3 = "foo" if flag else 1
-    reveal_type(baz_3)  # revealed: Literal["foo", 1]
+    reveal_type(baz_3)  # revealed: Literal["foo"] | Literal[1]
     qux_3: LiteralString = baz_3  # error: [invalid-assignment]
 ```
 
@@ -149,4 +147,4 @@ def f():
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: LiteralString
 ```
 
-[1]: https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/literal.html#literalstring
+[1]: https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spec/literal.html#literalstring

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/optional.md

@@ -45,13 +45,3 @@ def f():
     # revealed: int | None
     reveal_type(a)
 ```
-
-## Invalid
-
-```py
-from typing import Optional
-
-# error: [invalid-type-form] "`typing.Optional` requires exactly one argument when used in a type expression"
-def f(x: Optional) -> None:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/starred.md

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 # Starred expression annotations
 
-```toml
-[environment]
-python-version = "3.11"
-```
-
 Type annotations for `*args` can be starred expressions themselves:
 
 ```py
@@ -13,10 +8,11 @@ from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple
 Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")
 
 def append_int(*args: *Ts) -> tuple[*Ts, int]:
-    reveal_type(args)  # revealed: @Todo(PEP 646)
+    # TODO: tuple[*Ts]
+    reveal_type(args)  # revealed: tuple
 
     return (*args, 1)
 
 # TODO should be tuple[Literal[True], Literal["a"], int]
-reveal_type(append_int(True, "a"))  # revealed: @Todo(PEP 646)
+reveal_type(append_int(True, "a"))  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
 ```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/stdlib_typing_aliases.md

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# Typing-module aliases to other stdlib classes
+
+The `typing` module has various aliases to other stdlib classes. These are a legacy feature, but
+still need to be supported by a type checker.
+
+## Correspondence
+
+All of the following symbols can be mapped one-to-one with the actual type:
+
+```py
+import typing
+
+def f(
+    list_bare: typing.List,
+    list_parametrized: typing.List[int],
+    dict_bare: typing.Dict,
+    dict_parametrized: typing.Dict[int, str],
+    set_bare: typing.Set,
+    set_parametrized: typing.Set[int],
+    frozen_set_bare: typing.FrozenSet,
+    frozen_set_parametrized: typing.FrozenSet[str],
+    chain_map_bare: typing.ChainMap,
+    chain_map_parametrized: typing.ChainMap[int],
+    counter_bare: typing.Counter,
+    counter_parametrized: typing.Counter[int],
+    default_dict_bare: typing.DefaultDict,
+    default_dict_parametrized: typing.DefaultDict[str, int],
+    deque_bare: typing.Deque,
+    deque_parametrized: typing.Deque[str],
+    ordered_dict_bare: typing.OrderedDict,
+    ordered_dict_parametrized: typing.OrderedDict[int, str],
+):
+    reveal_type(list_bare)  # revealed: list
+    reveal_type(list_parametrized)  # revealed: list
+
+    reveal_type(dict_bare)  # revealed: dict
+    reveal_type(dict_parametrized)  # revealed: dict
+
+    reveal_type(set_bare)  # revealed: set
+    reveal_type(set_parametrized)  # revealed: set
+
+    reveal_type(frozen_set_bare)  # revealed: frozenset
+    reveal_type(frozen_set_parametrized)  # revealed: frozenset
+
+    reveal_type(chain_map_bare)  # revealed: ChainMap
+    reveal_type(chain_map_parametrized)  # revealed: ChainMap
+
+    reveal_type(counter_bare)  # revealed: Counter
+    reveal_type(counter_parametrized)  # revealed: Counter
+
+    reveal_type(default_dict_bare)  # revealed: defaultdict
+    reveal_type(default_dict_parametrized)  # revealed: defaultdict
+
+    reveal_type(deque_bare)  # revealed: deque
+    reveal_type(deque_parametrized)  # revealed: deque
+
+    reveal_type(ordered_dict_bare)  # revealed: OrderedDict
+    reveal_type(ordered_dict_parametrized)  # revealed: OrderedDict
+```
+
+## Inheritance
+
+The aliases can be inherited from. Some of these are still partially or wholly TODOs.
+
+```py
+import typing
+
+####################
+### Built-ins
+
+class ListSubclass(typing.List): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[ListSubclass], Literal[list], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(ListSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class DictSubclass(typing.Dict): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[DictSubclass], Literal[dict], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(DictSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class SetSubclass(typing.Set): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[SetSubclass], Literal[set], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(SetSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class FrozenSetSubclass(typing.FrozenSet): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[FrozenSetSubclass], Literal[frozenset], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(FrozenSetSubclass.__mro__)
+
+####################
+### `collections`
+
+class ChainMapSubclass(typing.ChainMap): ...
+
+# TODO: Should be (ChainMapSubclass, ChainMap, MutableMapping, Mapping, Collection, Sized, Iterable, Container, Generic, object)
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[ChainMapSubclass], Literal[ChainMap], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(ChainMapSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class CounterSubclass(typing.Counter): ...
+
+# TODO: Should be (CounterSubclass, Counter, dict, MutableMapping, Mapping, Collection, Sized, Iterable, Container, Generic, object)
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[CounterSubclass], Literal[Counter], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(CounterSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class DefaultDictSubclass(typing.DefaultDict): ...
+
+# TODO: Should be (DefaultDictSubclass, defaultdict, dict, MutableMapping, Mapping, Collection, Sized, Iterable, Container, Generic, object)
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[DefaultDictSubclass], Literal[defaultdict], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(DefaultDictSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class DequeSubclass(typing.Deque): ...
+
+# TODO: Should be (DequeSubclass, deque, MutableSequence, Sequence, Reversible, Collection, Sized, Iterable, Container, Generic, object)
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[DequeSubclass], Literal[deque], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(DequeSubclass.__mro__)
+
+class OrderedDictSubclass(typing.OrderedDict): ...
+
+# TODO: Should be (OrderedDictSubclass, OrderedDict, dict, MutableMapping, Mapping, Collection, Sized, Iterable, Container, Generic, object)
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[OrderedDictSubclass], Literal[OrderedDict], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(OrderedDictSubclass.__mro__)
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/string.md

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def f1(
 from typing import Literal
 
 def f(v: Literal["a", r"b", b"c", "d" "e", "\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER F}", "\x67", """h"""]):
-    reveal_type(v)  # revealed: Literal["a", "b", "de", "f", "g", "h", b"c"]
+    reveal_type(v)  # revealed: Literal["a", "b", "de", "f", "g", "h"] | Literal[b"c"]
 ```
 
 ## Class variables
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ MyType = int
 class Aliases:
     MyType = str
 
-    forward: "MyType" = "value"
-    not_forward: MyType = "value"
+    forward: "MyType"
+    not_forward: MyType
 
 reveal_type(Aliases.forward)  # revealed: str
 reveal_type(Aliases.not_forward)  # revealed: str
@@ -173,40 +173,3 @@ p: "call()"
 r: "[1, 2]"
 s: "(1, 2)"
 ```
-
-## Multi line annotation
-
-Quoted type annotations should be parsed as if surrounded by parentheses.
-
-```py
-def valid(
-    a1: """(
-      int |
-      str
-  )
-  """,
-    a2: """
-     int |
-       str
-  """,
-):
-    reveal_type(a1)  # revealed: int | str
-    reveal_type(a2)  # revealed: int | str
-
-def invalid(
-    # error: [invalid-syntax-in-forward-annotation]
-    a1: """
-  int |
-str)
-""",
-    # error: [invalid-syntax-in-forward-annotation]
-    a2: """
-  int) |
-str
-""",
-    # error: [invalid-syntax-in-forward-annotation]
-    a3: """
-      (int)) """,
-):
-    pass
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/union.md

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 
 ## Annotation
 
-`typing.Union` can be used to construct union types in the same way as the `|` operator.
+`typing.Union` can be used to construct union types same as `|` operator.
 
 ```py
 from typing import Union
 
 a: Union[int, str]
 a1: Union[int, bool]
-a2: Union[int, Union[bytes, str]]
+a2: Union[int, Union[float, str]]
 a3: Union[int, None]
-a4: Union[Union[bytes, str]]
+a4: Union[Union[float, str]]
 a5: Union[int]
 a6: Union[()]
 
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ def f():
     # Since bool is a subtype of int we simplify to int here. But we do allow assigning boolean values (see below).
     # revealed: int
     reveal_type(a1)
-    # revealed: int | bytes | str
+    # revealed: int | float | str
     reveal_type(a2)
     # revealed: int | None
     reveal_type(a3)
-    # revealed: bytes | str
+    # revealed: float | str
     reveal_type(a4)
     # revealed: int
     reveal_type(a5)
@@ -59,30 +59,3 @@ def f():
     # revealed: int | str
     reveal_type(a)
 ```
-
-## Invalid
-
-```py
-from typing import Union
-
-# error: [invalid-type-form] "`typing.Union` requires at least one argument when used in a type expression"
-def f(x: Union) -> None:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
-```
-
-## Implicit type aliases using new-style unions
-
-We don't recognise these as type aliases yet, but we also don't emit false-positive diagnostics if
-you use them in type expressions:
-
-```toml
-[environment]
-python-version = "3.10"
-```
-
-```py
-X = int | str
-
-def f(y: X):
-    reveal_type(y)  # revealed: @Todo(Support for `types.UnionType` instances in type expressions)
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/unsupported_special_forms.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Unsupported special forms
+
+## Not yet supported
+
+Several special forms are unsupported by red-knot currently. However, we also don't emit
+false-positive errors if you use one in an annotation:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeVarTuple, Unpack, TypeGuard, TypeIs, Concatenate, ParamSpec, TypeAlias, Callable, TypeVar
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")
+R_co = TypeVar("R_co", covariant=True)
+
+Alias: TypeAlias = int
+
+def f(*args: Unpack[Ts]) -> tuple[Unpack[Ts]]:
+    # TODO: should understand the annotation
+    reveal_type(args)  # revealed: tuple
+
+    reveal_type(Alias)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+
+def g() -> TypeGuard[int]: ...
+def h() -> TypeIs[int]: ...
+def i(callback: Callable[Concatenate[int, P], R_co], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R_co:
+    # TODO: should understand the annotation
+    reveal_type(args)  # revealed: tuple
+
+    # TODO: should understand the annotation
+    reveal_type(kwargs)  # revealed: dict
+
+    return callback(42, *args, **kwargs)
+
+class Foo:
+    def method(self, x: Self):
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+```
+
+## Inheritance
+
+You can't inherit from most of these. `typing.Callable` is an exception.
+
+```py
+from typing import Callable
+from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, TypeGuard, TypeIs, Concatenate
+
+class A(Self): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class B(Unpack): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class C(TypeGuard): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class D(TypeIs): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class E(Concatenate): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class F(Callable): ...
+
+reveal_type(F.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[F], @Todo(Support for Callable as a base class), Literal[object]]
+```
+
+## Subscriptability
+
+Some of these are not subscriptable:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias
+
+X: TypeAlias[T] = int  # error: [invalid-type-form]
+
+class Foo[T]:
+    # error: [invalid-type-form] "Special form `typing.Self` expected no type parameter"
+    # error: [invalid-type-form] "Special form `typing.Self` expected no type parameter"
+    def method(self: Self[int]) -> Self[int]:
+        reveal_type(self)  # revealed: Unknown
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/unsupported_type_qualifiers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Unsupported type qualifiers
+
+## Not yet supported
+
+Several type qualifiers are unsupported by red-knot currently. However, we also don't emit
+false-positive errors if you use one in an annotation:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Final, ClassVar, Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly, TypedDict
+
+X: Final = 42
+Y: Final[int] = 42
+
+class Foo:
+    A: ClassVar[int] = 42
+
+# TODO: `TypedDict` is actually valid as a base
+# error: [invalid-base]
+class Bar(TypedDict):
+    x: Required[int]
+    y: NotRequired[str]
+    z: ReadOnly[bytes]
+```
+
+## Inheritance
+
+You can't inherit from a type qualifier.
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Final, ClassVar, Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly
+
+class A(Final): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class B(ClassVar): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class C(Required): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class D(NotRequired): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class E(ReadOnly): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/assignment/annotations.md

@@ -25,14 +25,7 @@ x = "foo"  # error: [invalid-assignment] "Object of type `Literal["foo"]` is not
 
 ## Tuple annotations are understood
 
-```toml
-[environment]
-python-version = "3.12"
-```
-
-`module.py`:
-
-```py
+```py path=module.py
 from typing_extensions import Unpack
 
 a: tuple[()] = ()
@@ -47,21 +40,22 @@ i: tuple[str | int, str | int] = (42, 42)
 j: tuple[str | int] = (42,)
 ```
 
-`script.py`:
-
-```py
+```py path=script.py
 from module import a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
 
 reveal_type(a)  # revealed: tuple[()]
 reveal_type(b)  # revealed: tuple[int]
 reveal_type(c)  # revealed: tuple[str, int]
 reveal_type(d)  # revealed: tuple[tuple[str, str], tuple[int, int]]
-reveal_type(e)  # revealed: tuple[str, ...]
 
-reveal_type(f)  # revealed: @Todo(PEP 646)
-reveal_type(g)  # revealed: @Todo(PEP 646)
+# TODO: homogeneous tuples, PEP-646 tuples
+reveal_type(e)  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
+reveal_type(f)  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
+reveal_type(g)  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
+
+# TODO: support more kinds of type expressions in annotations
+reveal_type(h)  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
 
-reveal_type(h)  # revealed: tuple[list[int], list[int]]
 reveal_type(i)  # revealed: tuple[str | int, str | int]
 reveal_type(j)  # revealed: tuple[str | int]
 ```
@@ -75,7 +69,7 @@ a: tuple[()] = (1, 2)
 # error: [invalid-assignment] "Object of type `tuple[Literal["foo"]]` is not assignable to `tuple[int]`"
 b: tuple[int] = ("foo",)
 
-# error: [invalid-assignment] "Object of type `tuple[list[Unknown], Literal["foo"]]` is not assignable to `tuple[str | int, str]`"
+# error: [invalid-assignment] "Object of type `tuple[list, Literal["foo"]]` is not assignable to `tuple[str | int, str]`"
 c: tuple[str | int, str] = ([], "foo")
 ```
 
@@ -88,33 +82,6 @@ def foo(v: str | int | None, w: str | str | None, x: str | str):
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 ```
 
-## PEP-604 in non-type-expression context
-
-### In Python 3.10 and later
-
-```toml
-[environment]
-python-version = "3.10"
-```
-
-```py
-IntOrStr = int | str
-```
-
-### Earlier versions
-
-<!-- snapshot-diagnostics -->
-
-```toml
-[environment]
-python-version = "3.9"
-```
-
-```py
-# error: [unsupported-operator]
-IntOrStr = int | str
-```
-
 ## Attribute expressions in type annotations are understood
 
 ```py
@@ -147,7 +114,7 @@ reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Foo
 
 ## Annotations in stub files are deferred
 
-```pyi
+```pyi path=main.pyi
 x: Foo
 
 class Foo: ...
@@ -155,10 +122,3 @@ class Foo: ...
 x = Foo()
 reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Foo
 ```
-
-## Annotated assignments in stub files are inferred correctly
-
-```pyi
-x: int = 1
-reveal_type(x) # revealed: Literal[1]
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/assignment/augmented.md

@@ -9,11 +9,7 @@ reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[2]
 
 x = 1.0
 x /= 2
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: int | float
-
-x = (1, 2)
-x += (3, 4)
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2], Literal[3], Literal[4]]
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
 ```
 
 ## Dunder methods
@@ -28,12 +24,12 @@ x -= 1
 reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 
 class C:
-    def __iadd__(self, other: str) -> int:
-        return 1
+    def __iadd__(self, other: str) -> float:
+        return 1.0
 
 x = C()
 x += "Hello"
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
 ```
 
 ## Unsupported types
@@ -44,9 +40,9 @@ class C:
         return 42
 
 x = C()
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `-=` is unsupported between objects of type `C` and `Literal[1]`"
 x -= 1
 
+# TODO: should error, once operand type check is implemented
 reveal_type(x)  # revealed: int
 ```
 
@@ -79,7 +75,8 @@ def _(flag: bool):
 
     f = Foo()
 
-    # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `+=` is unsupported between objects of type `Foo` and `Literal["Hello, world!"]`"
+    # TODO: We should emit an `unsupported-operator` error here, possibly with the information
+    # that `Foo.__iadd__` may be unbound as additional context.
     f += "Hello, world!"
 
     reveal_type(f)  # revealed: int | Unknown
@@ -133,10 +130,10 @@ def _(flag: bool):
     if flag:
         f = Foo()
     else:
-        f = 42
+        f = 42.0
     f += 12
 
-    reveal_type(f)  # revealed: str | Literal[54]
+    reveal_type(f)  # revealed: str | float
 ```
 
 ## Partially bound target union with `__add__`
@@ -165,18 +162,3 @@ def f(flag: bool, flag2: bool):
 
     reveal_type(f)  # revealed: int | str | float
 ```
-
-## Implicit dunder calls on class objects
-
-```py
-class Meta(type):
-    def __iadd__(cls, other: int) -> str:
-        return ""
-
-class C(metaclass=Meta): ...
-
-cls = C
-cls += 1
-
-reveal_type(cls)  # revealed: str
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/attributes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# Attributes
+
+Tests for attribute access on various kinds of types.
+
+## Union of attributes
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    if flag:
+        class C1:
+            x = 1
+
+    else:
+        class C1:
+            x = 2
+
+    class C2:
+        if flag:
+            x = 3
+        else:
+            x = 4
+
+    reveal_type(C1.x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2]
+    reveal_type(C2.x)  # revealed: Literal[3, 4]
+```
+
+## Inherited attributes
+
+```py
+class A:
+    X = "foo"
+
+class B(A): ...
+class C(B): ...
+
+reveal_type(C.X)  # revealed: Literal["foo"]
+```
+
+## Inherited attributes (multiple inheritance)
+
+```py
+class O: ...
+
+class F(O):
+    X = 56
+
+class E(O):
+    X = 42
+
+class D(O): ...
+class C(D, F): ...
+class B(E, D): ...
+class A(B, C): ...
+
+# revealed: tuple[Literal[A], Literal[B], Literal[E], Literal[C], Literal[D], Literal[F], Literal[O], Literal[object]]
+reveal_type(A.__mro__)
+
+# `E` is earlier in the MRO than `F`, so we should use the type of `E.X`
+reveal_type(A.X)  # revealed: Literal[42]
+```
+
+## Unions with possibly unbound paths
+
+### Definite boundness within a class
+
+In this example, the `x` attribute is not defined in the `C2` element of the union:
+
+```py
+def _(flag1: bool, flag2: bool):
+    class C1:
+        x = 1
+
+    class C2: ...
+
+    class C3:
+        x = 3
+
+    C = C1 if flag1 else C2 if flag2 else C3
+
+    # error: [possibly-unbound-attribute] "Attribute `x` on type `Literal[C1, C2, C3]` is possibly unbound"
+    reveal_type(C.x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 3]
+```
+
+### Possibly-unbound within a class
+
+We raise the same diagnostic if the attribute is possibly-unbound in at least one element of the
+union:
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool, flag1: bool, flag2: bool):
+    class C1:
+        x = 1
+
+    class C2:
+        if flag:
+            x = 2
+
+    class C3:
+        x = 3
+
+    C = C1 if flag1 else C2 if flag2 else C3
+
+    # error: [possibly-unbound-attribute] "Attribute `x` on type `Literal[C1, C2, C3]` is possibly unbound"
+    reveal_type(C.x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2, 3]
+```
+
+## Unions with all paths unbound
+
+If the symbol is unbound in all elements of the union, we detect that:
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    class C1: ...
+    class C2: ...
+    C = C1 if flag else C2
+
+    # error: [unresolved-attribute] "Type `Literal[C1, C2]` has no attribute `x`"
+    reveal_type(C.x)  # revealed: Unknown
+```
+
+## Objects of all types have a `__class__` method
+
+```py
+import typing_extensions
+
+reveal_type(typing_extensions.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[ModuleType]
+
+a = 42
+reveal_type(a.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[int]
+
+b = "42"
+reveal_type(b.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[str]
+
+c = b"42"
+reveal_type(c.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[bytes]
+
+d = True
+reveal_type(d.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[bool]
+
+e = (42, 42)
+reveal_type(e.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[tuple]
+
+def f(a: int, b: typing_extensions.LiteralString, c: int | str, d: type[str]):
+    reveal_type(a.__class__)  # revealed: type[int]
+    reveal_type(b.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[str]
+    reveal_type(c.__class__)  # revealed: type[int] | type[str]
+
+    # `type[type]`, a.k.a., either the class `type` or some subclass of `type`.
+    # It would be incorrect to infer `Literal[type]` here,
+    # as `c` could be some subclass of `str` with a custom metaclass.
+    # All we know is that the metaclass must be a (non-strict) subclass of `type`.
+    reveal_type(d.__class__)  # revealed: type[type]
+
+reveal_type(f.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[FunctionType]
+
+class Foo: ...
+
+reveal_type(Foo.__class__)  # revealed: Literal[type]
+```
+
+## Function-literal attributes
+
+Most attribute accesses on function-literal types are delegated to `types.FunctionType`, since all
+functions are instances of that class:
+
+```py path=a.py
+def f(): ...
+
+reveal_type(f.__defaults__)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+reveal_type(f.__kwdefaults__)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+```
+
+Some attributes are special-cased, however:
+
+```py path=b.py
+def f(): ...
+
+reveal_type(f.__get__)  # revealed: @Todo(`__get__` method on functions)
+reveal_type(f.__call__)  # revealed: @Todo(`__call__` method on functions)
+```
+
+## Int-literal attributes
+
+Most attribute accesses on int-literal types are delegated to `builtins.int`, since all literal
+integers are instances of that class:
+
+```py path=a.py
+reveal_type((2).bit_length)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+reveal_type((2).denominator)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+```
+
+Some attributes are special-cased, however:
+
+```py path=b.py
+reveal_type((2).numerator)  # revealed: Literal[2]
+reveal_type((2).real)  # revealed: Literal[2]
+```
+
+## Literal `bool` attributes
+
+Most attribute accesses on bool-literal types are delegated to `builtins.bool`, since all literal
+bols are instances of that class:
+
+```py path=a.py
+reveal_type(True.__and__)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+reveal_type(False.__or__)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+```
+
+Some attributes are special-cased, however:
+
+```py path=b.py
+reveal_type(True.numerator)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(False.real)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+```
+
+## Bytes-literal attributes
+
+All attribute access on literal `bytes` types is currently delegated to `buitins.bytes`:
+
+```py
+reveal_type(b"foo".join)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+reveal_type(b"foo".endswith)  # revealed: @Todo(instance attributes)
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/binary/booleans.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+## Binary operations on booleans
+
+## Basic Arithmetic
+
+We try to be precise and all operations except for division will result in Literal type.
+
+```py
+a = True
+b = False
+
+reveal_type(a + a)  # revealed: Literal[2]
+reveal_type(a + b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b + a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b + b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a - a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(a - b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b - a)  # revealed: Literal[-1]
+reveal_type(b - b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a * a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(a * b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b * a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b * b)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a % a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b % a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a // a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b // a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+
+reveal_type(a**a)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(a**b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+reveal_type(b**a)  # revealed: Literal[0]
+reveal_type(b**b)  # revealed: Literal[1]
+
+# Division
+reveal_type(a / a)  # revealed: float
+reveal_type(b / a)  # revealed: float
+b / b  # error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[False]` by zero"
+a / b  # error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[True]` by zero"
+
+# bitwise OR
+reveal_type(a | a)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+reveal_type(a | b)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+reveal_type(b | a)  # revealed: Literal[True]
+reveal_type(b | b)  # revealed: Literal[False]
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/binary/instances.md

@@ -14,43 +14,43 @@ We support inference for all Python's binary operators: `+`, `-`, `*`, `@`, `/`,
 
 ```py
 class A:
-    def __add__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __add__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __sub__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __sub__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __mul__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __mul__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __matmul__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __matmul__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __truediv__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __truediv__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __floordiv__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __floordiv__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __mod__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __mod__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __pow__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __pow__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __lshift__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __lshift__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rshift__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rshift__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __and__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __and__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __xor__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __xor__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __or__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __or__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
 class B: ...
@@ -76,43 +76,43 @@ We also support inference for reflected operations:
 
 ```py
 class A:
-    def __radd__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rsub__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rsub__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rmul__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rmul__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rmatmul__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rmatmul__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rfloordiv__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rmod__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rmod__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rpow__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rpow__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rlshift__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rlshift__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rrshift__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rrshift__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rand__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rand__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __rxor__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __rxor__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __ror__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __ror__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
 class B: ...
@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ the right-hand side is not a subtype of the left-hand side, `lhs.__add__` will t
 
 ```py
 class A:
-    def __add__(self, other: "B") -> int:
+    def __add__(self, other: B) -> int:
         return 42
 
 class B:
-    def __radd__(self, other: "A") -> str:
+    def __radd__(self, other: A) -> str:
         return "foo"
 
 reveal_type(A() + B())  # revealed:  int
@@ -169,10 +169,10 @@ reveal_type(A() + B())  # revealed:  int
 # Edge case: C is a subtype of C, *but* if the two sides are of *equal* types,
 # the lhs *still* takes precedence
 class C:
-    def __add__(self, other: "C") -> int:
+    def __add__(self, other: C) -> int:
         return 42
 
-    def __radd__(self, other: "C") -> str:
+    def __radd__(self, other: C) -> str:
         return "foo"
 
 reveal_type(C() + C())  # revealed: int
@@ -237,14 +237,17 @@ well.
 
 ```py
 class A:
-    def __sub__(self, other: "A") -> "A":
+    def __sub__(self, other: A) -> A:
         return A()
 
 class B:
-    def __rsub__(self, other: A) -> "B":
+    def __rsub__(self, other: A) -> B:
         return B()
 
-reveal_type(A() - B())  # revealed: B
+# TODO: this should be `B` (the return annotation of `B.__rsub__`),
+# because `A.__sub__` is annotated as only accepting `A`,
+# but `B.__rsub__` will accept `A`.
+reveal_type(A() - B())  # revealed: A
 ```
 
 ## Callable instances as dunders
@@ -259,38 +262,31 @@ class A:
 class B:
     __add__ = A()
 
-reveal_type(B() + B())  # revealed: Unknown | int
-```
-
-Note that we union with `Unknown` here because `__add__` is not declared. We do infer just `int` if
-the callable is declared:
-
-```py
-class B2:
-    __add__: A = A()
-
-reveal_type(B2() + B2())  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(B() + B())  # revealed: int
 ```
 
 ## Integration test: numbers from typeshed
 
-We get less precise results from binary operations on float/complex literals due to the special case
-for annotations of `float` or `complex`, which applies also to return annotations for typeshed
-dunder methods. Perhaps we could have a special-case on the special-case, to exclude these typeshed
-return annotations from the widening, and preserve a bit more precision here?
-
 ```py
-reveal_type(3j + 3.14)  # revealed: int | float | complex
-reveal_type(4.2 + 42)  # revealed: int | float
-reveal_type(3j + 3)  # revealed: int | float | complex
-reveal_type(3.14 + 3j)  # revealed: int | float | complex
-reveal_type(42 + 4.2)  # revealed: int | float
-reveal_type(3 + 3j)  # revealed: int | float | complex
+reveal_type(3j + 3.14)  # revealed: complex
+reveal_type(4.2 + 42)  # revealed: float
+reveal_type(3j + 3)  # revealed: complex
+
+# TODO should be complex, need to check arg type and fall back to `rhs.__radd__`
+reveal_type(3.14 + 3j)  # revealed: float
+
+# TODO should be float, need to check arg type and fall back to `rhs.__radd__`
+reveal_type(42 + 4.2)  # revealed: int
+
+# TODO should be complex, need to check arg type and fall back to `rhs.__radd__`
+reveal_type(3 + 3j)  # revealed: int
 
 def _(x: bool, y: int):
     reveal_type(x + y)  # revealed: int
-    reveal_type(4.2 + x)  # revealed: int | float
-    reveal_type(y + 4.12)  # revealed: int | float
+    reveal_type(4.2 + x)  # revealed: float
+
+    # TODO should be float, need to check arg type and fall back to `rhs.__radd__`
+    reveal_type(y + 4.12)  # revealed: int
 ```
 
 ## With literal types
@@ -300,31 +296,37 @@ its instance super-type.
 
 ```py
 class A:
-    def __add__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __add__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
-    def __radd__(self, other) -> "A":
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> A:
         return self
 
 reveal_type(A() + 1)  # revealed: A
-reveal_type(1 + A())  # revealed: A
+# TODO should be `A` since `int.__add__` doesn't support `A` instances
+reveal_type(1 + A())  # revealed: int
 
 reveal_type(A() + "foo")  # revealed: A
-reveal_type("foo" + A())  # revealed: A
+# TODO should be `A` since `str.__add__` doesn't support `A` instances
+# TODO overloads
+reveal_type("foo" + A())  # revealed: @Todo(return type)
 
 reveal_type(A() + b"foo")  # revealed: A
 # TODO should be `A` since `bytes.__add__` doesn't support `A` instances
 reveal_type(b"foo" + A())  # revealed: bytes
 
 reveal_type(A() + ())  # revealed: A
-reveal_type(() + A())  # revealed: A
+# TODO this should be `A`, since `tuple.__add__` doesn't support `A` instances
+reveal_type(() + A())  # revealed: @Todo(return type)
 
 literal_string_instance = "foo" * 1_000_000_000
 # the test is not testing what it's meant to be testing if this isn't a `LiteralString`:
 reveal_type(literal_string_instance)  # revealed: LiteralString
 
 reveal_type(A() + literal_string_instance)  # revealed: A
-reveal_type(literal_string_instance + A())  # revealed: A
+# TODO should be `A` since `str.__add__` doesn't support `A` instances
+# TODO overloads
+reveal_type(literal_string_instance + A())  # revealed: @Todo(return type)
 ```
 
 ## Operations involving instances of classes inheriting from `Any`
@@ -352,53 +354,6 @@ class Y(Foo): ...
 reveal_type(X() + Y())  # revealed: int
 ```
 
-## Operations involving types with invalid `__bool__` methods
-
-<!-- snapshot-diagnostics -->
-
-```py
-class NotBoolable:
-    __bool__: int = 3
-
-a = NotBoolable()
-
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion]
-10 and a and True
-```
-
-## Operations on class objects
-
-When operating on class objects, the corresponding dunder methods are looked up on the metaclass.
-
-```py
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-class Meta(type):
-    def __add__(self, other: Meta) -> int:
-        return 1
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: Meta) -> bool:
-        return True
-
-    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> str:
-        return "a"
-
-class A(metaclass=Meta): ...
-class B(metaclass=Meta): ...
-
-reveal_type(A + B)  # revealed: int
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `-` is unsupported between objects of type `<class 'A'>` and `<class 'B'>`"
-reveal_type(A - B)  # revealed: Unknown
-
-reveal_type(A < B)  # revealed: bool
-reveal_type(A > B)  # revealed: bool
-
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<=` is not supported for types `<class 'A'>` and `<class 'B'>`"
-reveal_type(A <= B)  # revealed: Unknown
-
-reveal_type(A[0])  # revealed: str
-```
-
 ## Unsupported
 
 ### Dunder as instance attribute
@@ -434,12 +389,10 @@ A left-hand dunder method doesn't apply for the right-hand operand, or vice vers
 
 ```py
 class A:
-    def __add__(self, other) -> int:
-        return 1
+    def __add__(self, other) -> int: ...
 
 class B:
-    def __radd__(self, other) -> int:
-        return 1
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> int: ...
 
 class C: ...
 
@@ -461,7 +414,7 @@ the unreflected dunder of the left-hand operand. For context, see
 
 ```py
 class Foo:
-    def __radd__(self, other: "Foo") -> "Foo":
+    def __radd__(self, other: Foo) -> Foo:
         return self
 
 # error: [unsupported-operator]

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/binary/integers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Binary operations on integers
+
+## Basic Arithmetic
+
+```py
+reveal_type(2 + 1)  # revealed: Literal[3]
+reveal_type(3 - 4)  # revealed: Literal[-1]
+reveal_type(3 * -1)  # revealed: Literal[-3]
+reveal_type(-3 // 3)  # revealed: Literal[-1]
+reveal_type(-3 / 3)  # revealed: float
+reveal_type(5 % 3)  # revealed: Literal[2]
+```
+
+## Power
+
+For power if the result fits in the int literal type it will be a Literal type. Otherwise the
+outcome is int.
+
+```py
+largest_u32 = 4_294_967_295
+reveal_type(2**2)  # revealed: Literal[4]
+reveal_type(1 ** (largest_u32 + 1))  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(2**largest_u32)  # revealed: int
+```
+
+## Division by Zero
+
+This error is really outside the current Python type system, because e.g. `int.__truediv__` and
+friends are not annotated to indicate that it's an error, and we don't even have a facility to
+permit such an annotation. So arguably divide-by-zero should be a lint error rather than a type
+checker error. But we choose to go ahead and error in the cases that are very likely to be an error:
+dividing something typed as `int` or `float` by something known to be `Literal[0]`.
+
+This isn't _definitely_ an error, because the object typed as `int` or `float` could be an instance
+of a custom subclass which overrides division behavior to handle zero without error. But if this
+unusual case occurs, the error can be avoided by explicitly typing the dividend as that safe custom
+subclass; we only emit the error if the LHS type is exactly `int` or `float`, not if its a subclass.
+
+```py
+a = 1 / 0  # error: "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[1]` by zero"
+reveal_type(a)  # revealed: float
+
+b = 2 // 0  # error: "Cannot floor divide object of type `Literal[2]` by zero"
+reveal_type(b)  # revealed: int
+
+c = 3 % 0  # error: "Cannot reduce object of type `Literal[3]` modulo zero"
+reveal_type(c)  # revealed: int
+
+# error: "Cannot divide object of type `int` by zero"
+# revealed: float
+reveal_type(int() / 0)
+
+# error: "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[1]` by zero"
+# revealed: float
+reveal_type(1 / False)
+# error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[True]` by zero"
+True / False
+# error: [division-by-zero] "Cannot divide object of type `Literal[True]` by zero"
+bool(1) / False
+
+# error: "Cannot divide object of type `float` by zero"
+# revealed: float
+reveal_type(1.0 / 0)
+
+class MyInt(int): ...
+
+# No error for a subclass of int
+# revealed: float
+reveal_type(MyInt(3) / 0)
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/boolean/short_circuit.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ if True and (x := 1):
 
 ```py
 def _(flag: bool):
-    flag or (x := 1) or reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Never
+    flag or (x := 1) or reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
 
     # error: [unresolved-reference]
     flag or reveal_type(y) or (y := 1)  # revealed: Unknown

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/callable_instance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Callable instance
+
+## Dunder call
+
+```py
+class Multiplier:
+    def __init__(self, factor: float):
+        self.factor = factor
+
+    def __call__(self, number: float) -> float:
+        return number * self.factor
+
+a = Multiplier(2.0)(3.0)
+reveal_type(a)  # revealed: float
+
+class Unit: ...
+
+b = Unit()(3.0)  # error: "Object of type `Unit` is not callable"
+reveal_type(b)  # revealed: Unknown
+```
+
+## Possibly unbound `__call__` method
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    class PossiblyNotCallable:
+        if flag:
+            def __call__(self) -> int: ...
+
+    a = PossiblyNotCallable()
+    result = a()  # error: "Object of type `PossiblyNotCallable` is not callable (possibly unbound `__call__` method)"
+    reveal_type(result)  # revealed: int
+```
+
+## Possibly unbound callable
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    if flag:
+        class PossiblyUnbound:
+            def __call__(self) -> int: ...
+
+    # error: [possibly-unresolved-reference]
+    a = PossiblyUnbound()
+    reveal_type(a())  # revealed: int
+```
+
+## Non-callable `__call__`
+
+```py
+class NonCallable:
+    __call__ = 1
+
+a = NonCallable()
+# error: "Object of type `NonCallable` is not callable"
+reveal_type(a())  # revealed: Unknown
+```
+
+## Possibly non-callable `__call__`
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    class NonCallable:
+        if flag:
+            __call__ = 1
+        else:
+            def __call__(self) -> int: ...
+
+    a = NonCallable()
+    # error: "Object of type `Literal[1] | Literal[__call__]` is not callable (due to union element `Literal[1]`)"
+    reveal_type(a())  # revealed: Unknown | int
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/constructor.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Constructor
+
+```py
+class Foo: ...
+
+reveal_type(Foo())  # revealed: Foo
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/function.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Call expression
+
+## Simple
+
+```py
+def get_int() -> int:
+    return 42
+
+reveal_type(get_int())  # revealed: int
+```
+
+## Async
+
+```py
+async def get_int_async() -> int:
+    return 42
+
+# TODO: we don't yet support `types.CoroutineType`, should be generic `Coroutine[Any, Any, int]`
+reveal_type(get_int_async())  # revealed: @Todo(generic types.CoroutineType)
+```
+
+## Generic
+
+```py
+def get_int[T]() -> int:
+    return 42
+
+reveal_type(get_int())  # revealed: int
+```
+
+## Decorated
+
+```py
+from typing import Callable
+
+def foo() -> int:
+    return 42
+
+def decorator(func) -> Callable[[], int]:
+    return foo
+
+@decorator
+def bar() -> str:
+    return "bar"
+
+# TODO: should reveal `int`, as the decorator replaces `bar` with `foo`
+reveal_type(bar())  # revealed: @Todo(return type)
+```
+
+## Invalid callable
+
+```py
+nonsense = 123
+x = nonsense()  # error: "Object of type `Literal[123]` is not callable"
+```
+
+## Potentially unbound function
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    if flag:
+        def foo() -> int:
+            return 42
+    # error: [possibly-unresolved-reference]
+    reveal_type(foo())  # revealed: int
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/union.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Unions in calls
+
+## Union of return types
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    if flag:
+        def f() -> int:
+            return 1
+    else:
+        def f() -> str:
+            return "foo"
+    reveal_type(f())  # revealed: int | str
+```
+
+## Calling with an unknown union
+
+```py
+from nonexistent import f  # error: [unresolved-import] "Cannot resolve import `nonexistent`"
+
+def coinflip() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+if coinflip():
+    def f() -> int:
+        return 1
+
+reveal_type(f())  # revealed: Unknown | int
+```
+
+## Non-callable elements in a union
+
+Calling a union with a non-callable element should emit a diagnostic.
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    if flag:
+        f = 1
+    else:
+        def f() -> int:
+            return 1
+    x = f()  # error: "Object of type `Literal[1] | Literal[f]` is not callable (due to union element `Literal[1]`)"
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown | int
+```
+
+## Multiple non-callable elements in a union
+
+Calling a union with multiple non-callable elements should mention all of them in the diagnostic.
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool, flag2: bool):
+    if flag:
+        f = 1
+    elif flag2:
+        f = "foo"
+    else:
+        def f() -> int:
+            return 1
+    # error: "Object of type `Literal[1] | Literal["foo"] | Literal[f]` is not callable (due to union elements Literal[1], Literal["foo"])"
+    # revealed: Unknown | int
+    reveal_type(f())
+```
+
+## All non-callable union elements
+
+Calling a union with no callable elements can emit a simpler diagnostic.
+
+```py
+def _(flag: bool):
+    if flag:
+        f = 1
+    else:
+        f = "foo"
+
+    x = f()  # error: "Object of type `Literal[1] | Literal["foo"]` is not callable"
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/instances/membership_test.md

@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ class A:
 
 reveal_type("hello" in A())  # revealed: bool
 reveal_type("hello" not in A())  # revealed: bool
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `int` and `A`, in comparing `Literal[42]` with `A`"
+# TODO: should emit diagnostic, need to check arg type, will fail
 reveal_type(42 in A())  # revealed: bool
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `not in` is not supported for types `int` and `A`, in comparing `Literal[42]` with `A`"
 reveal_type(42 not in A())  # revealed: bool
 ```
 
@@ -127,9 +126,9 @@ class A:
 
 reveal_type(CheckContains() in A())  # revealed: bool
 
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `CheckIter` and `A`"
+# TODO: should emit diagnostic, need to check arg type,
+# should not fall back to __iter__ or __getitem__
 reveal_type(CheckIter() in A())  # revealed: bool
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `CheckGetItem` and `A`"
 reveal_type(CheckGetItem() in A())  # revealed: bool
 
 class B:
@@ -155,50 +154,7 @@ class A:
     def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
         return "foo"
 
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `int` and `A`, in comparing `Literal[42]` with `A`"
+# TODO should emit a diagnostic
 reveal_type(42 in A())  # revealed: bool
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `str` and `A`, in comparing `Literal["hello"]` with `A`"
 reveal_type("hello" in A())  # revealed: bool
 ```
-
-## Return type that doesn't implement `__bool__` correctly
-
-`in` and `not in` operations will fail at runtime if the object on the right-hand side of the
-operation has a `__contains__` method that returns a type which is not convertible to `bool`. This
-is because of the way these operations are handled by the Python interpreter at runtime. If we
-assume that `y` is an object that has a `__contains__` method, the Python expression `x in y`
-desugars to a `contains(y, x)` call, where `contains` looks something like this:
-
-```ignore
-def contains(y, x):
-    return bool(type(y).__contains__(y, x))
-```
-
-where the `bool()` conversion itself implicitly calls `__bool__` under the hood.
-
-TODO: Ideally the message would explain to the user what's wrong. E.g,
-
-```ignore
-error: [operator] cannot use `in` operator on object of type `WithContains`
-    note: This is because the `in` operator implicitly calls `WithContains.__contains__`, but `WithContains.__contains__` is invalidly defined
-    note: `WithContains.__contains__` is invalidly defined because it returns an instance of `NotBoolable`, which cannot be evaluated in a boolean context
-    note: `NotBoolable` cannot be evaluated in a boolean context because its `__bool__` attribute is not callable
-```
-
-It may also be more appropriate to use `unsupported-operator` as the error code.
-
-<!-- snapshot-diagnostics -->
-
-```py
-class NotBoolable:
-    __bool__: int = 3
-
-class WithContains:
-    def __contains__(self, item) -> NotBoolable:
-        return NotBoolable()
-
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion]
-10 in WithContains()
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion]
-10 not in WithContains()
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/instances/rich_comparison.md

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# Comparison: Rich Comparison
+
+Rich comparison operations (`==`, `!=`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) in Python are implemented through
+double-underscore methods that allow customization of comparison behavior.
+
+For references, see:
+
+- <https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__lt__>
+- <https://snarky.ca/unravelling-rich-comparison-operators/>
+
+## Rich Comparison Dunder Implementations For Same Class
+
+Classes can support rich comparison by implementing dunder methods like `__eq__`, `__ne__`, etc. The
+most common case involves implementing these methods for the same type:
+
+```py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+class A:
+    def __eq__(self, other: A) -> int:
+        return 42
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: A) -> float:
+        return 42.0
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: A) -> str:
+        return "42"
+
+    def __le__(self, other: A) -> bytes:
+        return b"42"
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: A) -> list:
+        return [42]
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: A) -> set:
+        return {42}
+
+reveal_type(A() == A())  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(A() != A())  # revealed: float
+reveal_type(A() < A())  # revealed: str
+reveal_type(A() <= A())  # revealed: bytes
+reveal_type(A() > A())  # revealed: list
+reveal_type(A() >= A())  # revealed: set
+```
+
+## Rich Comparison Dunder Implementations for Other Class
+
+In some cases, classes may implement rich comparison dunder methods for comparisons with a different
+type:
+
+```py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+class A:
+    def __eq__(self, other: B) -> int:
+        return 42
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: B) -> float:
+        return 42.0
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: B) -> str:
+        return "42"
+
+    def __le__(self, other: B) -> bytes:
+        return b"42"
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: B) -> list:
+        return [42]
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: B) -> set:
+        return {42}
+
+class B: ...
+
+reveal_type(A() == B())  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(A() != B())  # revealed: float
+reveal_type(A() < B())  # revealed: str
+reveal_type(A() <= B())  # revealed: bytes
+reveal_type(A() > B())  # revealed: list
+reveal_type(A() >= B())  # revealed: set
+```
+
+## Reflected Comparisons
+
+Fallback to the right-hand side’s comparison methods occurs when the left-hand side does not define
+them. Note: class `B` has its own `__eq__` and `__ne__` methods to override those of `object`, but
+these methods will be ignored here because they require a mismatched operand type.
+
+```py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+class A:
+    def __eq__(self, other: B) -> int:
+        return 42
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: B) -> float:
+        return 42.0
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: B) -> str:
+        return "42"
+
+    def __le__(self, other: B) -> bytes:
+        return b"42"
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: B) -> list:
+        return [42]
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: B) -> set:
+        return {42}
+
+class B:
+    # To override builtins.object.__eq__ and builtins.object.__ne__
+    # TODO these should emit an invalid override diagnostic
+    def __eq__(self, other: str) -> B:
+        return B()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: str) -> B:
+        return B()
+
+# TODO: should be `int` and `float`.
+# Need to check arg type and fall back to `rhs.__eq__` and `rhs.__ne__`.
+#
+# Because `object.__eq__` and `object.__ne__` accept `object` in typeshed,
+# this can only happen with an invalid override of these methods,
+# but we still support it.
+reveal_type(B() == A())  # revealed: B
+reveal_type(B() != A())  # revealed: B
+
+reveal_type(B() < A())  # revealed: list
+reveal_type(B() <= A())  # revealed: set
+
+reveal_type(B() > A())  # revealed: str
+reveal_type(B() >= A())  # revealed: bytes
+
+class C:
+    def __gt__(self, other: C) -> int:
+        return 42
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: C) -> float:
+        return 42.0
+
+reveal_type(C() < C())  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(C() <= C())  # revealed: float
+```
+
+## Reflected Comparisons with Subclasses
+
+When subclasses override comparison methods, these overridden methods take precedence over those in
+the parent class. Class `B` inherits from `A` and redefines comparison methods to return types other
+than `A`.
+
+```py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+class A:
+    def __eq__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __le__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+class B(A):
+    def __eq__(self, other: A) -> int:
+        return 42
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: A) -> float:
+        return 42.0
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: A) -> str:
+        return "42"
+
+    def __le__(self, other: A) -> bytes:
+        return b"42"
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: A) -> list:
+        return [42]
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: A) -> set:
+        return {42}
+
+reveal_type(A() == B())  # revealed: int
+reveal_type(A() != B())  # revealed: float
+
+reveal_type(A() < B())  # revealed: list
+reveal_type(A() <= B())  # revealed: set
+
+reveal_type(A() > B())  # revealed: str
+reveal_type(A() >= B())  # revealed: bytes
+```
+
+## Reflected Comparisons with Subclass But Falls Back to LHS
+
+In the case of a subclass, the right-hand side has priority. However, if the overridden dunder
+method has an mismatched type to operand, the comparison will fall back to the left-hand side.
+
+```py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+class A:
+    def __lt__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: A) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+class B(A):
+    def __lt__(self, other: int) -> B:
+        return B()
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: int) -> B:
+        return B()
+
+# TODO: should be `A`, need to check argument type and fall back to LHS method
+reveal_type(A() < B())  # revealed: B
+reveal_type(A() > B())  # revealed: B
+```
+
+## Operations involving instances of classes inheriting from `Any`
+
+`Any` and `Unknown` represent a set of possible runtime objects, wherein the bounds of the set are
+unknown. Whether the left-hand operand's dunder or the right-hand operand's reflected dunder depends
+on whether the right-hand operand is an instance of a class that is a subclass of the left-hand
+operand's class and overrides the reflected dunder. In the following example, because of the
+unknowable nature of `Any`/`Unknown`, we must consider both possibilities: `Any`/`Unknown` might
+resolve to an unknown third class that inherits from `X` and overrides `__gt__`; but it also might
+not. Thus, the correct answer here for the `reveal_type` is `int | Unknown`.
+
+(This test is referenced from `mdtest/binary/instances.md`)
+
+```py
+from does_not_exist import Foo  # error: [unresolved-import]
+
+reveal_type(Foo)  # revealed: Unknown
+
+class X:
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> int:
+        return 42
+
+class Y(Foo): ...
+
+# TODO: Should be `int | Unknown`; see above discussion.
+reveal_type(X() < Y())  # revealed: int
+```
+
+## Equality and Inequality Fallback
+
+This test confirms that `==` and `!=` comparisons default to identity comparisons (`is`, `is not`)
+when argument types do not match the method signature.
+
+Please refer to the [docs](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__eq__)
+
+```py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+class A:
+    # TODO both these overrides should emit invalid-override diagnostic
+    def __eq__(self, other: int) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: int) -> A:
+        return A()
+
+# TODO: it should be `bool`, need to check arg type and fall back to `is` and `is not`
+reveal_type(A() == A())  # revealed: A
+reveal_type(A() != A())  # revealed: A
+```
+
+## Object Comparisons with Typeshed
+
+```py
+class A: ...
+
+reveal_type(A() == object())  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(A() != object())  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(object() == A())  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(object() != A())  # revealed: bool
+
+# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<` is not supported for types `A` and `object`"
+# revealed: Unknown
+reveal_type(A() < object())
+```
+
+## Numbers Comparison with typeshed
+
+```py
+reveal_type(1 == 1.0)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 != 1.0)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 < 1.0)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 <= 1.0)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 > 1.0)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 >= 1.0)  # revealed: bool
+
+reveal_type(1 == 2j)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 != 2j)  # revealed: bool
+
+# TODO: should be Unknown and emit diagnostic,
+# need to check arg type and should be failed
+reveal_type(1 < 2j)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 <= 2j)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 > 2j)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(1 >= 2j)  # revealed: bool
+
+def f(x: bool, y: int):
+    reveal_type(x < y)  # revealed: bool
+    reveal_type(y < x)  # revealed: bool
+    reveal_type(4.2 < x)  # revealed: bool
+    reveal_type(x < 4.2)  # revealed: bool
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/integers.md

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ reveal_type(1 is 1)  # revealed: bool
 reveal_type(1 is not 1)  # revealed: bool
 reveal_type(1 is 2)  # revealed: Literal[False]
 reveal_type(1 is not 7)  # revealed: Literal[True]
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<=` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `Literal[1]` with `Literal[""]`"
-reveal_type(1 <= "" and 0 < 1)  # revealed: (Unknown & ~AlwaysTruthy) | Literal[True]
+# TODO: should be Unknown, and emit diagnostic, once we check call argument types
+reveal_type(1 <= "" and 0 < 1)  # revealed: bool
 ```
 
 ## Integer instance

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/intersections.md

@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ If we have an intersection type `A & B` and we get a definitive true/false answe
 types, we can infer that the result for the intersection type is also true/false:
 
 ```py
-from typing import Literal
-
-class Base:
-    def __gt__(self, other) -> bool:
-        return False
+class Base: ...
 
 class Child1(Base):
     def __eq__(self, other) -> Literal[True]:
@@ -50,17 +46,13 @@ reveal_type(x)  # revealed: LiteralString
 if x != "abc":
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: LiteralString & ~Literal["abc"]
 
-    # TODO: This should be `Literal[False]`
-    reveal_type(x == "abc")  # revealed: bool
-    # TODO: This should be `Literal[False]`
-    reveal_type("abc" == x)  # revealed: bool
+    reveal_type(x == "abc")  # revealed: Literal[False]
+    reveal_type("abc" == x)  # revealed: Literal[False]
     reveal_type(x == "something else")  # revealed: bool
     reveal_type("something else" == x)  # revealed: bool
 
-    # TODO: This should be `Literal[True]`
-    reveal_type(x != "abc")  # revealed: bool
-    # TODO: This should be `Literal[True]`
-    reveal_type("abc" != x)  # revealed: bool
+    reveal_type(x != "abc")  # revealed: Literal[True]
+    reveal_type("abc" != x)  # revealed: Literal[True]
     reveal_type(x != "something else")  # revealed: bool
     reveal_type("something else" != x)  # revealed: bool
 
@@ -83,10 +75,10 @@ def _(x: int):
     if x != 1:
         reveal_type(x)  # revealed: int & ~Literal[1]
 
-        reveal_type(x != 1)  # revealed: bool
+        reveal_type(x != 1)  # revealed: Literal[True]
         reveal_type(x != 2)  # revealed: bool
 
-        reveal_type(x == 1)  # revealed: bool
+        reveal_type(x == 1)  # revealed: Literal[False]
         reveal_type(x == 2)  # revealed: bool
 ```
 
@@ -100,7 +92,8 @@ def _(o: object):
     n = None
 
     if o is not None:
-        reveal_type(o)  # revealed:  ~None
+        reveal_type(o)  # revealed: object & ~None
+
         reveal_type(o is n)  # revealed: Literal[False]
         reveal_type(o is not n)  # revealed: Literal[True]
 ```
@@ -109,50 +102,22 @@ def _(o: object):
 
 ### Unsupported operators for positive contributions
 
-Raise an error if the given operator is unsupported for all positive contributions to the
-intersection type:
-
-```py
-class NonContainer1: ...
-class NonContainer2: ...
-
-def _(x: object):
-    if isinstance(x, NonContainer1):
-        if isinstance(x, NonContainer2):
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: NonContainer1 & NonContainer2
-
-            # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `int` and `NonContainer1`"
-            reveal_type(2 in x)  # revealed: bool
-```
-
-Do not raise an error if at least one of the positive contributions to the intersection type support
-the operator:
+Raise an error if any of the positive contributions to the intersection type are unsupported for the
+given operator:
 
 ```py
 class Container:
-    def __contains__(self, x) -> bool:
-        return False
+    def __contains__(self, x) -> bool: ...
+
+class NonContainer: ...
 
 def _(x: object):
-    if isinstance(x, NonContainer1):
-        if isinstance(x, Container):
-            if isinstance(x, NonContainer2):
-                reveal_type(x)  # revealed: NonContainer1 & Container & NonContainer2
-                reveal_type(2 in x)  # revealed: bool
-```
+    if isinstance(x, Container):
+        if isinstance(x, NonContainer):
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Container & NonContainer
 
-Do also raise an error if the intersection has no positive contributions at all, unless the operator
-is supported on `object`:
-
-```py
-def _(x: object):
-    if not isinstance(x, NonContainer1):
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: ~NonContainer1
-
-        # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `int` and `object`, in comparing `Literal[2]` with `~NonContainer1`"
-        reveal_type(2 in x)  # revealed: bool
-
-        reveal_type(2 is x)  # revealed: bool
+            # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `in` is not supported for types `int` and `NonContainer`"
+            reveal_type(2 in x)  # revealed: bool
 ```
 
 ### Unsupported operators for negative contributions
@@ -162,8 +127,7 @@ unsupported for the given operator:
 
 ```py
 class Container:
-    def __contains__(self, x) -> bool:
-        return False
+    def __contains__(self, x) -> bool: ...
 
 class NonContainer: ...
 

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/non_bool_returns.md

@@ -22,22 +22,16 @@ Walking through examples:
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 class A:
-    def __lt__(self, other) -> A:
-        return self
-
-    def __gt__(self, other) -> bool:
-        return False
+    def __lt__(self, other) -> A: ...
 
 class B:
-    def __lt__(self, other) -> B:
-        return self
+    def __lt__(self, other) -> B: ...
 
 class C:
-    def __lt__(self, other) -> C:
-        return self
+    def __lt__(self, other) -> C: ...
 
 x = A() < B() < C()
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: (A & ~AlwaysTruthy) | B
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A & ~AlwaysTruthy | B
 
 y = 0 < 1 < A() < 3
 reveal_type(y)  # revealed: Literal[False] | A

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/tuples.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ reveal_type(a >= b)  # revealed: Literal[False]
 
 Even when tuples have different lengths, comparisons should be handled appropriately.
 
-```py
+```py path=different_length.py
 a = (1, 2, 3)
 b = (1, 2, 3, 4)
 
@@ -92,20 +92,17 @@ reveal_type(a == b)  # revealed: bool
 # TODO: should be Literal[True], once we implement (in)equality for mismatched literals
 reveal_type(a != b)  # revealed: bool
 
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]` with `tuple[Literal[1], Literal["hello"]]`"
-reveal_type(a < b)  # revealed: Unknown
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<=` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]` with `tuple[Literal[1], Literal["hello"]]`"
-reveal_type(a <= b)  # revealed: Unknown
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `>` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]` with `tuple[Literal[1], Literal["hello"]]`"
-reveal_type(a > b)  # revealed: Unknown
-# error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `>=` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]` with `tuple[Literal[1], Literal["hello"]]`"
-reveal_type(a >= b)  # revealed: Unknown
+# TODO: should be Unknown and add more informative diagnostics
+reveal_type(a < b)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(a <= b)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(a > b)  # revealed: bool
+reveal_type(a >= b)  # revealed: bool
 ```
 
 However, if the lexicographic comparison completes without reaching a point where str and int are
 compared, Python will still produce a result based on the prior elements.
 
-```py
+```py path=short_circuit.py
 a = (1, 2)
 b = (999999, "hello")
 
@@ -147,40 +144,33 @@ of the dunder methods.)
 ```py
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-class EqReturnType: ...
-class NeReturnType: ...
-class LtReturnType: ...
-class LeReturnType: ...
-class GtReturnType: ...
-class GeReturnType: ...
-
 class A:
-    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> EqReturnType:
-        return EqReturnType()
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> str:
+        return "hello"
 
-    def __ne__(self, o: object) -> NeReturnType:
-        return NeReturnType()
+    def __ne__(self, o: object) -> bytes:
+        return b"world"
 
-    def __lt__(self, o: A) -> LtReturnType:
-        return LtReturnType()
+    def __lt__(self, o: A) -> float:
+        return 3.14
 
-    def __le__(self, o: A) -> LeReturnType:
-        return LeReturnType()
+    def __le__(self, o: A) -> complex:
+        return complex(0.5, -0.5)
 
-    def __gt__(self, o: A) -> GtReturnType:
-        return GtReturnType()
+    def __gt__(self, o: A) -> tuple:
+        return (1, 2, 3)
 
-    def __ge__(self, o: A) -> GeReturnType:
-        return GeReturnType()
+    def __ge__(self, o: A) -> list:
+        return [1, 2, 3]
 
 a = (A(), A())
 
 reveal_type(a == a)  # revealed: bool
 reveal_type(a != a)  # revealed: bool
-reveal_type(a < a)  # revealed: LtReturnType | Literal[False]
-reveal_type(a <= a)  # revealed: LeReturnType | Literal[True]
-reveal_type(a > a)  # revealed: GtReturnType | Literal[False]
-reveal_type(a >= a)  # revealed: GeReturnType | Literal[True]
+reveal_type(a < a)  # revealed: float | Literal[False]
+reveal_type(a <= a)  # revealed: complex | Literal[True]
+reveal_type(a > a)  # revealed: tuple | Literal[False]
+reveal_type(a >= a)  # revealed: list | Literal[True]
 
 # If lexicographic comparison is finished before comparing A()
 b = ("1_foo", A())
@@ -193,13 +183,11 @@ reveal_type(b <= c)  # revealed: Literal[True]
 reveal_type(b > c)  # revealed: Literal[False]
 reveal_type(b >= c)  # revealed: Literal[False]
 
-class LtReturnTypeOnB: ...
-
 class B:
-    def __lt__(self, o: B) -> LtReturnTypeOnB:
-        return LtReturnTypeOnB()
+    def __lt__(self, o: B) -> set:
+        return set()
 
-reveal_type((A(), B()) < (A(), B()))  # revealed: LtReturnType | LtReturnTypeOnB | Literal[False]
+reveal_type((A(), B()) < (A(), B()))  # revealed: float | set | Literal[False]
 ```
 
 #### Special Handling of Eq and NotEq in Lexicographic Comparisons
@@ -334,61 +322,3 @@ reveal_type(a is not c)  # revealed: Literal[True]
 For tuples like `tuple[int, ...]`, `tuple[Any, ...]`
 
 // TODO
-
-## Chained comparisons with elements that incorrectly implement `__bool__`
-
-<!-- snapshot-diagnostics -->
-
-For an operation `A() < A()` to succeed at runtime, the `A.__lt__` method does not necessarily need
-to return an object that is convertible to a `bool`. However, the return type _does_ need to be
-convertible to a `bool` for the operation `A() < A() < A()` (a _chained_ comparison) to succeed.
-This is because `A() < A() < A()` desugars to something like this, which involves several implicit
-conversions to `bool`:
-
-```ignore
-def compute_chained_comparison():
-  a1 = A()
-  a2 = A()
-  first_comparison = a1 < a2
-  return first_comparison and (a2 < A())
-```
-
-```py
-class NotBoolable:
-    __bool__: int = 5
-
-class Comparable:
-    def __lt__(self, other) -> NotBoolable:
-        return NotBoolable()
-
-    def __gt__(self, other) -> NotBoolable:
-        return NotBoolable()
-
-a = (1, Comparable())
-b = (1, Comparable())
-
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion]
-a < b < b
-
-a < b  # fine
-```
-
-## Equality with elements that incorrectly implement `__bool__`
-
-<!-- snapshot-diagnostics -->
-
-Python does not generally attempt to coerce the result of `==` and `!=` operations between two
-arbitrary objects to a `bool`, but a comparison of tuples will fail if the result of comparing any
-pair of elements at equivalent positions cannot be converted to a `bool`:
-
-```py
-class NotBoolable:
-    __bool__: None = None
-
-class A:
-    def __eq__(self, other) -> NotBoolable:
-        return NotBoolable()
-
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion]
-(A(),) == (A(),)
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/comparison/unsupported.md

@@ -9,22 +9,28 @@ def _(flag: bool, flag1: bool, flag2: bool):
     b = 0 not in 10  # error: "Operator `not in` is not supported for types `Literal[0]` and `Literal[10]`"
     reveal_type(b)  # revealed: bool
 
-    # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<` is not supported for types `object` and `int`, in comparing `object` with `Literal[5]`"
+    # TODO: should error, once operand type check is implemented
+    # ("Operator `<` is not supported for types `object` and `int`")
     c = object() < 5
-    reveal_type(c)  # revealed: Unknown
+    # TODO: should be Unknown, once operand type check is implemented
+    reveal_type(c)  # revealed: bool
 
-    # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<` is not supported for types `int` and `object`, in comparing `Literal[5]` with `object`"
+    # TODO: should error, once operand type check is implemented
+    # ("Operator `<` is not supported for types `int` and `object`")
     d = 5 < object()
-    reveal_type(d)  # revealed: Unknown
+    # TODO: should be Unknown, once operand type check is implemented
+    reveal_type(d)  # revealed: bool
 
     int_literal_or_str_literal = 1 if flag else "foo"
-    # error: "Operator `in` is not supported for types `Literal[42]` and `Literal[1]`, in comparing `Literal[42]` with `Literal[1, "foo"]`"
+    # error: "Operator `in` is not supported for types `Literal[42]` and `Literal[1]`, in comparing `Literal[42]` with `Literal[1] | Literal["foo"]`"
     e = 42 in int_literal_or_str_literal
     reveal_type(e)  # revealed: bool
 
-    # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]` with `tuple[Literal[1], Literal["hello"]]`"
+    # TODO: should error, need to check if __lt__ signature is valid for right operand
+    # error may be "Operator `<` is not supported for types `int` and `str`, in comparing `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]` with `tuple[Literal[1], Literal["hello"]]`
     f = (1, 2) < (1, "hello")
-    reveal_type(f)  # revealed: Unknown
+    # TODO: should be Unknown, once operand type check is implemented
+    reveal_type(f)  # revealed: bool
 
     # error: [unsupported-operator] "Operator `<` is not supported for types `A` and `A`, in comparing `tuple[bool, A]` with `tuple[bool, A]`"
     g = (flag1, A()) < (flag2, A())

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/conditional/if_expression.md

@@ -35,13 +35,3 @@ def _(flag: bool):
     x = 1 if flag else None
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | None
 ```
-
-## Condition with object that implements `__bool__` incorrectly
-
-```py
-class NotBoolable:
-    __bool__: int = 3
-
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion] "Boolean conversion is unsupported for type `NotBoolable`"
-3 if NotBoolable() else 4
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/conditional/if_statement.md

@@ -115,49 +115,3 @@ def _(flag: bool, flag2: bool):
 
     reveal_type(y)  # revealed: Literal[2, 3, 4]
 ```
-
-## if-elif with assignment expressions in tests
-
-```py
-def check(x: int) -> bool:
-    return bool(x)
-
-if check(x := 1):
-    x = 2
-elif check(x := 3):
-    x = 4
-
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[2, 3, 4]
-```
-
-## constraints apply to later test expressions
-
-```py
-def check(x) -> bool:
-    return bool(x)
-
-def _(flag: bool):
-    x = 1 if flag else None
-    y = 0
-
-    if x is None:
-        pass
-    elif check(y := x):
-        pass
-
-    reveal_type(y)  # revealed: Literal[0, 1]
-```
-
-## Condition with object that implements `__bool__` incorrectly
-
-```py
-class NotBoolable:
-    __bool__: int = 3
-
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion] "Boolean conversion is unsupported for type `NotBoolable`"
-if NotBoolable():
-    ...
-# error: [unsupported-bool-conversion] "Boolean conversion is unsupported for type `NotBoolable`"
-elif NotBoolable():
-    ...
-```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/conditional/match.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Pattern matching
+
+## With wildcard
+
+```py
+def _(target: int):
+    match target:
+        case 1:
+            y = 2
+        case _:
+            y = 3
+
+    reveal_type(y)  # revealed: Literal[2, 3]
+```
+
+## Without wildcard
+
+```py
+def _(target: int):
+    match target:
+        case 1:
+            y = 2
+        case 2:
+            y = 3
+
+    # revealed: Literal[2, 3]
+    # error: [possibly-unresolved-reference]
+    reveal_type(y)
+```
+
+## Basic match
+
+```py
+def _(target: int):
+    y = 1
+    y = 2
+
+    match target:
+        case 1:
+            y = 3
+        case 2:
+            y = 4
+
+    reveal_type(y)  # revealed: Literal[2, 3, 4]
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/exception/basic.md

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ def foo(
     x: type[AttributeError],
     y: tuple[type[OSError], type[RuntimeError]],
     z: tuple[type[BaseException], ...],
-    zz: tuple[type[TypeError | RuntimeError], ...],
-    zzz: type[BaseException] | tuple[type[BaseException], ...],
 ):
     try:
         help()
@@ -55,63 +53,8 @@ def foo(
     except y as f:
         reveal_type(f)  # revealed: OSError | RuntimeError
     except z as g:
-        reveal_type(g)  # revealed: BaseException
-    except zz as h:
-        reveal_type(h)  # revealed: TypeError | RuntimeError
-    except zzz as i:
-        reveal_type(i)  # revealed: BaseException
-```
-
-We do not emit an `invalid-exception-caught` if a class is caught that has `Any` or `Unknown` in its
-MRO, as the dynamic element in the MRO could materialize to some subclass of `BaseException`:
-
-```py
-from compat import BASE_EXCEPTION_CLASS  # error: [unresolved-import] "Cannot resolve imported module `compat`"
-
-class Error(BASE_EXCEPTION_CLASS): ...
-
-try:
-    ...
-except Error as err:
-    ...
-```
-
-## Exception with no captured type
-
-```py
-try:
-    {}.get("foo")
-except TypeError:
-    pass
-```
-
-## Exception which catches typevar
-
-```toml
-[environment]
-python-version = "3.12"
-```
-
-```py
-from typing import Callable
-
-def silence[T: type[BaseException]](
-    func: Callable[[], None],
-    exception_type: T,
-):
-    try:
-        func()
-    except exception_type as e:
-        reveal_type(e)  # revealed: T'instance
-
-def silence2[T: (
-    type[ValueError],
-    type[TypeError],
-)](func: Callable[[], None], exception_type: T,):
-    try:
-        func()
-    except exception_type as e:
-        reveal_type(e)  # revealed: T'instance
+        # TODO: should be `BaseException`
+        reveal_type(g)  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
 ```
 
 ## Invalid exception handlers
@@ -143,15 +86,9 @@ def foo(
     # error: [invalid-exception-caught]
     except y as f:
         reveal_type(f)  # revealed: OSError | RuntimeError | Unknown
-    # error: [invalid-exception-caught]
     except z as g:
-        reveal_type(g)  # revealed: Unknown
-
-try:
-    {}.get("foo")
-# error: [invalid-exception-caught]
-except int:
-    pass
+        # TODO: should emit a diagnostic here:
+        reveal_type(g)  # revealed: @Todo(full tuple[...] support)
 ```
 
 ## Object raised is not an exception
@@ -187,49 +124,42 @@ def _(e: Exception | type[Exception] | None):
 ## Exception cause is not an exception
 
 ```py
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise EOFError() from GeneratorExit  # fine
-    except:
-        ...
+try:
+    raise EOFError() from GeneratorExit  # fine
+except:
+    ...
 
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise StopIteration from MemoryError()  # fine
-    except:
-        ...
+try:
+    raise StopIteration from MemoryError()  # fine
+except:
+    ...
 
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise BufferError() from None  # fine
-    except:
-        ...
+try:
+    raise BufferError() from None  # fine
+except:
+    ...
 
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise ZeroDivisionError from False  # error: [invalid-raise]
-    except:
-        ...
+try:
+    raise ZeroDivisionError from False  # error: [invalid-raise]
+except:
+    ...
 
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise SystemExit from bool()  # error: [invalid-raise]
-    except:
-        ...
+try:
+    raise SystemExit from bool()  # error: [invalid-raise]
+except:
+    ...
 
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise
-    except KeyboardInterrupt as e:  # fine
-        reveal_type(e)  # revealed: KeyboardInterrupt
-        raise LookupError from e  # fine
+try:
+    raise
+except KeyboardInterrupt as e:  # fine
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: KeyboardInterrupt
+    raise LookupError from e  # fine
 
-def _():
-    try:
-        raise
-    except int as e:  # error: [invalid-exception-caught]
-        reveal_type(e)  # revealed: Unknown
-        raise KeyError from e
+try:
+    raise
+except int as e:  # error: [invalid-exception-caught]
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: Unknown
+    raise KeyError from e
 
 def _(e: Exception | type[Exception]):
     raise ModuleNotFoundError from e  # fine

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/exception/control_flow.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ completing. The type of `x` at the beginning of the `except` suite in this examp
 `x = could_raise_returns_str()` redefinition, but we *also* could have jumped to the `except` suite
 *after* that redefinition.
 
-```py
+```py path=union_type_inferred.py
 def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
     return "foo"
 
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | Literal[2]
 If `x` has the same type at the end of both branches, however, the branches unify and `x` is not
 inferred as having a union type following the `try`/`except` block:
 
-```py
+```py path=branches_unify_to_non_union_type.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
+
 x = 1
 
 try:
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ the `except` suite:
 - At the end of `else`, `x == 3`
 - At the end of `except`, `x == 2`
 
-```py
+```py path=single_except.py
 def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
     return "foo"
 
@@ -158,6 +161,9 @@ been executed in its entirety, or the `try` suite and the `else` suite must both
 in their entireties:
 
 ```py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
+
 x = 1
 
 try:
@@ -186,7 +192,7 @@ A `finally` suite is *always* executed. As such, if we reach the `reveal_type` c
 this example, we know that `x` *must* have been reassigned to `2` during the `finally` suite. The
 type of `x` at the end of the example is therefore `Literal[2]`:
 
-```py
+```py path=redef_in_finally.py
 def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
     return "foo"
 
@@ -211,7 +217,10 @@ at this point than there were when we were inside the `finally` block.
 (Our current model does *not* correctly infer the types *inside* `finally` suites, however; this is
 still a TODO item for us.)
 
-```py
+```py path=no_redef_in_finally.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
+
 x = 1
 
 try:
@@ -240,35 +249,31 @@ suites:
     exception raised in the `except` suite to cause us to jump to the `finally` suite before the
     `except` suite ran to completion
 
-```py
-class A: ...
-class B: ...
-class C: ...
+```py path=redef_in_finally.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_A() -> A:
-    return A()
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_B() -> B:
-    return B()
-
-def could_raise_returns_C() -> C:
-    return C()
+def could_raise_returns_bool() -> bool:
+    return True
 
 x = 1
 
 try:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
-    x = could_raise_returns_A()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
+    x = could_raise_returns_str()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 except TypeError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_B()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
-    x = could_raise_returns_C()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
+    x = could_raise_returns_bool()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | A | B | C`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A | C
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | str | bytes | bool`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | bool
     x = 2
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[2]
 
@@ -281,61 +286,76 @@ itself. (In some control-flow possibilities, some exceptions were merely *suspen
 `finally` suite; these lead to the scope's termination following the conclusion of the `finally`
 suite.)
 
-```py
+```py path=no_redef_in_finally.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
+
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
+
+def could_raise_returns_bool() -> bool:
+    return True
+
 x = 1
 
 try:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
-    x = could_raise_returns_A()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
+    x = could_raise_returns_str()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 except TypeError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_B()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
-    x = could_raise_returns_C()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
+    x = could_raise_returns_bool()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | A | B | C`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A | C
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | str | bytes | bool`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | bool
 
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A | C
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | bool
 ```
 
 An example with multiple `except` branches and a `finally` branch:
 
-```py
-class D: ...
-class E: ...
+```py path=multiple_except_branches.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_D() -> D:
-    return D()
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_E() -> E:
-    return E()
+def could_raise_returns_bool() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+def could_raise_returns_memoryview() -> memoryview:
+    return memoryview(b"")
+
+def could_raise_returns_float() -> float:
+    return 3.14
 
 x = 1
 
 try:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
-    x = could_raise_returns_A()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
+    x = could_raise_returns_str()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 except TypeError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_B()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
-    x = could_raise_returns_C()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
+    x = could_raise_returns_bool()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool
 except ValueError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_D()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: D
-    x = could_raise_returns_E()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: E
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_memoryview()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: memoryview
+    x = could_raise_returns_float()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | A | B | C | D | E`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A | C | E
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | str | bytes | bool | memoryview | float`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | bool | float
 
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A | C | E
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | bool | float
 ```
 
 ## Combining `except`, `else` and `finally` branches
@@ -344,94 +364,100 @@ If the exception handler has an `else` branch, we must also take into account th
 control flow could have jumped to the `finally` suite from partway through the `else` suite due to
 an exception raised *there*.
 
-```py
-class A: ...
-class B: ...
-class C: ...
-class D: ...
-class E: ...
+```py path=single_except_branch.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_A() -> A:
-    return A()
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_B() -> B:
-    return B()
+def could_raise_returns_bool() -> bool:
+    return True
 
-def could_raise_returns_C() -> C:
-    return C()
+def could_raise_returns_memoryview() -> memoryview:
+    return memoryview(b"")
 
-def could_raise_returns_D() -> D:
-    return D()
-
-def could_raise_returns_E() -> E:
-    return E()
+def could_raise_returns_float() -> float:
+    return 3.14
 
 x = 1
 
 try:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
-    x = could_raise_returns_A()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
+    x = could_raise_returns_str()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 except TypeError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_B()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
-    x = could_raise_returns_C()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
+    x = could_raise_returns_bool()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool
 else:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
-    x = could_raise_returns_D()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: D
-    x = could_raise_returns_E()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: E
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
+    x = could_raise_returns_memoryview()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: memoryview
+    x = could_raise_returns_float()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | A | B | C | D | E`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C | E
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | str | bytes | bool | memoryview | float`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool | float
 
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C | E
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool | float
 ```
 
 The same again, this time with multiple `except` branches:
 
-```py
-class F: ...
-class G: ...
+```py path=multiple_except_branches.py
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_F() -> F:
-    return F()
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_G() -> G:
-    return G()
+def could_raise_returns_bool() -> bool:
+    return True
+
+def could_raise_returns_memoryview() -> memoryview:
+    return memoryview(b"")
+
+def could_raise_returns_float() -> float:
+    return 3.14
+
+def could_raise_returns_range() -> range:
+    return range(42)
+
+def could_raise_returns_slice() -> slice:
+    return slice(None)
 
 x = 1
 
 try:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
-    x = could_raise_returns_A()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
+    x = could_raise_returns_str()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
 except TypeError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_B()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
-    x = could_raise_returns_C()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
+    x = could_raise_returns_bool()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool
 except ValueError:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-    x = could_raise_returns_D()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: D
-    x = could_raise_returns_E()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: E
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+    x = could_raise_returns_memoryview()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: memoryview
+    x = could_raise_returns_float()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
 else:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
-    x = could_raise_returns_F()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: F
-    x = could_raise_returns_G()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: G
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
+    x = could_raise_returns_range()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: range
+    x = could_raise_returns_slice()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: slice
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C | E | G
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | str | bytes | bool | memoryview | float | range | slice`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool | float | slice
 
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C | E | G
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool | float | slice
 ```
 
 ## Nested `try`/`except` blocks
@@ -445,101 +471,92 @@ a suite containing statements that could possibly raise exceptions, which would
 jumping out of that suite prior to the suite running to completion.
 
 ```py
-class A: ...
-class B: ...
-class C: ...
-class D: ...
-class E: ...
-class F: ...
-class G: ...
-class H: ...
-class I: ...
-class J: ...
-class K: ...
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_A() -> A:
-    return A()
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_B() -> B:
-    return B()
+def could_raise_returns_bool() -> bool:
+    return True
 
-def could_raise_returns_C() -> C:
-    return C()
+def could_raise_returns_memoryview() -> memoryview:
+    return memoryview(b"")
 
-def could_raise_returns_D() -> D:
-    return D()
+def could_raise_returns_float() -> float:
+    return 3.14
 
-def could_raise_returns_E() -> E:
-    return E()
+def could_raise_returns_range() -> range:
+    return range(42)
 
-def could_raise_returns_F() -> F:
-    return F()
+def could_raise_returns_slice() -> slice:
+    return slice(None)
 
-def could_raise_returns_G() -> G:
-    return G()
+def could_raise_returns_complex() -> complex:
+    return 3j
 
-def could_raise_returns_H() -> H:
-    return H()
+def could_raise_returns_bytearray() -> bytearray:
+    return bytearray()
 
-def could_raise_returns_I() -> I:
-    return I()
+class Foo: ...
+class Bar: ...
 
-def could_raise_returns_J() -> J:
-    return J()
+def could_raise_returns_Foo() -> Foo:
+    return Foo()
 
-def could_raise_returns_K() -> K:
-    return K()
+def could_raise_returns_Bar() -> Bar:
+    return Bar()
 
 x = 1
 
 try:
     try:
         reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1]
-        x = could_raise_returns_A()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
+        x = could_raise_returns_str()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
     except TypeError:
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-        x = could_raise_returns_B()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
-        x = could_raise_returns_C()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+        x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
+        x = could_raise_returns_bool()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool
     except ValueError:
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | A
-        x = could_raise_returns_D()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: D
-        x = could_raise_returns_E()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: E
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | str
+        x = could_raise_returns_memoryview()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: memoryview
+        x = could_raise_returns_float()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
     else:
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
-        x = could_raise_returns_F()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: F
-        x = could_raise_returns_G()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: G
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
+        x = could_raise_returns_range()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: range
+        x = could_raise_returns_slice()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: slice
     finally:
-        # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G`
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C | E | G
+        # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | str | bytes | bool | memoryview | float | range | slice`
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bool | float | slice
         x = 2
         reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[2]
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[2]
 except:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G
-    x = could_raise_returns_H()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: H
-    x = could_raise_returns_I()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: I
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2] | str | bytes | bool | memoryview | float | range | slice
+    x = could_raise_returns_complex()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: complex
+    x = could_raise_returns_bytearray()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytearray
 else:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[2]
-    x = could_raise_returns_J()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: J
-    x = could_raise_returns_K()
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: K
+    x = could_raise_returns_Foo()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Foo
+    x = could_raise_returns_Bar()
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Bar
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1, 2] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: I | K
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1, 2] | str | bytes | bool | memoryview | float | range | slice | complex | bytearray | Foo | Bar`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytearray | Bar
 
 # Either one `except` branch or the `else`
 # must have been taken and completed to get here:
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: I | K
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytearray | Bar
 ```
 
 ## Nested scopes inside `try` blocks
@@ -548,64 +565,58 @@ Shadowing a variable in an inner scope has no effect on type inference of the va
 in the outer scope:
 
 ```py
-class A: ...
-class B: ...
-class C: ...
-class D: ...
-class E: ...
+def could_raise_returns_str() -> str:
+    return "foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_A() -> A:
-    return A()
+def could_raise_returns_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return b"foo"
 
-def could_raise_returns_B() -> B:
-    return B()
+def could_raise_returns_range() -> range:
+    return range(42)
 
-def could_raise_returns_C() -> C:
-    return C()
+def could_raise_returns_bytearray() -> bytearray:
+    return bytearray()
 
-def could_raise_returns_D() -> D:
-    return D()
-
-def could_raise_returns_E() -> E:
-    return E()
+def could_raise_returns_float() -> float:
+    return 3.14
 
 x = 1
 
 try:
 
-    def foo(param=could_raise_returns_A()):
-        x = could_raise_returns_A()
+    def foo(param=could_raise_returns_str()):
+        x = could_raise_returns_str()
 
         try:
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A
-            x = could_raise_returns_B()
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str
+            x = could_raise_returns_bytes()
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes
         except:
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: A | B
-            x = could_raise_returns_C()
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: C
-            x = could_raise_returns_D()
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: D
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: str | bytes
+            x = could_raise_returns_bytearray()
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytearray
+            x = could_raise_returns_float()
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: float
         finally:
-            # TODO: should be `A | B | C | D`
-            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B | D
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: B | D
+            # TODO: should be `str | bytes | bytearray | float`
+            reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes | float
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: bytes | float
     x = foo
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: def foo(param=A) -> Unknown
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[foo]
 except:
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | (def foo(param=A) -> Unknown)
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1] | Literal[foo]
 
     class Bar:
-        x = could_raise_returns_E()
-        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: E
+        x = could_raise_returns_range()
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: range
 
     x = Bar
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: <class 'Bar'>
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[Bar]
 finally:
-    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | <class 'foo'> | <class 'Bar'>`
-    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: (def foo(param=A) -> Unknown) | <class 'Bar'>
+    # TODO: should be `Literal[1] | Literal[foo] | Literal[Bar]`
+    reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[foo] | Literal[Bar]
 
-reveal_type(x)  # revealed: (def foo(param=A) -> Unknown) | <class 'Bar'>
+reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[foo] | Literal[Bar]
 ```
 
 [1]: https://astral-sh.notion.site/Exception-handler-control-flow-11348797e1ca80bb8ce1e9aedbbe439d

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/exception/except_star.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# `except*`
+
+`except*` is only available in Python 3.11 and later:
+
+```toml
+[environment]
+python-version = "3.11"
+```
+
+## `except*` with `BaseException`
+
+```py
+try:
+    help()
+except* BaseException as e:
+    # TODO: should be `BaseExceptionGroup[BaseException]` --Alex
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: BaseExceptionGroup
+```
+
+## `except*` with specific exception
+
+```py
+try:
+    help()
+except* OSError as e:
+    # TODO: more precise would be `ExceptionGroup[OSError]` --Alex
+    # (needs homogenous tuples + generics)
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: BaseExceptionGroup
+```
+
+## `except*` with multiple exceptions
+
+```py
+try:
+    help()
+except* (TypeError, AttributeError) as e:
+    # TODO: more precise would be `ExceptionGroup[TypeError | AttributeError]` --Alex
+    # (needs homogenous tuples + generics)
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: BaseExceptionGroup
+```
+
+## `except*` with mix of `Exception`s and `BaseException`s
+
+```py
+try:
+    help()
+except* (KeyboardInterrupt, AttributeError) as e:
+    # TODO: more precise would be `BaseExceptionGroup[KeyboardInterrupt | AttributeError]` --Alex
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: BaseExceptionGroup
+```
+
+## Invalid `except*` handlers
+
+```py
+try:
+    help()
+except* 3 as e:  # error: [invalid-exception-caught]
+    # TODO: Should be `BaseExceptionGroup[Unknown]` --Alex
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: BaseExceptionGroup
+
+try:
+    help()
+except* (AttributeError, 42) as e:  # error: [invalid-exception-caught]
+    # TODO: Should be `BaseExceptionGroup[AttributeError | Unknown]` --Alex
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: BaseExceptionGroup
+```