Indent expanded binary expressions

## Summary

Fixes #9974

## Test Plan

I added some new test cases.

.config/nextest.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[profile.ci]
+# Print out output for failing tests as soon as they fail, and also at the end
+# of the run (for easy scrollability).
+failure-output = "immediate-final"
+# Do not cancel the test run on the first failure.
+fail-fast = false
+
+status-level = "skip"

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -111,16 +111,23 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
+      - name: "Install mold"
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
+      - name: "Install cargo nextest"
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+        with:
+          tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install cargo insta"
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
           tool: cargo-insta
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
-        run: cargo insta test --all --exclude ruff_dev --all-features --unreferenced reject
-      - name: "Run dev tests"
-        # e.g. generating the schema — these should not run with all features enabled
-        run: cargo insta test -p ruff_dev --unreferenced reject
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          NEXTEST_PROFILE: "ci"
+        run: cargo insta test --all-features --unreferenced reject --test-runner nextest
+
       # Check for broken links in the documentation.
       - run: cargo doc --all --no-deps
         env:
@@ -141,15 +148,16 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
-      - name: "Install cargo insta"
+      - name: "Install cargo nextest"
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
-          tool: cargo-insta
+          tool: cargo-nextest
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: "Run tests"
         shell: bash
-        # We can't reject unreferenced snapshots on windows because flake8_executable can't run on windows
-        run: cargo insta test --all --exclude ruff_dev --all-features
+        run: |
+          cargo nextest run --all-features --profile ci
+          cargo test --all-features --doc
 
   cargo-test-wasm:
     name: "cargo test (wasm)"
@@ -410,7 +418,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       - name: "Add SSH key"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.8.0
+        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.9.0
         with:
           ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY }}
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"

.github/workflows/docs.yaml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       - name: "Add SSH key"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.8.0
+        uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.9.0
         with:
           ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY }}
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
           path: dist
 
   macos-x86_64:
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           target: x86_64
           args: --release --locked --out dist
+      - name: "Test wheel - x86_64"
+        run: |
+          pip install dist/${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.whl --force-reinstall
+          ruff --help
+          python -m ruff --help
       - name: "Upload wheels"
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
             *.sha256
 
   macos-universal:
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,215 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 0.2.1
+
+This release includes support for range formatting (i.e., the ability to format specific lines
+within a source file).
+
+### Preview features
+
+- \[`refurb`\] Implement `missing-f-string-syntax` (`RUF027`) ([#9728](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9728))
+- Format module-level docstrings ([#9725](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9725))
+
+### Formatter
+
+- Add `--range` option to `ruff format` ([#9733](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9733))
+- Don't trim last empty line in docstrings ([#9813](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9813))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Skip empty lines when determining base indentation ([#9795](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9795))
+- Drop `__get__` and `__set__` from `unnecessary-dunder-call` ([#9791](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9791))
+- Respect generic `Protocol` in ellipsis removal ([#9841](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9841))
+- Revert "Use publicly available Apple Silicon runners (#9726)" ([#9834](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9834))
+
+### Performance
+
+- Skip LibCST parsing for standard dedent adjustments ([#9769](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9769))
+- Remove CST-based fixer for `C408` ([#9822](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9822))
+- Add our own ignored-names abstractions ([#9802](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9802))
+- Remove CST-based fixers for `C400`, `C401`, `C410`, and `C418` ([#9819](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9819))
+- Use `AhoCorasick` to speed up quote match ([#9773](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9773))
+- Remove CST-based fixers for `C405` and `C409` ([#9821](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9821))
+- Add fast-path for comment detection ([#9808](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9808))
+- Invert order of checks in `zero-sleep-call` ([#9766](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9766))
+- Short-circuit typing matches based on imports ([#9800](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9800))
+- Run dunder method rule on methods directly ([#9815](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9815))
+- Track top-level module imports in the semantic model ([#9775](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9775))
+- Slight speed-up for lowercase and uppercase identifier checks ([#9798](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9798))
+- Remove LibCST-based fixer for `C403` ([#9818](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9818))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Update `max-pos-args` example to `max-positional-args` ([#9797](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9797))
+- Fixed example code in `weak_cryptographic_key.rs` ([#9774](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9774))
+- Fix references to deprecated `ANN` rules in changelog ([#9771](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9771))
+- Fix default for `max-positional-args` ([#9838](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9838))
+
+## 0.2.0
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- The `NURSERY` selector cannot be used anymore
+- Legacy selection of nursery rules by exact codes is no longer allowed without preview enabled
+
+See also, the "Remapped rules" section which may result in disabled rules.
+
+### Deprecations
+
+The following rules are now deprecated:
+
+- [`missing-type-self`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/missing-type-self/) (`ANN101`)
+- [`missing-type-cls`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/missing-type-cls/) (`ANN102`)
+
+The following command line options are now deprecated:
+
+- `--show-source`; use `--output-format full` instead
+- `--no-show-source`; use `--output-format concise` instead
+- `--output-format text`; use `full` or `concise` instead
+
+The following settings have moved and the previous name is deprecated:
+
+- `ruff.allowed-confusables` → [`ruff.lint.allowed-confusables`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_allowed-confusables)
+- `ruff.dummy-variable-rgx` → [`ruff.lint.dummy-variable-rgx`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_dummy-variable-rgx)
+- `ruff.explicit-preview-rules` → [`ruff.lint.explicit-preview-rules`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_explicit-preview-rules)
+- `ruff.extend-fixable` → [`ruff.lint.extend-fixable`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-fixable)
+- `ruff.extend-ignore` → [`ruff.lint.extend-ignore`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-ignore)
+- `ruff.extend-per-file-ignores` → [`ruff.lint.extend-per-file-ignores`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-per-file-ignores)
+- `ruff.extend-safe-fixes` → [`ruff.lint.extend-safe-fixes`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-safe-fixes)
+- `ruff.extend-select` → [`ruff.lint.extend-select`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-select)
+- `ruff.extend-unfixable` → [`ruff.lint.extend-unfixable`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-unfixable)
+- `ruff.extend-unsafe-fixes` → [`ruff.lint.extend-unsafe-fixes`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_extend-unsafe-fixes)
+- `ruff.external` → [`ruff.lint.external`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_external)
+- `ruff.fixable` → [`ruff.lint.fixable`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_fixable)
+- `ruff.flake8-annotations` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-annotations`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-annotations)
+- `ruff.flake8-bandit` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-bandit`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-bandit)
+- `ruff.flake8-bugbear` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-bugbear`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-bugbear)
+- `ruff.flake8-builtins` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-builtins`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-builtins)
+- `ruff.flake8-comprehensions` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-comprehensions`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-comprehensions)
+- `ruff.flake8-copyright` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-copyright`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-copyright)
+- `ruff.flake8-errmsg` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-errmsg`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-errmsg)
+- `ruff.flake8-gettext` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-gettext`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-gettext)
+- `ruff.flake8-implicit-str-concat` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-implicit-str-concat`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-implicit-str-concat)
+- `ruff.flake8-import-conventions` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-import-conventions`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-import-conventions)
+- `ruff.flake8-pytest-style` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-pytest-style`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-pytest-style)
+- `ruff.flake8-quotes` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-quotes`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-quotes)
+- `ruff.flake8-self` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-self`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-self)
+- `ruff.flake8-tidy-imports` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-tidy-imports)
+- `ruff.flake8-type-checking` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-type-checking`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-type-checking)
+- `ruff.flake8-unused-arguments` → [`ruff.lint.flake8-unused-arguments`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_flake8-unused-arguments)
+- `ruff.ignore` → [`ruff.lint.ignore`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_ignore)
+- `ruff.ignore-init-module-imports` → [`ruff.lint.ignore-init-module-imports`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_ignore-init-module-imports)
+- `ruff.isort` → [`ruff.lint.isort`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_isort)
+- `ruff.logger-objects` → [`ruff.lint.logger-objects`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_logger-objects)
+- `ruff.mccabe` → [`ruff.lint.mccabe`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_mccabe)
+- `ruff.pep8-naming` → [`ruff.lint.pep8-naming`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_pep8-naming)
+- `ruff.per-file-ignores` → [`ruff.lint.per-file-ignores`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_per-file-ignores)
+- `ruff.pycodestyle` → [`ruff.lint.pycodestyle`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_pycodestyle)
+- `ruff.pydocstyle` → [`ruff.lint.pydocstyle`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_pydocstyle)
+- `ruff.pyflakes` → [`ruff.lint.pyflakes`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_pyflakes)
+- `ruff.pylint` → [`ruff.lint.pylint`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_pylint)
+- `ruff.pyupgrade` → [`ruff.lint.pyupgrade`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_pyupgrade)
+- `ruff.select` → [`ruff.lint.select`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_select)
+- `ruff.task-tags` → [`ruff.lint.task-tags`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_task-tags)
+- `ruff.typing-modules` → [`ruff.lint.typing-modules`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_typing-modules)
+- `ruff.unfixable` → [`ruff.lint.unfixable`](https://docs.astral.sh//ruff/settings/#lint_unfixable)
+
+### Remapped rules
+
+The following rules have been remapped to new codes:
+
+- [`raise-without-from-inside-except`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/raise-without-from-inside-except/): `TRY200` to `B904`
+- [`suspicious-eval-usage`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/suspicious-eval-usage/): `PGH001` to `S307`
+- [`logging-warn`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/logging-warn/): `PGH002` to `G010`
+- [`static-key-dict-comprehension`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/static-key-dict-comprehension): `RUF011` to `B035`
+- [`runtime-string-union`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/runtime-string-union): `TCH006` to `TCH010`
+
+### Stabilizations
+
+The following rules have been stabilized and are no longer in preview:
+
+- [`trio-timeout-without-await`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/trio-timeout-without-await) (`TRIO100`)
+- [`trio-sync-call`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/trio-sync-call) (`TRIO105`)
+- [`trio-async-function-with-timeout`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/trio-async-function-with-timeout) (`TRIO109`)
+- [`trio-unneeded-sleep`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/trio-unneeded-sleep) (`TRIO110`)
+- [`trio-zero-sleep-call`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/trio-zero-sleep-call) (`TRIO115`)
+- [`unnecessary-escaped-quote`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-escaped-quote) (`Q004`)
+- [`enumerate-for-loop`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/enumerate-for-loop) (`SIM113`)
+- [`zip-dict-keys-and-values`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/zip-dict-keys-and-values) (`SIM911`)
+- [`timeout-error-alias`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/timeout-error-alias) (`UP041`)
+- [`flask-debug-true`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/flask-debug-true) (`S201`)
+- [`tarfile-unsafe-members`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/tarfile-unsafe-members) (`S202`)
+- [`ssl-insecure-version`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/ssl-insecure-version) (`S502`)
+- [`ssl-with-bad-defaults`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/ssl-with-bad-defaults) (`S503`)
+- [`ssl-with-no-version`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/ssl-with-no-version) (`S504`)
+- [`weak-cryptographic-key`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/weak-cryptographic-key) (`S505`)
+- [`ssh-no-host-key-verification`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/ssh-no-host-key-verification) (`S507`)
+- [`django-raw-sql`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/django-raw-sql) (`S611`)
+- [`mako-templates`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/mako-templates) (`S702`)
+- [`generator-return-from-iter-method`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/generator-return-from-iter-method) (`PYI058`)
+- [`runtime-string-union`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/runtime-string-union) (`TCH006`)
+- [`numpy2-deprecation`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/numpy2-deprecation) (`NPY201`)
+- [`quadratic-list-summation`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/quadratic-list-summation) (`RUF017`)
+- [`assignment-in-assert`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/assignment-in-assert) (`RUF018`)
+- [`unnecessary-key-check`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-key-check) (`RUF019`)
+- [`never-union`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/never-union) (`RUF020`)
+- [`direct-logger-instantiation`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/direct-logger-instantiation) (`LOG001`)
+- [`invalid-get-logger-argument`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-get-logger-argument) (`LOG002`)
+- [`exception-without-exc-info`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/exception-without-exc-info) (`LOG007`)
+- [`undocumented-warn`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/undocumented-warn) (`LOG009`)
+
+Fixes for the following rules have been stabilized and are now available without preview:
+
+- [`triple-single-quotes`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/triple-single-quotes) (`D300`)
+- [`non-pep604-annotation`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep604-annotation) (`UP007`)
+- [`dict-get-with-none-default`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/dict-get-with-none-default) (`SIM910`)
+- [`in-dict-keys`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/in-dict-keys) (`SIM118`)
+- [`collapsible-else-if`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/collapsible-else-if) (`PLR5501`)
+- [`if-with-same-arms`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/if-with-same-arms) (`SIM114`)
+- [`useless-else-on-loop`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/useless-else-on-loop) (`PLW0120`)
+- [`unnecessary-literal-union`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-literal-union) (`PYI030`)
+- [`unnecessary-spread`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-spread) (`PIE800`)
+- [`error-instead-of-exception`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/error-instead-of-exception) (`TRY400`)
+- [`redefined-while-unused`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/redefined-while-unused) (`F811`)
+- [`duplicate-value`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/duplicate-value) (`B033`)
+- [`multiple-imports-on-one-line`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/multiple-imports-on-one-line) (`E401`)
+- [`non-pep585-annotation`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep585-annotation) (`UP006`)
+
+Fixes for the following rules have been promoted from unsafe to safe:
+
+- [`unaliased-collections-abc-set-import`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unaliased-collections-abc-set-import) (`PYI025`)
+
+The following behaviors have been stabilized:
+
+- [`module-import-not-at-top-of-file`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/module-import-not-at-top-of-file/) (`E402`) allows `sys.path` modifications between imports
+- [`reimplemented-container-builtin`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/reimplemented-container-builtin/) (`PIE807`) includes lambdas that can be replaced with `dict`
+- [`unnecessary-placeholder`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unnecessary-placeholder/) (`PIE790`) applies to unnecessary ellipses (`...`)
+- [`if-else-block-instead-of-dict-get`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/if-else-block-instead-of-dict-get/) (`SIM401`) applies to `if-else` expressions
+
+### Preview features
+
+- \[`refurb`\] Implement `metaclass_abcmeta` (`FURB180`) ([#9658](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9658))
+- Implement `blank_line_after_nested_stub_class` preview style ([#9155](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9155))
+- The preview rule [`and-or-ternary`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/and-or-ternary) (`PLR1706`) was removed
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- \[`flake8-async`\] Take `pathlib.Path` into account when analyzing async functions ([#9703](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9703))
+- \[`flake8-return`\] - fix indentation syntax error (`RET505`) ([#9705](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9705))
+- Detect multi-statement lines in else removal ([#9748](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9748))
+- `RUF022`, `RUF023`: never add two trailing commas to the end of a sequence ([#9698](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9698))
+- `RUF023`: Don't sort `__match_args__`, only `__slots__` ([#9724](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9724))
+- \[`flake8-simplify`\] - Fix syntax error in autofix (`SIM114`) ([#9704](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9704))
+- \[`pylint`\] Show verbatim constant in `magic-value-comparison` (`PLR2004`) ([#9694](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9694))
+- Removing trailing whitespace inside multiline strings is unsafe ([#9744](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9744))
+- Support `IfExp` with dual string arms in `invalid-envvar-default` ([#9734](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9734))
+- \[`pylint`\] Add `__mro_entries__` to known dunder methods (`PLW3201`) ([#9706](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9706))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Removed rules are now retained in the documentation ([#9691](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9691))
+- Deprecated rules are now indicated in the documentation ([#9689](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9689))
+
 ## 0.1.15
 
 ### Preview features

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ Welcome! We're happy to have you here. Thank you in advance for your contributio
 - [`cargo dev`](#cargo-dev)
 - [Subsystems](#subsystems)
     - [Compilation Pipeline](#compilation-pipeline)
+    - [Import Categorization](#import-categorization)
+        - [Project root](#project-root)
+        - [Package root](#package-root)
+        - [Import categorization](#import-categorization-1)
 
 ## The Basics
 
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ You'll also need [Insta](https://insta.rs/docs/) to update snapshot tests:
 cargo install cargo-insta
 ```
 
-and pre-commit to run some validation checks:
+And you'll need pre-commit to run some validation checks:
 
 ```shell
 pipx install pre-commit  # or `pip install pre-commit` if you have a virtualenv
@@ -76,6 +80,16 @@ when making a commit:
 pre-commit install
 ```
 
+We recommend [nextest](https://nexte.st/) to run Ruff's test suite (via `cargo nextest run`),
+though it's not strictly necessary:
+
+```shell
+cargo install cargo-nextest --locked
+```
+
+Throughout this guide, any usages of `cargo test` can be replaced with `cargo nextest run`,
+if you choose to install `nextest`.
+
 ### Development
 
 After cloning the repository, run Ruff locally from the repository root with:
@@ -231,7 +245,7 @@ Once you've completed the code for the rule itself, you can define tests with th
     For example, if you're adding a new rule named `E402`, you would run:
 
     ```shell
-    cargo run -p ruff -- check crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/E402.py --no-cache --select E402
+    cargo run -p ruff -- check crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/E402.py --no-cache --preview --select E402
     ```
 
     **Note:** Only a subset of rules are enabled by default. When testing a new rule, ensure that
@@ -373,6 +387,11 @@ We have several ways of benchmarking and profiling Ruff:
 - Microbenchmarks which run the linter or the formatter on individual files. These run on pull requests.
 - Profiling the linter on either the microbenchmarks or entire projects
 
+> \[!NOTE\]
+> When running benchmarks, ensure that your CPU is otherwise idle (e.g., close any background
+> applications, like web browsers). You may also want to switch your CPU to a "performance"
+> mode, if it exists, especially when benchmarking short-lived processes.
+
 ### CPython Benchmark
 
 First, clone [CPython](https://github.com/python/cpython). It's a large and diverse Python codebase,

Cargo.toml

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ argfile = { version = "0.1.6" }
 assert_cmd = { version = "2.0.13" }
 bincode = { version = "1.3.3" }
 bitflags = { version = "2.4.1" }
+bstr = { version = "1.9.0" }
 cachedir = { version = "0.3.1" }
-chrono = { version = "0.4.33", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4.34", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
 clap = { version = "4.4.18", features = ["derive"] }
 clap_complete_command = { version = "0.5.1" }
 clearscreen = { version = "2.0.0" }
@@ -43,19 +44,19 @@ hexf-parse = { version ="0.2.1"}
 ignore = { version = "0.4.22" }
 imara-diff ={ version = "0.1.5"}
 imperative = { version = "1.0.4" }
-indicatif ={ version = "0.17.7"}
+indicatif ={ version = "0.17.8"}
 indoc ={ version = "2.0.4"}
 insta = { version = "1.34.0", feature = ["filters", "glob"] }
 insta-cmd = { version = "0.4.0" }
-is-macro = { version = "0.3.4" }
+is-macro = { version = "0.3.5" }
 is-wsl = { version = "0.4.0" }
-itertools = { version = "0.12.0" }
+itertools = { version = "0.12.1" }
 js-sys = { version = "0.3.67" }
 lalrpop-util = { version = "0.20.0", default-features = false }
 lexical-parse-float = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["format"] }
 libcst = { version = "1.1.0", default-features = false }
 log = { version = "0.4.17" }
-memchr = { version = "2.6.4" }
+memchr = { version = "2.7.1" }
 mimalloc = { version ="0.1.39"}
 natord = { version = "1.0.9" }
 notify = { version = "6.1.1" }
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ pathdiff = { version = "0.2.1" }
 pep440_rs = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["serde"] }
 pretty_assertions = "1.3.0"
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1.0.78" }
-pyproject-toml = { version = "0.8.1" }
+pyproject-toml = { version = "0.9.0" }
 quick-junit = { version = "0.3.5" }
 quote = { version = "1.0.23" }
 rand = { version = "0.8.5" }
@@ -91,9 +92,9 @@ strum_macros = { version = "0.25.3" }
 syn = { version = "2.0.40" }
 tempfile = { version ="3.9.0"}
 test-case = { version = "3.3.1" }
-thiserror = { version = "1.0.51" }
+thiserror = { version = "1.0.57" }
 tikv-jemallocator = { version ="0.5.0"}
-toml = { version = "0.8.8" }
+toml = { version = "0.8.9" }
 tracing = { version = "0.1.40" }
 tracing-indicatif = { version = "0.3.6" }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }

README.md

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Ruff can also be used as a [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) hook via [`ruff
 ```yaml
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
   # Ruff version.
-  rev: v0.1.15
+  rev: v0.2.1
   hooks:
     # Run the linter.
     - id: ruff
@@ -433,6 +433,7 @@ Ruff is used by a number of major open-source projects and companies, including:
 - [PyInstaller](https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller)
 - [PyMC](https://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc/)
 - [PyMC-Marketing](https://github.com/pymc-labs/pymc-marketing)
+- [pytest](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest)
 - [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch)
 - [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic)
 - [Pylint](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint)
@@ -463,7 +464,7 @@ Ruff is used by a number of major open-source projects and companies, including:
 
 ### Show Your Support
 
-If you're using Ruff, consider adding the Ruff badge to project's `README.md`:
+If you're using Ruff, consider adding the Ruff badge to your project's `README.md`:
 
 ```md
 [![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
@@ -489,6 +490,6 @@ MIT
 
 <div align="center">
   <a target="_blank" href="https://astral.sh" style="background:none">
-    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/svg/Astral.svg">
+    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/svg/Astral.svg" alt="Made by Astral">
   </a>
 </div>

crates/ruff/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.1.15"
+version = "0.2.1"
 publish = false
 authors = { workspace = true }
 edition = { workspace = true }
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 shellexpand = { workspace = true }
 strum = { workspace = true, features = [] }
+tempfile = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }
+toml = { workspace = true }
 tracing = { workspace = true, features = ["log"] }
 walkdir = { workspace = true }
 wild = { workspace = true }

crates/ruff/src/args.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use anyhow::bail;
+use clap::builder::{TypedValueParser, ValueParserFactory};
 use clap::{command, Parser};
+use colored::Colorize;
+use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
 use regex::Regex;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
+use toml;
 
 use ruff_linter::line_width::LineLength;
 use ruff_linter::logging::LogLevel;
@@ -12,8 +22,10 @@ use ruff_linter::settings::types::{
     SerializationFormat, UnsafeFixes,
 };
 use ruff_linter::{warn_user, RuleParser, RuleSelector, RuleSelectorParser};
+use ruff_source_file::{LineIndex, OneIndexed};
+use ruff_text_size::TextRange;
 use ruff_workspace::configuration::{Configuration, RuleSelection};
-use ruff_workspace::options::PycodestyleOptions;
+use ruff_workspace::options::{Options, PycodestyleOptions};
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::ConfigurationTransformer;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Parser)]
@@ -149,10 +161,20 @@ pub struct CheckCommand {
     preview: bool,
     #[clap(long, overrides_with("preview"), hide = true)]
     no_preview: bool,
-    /// Path to the `pyproject.toml` or `ruff.toml` file to use for
-    /// configuration.
-    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "isolated")]
-    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// Either a path to a TOML configuration file (`pyproject.toml` or `ruff.toml`),
+    /// or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair
+    /// (such as you might find in a `ruff.toml` configuration file)
+    /// overriding a specific configuration option.
+    /// Overrides of individual settings using this option always take precedence
+    /// over all configuration files, including configuration files that were also
+    /// specified using `--config`.
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        action = clap::ArgAction::Append,
+        value_name = "CONFIG_OPTION",
+        value_parser = ConfigArgumentParser,
+    )]
+    pub config: Vec<SingleConfigArgument>,
     /// Comma-separated list of rule codes to enable (or ALL, to enable all rules).
     #[arg(
         long,
@@ -285,7 +307,15 @@ pub struct CheckCommand {
     #[arg(short, long, env = "RUFF_NO_CACHE", help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
     pub no_cache: bool,
     /// Ignore all configuration files.
-    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "config", help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
+    //
+    // Note: We can't mark this as conflicting with `--config` here
+    // as `--config` can be used for specifying configuration overrides
+    // as well as configuration files.
+    // Specifying a configuration file conflicts with `--isolated`;
+    // specifying a configuration override does not.
+    // If a user specifies `ruff check --isolated --config=ruff.toml`,
+    // we emit an error later on, after the initial parsing by clap.
+    #[arg(long, help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
     pub isolated: bool,
     /// Path to the cache directory.
     #[arg(long, env = "RUFF_CACHE_DIR", help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
@@ -378,9 +408,20 @@ pub struct FormatCommand {
     /// difference between the current file and how the formatted file would look like.
     #[arg(long)]
     pub diff: bool,
-    /// Path to the `pyproject.toml` or `ruff.toml` file to use for configuration.
-    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "isolated")]
-    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// Either a path to a TOML configuration file (`pyproject.toml` or `ruff.toml`),
+    /// or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair
+    /// (such as you might find in a `ruff.toml` configuration file)
+    /// overriding a specific configuration option.
+    /// Overrides of individual settings using this option always take precedence
+    /// over all configuration files, including configuration files that were also
+    /// specified using `--config`.
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        action = clap::ArgAction::Append,
+        value_name = "CONFIG_OPTION",
+        value_parser = ConfigArgumentParser,
+    )]
+    pub config: Vec<SingleConfigArgument>,
 
     /// Disable cache reads.
     #[arg(short, long, env = "RUFF_NO_CACHE", help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
@@ -422,7 +463,15 @@ pub struct FormatCommand {
     #[arg(long, help_heading = "Format configuration")]
     pub line_length: Option<LineLength>,
     /// Ignore all configuration files.
-    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "config", help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
+    //
+    // Note: We can't mark this as conflicting with `--config` here
+    // as `--config` can be used for specifying configuration overrides
+    // as well as configuration files.
+    // Specifying a configuration file conflicts with `--isolated`;
+    // specifying a configuration override does not.
+    // If a user specifies `ruff check --isolated --config=ruff.toml`,
+    // we emit an error later on, after the initial parsing by clap.
+    #[arg(long, help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
     pub isolated: bool,
     /// The name of the file when passing it through stdin.
     #[arg(long, help_heading = "Miscellaneous")]
@@ -440,6 +489,21 @@ pub struct FormatCommand {
     preview: bool,
     #[clap(long, overrides_with("preview"), hide = true)]
     no_preview: bool,
+
+    /// When specified, Ruff will try to only format the code in the given range.
+    /// It might be necessary to extend the start backwards or the end forwards, to fully enclose a logical line.
+    /// The `<RANGE>` uses the format `<start_line>:<start_column>-<end_line>:<end_column>`.
+    ///
+    /// - The line and column numbers are 1 based.
+    /// - The column specifies the nth-unicode codepoint on that line.
+    /// - The end offset is exclusive.
+    /// - The column numbers are optional. You can write `--range=1-2` instead of `--range=1:1-2:1`.
+    /// - The end position is optional. You can write `--range=2` to format the entire document starting from the second line.
+    /// - The start position is optional. You can write `--range=-3` to format the first three lines of the document.
+    ///
+    /// The option can only be used when formatting a single file. Range formatting of notebooks is unsupported.
+    #[clap(long, help_heading = "Editor options", verbatim_doc_comment)]
+    pub range: Option<FormatRange>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, clap::ValueEnum)]
@@ -494,100 +558,181 @@ impl From<&LogLevelArgs> for LogLevel {
     }
 }
 
+/// Configuration-related arguments passed via the CLI.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ConfigArguments {
+    /// Path to a pyproject.toml or ruff.toml configuration file (etc.).
+    /// Either 0 or 1 configuration file paths may be provided on the command line.
+    config_file: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// Overrides provided via the `--config "KEY=VALUE"` option.
+    /// An arbitrary number of these overrides may be provided on the command line.
+    /// These overrides take precedence over all configuration files,
+    /// even configuration files that were also specified using `--config`.
+    overrides: Configuration,
+    /// Overrides provided via dedicated flags such as `--line-length` etc.
+    /// These overrides take precedence over all configuration files,
+    /// and also over all overrides specified using any `--config "KEY=VALUE"` flags.
+    per_flag_overrides: ExplicitConfigOverrides,
+}
+
+impl ConfigArguments {
+    pub fn config_file(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
+        self.config_file.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    fn from_cli_arguments(
+        config_options: Vec<SingleConfigArgument>,
+        per_flag_overrides: ExplicitConfigOverrides,
+        isolated: bool,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        let mut new = Self {
+            per_flag_overrides,
+            ..Self::default()
+        };
+
+        for option in config_options {
+            match option {
+                SingleConfigArgument::SettingsOverride(overridden_option) => {
+                    let overridden_option = Arc::try_unwrap(overridden_option)
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|option| option.deref().clone());
+                    new.overrides = new.overrides.combine(Configuration::from_options(
+                        overridden_option,
+                        None,
+                        &path_dedot::CWD,
+                    )?);
+                }
+                SingleConfigArgument::FilePath(path) => {
+                    if isolated {
+                        bail!(
+                            "\
+The argument `--config={}` cannot be used with `--isolated`
+
+  tip: You cannot specify a configuration file and also specify `--isolated`,
+       as `--isolated` causes ruff to ignore all configuration files.
+       For more information, try `--help`.
+",
+                            path.display()
+                        );
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ref config_file) = new.config_file {
+                        let (first, second) = (config_file.display(), path.display());
+                        bail!(
+                            "\
+You cannot specify more than one configuration file on the command line.
+
+  tip: remove either `--config={first}` or `--config={second}`.
+       For more information, try `--help`.
+"
+                        );
+                    }
+                    new.config_file = Some(path);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(new)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConfigurationTransformer for ConfigArguments {
+    fn transform(&self, config: Configuration) -> Configuration {
+        let with_config_overrides = self.overrides.clone().combine(config);
+        self.per_flag_overrides.transform(with_config_overrides)
+    }
+}
+
 impl CheckCommand {
     /// Partition the CLI into command-line arguments and configuration
     /// overrides.
-    pub fn partition(self) -> (CheckArguments, CliOverrides) {
-        (
-            CheckArguments {
-                add_noqa: self.add_noqa,
-                config: self.config,
-                diff: self.diff,
-                ecosystem_ci: self.ecosystem_ci,
-                exit_non_zero_on_fix: self.exit_non_zero_on_fix,
-                exit_zero: self.exit_zero,
-                files: self.files,
-                ignore_noqa: self.ignore_noqa,
-                isolated: self.isolated,
-                no_cache: self.no_cache,
-                output_file: self.output_file,
-                show_files: self.show_files,
-                show_settings: self.show_settings,
-                statistics: self.statistics,
-                stdin_filename: self.stdin_filename,
-                watch: self.watch,
-            },
-            CliOverrides {
-                dummy_variable_rgx: self.dummy_variable_rgx,
-                exclude: self.exclude,
-                extend_exclude: self.extend_exclude,
-                extend_fixable: self.extend_fixable,
-                extend_ignore: self.extend_ignore,
-                extend_per_file_ignores: self.extend_per_file_ignores,
-                extend_select: self.extend_select,
-                extend_unfixable: self.extend_unfixable,
-                fixable: self.fixable,
-                ignore: self.ignore,
-                line_length: self.line_length,
-                per_file_ignores: self.per_file_ignores,
-                preview: resolve_bool_arg(self.preview, self.no_preview).map(PreviewMode::from),
-                respect_gitignore: resolve_bool_arg(
-                    self.respect_gitignore,
-                    self.no_respect_gitignore,
-                ),
-                select: self.select,
-                target_version: self.target_version,
-                unfixable: self.unfixable,
-                // TODO(charlie): Included in `pyproject.toml`, but not inherited.
-                cache_dir: self.cache_dir,
-                fix: resolve_bool_arg(self.fix, self.no_fix),
-                fix_only: resolve_bool_arg(self.fix_only, self.no_fix_only),
-                unsafe_fixes: resolve_bool_arg(self.unsafe_fixes, self.no_unsafe_fixes)
-                    .map(UnsafeFixes::from),
-                force_exclude: resolve_bool_arg(self.force_exclude, self.no_force_exclude),
-                output_format: resolve_output_format(
-                    self.output_format,
-                    resolve_bool_arg(self.show_source, self.no_show_source),
-                    resolve_bool_arg(self.preview, self.no_preview).unwrap_or_default(),
-                ),
-                show_fixes: resolve_bool_arg(self.show_fixes, self.no_show_fixes),
-                extension: self.extension,
-            },
-        )
+    pub fn partition(self) -> anyhow::Result<(CheckArguments, ConfigArguments)> {
+        let check_arguments = CheckArguments {
+            add_noqa: self.add_noqa,
+            diff: self.diff,
+            ecosystem_ci: self.ecosystem_ci,
+            exit_non_zero_on_fix: self.exit_non_zero_on_fix,
+            exit_zero: self.exit_zero,
+            files: self.files,
+            ignore_noqa: self.ignore_noqa,
+            isolated: self.isolated,
+            no_cache: self.no_cache,
+            output_file: self.output_file,
+            show_files: self.show_files,
+            show_settings: self.show_settings,
+            statistics: self.statistics,
+            stdin_filename: self.stdin_filename,
+            watch: self.watch,
+        };
+
+        let cli_overrides = ExplicitConfigOverrides {
+            dummy_variable_rgx: self.dummy_variable_rgx,
+            exclude: self.exclude,
+            extend_exclude: self.extend_exclude,
+            extend_fixable: self.extend_fixable,
+            extend_ignore: self.extend_ignore,
+            extend_per_file_ignores: self.extend_per_file_ignores,
+            extend_select: self.extend_select,
+            extend_unfixable: self.extend_unfixable,
+            fixable: self.fixable,
+            ignore: self.ignore,
+            line_length: self.line_length,
+            per_file_ignores: self.per_file_ignores,
+            preview: resolve_bool_arg(self.preview, self.no_preview).map(PreviewMode::from),
+            respect_gitignore: resolve_bool_arg(self.respect_gitignore, self.no_respect_gitignore),
+            select: self.select,
+            target_version: self.target_version,
+            unfixable: self.unfixable,
+            // TODO(charlie): Included in `pyproject.toml`, but not inherited.
+            cache_dir: self.cache_dir,
+            fix: resolve_bool_arg(self.fix, self.no_fix),
+            fix_only: resolve_bool_arg(self.fix_only, self.no_fix_only),
+            unsafe_fixes: resolve_bool_arg(self.unsafe_fixes, self.no_unsafe_fixes)
+                .map(UnsafeFixes::from),
+            force_exclude: resolve_bool_arg(self.force_exclude, self.no_force_exclude),
+            output_format: resolve_output_format(
+                self.output_format,
+                resolve_bool_arg(self.show_source, self.no_show_source),
+                resolve_bool_arg(self.preview, self.no_preview).unwrap_or_default(),
+            ),
+            show_fixes: resolve_bool_arg(self.show_fixes, self.no_show_fixes),
+            extension: self.extension,
+        };
+
+        let config_args =
+            ConfigArguments::from_cli_arguments(self.config, cli_overrides, self.isolated)?;
+        Ok((check_arguments, config_args))
     }
 }
 
 impl FormatCommand {
     /// Partition the CLI into command-line arguments and configuration
     /// overrides.
-    pub fn partition(self) -> (FormatArguments, CliOverrides) {
-        (
-            FormatArguments {
-                check: self.check,
-                diff: self.diff,
-                config: self.config,
-                files: self.files,
-                isolated: self.isolated,
-                no_cache: self.no_cache,
-                stdin_filename: self.stdin_filename,
-            },
-            CliOverrides {
-                line_length: self.line_length,
-                respect_gitignore: resolve_bool_arg(
-                    self.respect_gitignore,
-                    self.no_respect_gitignore,
-                ),
-                exclude: self.exclude,
-                preview: resolve_bool_arg(self.preview, self.no_preview).map(PreviewMode::from),
-                force_exclude: resolve_bool_arg(self.force_exclude, self.no_force_exclude),
-                target_version: self.target_version,
-                cache_dir: self.cache_dir,
-                extension: self.extension,
+    pub fn partition(self) -> anyhow::Result<(FormatArguments, ConfigArguments)> {
+        let format_arguments = FormatArguments {
+            check: self.check,
+            diff: self.diff,
+            files: self.files,
+            isolated: self.isolated,
+            no_cache: self.no_cache,
+            stdin_filename: self.stdin_filename,
+            range: self.range,
+        };
 
-                // Unsupported on the formatter CLI, but required on `Overrides`.
-                ..CliOverrides::default()
-            },
-        )
+        let cli_overrides = ExplicitConfigOverrides {
+            line_length: self.line_length,
+            respect_gitignore: resolve_bool_arg(self.respect_gitignore, self.no_respect_gitignore),
+            exclude: self.exclude,
+            preview: resolve_bool_arg(self.preview, self.no_preview).map(PreviewMode::from),
+            force_exclude: resolve_bool_arg(self.force_exclude, self.no_force_exclude),
+            target_version: self.target_version,
+            cache_dir: self.cache_dir,
+            extension: self.extension,
+
+            // Unsupported on the formatter CLI, but required on `Overrides`.
+            ..ExplicitConfigOverrides::default()
+        };
+
+        let config_args =
+            ConfigArguments::from_cli_arguments(self.config, cli_overrides, self.isolated)?;
+        Ok((format_arguments, config_args))
     }
 }
 
@@ -600,6 +745,154 @@ fn resolve_bool_arg(yes: bool, no: bool) -> Option<bool> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum TomlParseFailureKind {
+    SyntaxError,
+    UnknownOption,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for TomlParseFailureKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let display = match self {
+            Self::SyntaxError => "The supplied argument is not valid TOML",
+            Self::UnknownOption => {
+                "Could not parse the supplied argument as a `ruff.toml` configuration option"
+            }
+        };
+        write!(f, "{display}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct TomlParseFailure {
+    kind: TomlParseFailureKind,
+    underlying_error: toml::de::Error,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for TomlParseFailure {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let TomlParseFailure {
+            kind,
+            underlying_error,
+        } = self;
+        let display = format!("{kind}:\n\n{underlying_error}");
+        write!(f, "{}", display.trim_end())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Enumeration to represent a single `--config` argument
+/// passed via the CLI.
+///
+/// Using the `--config` flag, users may pass 0 or 1 paths
+/// to configuration files and an arbitrary number of
+/// "inline TOML" overrides for specific settings.
+///
+/// For example:
+///
+/// ```sh
+/// ruff check --config "path/to/ruff.toml" --config "extend-select=['E501', 'F841']" --config "lint.per-file-ignores = {'some_file.py' = ['F841']}"
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum SingleConfigArgument {
+    FilePath(PathBuf),
+    SettingsOverride(Arc<Options>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ConfigArgumentParser;
+
+impl ValueParserFactory for SingleConfigArgument {
+    type Parser = ConfigArgumentParser;
+
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        ConfigArgumentParser
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for ConfigArgumentParser {
+    type Value = SingleConfigArgument;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &clap::Command,
+        arg: Option<&clap::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, clap::Error> {
+        let path_to_config_file = PathBuf::from(value);
+        if path_to_config_file.exists() {
+            return Ok(SingleConfigArgument::FilePath(path_to_config_file));
+        }
+
+        let value = value
+            .to_str()
+            .ok_or_else(|| clap::Error::new(clap::error::ErrorKind::InvalidUtf8))?;
+
+        let toml_parse_error = match toml::Table::from_str(value) {
+            Ok(table) => match table.try_into() {
+                Ok(option) => return Ok(SingleConfigArgument::SettingsOverride(Arc::new(option))),
+                Err(underlying_error) => TomlParseFailure {
+                    kind: TomlParseFailureKind::UnknownOption,
+                    underlying_error,
+                },
+            },
+            Err(underlying_error) => TomlParseFailure {
+                kind: TomlParseFailureKind::SyntaxError,
+                underlying_error,
+            },
+        };
+
+        let mut new_error = clap::Error::new(clap::error::ErrorKind::ValueValidation).with_cmd(cmd);
+        if let Some(arg) = arg {
+            new_error.insert(
+                clap::error::ContextKind::InvalidArg,
+                clap::error::ContextValue::String(arg.to_string()),
+            );
+        }
+        new_error.insert(
+            clap::error::ContextKind::InvalidValue,
+            clap::error::ContextValue::String(value.to_string()),
+        );
+
+        // small hack so that multiline tips
+        // have the same indent on the left-hand side:
+        let tip_indent = " ".repeat("  tip: ".len());
+
+        let mut tip = format!(
+            "\
+A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+{tip_indent}or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+{tip_indent}option"
+        );
+
+        // Here we do some heuristics to try to figure out whether
+        // the user was trying to pass in a path to a configuration file
+        // or some inline TOML.
+        // We want to display the most helpful error to the user as possible.
+        if std::path::Path::new(value)
+            .extension()
+            .map_or(false, |ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("toml"))
+        {
+            if !value.contains('=') {
+                tip.push_str(&format!(
+                    "
+
+It looks like you were trying to pass a path to a configuration file.
+The path `{value}` does not exist"
+                ));
+            }
+        } else if value.contains('=') {
+            tip.push_str(&format!("\n\n{toml_parse_error}"));
+        }
+
+        new_error.insert(
+            clap::error::ContextKind::Suggested,
+            clap::error::ContextValue::StyledStrs(vec![tip.into()]),
+        );
+
+        Err(new_error)
+    }
+}
+
 fn resolve_output_format(
     output_format: Option<SerializationFormat>,
     show_sources: Option<bool>,
@@ -642,7 +935,6 @@ fn resolve_output_format(
 #[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
 pub struct CheckArguments {
     pub add_noqa: bool,
-    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
     pub diff: bool,
     pub ecosystem_ci: bool,
     pub exit_non_zero_on_fix: bool,
@@ -666,45 +958,235 @@ pub struct FormatArguments {
     pub check: bool,
     pub no_cache: bool,
     pub diff: bool,
-    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
     pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub isolated: bool,
     pub stdin_filename: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub range: Option<FormatRange>,
 }
 
-/// CLI settings that function as configuration overrides.
+/// A text range specified by line and column numbers.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct FormatRange {
+    start: LineColumn,
+    end: LineColumn,
+}
+
+impl FormatRange {
+    /// Converts the line:column range to a byte offset range specific for `source`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an empty range if the start range is past the end of `source`.
+    pub(super) fn to_text_range(self, source: &str, line_index: &LineIndex) -> TextRange {
+        let start_byte_offset = line_index.offset(self.start.line, self.start.column, source);
+        let end_byte_offset = line_index.offset(self.end.line, self.end.column, source);
+
+        TextRange::new(start_byte_offset, end_byte_offset)
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for FormatRange {
+    type Err = FormatRangeParseError;
+
+    fn from_str(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let (start, end) = value.split_once('-').unwrap_or((value, ""));
+
+        let start = if start.is_empty() {
+            LineColumn::default()
+        } else {
+            start.parse().map_err(FormatRangeParseError::InvalidStart)?
+        };
+
+        let end = if end.is_empty() {
+            LineColumn {
+                line: OneIndexed::MAX,
+                column: OneIndexed::MAX,
+            }
+        } else {
+            end.parse().map_err(FormatRangeParseError::InvalidEnd)?
+        };
+
+        if start > end {
+            return Err(FormatRangeParseError::StartGreaterThanEnd(start, end));
+        }
+
+        Ok(FormatRange { start, end })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum FormatRangeParseError {
+    InvalidStart(LineColumnParseError),
+    InvalidEnd(LineColumnParseError),
+
+    StartGreaterThanEnd(LineColumn, LineColumn),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for FormatRangeParseError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let tip = "  tip:".bold().green();
+        match self {
+            FormatRangeParseError::StartGreaterThanEnd(start, end) => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "the start position '{start_invalid}' is greater than the end position '{end_invalid}'.\n  {tip} Try switching start and end: '{end}-{start}'",
+                    start_invalid=start.to_string().bold().yellow(),
+                    end_invalid=end.to_string().bold().yellow(),
+                    start=start.to_string().green().bold(),
+                    end=end.to_string().green().bold()
+                )
+            }
+            FormatRangeParseError::InvalidStart(inner) => inner.write(f, true),
+            FormatRangeParseError::InvalidEnd(inner) => inner.write(f, false),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for FormatRangeParseError {}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct LineColumn {
+    pub line: OneIndexed,
+    pub column: OneIndexed,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for LineColumn {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{line}:{column}", line = self.line, column = self.column)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for LineColumn {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        LineColumn {
+            line: OneIndexed::MIN,
+            column: OneIndexed::MIN,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for LineColumn {
+    #[inline]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for LineColumn {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.line
+            .cmp(&other.line)
+            .then(self.column.cmp(&other.column))
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for LineColumn {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.cmp(other) == Ordering::Equal
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for LineColumn {}
+
+impl FromStr for LineColumn {
+    type Err = LineColumnParseError;
+
+    fn from_str(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let (line, column) = value.split_once(':').unwrap_or((value, "1"));
+
+        let line: usize = line.parse().map_err(LineColumnParseError::LineParseError)?;
+        let column: usize = column
+            .parse()
+            .map_err(LineColumnParseError::ColumnParseError)?;
+
+        match (OneIndexed::new(line), OneIndexed::new(column)) {
+            (Some(line), Some(column)) => Ok(LineColumn { line, column }),
+            (Some(line), None) => Err(LineColumnParseError::ZeroColumnIndex { line }),
+            (None, Some(column)) => Err(LineColumnParseError::ZeroLineIndex { column }),
+            (None, None) => Err(LineColumnParseError::ZeroLineAndColumnIndex),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum LineColumnParseError {
+    ZeroLineIndex { column: OneIndexed },
+    ZeroColumnIndex { line: OneIndexed },
+    ZeroLineAndColumnIndex,
+    LineParseError(std::num::ParseIntError),
+    ColumnParseError(std::num::ParseIntError),
+}
+
+impl LineColumnParseError {
+    fn write(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter, start_range: bool) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let tip = "tip:".bold().green();
+
+        let range = if start_range { "start" } else { "end" };
+
+        match self {
+            LineColumnParseError::ColumnParseError(inner) => {
+                write!(f, "the {range}s column is not a valid number ({inner})'\n  {tip} The format is 'line:column'.")
+            }
+            LineColumnParseError::LineParseError(inner) => {
+                write!(f, "the {range} line is not a valid number ({inner})\n  {tip} The format is 'line:column'.")
+            }
+            LineColumnParseError::ZeroColumnIndex { line } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "the {range} column is 0, but it should be 1 or greater.\n  {tip} The column numbers start at 1.\n  {tip} Try {suggestion} instead.",
+                    suggestion=format!("{line}:1").green().bold()
+                )
+            }
+            LineColumnParseError::ZeroLineIndex { column } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "the {range} line is 0, but it should be 1 or greater.\n  {tip} The line numbers start at 1.\n  {tip} Try {suggestion} instead.",
+                    suggestion=format!("1:{column}").green().bold()
+                )
+            }
+            LineColumnParseError::ZeroLineAndColumnIndex => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "the {range} line and column are both 0, but they should be 1 or greater.\n  {tip} The line and column numbers start at 1.\n  {tip} Try {suggestion} instead.",
+                    suggestion="1:1".to_string().green().bold()
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Configuration overrides provided via dedicated CLI flags:
+/// `--line-length`, `--respect-gitignore`, etc.
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 #[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
-pub struct CliOverrides {
-    pub dummy_variable_rgx: Option<Regex>,
-    pub exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
-    pub extend_exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
-    pub extend_fixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub extend_ignore: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub extend_select: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub extend_unfixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub fixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub ignore: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub line_length: Option<LineLength>,
-    pub per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
-    pub extend_per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
-    pub preview: Option<PreviewMode>,
-    pub respect_gitignore: Option<bool>,
-    pub select: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
-    pub target_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
-    pub unfixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+struct ExplicitConfigOverrides {
+    dummy_variable_rgx: Option<Regex>,
+    exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
+    extend_exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
+    extend_fixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    extend_ignore: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    extend_select: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    extend_unfixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    fixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    ignore: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    line_length: Option<LineLength>,
+    per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
+    extend_per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
+    preview: Option<PreviewMode>,
+    respect_gitignore: Option<bool>,
+    select: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
+    target_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+    unfixable: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
     // TODO(charlie): Captured in pyproject.toml as a default, but not part of `Settings`.
-    pub cache_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
-    pub fix: Option<bool>,
-    pub fix_only: Option<bool>,
-    pub unsafe_fixes: Option<UnsafeFixes>,
-    pub force_exclude: Option<bool>,
-    pub output_format: Option<SerializationFormat>,
-    pub show_fixes: Option<bool>,
-    pub extension: Option<Vec<ExtensionPair>>,
+    cache_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    fix: Option<bool>,
+    fix_only: Option<bool>,
+    unsafe_fixes: Option<UnsafeFixes>,
+    force_exclude: Option<bool>,
+    output_format: Option<SerializationFormat>,
+    show_fixes: Option<bool>,
+    extension: Option<Vec<ExtensionPair>>,
 }
 
-impl ConfigurationTransformer for CliOverrides {
+impl ConfigurationTransformer for ExplicitConfigOverrides {
     fn transform(&self, mut config: Configuration) -> Configuration {
         if let Some(cache_dir) = &self.cache_dir {
             config.cache_dir = Some(cache_dir.clone());

crates/ruff/src/cache.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::hash::Hasher;
-use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufWriter, Write};
+use std::io::{self, BufReader, Write};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Mutex;
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use rayon::iter::ParallelIterator;
 use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelBridge};
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 
 use ruff_cache::{CacheKey, CacheKeyHasher};
 use ruff_diagnostics::{DiagnosticKind, Fix};
@@ -165,15 +166,29 @@ impl Cache {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        let file = File::create(&self.path)
-            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create cache file '{}'", self.path.display()))?;
-        let writer = BufWriter::new(file);
-        bincode::serialize_into(writer, &self.package).with_context(|| {
+        // Write the cache to a temporary file first and then rename it for an "atomic" write.
+        // Protects against data loss if the process is killed during the write and races between different ruff
+        // processes, resulting in a corrupted cache file. https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/8147#issuecomment-1943345964
+        let mut temp_file =
+            NamedTempFile::new_in(self.path.parent().expect("Write path must have a parent"))
+                .context("Failed to create temporary file")?;
+
+        // Serialize to in-memory buffer because hyperfine benchmark showed that it's faster than
+        // using a `BufWriter` and our cache files are small enough that streaming isn't necessary.
+        let serialized =
+            bincode::serialize(&self.package).context("Failed to serialize cache data")?;
+        temp_file
+            .write_all(&serialized)
+            .context("Failed to write serialized cache to temporary file.")?;
+
+        temp_file.persist(&self.path).with_context(|| {
             format!(
-                "Failed to serialise cache to file '{}'",
+                "Failed to rename temporary cache file to {}",
                 self.path.display()
             )
-        })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Applies the pending changes without storing the cache to disk.
@@ -1050,6 +1065,7 @@ mod tests {
                 &self.settings.formatter,
                 PySourceType::Python,
                 FormatMode::Write,
+                None,
                 Some(cache),
             )
         }

crates/ruff/src/commands/add_noqa.rs

@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ use ruff_linter::warn_user_once;
 use ruff_python_ast::{PySourceType, SourceType};
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{python_files_in_path, PyprojectConfig, ResolvedFile};
 
-use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 
 /// Add `noqa` directives to a collection of files.
 pub(crate) fn add_noqa(
     files: &[PathBuf],
     pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
 ) -> Result<usize> {
     // Collect all the files to check.
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, overrides)?;
+    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
     let duration = start.elapsed();
     debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
 

crates/ruff/src/commands/check.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use ruff_workspace::resolver::{
     match_exclusion, python_files_in_path, PyprojectConfig, ResolvedFile,
 };
 
-use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 use crate::cache::{Cache, PackageCacheMap, PackageCaches};
 use crate::diagnostics::Diagnostics;
 use crate::panic::catch_unwind;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use crate::panic::catch_unwind;
 pub(crate) fn check(
     files: &[PathBuf],
     pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
     cache: flags::Cache,
     noqa: flags::Noqa,
     fix_mode: flags::FixMode,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check(
 ) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
     // Collect all the Python files to check.
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, overrides)?;
+    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
     debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", start.elapsed());
 
     if paths.is_empty() {
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ mod test {
     use ruff_workspace::resolver::{PyprojectConfig, PyprojectDiscoveryStrategy};
     use ruff_workspace::Settings;
 
-    use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+    use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 
     use super::check;
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ mod test {
             // Notebooks are not included by default
             &[tempdir.path().to_path_buf(), notebook],
             &pyproject_config,
-            &CliOverrides::default(),
+            &ConfigArguments::default(),
             flags::Cache::Disabled,
             flags::Noqa::Disabled,
             flags::FixMode::Generate,

crates/ruff/src/commands/check_stdin.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use ruff_linter::packaging;
 use ruff_linter::settings::flags;
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{match_exclusion, python_file_at_path, PyprojectConfig, Resolver};
 
-use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 use crate::diagnostics::{lint_stdin, Diagnostics};
 use crate::stdin::{parrot_stdin, read_from_stdin};
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::stdin::{parrot_stdin, read_from_stdin};
 pub(crate) fn check_stdin(
     filename: Option<&Path>,
     pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    overrides: &ConfigArguments,
     noqa: flags::Noqa,
     fix_mode: flags::FixMode,
 ) -> Result<Diagnostics> {

crates/ruff/src/commands/format.rs

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ use ruff_linter::rules::flake8_quotes::settings::Quote;
 use ruff_linter::source_kind::{SourceError, SourceKind};
 use ruff_linter::warn_user_once;
 use ruff_python_ast::{PySourceType, SourceType};
-use ruff_python_formatter::{format_module_source, FormatModuleError, QuoteStyle};
+use ruff_python_formatter::{format_module_source, format_range, FormatModuleError, QuoteStyle};
+use ruff_source_file::LineIndex;
 use ruff_text_size::{TextLen, TextRange, TextSize};
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{match_exclusion, python_files_in_path, ResolvedFile, Resolver};
 use ruff_workspace::FormatterSettings;
 
-use crate::args::{CliOverrides, FormatArguments};
+use crate::args::{ConfigArguments, FormatArguments, FormatRange};
 use crate::cache::{Cache, FileCacheKey, PackageCacheMap, PackageCaches};
 use crate::panic::{catch_unwind, PanicError};
 use crate::resolve::resolve;
@@ -59,24 +60,30 @@ impl FormatMode {
 /// Format a set of files, and return the exit status.
 pub(crate) fn format(
     cli: FormatArguments,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
     log_level: LogLevel,
 ) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
     let pyproject_config = resolve(
         cli.isolated,
-        cli.config.as_deref(),
-        overrides,
+        config_arguments,
         cli.stdin_filename.as_deref(),
     )?;
     let mode = FormatMode::from_cli(&cli);
     let files = resolve_default_files(cli.files, false);
-    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(&files, &pyproject_config, overrides)?;
+    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(&files, &pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
 
     if paths.is_empty() {
         warn_user_once!("No Python files found under the given path(s)");
         return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
     }
 
+    if cli.range.is_some() && paths.len() > 1 {
+        return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+            "The `--range` option is only supported when formatting a single file but the specified paths resolve to {} files.",
+            paths.len()
+        ));
+    }
+
     warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(&resolver);
 
     // Discover the package root for each Python file.
@@ -139,7 +146,14 @@ pub(crate) fn format(
 
                     Some(
                         match catch_unwind(|| {
-                            format_path(path, &settings.formatter, source_type, mode, cache)
+                            format_path(
+                                path,
+                                &settings.formatter,
+                                source_type,
+                                mode,
+                                cli.range,
+                                cache,
+                            )
                         }) {
                             Ok(inner) => inner.map(|result| FormatPathResult {
                                 path: resolved_file.path().to_path_buf(),
@@ -226,6 +240,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_path(
     settings: &FormatterSettings,
     source_type: PySourceType,
     mode: FormatMode,
+    range: Option<FormatRange>,
     cache: Option<&Cache>,
 ) -> Result<FormatResult, FormatCommandError> {
     if let Some(cache) = cache {
@@ -250,8 +265,12 @@ pub(crate) fn format_path(
         }
     };
 
+    // Don't write back to the cache if formatting a range.
+    let cache = cache.filter(|_| range.is_none());
+
     // Format the source.
-    let format_result = match format_source(&unformatted, source_type, Some(path), settings)? {
+    let format_result = match format_source(&unformatted, source_type, Some(path), settings, range)?
+    {
         FormattedSource::Formatted(formatted) => match mode {
             FormatMode::Write => {
                 let mut writer = File::create(path).map_err(|err| {
@@ -319,12 +338,31 @@ pub(crate) fn format_source(
     source_type: PySourceType,
     path: Option<&Path>,
     settings: &FormatterSettings,
+    range: Option<FormatRange>,
 ) -> Result<FormattedSource, FormatCommandError> {
     match &source_kind {
         SourceKind::Python(unformatted) => {
             let options = settings.to_format_options(source_type, unformatted);
 
-            let formatted = format_module_source(unformatted, options).map_err(|err| {
+            let formatted = if let Some(range) = range {
+                let line_index = LineIndex::from_source_text(unformatted);
+                let byte_range = range.to_text_range(unformatted, &line_index);
+                format_range(unformatted, byte_range, options).map(|formatted_range| {
+                    let mut formatted = unformatted.to_string();
+                    formatted.replace_range(
+                        std::ops::Range::<usize>::from(formatted_range.source_range()),
+                        formatted_range.as_code(),
+                    );
+
+                    formatted
+                })
+            } else {
+                // Using `Printed::into_code` requires adding `ruff_formatter` as a direct dependency, and I suspect that Rust can optimize the closure away regardless.
+                #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
+                format_module_source(unformatted, options).map(|formatted| formatted.into_code())
+            };
+
+            let formatted = formatted.map_err(|err| {
                 if let FormatModuleError::ParseError(err) = err {
                     DisplayParseError::from_source_kind(
                         err,
@@ -337,7 +375,6 @@ pub(crate) fn format_source(
                 }
             })?;
 
-            let formatted = formatted.into_code();
             if formatted.len() == unformatted.len() && formatted == *unformatted {
                 Ok(FormattedSource::Unchanged)
             } else {
@@ -349,6 +386,12 @@ pub(crate) fn format_source(
                 return Ok(FormattedSource::Unchanged);
             }
 
+            if range.is_some() {
+                return Err(FormatCommandError::RangeFormatNotebook(
+                    path.map(Path::to_path_buf),
+                ));
+            }
+
             let options = settings.to_format_options(source_type, notebook.source_code());
 
             let mut output: Option<String> = None;
@@ -589,6 +632,7 @@ pub(crate) enum FormatCommandError {
     Format(Option<PathBuf>, FormatModuleError),
     Write(Option<PathBuf>, SourceError),
     Diff(Option<PathBuf>, io::Error),
+    RangeFormatNotebook(Option<PathBuf>),
 }
 
 impl FormatCommandError {
@@ -606,7 +650,8 @@ impl FormatCommandError {
             | Self::Read(path, _)
             | Self::Format(path, _)
             | Self::Write(path, _)
-            | Self::Diff(path, _) => path.as_deref(),
+            | Self::Diff(path, _)
+            | Self::RangeFormatNotebook(path) => path.as_deref(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -628,9 +673,10 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
                 } else {
                     write!(
                         f,
-                        "{} {}",
-                        "Encountered error:".bold(),
-                        err.io_error()
+                        "{header} {error}",
+                        header = "Encountered error:".bold(),
+                        error = err
+                            .io_error()
                             .map_or_else(|| err.to_string(), std::string::ToString::to_string)
                     )
                 }
@@ -648,7 +694,7 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
                         ":".bold()
                     )
                 } else {
-                    write!(f, "{}{} {err}", "Failed to read".bold(), ":".bold())
+                    write!(f, "{header} {err}", header = "Failed to read:".bold())
                 }
             }
             Self::Write(path, err) => {
@@ -661,7 +707,7 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
                         ":".bold()
                     )
                 } else {
-                    write!(f, "{}{} {err}", "Failed to write".bold(), ":".bold())
+                    write!(f, "{header} {err}", header = "Failed to write:".bold())
                 }
             }
             Self::Format(path, err) => {
@@ -674,7 +720,7 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
                         ":".bold()
                     )
                 } else {
-                    write!(f, "{}{} {err}", "Failed to format".bold(), ":".bold())
+                    write!(f, "{header} {err}", header = "Failed to format:".bold())
                 }
             }
             Self::Diff(path, err) => {
@@ -689,9 +735,25 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
                 } else {
                     write!(
                         f,
-                        "{}{} {err}",
-                        "Failed to generate diff".bold(),
-                        ":".bold()
+                        "{header} {err}",
+                        header = "Failed to generate diff:".bold(),
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            Self::RangeFormatNotebook(path) => {
+                if let Some(path) = path {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "{header}{path}{colon} Range formatting isn't supported for notebooks.",
+                        header = "Failed to format ".bold(),
+                        path = fs::relativize_path(path).bold(),
+                        colon = ":".bold()
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "{header} Range formatting isn't supported for notebooks",
+                        header = "Failed to format:".bold()
                     )
                 }
             }

crates/ruff/src/commands/format_stdin.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{PySourceType, SourceType};
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{match_exclusion, python_file_at_path, Resolver};
 use ruff_workspace::FormatterSettings;
 
-use crate::args::{CliOverrides, FormatArguments};
+use crate::args::{ConfigArguments, FormatArguments, FormatRange};
 use crate::commands::format::{
     format_source, warn_incompatible_formatter_settings, FormatCommandError, FormatMode,
     FormatResult, FormattedSource,
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ use crate::stdin::{parrot_stdin, read_from_stdin};
 use crate::ExitStatus;
 
 /// Run the formatter over a single file, read from `stdin`.
-pub(crate) fn format_stdin(cli: &FormatArguments, overrides: &CliOverrides) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
+pub(crate) fn format_stdin(
+    cli: &FormatArguments,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
+) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
     let pyproject_config = resolve(
         cli.isolated,
-        cli.config.as_deref(),
-        overrides,
+        config_arguments,
         cli.stdin_filename.as_deref(),
     )?;
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_stdin(cli: &FormatArguments, overrides: &CliOverrides) -> R
 
     if resolver.force_exclude() {
         if let Some(filename) = cli.stdin_filename.as_deref() {
-            if !python_file_at_path(filename, &mut resolver, overrides)? {
+            if !python_file_at_path(filename, &mut resolver, config_arguments)? {
                 if mode.is_write() {
                     parrot_stdin()?;
                 }
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_stdin(cli: &FormatArguments, overrides: &CliOverrides) -> R
     };
 
     // Format the file.
-    match format_source_code(path, settings, source_type, mode) {
+    match format_source_code(path, cli.range, settings, source_type, mode) {
         Ok(result) => match mode {
             FormatMode::Write => Ok(ExitStatus::Success),
             FormatMode::Check | FormatMode::Diff => {
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_stdin(cli: &FormatArguments, overrides: &CliOverrides) -> R
 /// Format source code read from `stdin`.
 fn format_source_code(
     path: Option<&Path>,
+    range: Option<FormatRange>,
     settings: &FormatterSettings,
     source_type: PySourceType,
     mode: FormatMode,
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ fn format_source_code(
     };
 
     // Format the source.
-    let formatted = format_source(&source_kind, source_type, path, settings)?;
+    let formatted = format_source(&source_kind, source_type, path, settings, range)?;
 
     match &formatted {
         FormattedSource::Formatted(formatted) => match mode {

crates/ruff/src/commands/show_files.rs

@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use ruff_linter::warn_user_once;
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{python_files_in_path, PyprojectConfig, ResolvedFile};
 
-use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 
 /// Show the list of files to be checked based on current settings.
 pub(crate) fn show_files(
     files: &[PathBuf],
     pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
     writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     // Collect all files in the hierarchy.
-    let (paths, _resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, overrides)?;
+    let (paths, _resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
 
     if paths.is_empty() {
         warn_user_once!("No Python files found under the given path(s)");

crates/ruff/src/commands/show_settings.rs

@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{python_files_in_path, PyprojectConfig, ResolvedFile};
 
-use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 
 /// Print the user-facing configuration settings.
 pub(crate) fn show_settings(
     files: &[PathBuf],
     pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
     writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     // Collect all files in the hierarchy.
-    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, overrides)?;
+    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(files, pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
 
     // Print the list of files.
     let Some(path) = paths
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ pub(crate) fn show_settings(
 
     let settings = resolver.resolve(&path);
 
-    writeln!(writer, "Resolved settings for: {path:?}")?;
+    writeln!(writer, "Resolved settings for: \"{}\"", path.display())?;
     if let Some(settings_path) = pyproject_config.path.as_ref() {
-        writeln!(writer, "Settings path: {settings_path:?}")?;
+        writeln!(writer, "Settings path: \"{}\"", settings_path.display())?;
     }
     write!(writer, "{settings}")?;
 

crates/ruff/src/lib.rs

@@ -204,24 +204,23 @@ pub fn run(
 }
 
 fn format(args: FormatCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
-    let (cli, overrides) = args.partition();
+    let (cli, config_arguments) = args.partition()?;
 
     if is_stdin(&cli.files, cli.stdin_filename.as_deref()) {
-        commands::format_stdin::format_stdin(&cli, &overrides)
+        commands::format_stdin::format_stdin(&cli, &config_arguments)
     } else {
-        commands::format::format(cli, &overrides, log_level)
+        commands::format::format(cli, &config_arguments, log_level)
     }
 }
 
 pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
-    let (cli, overrides) = args.partition();
+    let (cli, config_arguments) = args.partition()?;
 
     // Construct the "default" settings. These are used when no `pyproject.toml`
     // files are present, or files are injected from outside of the hierarchy.
     let pyproject_config = resolve::resolve(
         cli.isolated,
-        cli.config.as_deref(),
-        &overrides,
+        &config_arguments,
         cli.stdin_filename.as_deref(),
     )?;
 
@@ -239,11 +238,21 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
     let files = resolve_default_files(cli.files, is_stdin);
 
     if cli.show_settings {
-        commands::show_settings::show_settings(&files, &pyproject_config, &overrides, &mut writer)?;
+        commands::show_settings::show_settings(
+            &files,
+            &pyproject_config,
+            &config_arguments,
+            &mut writer,
+        )?;
         return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
     }
     if cli.show_files {
-        commands::show_files::show_files(&files, &pyproject_config, &overrides, &mut writer)?;
+        commands::show_files::show_files(
+            &files,
+            &pyproject_config,
+            &config_arguments,
+            &mut writer,
+        )?;
         return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
     }
 
@@ -302,7 +311,8 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
         if !fix_mode.is_generate() {
             warn_user!("--fix is incompatible with --add-noqa.");
         }
-        let modifications = commands::add_noqa::add_noqa(&files, &pyproject_config, &overrides)?;
+        let modifications =
+            commands::add_noqa::add_noqa(&files, &pyproject_config, &config_arguments)?;
         if modifications > 0 && log_level >= LogLevel::Default {
             let s = if modifications == 1 { "" } else { "s" };
             #[allow(clippy::print_stderr)]
@@ -321,7 +331,11 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
         printer_flags,
     );
 
-    let preview = overrides.preview.unwrap_or_default().is_enabled();
+    // the settings should already be combined with the CLI overrides at this point
+    // TODO(jane): let's make this `PreviewMode`
+    // TODO: this should reference the global preview mode once https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/8232
+    //   is resolved.
+    let preview = pyproject_config.settings.linter.preview.is_enabled();
 
     if cli.watch {
         if output_format != SerializationFormat::default(preview) {
@@ -348,7 +362,7 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
         let messages = commands::check::check(
             &files,
             &pyproject_config,
-            &overrides,
+            &config_arguments,
             cache.into(),
             noqa.into(),
             fix_mode,
@@ -370,8 +384,7 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
                     if matches!(change_kind, ChangeKind::Configuration) {
                         pyproject_config = resolve::resolve(
                             cli.isolated,
-                            cli.config.as_deref(),
-                            &overrides,
+                            &config_arguments,
                             cli.stdin_filename.as_deref(),
                         )?;
                     }
@@ -381,7 +394,7 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
                     let messages = commands::check::check(
                         &files,
                         &pyproject_config,
-                        &overrides,
+                        &config_arguments,
                         cache.into(),
                         noqa.into(),
                         fix_mode,
@@ -398,7 +411,7 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             commands::check_stdin::check_stdin(
                 cli.stdin_filename.map(fs::normalize_path).as_deref(),
                 &pyproject_config,
-                &overrides,
+                &config_arguments,
                 noqa.into(),
                 fix_mode,
             )?
@@ -406,7 +419,7 @@ pub fn check(args: CheckCommand, log_level: LogLevel) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             commands::check::check(
                 &files,
                 &pyproject_config,
-                &overrides,
+                &config_arguments,
                 cache.into(),
                 noqa.into(),
                 fix_mode,

crates/ruff/src/resolve.rs

@@ -11,19 +11,18 @@ use ruff_workspace::resolver::{
     Relativity,
 };
 
-use crate::args::CliOverrides;
+use crate::args::ConfigArguments;
 
 /// Resolve the relevant settings strategy and defaults for the current
 /// invocation.
 pub fn resolve(
     isolated: bool,
-    config: Option<&Path>,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
     stdin_filename: Option<&Path>,
 ) -> Result<PyprojectConfig> {
     // First priority: if we're running in isolated mode, use the default settings.
     if isolated {
-        let config = overrides.transform(Configuration::default());
+        let config = config_arguments.transform(Configuration::default());
         let settings = config.into_settings(&path_dedot::CWD)?;
         debug!("Isolated mode, not reading any pyproject.toml");
         return Ok(PyprojectConfig::new(
@@ -36,12 +35,13 @@ pub fn resolve(
     // Second priority: the user specified a `pyproject.toml` file. Use that
     // `pyproject.toml` for _all_ configuration, and resolve paths relative to the
     // current working directory. (This matches ESLint's behavior.)
-    if let Some(pyproject) = config
+    if let Some(pyproject) = config_arguments
+        .config_file()
         .map(|config| config.display().to_string())
         .map(|config| shellexpand::full(&config).map(|config| PathBuf::from(config.as_ref())))
         .transpose()?
     {
-        let settings = resolve_root_settings(&pyproject, Relativity::Cwd, overrides)?;
+        let settings = resolve_root_settings(&pyproject, Relativity::Cwd, config_arguments)?;
         debug!(
             "Using user-specified configuration file at: {}",
             pyproject.display()
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub fn resolve(
             "Using configuration file (via parent) at: {}",
             pyproject.display()
         );
-        let settings = resolve_root_settings(&pyproject, Relativity::Parent, overrides)?;
+        let settings = resolve_root_settings(&pyproject, Relativity::Parent, config_arguments)?;
         return Ok(PyprojectConfig::new(
             PyprojectDiscoveryStrategy::Hierarchical,
             settings,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn resolve(
             "Using configuration file (via cwd) at: {}",
             pyproject.display()
         );
-        let settings = resolve_root_settings(&pyproject, Relativity::Cwd, overrides)?;
+        let settings = resolve_root_settings(&pyproject, Relativity::Cwd, config_arguments)?;
         return Ok(PyprojectConfig::new(
             PyprojectDiscoveryStrategy::Hierarchical,
             settings,
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub fn resolve(
     // "closest" `pyproject.toml` file for every Python file later on, so these act
     // as the "default" settings.)
     debug!("Using Ruff default settings");
-    let config = overrides.transform(Configuration::default());
+    let config = config_arguments.transform(Configuration::default());
     let settings = config.into_settings(&path_dedot::CWD)?;
     Ok(PyprojectConfig::new(
         PyprojectDiscoveryStrategy::Hierarchical,

crates/ruff/tests/format.rs

@@ -90,6 +90,179 @@ fn format_warn_stdin_filename_with_files() {
     "###);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn nonexistent_config_file() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--config", "foo.toml", "."]), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'foo.toml' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    It looks like you were trying to pass a path to a configuration file.
+    The path `foo.toml` does not exist
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_override_rejected_if_invalid_toml() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--config", "foo = bar", "."]), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'foo = bar' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    The supplied argument is not valid TOML:
+
+    TOML parse error at line 1, column 7
+      |
+    1 | foo = bar
+      |       ^
+    invalid string
+    expected `"`, `'`
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn too_many_config_files() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_dot_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    let ruff2_dot_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff2.toml");
+    fs::File::create(&ruff_dot_toml)?;
+    fs::File::create(&ruff2_dot_toml)?;
+    let expected_stderr = format!(
+        "\
+ruff failed
+  Cause: You cannot specify more than one configuration file on the command line.
+
+  tip: remove either `--config={}` or `--config={}`.
+       For more information, try `--help`.
+
+",
+        ruff_dot_toml.display(),
+        ruff2_dot_toml.display(),
+    );
+    let cmd = Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .arg("format")
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_dot_toml)
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff2_dot_toml)
+        .arg(".")
+        .output()?;
+    let stderr = std::str::from_utf8(&cmd.stderr)?;
+    assert_eq!(stderr, expected_stderr);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_file_and_isolated() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_dot_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::File::create(&ruff_dot_toml)?;
+    let expected_stderr = format!(
+        "\
+ruff failed
+  Cause: The argument `--config={}` cannot be used with `--isolated`
+
+  tip: You cannot specify a configuration file and also specify `--isolated`,
+       as `--isolated` causes ruff to ignore all configuration files.
+       For more information, try `--help`.
+
+",
+        ruff_dot_toml.display(),
+    );
+    let cmd = Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .arg("format")
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_dot_toml)
+        .arg("--isolated")
+        .arg(".")
+        .output()?;
+    let stderr = std::str::from_utf8(&cmd.stderr)?;
+    assert_eq!(stderr, expected_stderr);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_override_via_cli() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(&ruff_toml, "line-length = 100")?;
+    let fixture = r#"
+def foo():
+    print("looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong string")
+
+    "#;
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .arg("format")
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_toml)
+        // This overrides the long line length set in the config file
+        .args(["--config", "line-length=80"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(fixture), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    def foo():
+        print(
+            "looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong string"
+        )
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_doubly_overridden_via_cli() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(&ruff_toml, "line-length = 70")?;
+    let fixture = r#"
+def foo():
+    print("looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong string")
+
+    "#;
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .arg("format")
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_toml)
+        // This overrides the long line length set in the config file...
+        .args(["--config", "line-length=80"])
+        // ...but this overrides them both:
+        .args(["--line-length", "100"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(fixture), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    def foo():
+        print("looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong string")
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn format_options() -> Result<()> {
     let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
@@ -508,11 +681,9 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
       - 'ignore' -> 'lint.ignore'
-
-
     "###);
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -551,11 +722,9 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
       - 'ignore' -> 'lint.ignore'
-
-
     "###);
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -1548,3 +1717,322 @@ include = ["*.ipy"]
     "###);
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn range_formatting() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=2:8-2:14"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    def foo(
+        arg1,
+        arg2,
+    ):
+        print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_formatting_unicode() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=2:21-3"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1="👋🏽" ): print("Format this" )
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    def foo(arg1="👋🏽" ):
+        print("Format this")
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_formatting_multiple_files() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let file1 = tempdir.path().join("file1.py");
+
+    fs::write(
+        &file1,
+        r#"
+def file1(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    let file2 = tempdir.path().join("file2.py");
+
+    fs::write(
+        &file2,
+        r#"
+def file2(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--range=1:8-1:15"])
+        .arg(file1)
+        .arg(file2),  @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    ruff failed
+      Cause: The `--range` option is only supported when formatting a single file but the specified paths resolve to 2 files.
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_formatting_out_of_bounds() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=100:40-200:1"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+        print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_start_larger_than_end() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=90-50"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value '90-50' for '--range <RANGE>': the start position '90:1' is greater than the end position '50:1'.
+        tip: Try switching start and end: '50:1-90:1'
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_line_numbers_only() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=2-3"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    def foo(
+        arg1,
+        arg2,
+    ):
+        print("Shouldn't format this" )
+
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_start_only() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=3"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Should format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+        print("Should format this")
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_end_only() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=-3"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Should format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    def foo(
+        arg1,
+        arg2,
+    ):
+        print("Should format this" )
+
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_missing_line() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=1-:20"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Should format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value '1-:20' for '--range <RANGE>': the end line is not a valid number (cannot parse integer from empty string)
+      tip: The format is 'line:column'.
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn zero_line_number() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=0:2"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Should format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value '0:2' for '--range <RANGE>': the start line is 0, but it should be 1 or greater.
+      tip: The line numbers start at 1.
+      tip: Try 1:2 instead.
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn column_and_line_zero() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--stdin-filename", "test.py", "--range=0:0"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+def foo(arg1, arg2,):
+    print("Should format this" )
+
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value '0:0' for '--range <RANGE>': the start line and column are both 0, but they should be 1 or greater.
+      tip: The line and column numbers start at 1.
+      tip: Try 1:1 instead.
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn range_formatting_notebook() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(["format", "--isolated", "--no-cache", "--stdin-filename", "main.ipynb", "--range=1-2"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "ad6f36d9-4b7d-4562-8d00-f15a0f1fbb6d",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "x=1"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.12.0"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: Failed to format main.ipynb: Range formatting isn't supported for notebooks.
+    "###);
+}

crates/ruff/tests/integration_test.rs

@@ -755,6 +755,35 @@ fn full_output_preview() {
     "###);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn full_output_preview_config() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let pyproject_toml = tempdir.path().join("pyproject.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &pyproject_toml,
+        r#"
+[tool.ruff]
+preview = true
+"#,
+    )?;
+    let mut cmd = RuffCheck::default().config(&pyproject_toml).build();
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(cmd.pass_stdin("l = 1"), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    -:1:1: E741 Ambiguous variable name: `l`
+      |
+    1 | l = 1
+      | ^ E741
+      |
+
+    Found 1 error.
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn full_output_format() {
     let mut cmd = RuffCheck::default().output_format("full").build();

crates/ruff/tests/lint.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #![cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
 
+use regex::escape;
 use std::fs;
 use std::process::Command;
 use std::str;
@@ -13,6 +14,10 @@ use tempfile::TempDir;
 const BIN_NAME: &str = "ruff";
 const STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS: &[&str] = &["--no-cache", "--output-format", "concise"];
 
+fn tempdir_filter(tempdir: &TempDir) -> String {
+    format!(r"{}\\?/?", escape(tempdir.path().to_str().unwrap()))
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn top_level_options() -> Result<()> {
     let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
@@ -27,29 +32,32 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
-    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
-        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
-        .arg("--config")
-        .arg(&ruff_toml)
-        .args(["--stdin-filename", "test.py"])
-        .arg("-")
-        .pass_stdin(r#"a = "abcba".strip("aba")"#), @r###"
-    success: false
-    exit_code: 1
-    ----- stdout -----
-    test.py:1:5: Q000 [*] Double quotes found but single quotes preferred
-    test.py:1:5: B005 Using `.strip()` with multi-character strings is misleading
-    test.py:1:19: Q000 [*] Double quotes found but single quotes preferred
-    Found 3 errors.
-    [*] 2 fixable with the `--fix` option.
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
+        assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+            .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+            .arg("--config")
+            .arg(&ruff_toml)
+            .args(["--stdin-filename", "test.py"])
+            .arg("-")
+            .pass_stdin(r#"a = "abcba".strip("aba")"#), @r###"
+        success: false
+        exit_code: 1
+        ----- stdout -----
+        test.py:1:5: Q000 [*] Double quotes found but single quotes preferred
+        test.py:1:5: B005 Using `.strip()` with multi-character strings is misleading
+        test.py:1:19: Q000 [*] Double quotes found but single quotes preferred
+        Found 3 errors.
+        [*] 2 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
-    ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
-      - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
-      - 'flake8-quotes' -> 'lint.flake8-quotes'
+        ----- stderr -----
+        warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `[TMP]/ruff.toml`:
+          - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
+          - 'flake8-quotes' -> 'lint.flake8-quotes'
+        "###);
+    });
 
-
-    "###);
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -68,6 +76,9 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
         .arg("--config")
@@ -85,6 +96,8 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 
     ----- stderr -----
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -103,6 +116,9 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
         .arg("--config")
@@ -119,11 +135,11 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
     [*] 2 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `[TMP]/ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -146,6 +162,9 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
         .arg("--config")
@@ -162,11 +181,11 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
     [*] 2 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `[TMP]/ruff.toml`:
       - 'flake8-quotes' -> 'lint.flake8-quotes'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -222,6 +241,9 @@ OTHER = "OTHER"
 
     fs::write(out_dir.join("a.py"), r#"a = "a""#)?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .current_dir(tempdir.path())
         .arg("check")
@@ -241,11 +263,11 @@ OTHER = "OTHER"
     [*] 3 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -266,6 +288,9 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .current_dir(tempdir.path())
         .arg("check")
@@ -288,11 +313,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     [*] 2 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +336,9 @@ max-line-length = 100
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
         .arg("--config")
@@ -330,12 +358,12 @@ _ = "---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Found 1 error.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `[TMP]/ruff.toml`:
       - 'select' -> 'lint.select'
       - 'pycodestyle' -> 'lint.pycodestyle'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -353,6 +381,9 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .current_dir(tempdir.path())
         .arg("check")
@@ -377,11 +408,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     [*] 1 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -399,6 +430,9 @@ inline-quotes = "single"
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .current_dir(tempdir.path())
         .arg("check")
@@ -423,11 +457,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     [*] 1 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `ruff.toml`:
       - 'extend-select' -> 'lint.extend-select'
-
-
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -456,6 +490,9 @@ ignore = ["D203", "D212"]
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .current_dir(sub_dir)
         .arg("check")
@@ -468,9 +505,346 @@ ignore = ["D203", "D212"]
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: No Python files found under the given path(s)
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn nonexistent_config_file() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .args(["--config", "foo.toml", "."]), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'foo.toml' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    It looks like you were trying to pass a path to a configuration file.
+    The path `foo.toml` does not exist
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_override_rejected_if_invalid_toml() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .args(["--config", "foo = bar", "."]), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'foo = bar' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    The supplied argument is not valid TOML:
+
+    TOML parse error at line 1, column 7
+      |
+    1 | foo = bar
+      |       ^
+    invalid string
+    expected `"`, `'`
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn too_many_config_files() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_dot_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    let ruff2_dot_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff2.toml");
+    fs::File::create(&ruff_dot_toml)?;
+    fs::File::create(&ruff2_dot_toml)?;
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_dot_toml)
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff2_dot_toml)
+        .arg("."), @r###"
+        success: false
+        exit_code: 2
+        ----- stdout -----
+
+        ----- stderr -----
+        ruff failed
+          Cause: You cannot specify more than one configuration file on the command line.
+
+          tip: remove either `--config=[TMP]/ruff.toml` or `--config=[TMP]/ruff2.toml`.
+               For more information, try `--help`.
+
+        "###);
+    });
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_file_and_isolated() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_dot_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::File::create(&ruff_dot_toml)?;
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_dot_toml)
+        .arg("--isolated")
+        .arg("."), @r###"
+        success: false
+        exit_code: 2
+        ----- stdout -----
+
+        ----- stderr -----
+        ruff failed
+          Cause: The argument `--config=[TMP]/ruff.toml` cannot be used with `--isolated`
+
+          tip: You cannot specify a configuration file and also specify `--isolated`,
+               as `--isolated` causes ruff to ignore all configuration files.
+               For more information, try `--help`.
+
+        "###);
+    });
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_override_via_cli() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &ruff_toml,
+        r#"
+line-length = 100
+
+[lint]
+select = ["I"]
+
+[lint.isort]
+combine-as-imports = true
+        "#,
+    )?;
+    let fixture = r#"
+from foo import (
+    aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,
+    bbbbbbbbbbb as bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,
+    cccccccccccccccc,
+    ddddddddddd as ddddddddddddd,
+    eeeeeeeeeeeeeee,
+    ffffffffffff as ffffffffffffff,
+    ggggggggggggg,
+    hhhhhhh as hhhhhhhhhhh,
+    iiiiiiiiiiiiii,
+    jjjjjjjjjjjjj as jjjjjj,
+)
+
+x = "longer_than_90_charactersssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss"
+"#;
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_toml)
+        .args(["--config", "line-length=90"])
+        .args(["--config", "lint.extend-select=['E501', 'F841']"])
+        .args(["--config", "lint.isort.combine-as-imports = false"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(fixture), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    -:2:1: I001 [*] Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+    -:15:91: E501 Line too long (97 > 90)
+    Found 2 errors.
+    [*] 1 fixable with the `--fix` option.
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn valid_toml_but_nonexistent_option_provided_via_config_argument() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .args([".", "--config", "extend-select=['F481']"]),  // No such code as F481!
+        @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'extend-select=['F481']' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    Could not parse the supplied argument as a `ruff.toml` configuration option:
+
+    Unknown rule selector: `F481`
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn each_toml_option_requires_a_new_flag_1() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        // commas can't be used to delimit different config overrides;
+        // you need a new --config flag for each override
+        .args([".", "--config", "extend-select=['F841'], line-length=90"]),
+        @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'extend-select=['F841'], line-length=90' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    The supplied argument is not valid TOML:
+
+    TOML parse error at line 1, column 23
+      |
+    1 | extend-select=['F841'], line-length=90
+      |                       ^
+    expected newline, `#`
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn each_toml_option_requires_a_new_flag_2() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        // spaces *also* can't be used to delimit different config overrides;
+        // you need a new --config flag for each override
+        .args([".", "--config", "extend-select=['F841'] line-length=90"]),
+        @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: invalid value 'extend-select=['F841'] line-length=90' for '--config <CONFIG_OPTION>'
+
+      tip: A `--config` flag must either be a path to a `.toml` configuration file
+           or a TOML `<KEY> = <VALUE>` pair overriding a specific configuration
+           option
+
+    The supplied argument is not valid TOML:
+
+    TOML parse error at line 1, column 24
+      |
+    1 | extend-select=['F841'] line-length=90
+      |                        ^
+    expected newline, `#`
+
+    For more information, try '--help'.
+    "###);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_doubly_overridden_via_cli() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &ruff_toml,
+        r#"
+line-length = 100
+
+[lint]
+select=["E501"]
+"#,
+    )?;
+    let fixture = "x = 'longer_than_90_charactersssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss'";
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        // The --line-length flag takes priority over both the config file
+        // and the `--config="line-length=110"` flag,
+        // despite them both being specified after this flag on the command line:
+        .args(["--line-length", "90"])
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_toml)
+        .args(["--config", "line-length=110"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(fixture), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    -:1:91: E501 Line too long (97 > 90)
+    Found 1 error.
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn complex_config_setting_overridden_via_cli() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(&ruff_toml, "lint.select = ['N801']")?;
+    let fixture = "class violates_n801: pass";
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .arg("--config")
+        .arg(&ruff_toml)
+        .args(["--config", "lint.per-file-ignores = {'generated.py' = ['N801']}"])
+        .args(["--stdin-filename", "generated.py"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(fixture), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deprecated_config_option_overridden_via_cli() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .args(["--config", "select=['N801']", "-"])
+        .pass_stdin("class lowercase: ..."),
+        @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    -:1:7: N801 Class name `lowercase` should use CapWords convention 
+    Found 1 error.
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your `--config` CLI arguments:
+      - 'select' -> 'lint.select'
+    "###);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn extension() -> Result<()> {
     let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
@@ -524,6 +898,9 @@ include = ["*.ipy"]
 "#,
     )?;
 
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![(tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/")]
+    }, {
     assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
         .current_dir(tempdir.path())
         .arg("check")
@@ -540,5 +917,7 @@ include = ["*.ipy"]
 
     ----- stderr -----
     "###);
+    });
+
     Ok(())
 }

crates/ruff/tests/resolve_files.rs

@@ -39,10 +39,8 @@ fn check_project_include_defaults() {
         [BASEPATH]/include-test/subdirectory/c.py
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in your configuration:
+        warning: The top-level linter settings are deprecated in favour of their counterparts in the `lint` section. Please update the following options in `nested-project/pyproject.toml`:
           - 'select' -> 'lint.select'
-
-
         "###);
     });
 }

crates/ruff/tests/show_settings.rs

@@ -4,25 +4,29 @@ use std::process::Command;
 
 const BIN_NAME: &str = "ruff";
 
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
-const TEST_FILTERS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
-    ("\"[^\\*\"]*/pyproject.toml", "\"[BASEPATH]/pyproject.toml"),
-    ("\".*/crates", "\"[BASEPATH]/crates"),
-    ("\".*/\\.ruff_cache", "\"[BASEPATH]/.ruff_cache"),
-    ("\".*/ruff\"", "\"[BASEPATH]\""),
-];
-#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-const TEST_FILTERS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
-    (r#""[^\*"]*\\pyproject.toml"#, "\"[BASEPATH]/pyproject.toml"),
-    (r#"".*\\crates"#, "\"[BASEPATH]/crates"),
-    (r#"".*\\\.ruff_cache"#, "\"[BASEPATH]/.ruff_cache"),
-    (r#"".*\\ruff""#, "\"[BASEPATH]\""),
-    (r#"\\+(\w\w|\s|")"#, "/$1"),
-];
-
 #[test]
 fn display_default_settings() {
-    insta::with_settings!({ filters => TEST_FILTERS.to_vec() }, {
+    // Navigate from the crate directory to the workspace root.
+    let base_path = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .parent()
+        .unwrap()
+        .parent()
+        .unwrap();
+    let base_path = base_path.to_string_lossy();
+
+    // Escape the backslashes for the regex.
+    let base_path = regex::escape(&base_path);
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+    let test_filters = &[(base_path.as_ref(), "[BASEPATH]")];
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    let test_filters = &[
+        (base_path.as_ref(), "[BASEPATH]"),
+        (r#"\\+(\w\w|\s|\.|")"#, "/$1"),
+    ];
+
+    insta::with_settings!({ filters => test_filters.to_vec() }, {
         assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
             .args(["check", "--show-settings", "unformatted.py"]).current_dir(Path::new("./resources/test/fixtures")));
     });

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/integration_test__explain_status_codes_f401.snap

@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@ import cycles. They also increase the cognitive load of reading the code.
 If an import statement is used to check for the availability or existence
 of a module, consider using `importlib.util.find_spec` instead.
 
+If an import statement is used to re-export a symbol as part of a module's
+public interface, consider using a "redundant" import alias, which
+instructs Ruff (and other tools) to respect the re-export, and avoid
+marking it as unused, as in:
+
+```python
+from module import member as member
+```
+
 ## Example
 ```python
 import numpy as np  # unused import
@@ -51,11 +60,12 @@ else:
 ```
 
 ## Options
-- `lint.pyflakes.extend-generics`
+- `lint.ignore-init-module-imports`
 
 ## References
 - [Python documentation: `import`](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement)
 - [Python documentation: `importlib.util.find_spec`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.util.find_spec)
+- [Typing documentation: interface conventions](https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/source/libraries.html#library-interface-public-and-private-symbols)
 
 ----- stderr -----
 

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/show_settings__display_default_settings.snap

@@ -205,7 +205,9 @@ linter.external = []
 linter.ignore_init_module_imports = false
 linter.logger_objects = []
 linter.namespace_packages = []
-linter.src = ["[BASEPATH]"]
+linter.src = [
+	"[BASEPATH]",
+]
 linter.tab_size = 4
 linter.line_length = 88
 linter.task_tags = [

crates/ruff_benchmark/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ license = { workspace = true }
 
 [lib]
 bench = false
+doctest = false
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "linter"

crates/ruff_dev/src/format_dev.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
 use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
 use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 
-use ruff::args::{CliOverrides, FormatArguments, FormatCommand, LogLevelArgs};
+use ruff::args::{ConfigArguments, FormatArguments, FormatCommand, LogLevelArgs};
 use ruff::resolve::resolve;
 use ruff_formatter::{FormatError, LineWidth, PrintError};
 use ruff_linter::logging::LogLevel;
@@ -38,24 +38,23 @@ use ruff_python_formatter::{
 use ruff_python_parser::ParseError;
 use ruff_workspace::resolver::{python_files_in_path, PyprojectConfig, ResolvedFile, Resolver};
 
-fn parse_cli(dirs: &[PathBuf]) -> anyhow::Result<(FormatArguments, CliOverrides)> {
+fn parse_cli(dirs: &[PathBuf]) -> anyhow::Result<(FormatArguments, ConfigArguments)> {
     let args_matches = FormatCommand::command()
         .no_binary_name(true)
         .get_matches_from(dirs);
     let arguments: FormatCommand = FormatCommand::from_arg_matches(&args_matches)?;
-    let (cli, overrides) = arguments.partition();
-    Ok((cli, overrides))
+    let (cli, config_arguments) = arguments.partition()?;
+    Ok((cli, config_arguments))
 }
 
 /// Find the [`PyprojectConfig`] to use for formatting.
 fn find_pyproject_config(
     cli: &FormatArguments,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<PyprojectConfig> {
     let mut pyproject_config = resolve(
         cli.isolated,
-        cli.config.as_deref(),
-        overrides,
+        config_arguments,
         cli.stdin_filename.as_deref(),
     )?;
     // We don't want to format pyproject.toml
@@ -72,9 +71,9 @@ fn find_pyproject_config(
 fn ruff_check_paths<'a>(
     pyproject_config: &'a PyprojectConfig,
     cli: &FormatArguments,
-    overrides: &CliOverrides,
+    config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<(Vec<Result<ResolvedFile, ignore::Error>>, Resolver<'a>)> {
-    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(&cli.files, pyproject_config, overrides)?;
+    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(&cli.files, pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
     Ok((paths, resolver))
 }
 

crates/ruff_diagnostics/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ repository = { workspace = true }
 license = { workspace = true }
 
 [lib]
+doctest = false
 
 [dependencies]
 ruff_text_size = { path = "../ruff_text_size" }

crates/ruff_formatter/src/builders.rs

@@ -308,11 +308,8 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for Token {
 /// assert_eq!(printed.as_code(), r#""Hello 'Ruff'""#);
 /// assert_eq!(printed.sourcemap(), [
 ///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(0), dest: TextSize::new(0) },
-///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(0), dest: TextSize::new(7) },
 ///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(8), dest: TextSize::new(7) },
-///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(8), dest: TextSize::new(13) },
 ///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(14), dest: TextSize::new(13) },
-///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(14), dest: TextSize::new(14) },
 ///     SourceMarker { source: TextSize::new(20), dest: TextSize::new(14) },
 /// ]);
 ///
@@ -340,18 +337,18 @@ impl<Context> Format<Context> for SourcePosition {
     }
 }
 
-/// Creates a text from a dynamic string with its optional start-position in the source document.
+/// Creates a text from a dynamic string.
+///
 /// This is done by allocating a new string internally.
-pub fn text(text: &str, position: Option<TextSize>) -> Text {
+pub fn text(text: &str) -> Text {
     debug_assert_no_newlines(text);
 
-    Text { text, position }
+    Text { text }
 }
 
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Text<'a> {
     text: &'a str,
-    position: Option<TextSize>,
 }
 
 impl<Context> Format<Context> for Text<'_>
@@ -359,10 +356,6 @@ where
     Context: FormatContext,
 {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Context>) -> FormatResult<()> {
-        if let Some(position) = self.position {
-            source_position(position).fmt(f)?;
-        }
-
         f.write_element(FormatElement::Text {
             text: self.text.to_string().into_boxed_str(),
             text_width: TextWidth::from_text(self.text, f.options().indent_width()),
@@ -2292,7 +2285,7 @@ impl<Context, T> std::fmt::Debug for FormatWith<Context, T> {
 ///                 let mut join = f.join_with(&separator);
 ///
 ///                 for item in &self.items {
-///                     join.entry(&format_with(|f| write!(f, [text(item, None)])));
+///                     join.entry(&format_with(|f| write!(f, [text(item)])));
 ///                 }
 ///                 join.finish()
 ///             })),
@@ -2377,7 +2370,7 @@ where
 /// let mut count = 0;
 ///
 /// let value = format_once(|f| {
-///     write!(f, [text(&std::format!("Formatted {count}."), None)])
+///     write!(f, [text(&std::format!("Formatted {count}."))])
 /// });
 ///
 /// format!(SimpleFormatContext::default(), [value]).expect("Formatting once works fine");

crates/ruff_formatter/src/format_element/document.rs

@@ -346,10 +346,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                 }
 
                 FormatElement::SourcePosition(position) => {
-                    write!(
-                        f,
-                        [text(&std::format!("source_position({position:?})"), None)]
-                    )?;
+                    write!(f, [text(&std::format!("source_position({position:?})"))])?;
                 }
 
                 FormatElement::LineSuffixBoundary => {
@@ -360,7 +357,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                     write!(f, [token("best_fitting(")])?;
 
                     if *mode != BestFittingMode::FirstLine {
-                        write!(f, [text(&std::format!("mode: {mode:?}, "), None)])?;
+                        write!(f, [text(&std::format!("mode: {mode:?}, "))])?;
                     }
 
                     write!(f, [token("[")])?;
@@ -392,17 +389,14 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                             write!(
                                 f,
                                 [
-                                    text(&std::format!("<interned {index}>"), None),
+                                    text(&std::format!("<interned {index}>")),
                                     space(),
                                     &&**interned,
                                 ]
                             )?;
                         }
                         Some(reference) => {
-                            write!(
-                                f,
-                                [text(&std::format!("<ref interned *{reference}>"), None)]
-                            )?;
+                            write!(f, [text(&std::format!("<ref interned *{reference}>"))])?;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -421,7 +415,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                                     f,
                                     [
                                         token("<END_TAG_WITHOUT_START<"),
-                                        text(&std::format!("{:?}", tag.kind()), None),
+                                        text(&std::format!("{:?}", tag.kind())),
                                         token(">>"),
                                     ]
                                 )?;
@@ -436,9 +430,9 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                                         token(")"),
                                         soft_line_break_or_space(),
                                         token("ERROR<START_END_TAG_MISMATCH<start: "),
-                                        text(&std::format!("{start_kind:?}"), None),
+                                        text(&std::format!("{start_kind:?}")),
                                         token(", end: "),
-                                        text(&std::format!("{:?}", tag.kind()), None),
+                                        text(&std::format!("{:?}", tag.kind())),
                                         token(">>")
                                     ]
                                 )?;
@@ -470,7 +464,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                                 f,
                                 [
                                     token("align("),
-                                    text(&count.to_string(), None),
+                                    text(&count.to_string()),
                                     token(","),
                                     space(),
                                 ]
@@ -482,7 +476,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                                 f,
                                 [
                                     token("line_suffix("),
-                                    text(&std::format!("{reserved_width:?}"), None),
+                                    text(&std::format!("{reserved_width:?}")),
                                     token(","),
                                     space(),
                                 ]
@@ -499,11 +493,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                             if let Some(group_id) = group.id() {
                                 write!(
                                     f,
-                                    [
-                                        text(&std::format!("\"{group_id:?}\""), None),
-                                        token(","),
-                                        space(),
-                                    ]
+                                    [text(&std::format!("\"{group_id:?}\"")), token(","), space(),]
                                 )?;
                             }
 
@@ -524,11 +514,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                             if let Some(group_id) = id {
                                 write!(
                                     f,
-                                    [
-                                        text(&std::format!("\"{group_id:?}\""), None),
-                                        token(","),
-                                        space(),
-                                    ]
+                                    [text(&std::format!("\"{group_id:?}\"")), token(","), space(),]
                                 )?;
                             }
                         }
@@ -561,7 +547,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                                 f,
                                 [
                                     token("indent_if_group_breaks("),
-                                    text(&std::format!("\"{id:?}\""), None),
+                                    text(&std::format!("\"{id:?}\"")),
                                     token(","),
                                     space(),
                                 ]
@@ -581,11 +567,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                             if let Some(group_id) = condition.group_id {
                                 write!(
                                     f,
-                                    [
-                                        text(&std::format!("\"{group_id:?}\""), None),
-                                        token(","),
-                                        space(),
-                                    ]
+                                    [text(&std::format!("\"{group_id:?}\"")), token(","), space()]
                                 )?;
                             }
                         }
@@ -595,7 +577,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                                 f,
                                 [
                                     token("label("),
-                                    text(&std::format!("\"{label_id:?}\""), None),
+                                    text(&std::format!("\"{label_id:?}\"")),
                                     token(","),
                                     space(),
                                 ]
@@ -664,7 +646,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for &[FormatElement] {
                     ContentArrayEnd,
                     token(")"),
                     soft_line_break_or_space(),
-                    text(&std::format!("<START_WITHOUT_END<{top:?}>>"), None),
+                    text(&std::format!("<START_WITHOUT_END<{top:?}>>")),
                 ]
             )?;
         }
@@ -807,7 +789,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for Condition {
                 f,
                 [
                     token("if_group_fits_on_line("),
-                    text(&std::format!("\"{id:?}\""), None),
+                    text(&std::format!("\"{id:?}\"")),
                     token(")")
                 ]
             ),
@@ -816,7 +798,7 @@ impl Format<IrFormatContext<'_>> for Condition {
                 f,
                 [
                     token("if_group_breaks("),
-                    text(&std::format!("\"{id:?}\""), None),
+                    text(&std::format!("\"{id:?}\"")),
                     token(")")
                 ]
             ),

crates/ruff_formatter/src/format_element/tag.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-use crate::format_element::PrintMode;
-use crate::{GroupId, TextSize};
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::num::NonZeroU8;
 
+use crate::format_element::PrintMode;
+use crate::{GroupId, TextSize};
+
 /// A Tag marking the start and end of some content to which some special formatting should be applied.
 ///
 /// Tags always come in pairs of a start and an end tag and the styling defined by this tag
@@ -99,6 +100,10 @@ pub enum Tag {
 }
 
 impl Tag {
+    pub const fn align(count: NonZeroU8) -> Tag {
+        Tag::StartAlign(Align(count))
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if `self` is any start tag.
     pub const fn is_start(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(

crates/ruff_formatter/src/format_extensions.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub trait MemoizeFormat<Context> {
     ///         let value = self.value.get();
     ///         self.value.set(value + 1);
     ///
-    ///         write!(f, [text(&std::format!("Formatted {value} times."), None)])
+    ///         write!(f, [text(&std::format!("Formatted {value} times."))])
     ///     }
     /// }
     ///
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ where
     ///         write!(f, [
     ///             token("Count:"),
     ///             space(),
-    ///             text(&std::format!("{current}"), None),
+    ///             text(&std::format!("{current}")),
     ///             hard_line_break()
     ///         ])?;
     ///

crates/ruff_formatter/src/lib.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU8, TryFromIntError};
 
 use crate::format_element::document::Document;
-use crate::printer::{Printer, PrinterOptions, SourceMapGeneration};
+use crate::printer::{Printer, PrinterOptions};
 pub use arguments::{Argument, Arguments};
 pub use buffer::{
     Buffer, BufferExtensions, BufferSnapshot, Inspect, RemoveSoftLinesBuffer, VecBuffer,
@@ -269,7 +269,6 @@ impl FormatOptions for SimpleFormatOptions {
             line_width: self.line_width,
             indent_style: self.indent_style,
             indent_width: self.indent_width,
-            source_map_generation: SourceMapGeneration::Enabled,
             ..PrinterOptions::default()
         }
     }
@@ -433,28 +432,40 @@ impl Printed {
         std::mem::take(&mut self.verbatim_ranges)
     }
 
-    /// Slices the formatted code to the sub-slices that covers the passed `source_range`.
+    /// Slices the formatted code to the sub-slices that covers the passed `source_range` in `source`.
     ///
     /// The implementation uses the source map generated during formatting to find the closest range
     /// in the formatted document that covers `source_range` or more. The returned slice
     /// matches the `source_range` exactly (except indent, see below) if the formatter emits [`FormatElement::SourcePosition`] for
     /// the range's offsets.
     ///
+    /// ## Indentation
+    /// The indentation before `source_range.start` is replaced with the indentation returned by the formatter
+    /// to fix up incorrectly intended code.
+    ///
     /// Returns the entire document if the source map is empty.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If `source_range` points to offsets that are not in the bounds of `source`.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn slice_range(self, source_range: TextRange) -> PrintedRange {
+    pub fn slice_range(self, source_range: TextRange, source: &str) -> PrintedRange {
         let mut start_marker: Option<SourceMarker> = None;
         let mut end_marker: Option<SourceMarker> = None;
 
         // Note: The printer can generate multiple source map entries for the same source position.
         // For example if you have:
+        // * token("a + b")
         // * `source_position(276)`
-        // * `token("def")`
-        // * `token("foo")`
-        // * `source_position(284)`
-        // The printer uses the source position 276 for both the tokens `def` and `foo` because that's the only position it knows of.
+        // * `token(")")`
+        // * `source_position(276)`
+        // *  `hard_line_break`
+        // The printer uses the source position 276 for both the tokens `)` and the `\n` because
+        // there were multiple `source_position` entries in the IR with the same offset.
+        // This can happen if multiple nodes start or end at the same position. A common example
+        // for this are expressions and expression statement that always end at the same offset.
         //
-        // Warning: Source markers are often emitted sorted by their source position but it's not guaranteed.
+        // Warning: Source markers are often emitted sorted by their source position but it's not guaranteed
+        // and depends on the emitted `IR`.
         // They are only guaranteed to be sorted in increasing order by their destination position.
         for marker in self.sourcemap {
             // Take the closest start marker, but skip over start_markers that have the same start.
@@ -471,17 +482,44 @@ impl Printed {
             }
         }
 
-        let start = start_marker.map(|marker| marker.dest).unwrap_or_default();
-        let end = end_marker.map_or_else(|| self.code.text_len(), |marker| marker.dest);
-        let code_range = TextRange::new(start, end);
+        let (source_start, formatted_start) = start_marker
+            .map(|marker| (marker.source, marker.dest))
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let (source_end, formatted_end) = end_marker
+            .map_or((source.text_len(), self.code.text_len()), |marker| {
+                (marker.source, marker.dest)
+            });
+
+        let source_range = TextRange::new(source_start, source_end);
+        let formatted_range = TextRange::new(formatted_start, formatted_end);
+
+        // Extend both ranges to include the indentation
+        let source_range = extend_range_to_include_indent(source_range, source);
+        let formatted_range = extend_range_to_include_indent(formatted_range, &self.code);
 
         PrintedRange {
-            code: self.code[code_range].to_string(),
+            code: self.code[formatted_range].to_string(),
             source_range,
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// Extends `range` backwards (by reducing `range.start`) to include any directly preceding whitespace (`\t` or ` `).
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// If `range.start` is out of `source`'s bounds.
+fn extend_range_to_include_indent(range: TextRange, source: &str) -> TextRange {
+    let whitespace_len: TextSize = source[..usize::from(range.start())]
+        .chars()
+        .rev()
+        .take_while(|c| matches!(c, ' ' | '\t'))
+        .map(TextLen::text_len)
+        .sum();
+
+    TextRange::new(range.start() - whitespace_len, range.end())
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
@@ -537,7 +575,7 @@ pub type FormatResult<F> = Result<F, FormatError>;
 /// impl Format<SimpleFormatContext> for Paragraph {
 ///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<SimpleFormatContext>) -> FormatResult<()> {
 ///         write!(f, [
-///             text(&self.0, None),
+///             text(&self.0),
 ///             hard_line_break(),
 ///         ])
 ///     }

crates/ruff_formatter/src/printer/line_suffixes.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ impl<'a> LineSuffixes<'a> {
     /// Takes all the pending line suffixes.
     pub(super) fn take_pending<'l>(
         &'l mut self,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = LineSuffixEntry<'a>> + DoubleEndedIterator + 'l + ExactSizeIterator
-    {
+    ) -> impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = LineSuffixEntry<'a>> + 'l + ExactSizeIterator {
         self.suffixes.drain(..)
     }
 

crates/ruff_formatter/src/printer/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use drop_bomb::DebugDropBomb;
 use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthChar;
 
 pub use printer_options::*;
-use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextLen, TextSize};
+use ruff_text_size::{TextLen, TextSize};
 
 use crate::format_element::document::Document;
 use crate::format_element::tag::{Condition, GroupMode};
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
             }
         }
 
+        // Push any pending marker
+        self.push_marker();
+
         Ok(Printed::new(
             self.state.buffer,
             None,
@@ -97,42 +100,38 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
         let args = stack.top();
 
         match element {
-            FormatElement::Space => self.print_text(Text::Token(" "), None),
-            FormatElement::Token { text } => self.print_text(Text::Token(text), None),
-            FormatElement::Text { text, text_width } => self.print_text(
-                Text::Text {
-                    text,
-                    text_width: *text_width,
-                },
-                None,
-            ),
+            FormatElement::Space => self.print_text(Text::Token(" ")),
+            FormatElement::Token { text } => self.print_text(Text::Token(text)),
+            FormatElement::Text { text, text_width } => self.print_text(Text::Text {
+                text,
+                text_width: *text_width,
+            }),
             FormatElement::SourceCodeSlice { slice, text_width } => {
                 let text = slice.text(self.source_code);
-                self.print_text(
-                    Text::Text {
-                        text,
-                        text_width: *text_width,
-                    },
-                    Some(slice.range()),
-                );
+                self.print_text(Text::Text {
+                    text,
+                    text_width: *text_width,
+                });
             }
             FormatElement::Line(line_mode) => {
                 if args.mode().is_flat()
                     && matches!(line_mode, LineMode::Soft | LineMode::SoftOrSpace)
                 {
                     if line_mode == &LineMode::SoftOrSpace {
-                        self.print_text(Text::Token(" "), None);
+                        self.print_text(Text::Token(" "));
                     }
                 } else if self.state.line_suffixes.has_pending() {
                     self.flush_line_suffixes(queue, stack, Some(element));
                 } else {
                     // Only print a newline if the current line isn't already empty
                     if self.state.line_width > 0 {
+                        self.push_marker();
                         self.print_char('\n');
                     }
 
                     // Print a second line break if this is an empty line
                     if line_mode == &LineMode::Empty {
+                        self.push_marker();
                         self.print_char('\n');
                     }
 
@@ -145,14 +144,11 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
             }
 
             FormatElement::SourcePosition(position) => {
-                self.state.source_position = *position;
                 // The printer defers printing indents until the next text
                 // is printed. Pushing the marker now would mean that the
                 // mapped range includes the indent range, which we don't want.
-                // Only add a marker if we're not in an indented context, e.g. at the end of the file.
-                if self.state.pending_indent.is_empty() {
-                    self.push_marker();
-                }
+                // Queue the source map position and emit it when printing the next character
+                self.state.pending_source_position = Some(*position);
             }
 
             FormatElement::LineSuffixBoundary => {
@@ -444,7 +440,7 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
         Ok(print_mode)
     }
 
-    fn print_text(&mut self, text: Text, source_range: Option<TextRange>) {
+    fn print_text(&mut self, text: Text) {
         if !self.state.pending_indent.is_empty() {
             let (indent_char, repeat_count) = match self.options.indent_style() {
                 IndentStyle::Tab => ('\t', 1),
@@ -467,19 +463,6 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
             }
         }
 
-        // Insert source map markers before and after the token
-        //
-        // If the token has source position information the start marker
-        // will use the start position of the original token, and the end
-        // marker will use that position + the text length of the token
-        //
-        // If the token has no source position (was created by the formatter)
-        // both the start and end marker will use the last known position
-        // in the input source (from state.source_position)
-        if let Some(range) = source_range {
-            self.state.source_position = range.start();
-        }
-
         self.push_marker();
 
         match text {
@@ -502,21 +485,15 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        if let Some(range) = source_range {
-            self.state.source_position = range.end();
-        }
-
-        self.push_marker();
     }
 
     fn push_marker(&mut self) {
-        if self.options.source_map_generation.is_disabled() {
+        let Some(source_position) = self.state.pending_source_position.take() else {
             return;
-        }
+        };
 
         let marker = SourceMarker {
-            source: self.state.source_position,
+            source: source_position,
             dest: self.state.buffer.text_len(),
         };
 
@@ -897,7 +874,7 @@ enum FillPairLayout {
 struct PrinterState<'a> {
     buffer: String,
     source_markers: Vec<SourceMarker>,
-    source_position: TextSize,
+    pending_source_position: Option<TextSize>,
     pending_indent: Indention,
     measured_group_fits: bool,
     line_width: u32,
@@ -1752,7 +1729,7 @@ a",
         let result = format_with_options(
             &format_args![
                 token("function main() {"),
-                block_indent(&text("let x = `This is a multiline\nstring`;", None)),
+                block_indent(&text("let x = `This is a multiline\nstring`;")),
                 token("}"),
                 hard_line_break()
             ],
@@ -1769,7 +1746,7 @@ a",
     fn it_breaks_a_group_if_a_string_contains_a_newline() {
         let result = format(&FormatArrayElements {
             items: vec![
-                &text("`This is a string spanning\ntwo lines`", None),
+                &text("`This is a string spanning\ntwo lines`"),
                 &token("\"b\""),
             ],
         });

crates/ruff_formatter/src/printer/printer_options/mod.rs

@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ pub struct PrinterOptions {
 
     /// The type of line ending to apply to the printed input
     pub line_ending: LineEnding,
-
-    /// Whether the printer should build a source map that allows mapping positions in the source document
-    /// to positions in the formatted document.
-    pub source_map_generation: SourceMapGeneration,
 }
 
 impl<'a, O> From<&'a O> for PrinterOptions

crates/ruff_index/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ repository = { workspace = true }
 license = { workspace = true }
 
 [lib]
+doctest = false
 
 [dependencies]
 ruff_macros = { path = "../ruff_macros" }

crates/ruff_linter/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_linter"
-version = "0.1.15"
+version = "0.2.1"
 publish = false
 authors = { workspace = true }
 edition = { workspace = true }

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_bandit/S308.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
+
+
+def some_func():
+    return mark_safe('<script>alert("evil!")</script>')
+
+
+@mark_safe
+def some_func():
+    return '<script>alert("evil!")</script>'
+
+
+from django.utils.html import mark_safe
+
+
+def some_func():
+    return mark_safe('<script>alert("evil!")</script>')
+
+
+@mark_safe
+def some_func():
+    return '<script>alert("evil!")</script>'

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C403.py

@@ -13,3 +13,11 @@ s = f"{set([f(x) for x in 'ab'])}"
 
 s = f"{ set([x for x in 'ab']) | set([x for x in 'ab']) }"
 s = f"{set([x for x in 'ab']) | set([x for x in 'ab'])}"
+
+s = set(  # comment
+    [x for x in range(3)]
+)
+
+s = set([  # comment
+    x for x in range(3)
+])

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C408.py

@@ -20,3 +20,10 @@ f"{dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')}"
 f"{ dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') }"
 f"a {dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')} b"
 f"a { dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') } b"
+
+dict(
+    # comment
+)
+
+tuple(  # comment
+)

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C409.py

@@ -8,3 +8,11 @@ t4 = tuple([
 t5 = tuple(
     (1, 2)
 )
+
+tuple(  # comment
+    [1, 2]
+)
+
+tuple([  # comment
+    1, 2
+])

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C410.py

@@ -2,3 +2,12 @@ l1 = list([1, 2])
 l2 = list((1, 2))
 l3 = list([])
 l4 = list(())
+
+
+list(  # comment
+    [1, 2]
+)
+
+list([  # comment
+    1, 2
+])

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pie/PIE790.py

@@ -207,3 +207,23 @@ class Repro:
     def stub(self) -> str:
         """Docstring"""
         ...
+
+
+class Repro(Protocol[int]):
+    def func(self) -> str:
+        """Docstring"""
+        ...
+
+    def impl(self) -> str:
+        """Docstring"""
+        return self.func()
+
+
+class Repro[int](Protocol):
+    def func(self) -> str:
+        """Docstring"""
+        ...
+
+    def impl(self) -> str:
+        """Docstring"""
+        return self.func()

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pyi/PYI049.py

@@ -11,13 +11,25 @@ class _UnusedTypedDict2(typing.TypedDict):
 
 
 class _UsedTypedDict(TypedDict):
-   foo: bytes
+    foo: bytes
 
 
 class _CustomClass(_UsedTypedDict):
     bar: list[int]
 
+
 _UnusedTypedDict3 = TypedDict("_UnusedTypedDict3", {"foo": int})
 _UsedTypedDict3 = TypedDict("_UsedTypedDict3", {"bar": bytes})
 
+
 def uses_UsedTypedDict3(arg: _UsedTypedDict3) -> None: ...
+
+
+# In `.py` files, we don't flag unused definitions in class scopes (unlike in `.pyi`
+# files).
+class _CustomClass3:
+    class _UnusedTypeDict4(TypedDict):
+        pass
+
+    def method(self) -> None:
+        _CustomClass3._UnusedTypeDict4()

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pyi/PYI049.pyi

@@ -35,3 +35,13 @@ _UnusedTypedDict3 = TypedDict("_UnusedTypedDict3", {"foo": int})
 _UsedTypedDict3 = TypedDict("_UsedTypedDict3", {"bar": bytes})
 
 def uses_UsedTypedDict3(arg: _UsedTypedDict3) -> None: ...
+
+
+# In `.pyi` files, we flag unused definitions in class scopes as well as in the global
+# scope (unlike in `.py` files).
+class _CustomClass3:
+    class _UnusedTypeDict4(TypedDict):
+        pass
+
+    def method(self) -> None:
+        _CustomClass3._UnusedTypeDict4()

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_return/RET505.py

@@ -198,3 +198,43 @@ else:
 def sb(self):
     if self._sb is not None: return self._sb
     else: self._sb = '\033[01;%dm'; self._sa = '\033[0;0m';
+
+
+def indent(x, y, w, z):
+    if x:  # [no-else-return]
+        a = 1
+        return y
+    else:
+
+        c = 3
+        return z
+
+
+def indent(x, y, w, z):
+    if x:  # [no-else-return]
+        a = 1
+        return y
+    else:
+        # comment
+        c = 3
+        return z
+
+
+def indent(x, y, w, z):
+    if x:  # [no-else-return]
+        a = 1
+        return y
+    else:
+          # comment
+        c = 3
+        return z
+
+
+def indent(x, y, w, z):
+    if x:  # [no-else-return]
+        a = 1
+        return y
+    else:
+  # comment
+        c = 3
+        return z

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_trio/TRIO100.py

@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
 import trio
 
 
-async def foo():
+async def func():
     with trio.fail_after():
         ...
 
-async def foo():
+
+async def func():
     with trio.fail_at():
         await ...
 
-async def foo():
+
+async def func():
     with trio.move_on_after():
         ...
 
-async def foo():
+
+async def func():
     with trio.move_at():
         await ...
+
+
+async def func():
+    with trio.move_at():
+        async with trio.open_nursery() as nursery:
+            ...

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/numpy/NPY002.py

@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ numpy.random.seed()
 numpy.random.get_state()
 numpy.random.set_state()
 numpy.random.rand()
+numpy.random.ranf()
+numpy.random.sample()
 numpy.random.randn()
 numpy.random.randint()
+numpy.random.random()
 numpy.random.random_integers()
 numpy.random.random_sample()
 numpy.random.choice()
@@ -35,7 +38,6 @@ numpy.random.exponential()
 numpy.random.f()
 numpy.random.gamma()
 numpy.random.geometric()
-numpy.random.get_state()
 numpy.random.gumbel()
 numpy.random.hypergeometric()
 numpy.random.laplace()

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/perflint/PERF101.py

@@ -36,35 +36,47 @@ for i in list( # Comment
 ):  # PERF101
     pass
 
-for i in list(foo_dict):  # Ok
+for i in list(foo_dict):  # OK
     pass
 
-for i in list(1):  # Ok
+for i in list(1):  # OK
     pass
 
-for i in list(foo_int):  # Ok
+for i in list(foo_int):  # OK
     pass
 
 
 import itertools
 
-for i in itertools.product(foo_int):  # Ok
+for i in itertools.product(foo_int):  # OK
     pass
 
-for i in list(foo_list):  # Ok
+for i in list(foo_list):  # OK
     foo_list.append(i + 1)
 
 for i in list(foo_list):  # PERF101
     # Make sure we match the correct list
     other_list.append(i + 1)
 
-for i in list(foo_tuple):  # Ok
+for i in list(foo_tuple):  # OK
     foo_tuple.append(i + 1)
 
-for i in list(foo_set):  # Ok
+for i in list(foo_set):  # OK
     foo_set.append(i + 1)
 
 x, y, nested_tuple = (1, 2, (3, 4, 5))
 
 for i in list(nested_tuple):  # PERF101
     pass
+
+for i in list(foo_list):  # OK
+    if True:
+        foo_list.append(i + 1)
+
+for i in list(foo_list):  # OK
+    if True:
+        foo_list[i] = i + 1
+
+for i in list(foo_list):  # OK
+    if True:
+        del foo_list[i + 1]

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/E30.py

@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+"""Fixtures for the errors E301, E302, E303, E304, E305 and E306.
+Since these errors are about new lines, each test starts with either "No error" or "# E30X".
+Each test's end is signaled by a "# end" line.
+There should be no E30X error outside of a test's bound.
+"""
+
+
+# No error
+class Class:
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+class Class:
+    """Docstring"""
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+def func():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+# comment
+class Class:
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+# comment
+def func():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def foo():
+    pass
+
+
+def bar():
+    pass
+
+
+class Foo(object):
+    pass
+
+
+class Bar(object):
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+class Class(object):
+
+    def func1():
+        pass
+
+    def func2():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+class Class(object):
+
+    def func1():
+        pass
+
+# comment
+    def func2():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+class Class:
+
+    def func1():
+        pass
+
+    # comment
+    def func2():
+        pass
+
+    # This is a
+    # ... multi-line comment
+
+    def func3():
+        pass
+
+
+# This is a
+# ... multi-line comment
+
+@decorator
+class Class:
+
+    def func1():
+        pass
+
+    # comment
+
+    def func2():
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def func3():
+        pass
+
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+try:
+    from nonexistent import Bar
+except ImportError:
+    class Bar(object):
+        """This is a Bar replacement"""
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+def with_feature(f):
+    """Some decorator"""
+    wrapper = f
+    if has_this_feature(f):
+        def wrapper(*args):
+            call_feature(args[0])
+            return f(*args)
+    return wrapper
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+try:
+    next
+except NameError:
+    def next(iterator, default):
+        for item in iterator:
+            return item
+        return default
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+def fn():
+    pass
+
+
+class Foo():
+    """Class Foo"""
+
+    def fn():
+
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# No error
+# comment
+def c():
+    pass
+
+
+# comment
+
+
+def d():
+    pass
+
+# This is a
+# ... multi-line comment
+
+# And this one is
+# ... a second paragraph
+# ... which spans on 3 lines
+
+
+# Function `e` is below
+# NOTE: Hey this is a testcase
+
+def e():
+    pass
+
+
+def fn():
+    print()
+
+    # comment
+
+    print()
+
+    print()
+
+# Comment 1
+
+# Comment 2
+
+
+# Comment 3
+
+def fn2():
+
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    foo()
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+defaults = {}
+defaults.update({})
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def foo(x):
+    classification = x
+    definitely = not classification
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def bar(): pass
+def baz(): pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def foo():
+    def bar(): pass
+    def baz(): pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+from typing import overload
+from typing import Union
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+@overload
+def f(x: int) -> int: ...
+@overload
+def f(x: str) -> str: ...
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def f(x: Union[int, str]) -> Union[int, str]:
+    return x
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+from typing import Protocol
+
+
+class C(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def f(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def g(self) -> str: ...
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def f(
+    a,
+):
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+if True:
+    class Class:
+        """Docstring"""
+
+        def function(self):
+            ...
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+if True:
+    def function(self):
+        ...
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+@decorator
+# comment
+@decorator
+def function():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+class Class:
+    def method(self):
+        if True:
+            def function():
+                pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+@decorator
+async def function(data: None) -> None:
+    ...
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+class Class:
+    def method():
+        """docstring"""
+        # comment
+        def function():
+            pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+try:
+    if True:
+        # comment
+        class Class:
+            pass
+
+except:
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def f():
+    def f():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+class MyClass:
+    # comment
+    def method(self) -> None:
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def function1():
+    # Comment
+    def function2():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+async def function1():
+    await function2()
+    async with function3():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+if (
+    cond1
+
+
+
+
+    and cond2
+):
+    pass
+#end
+
+
+# no error
+async def function1():
+  await function2()
+  async with function3():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+async def function1():
+	await function2()
+	async with function3():
+		pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+async def function1():
+	await function2()
+    async with function3():
+    	pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+class Test:
+    async
+
+    def a(self): pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+class Test:
+    def a():
+        pass
+# wrongly indented comment
+
+    def b():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# no error
+def test():
+    pass
+  
+  # Wrongly indented comment
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E301
+class Class(object):
+
+    def func1():
+        pass
+    def func2():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E301
+class Class:
+
+    def fn1():
+        pass
+    # comment
+    def fn2():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+"""Main module."""
+def fn():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+import sys
+def get_sys_path():
+    return sys.path
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+def a():
+    pass
+
+def b():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+def a():
+    pass
+
+# comment
+
+def b():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+def a():
+    pass
+
+async def b():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+async  def x():
+    pass
+
+async  def x(y: int = 1):
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+def bar():
+    pass
+def baz(): pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+def bar(): pass
+def baz():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+def f():
+    pass
+
+# comment
+@decorator
+def g():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E302
+class Test:
+	
+	pass
+	
+	def method1():
+		return 1
+		
+		
+	def method2():
+		return 22
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+def fn():
+    _ = None
+
+
+    # arbitrary comment
+
+    def inner():  # E306 not expected (pycodestyle detects E306)
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+def fn():
+    _ = None
+
+
+    # arbitrary comment
+    def inner():  # E306 not expected (pycodestyle detects E306)
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+print()
+
+
+
+print()
+# end
+
+
+# E303:5:1
+print()
+
+
+
+# comment
+
+print()
+# end
+
+
+# E303:5:5 E303:8:5
+def a():
+    print()
+
+
+    # comment
+
+
+    # another comment
+
+    print()
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+#!python
+
+
+
+"""This class docstring comes on line 5.
+It gives error E303: too many blank lines (3)
+"""
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+class Class:
+    def a(self):
+        pass
+
+
+    def b(self):
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+if True:
+    a = 1
+
+
+    a = 2
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+class Test:
+
+
+    # comment
+
+
+    # another comment
+
+    def test(self): pass
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+class Test:
+    def a(self):
+        pass
+
+# wrongly indented comment
+
+
+    def b(self):
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E303
+def fn():
+    pass
+
+ 
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E304
+@decorator
+
+def function():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E304
+@decorator
+
+# comment    E304 not expected
+def function():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E304
+@decorator
+
+# comment  E304 not expected
+
+
+# second comment  E304 not expected
+def function():
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E305:7:1
+def fn():
+    print()
+
+    # comment
+
+    # another comment
+fn()
+# end
+
+
+# E305
+class Class():
+    pass
+
+    # comment
+
+    # another comment
+a = 1
+# end
+
+
+# E305:8:1
+def fn():
+    print()
+
+    # comment
+
+    # another comment
+
+try:
+    fn()
+except Exception:
+    pass
+# end
+
+
+# E305:5:1
+def a():
+    print()
+
+# Two spaces before comments, too.
+if a():
+    a()
+# end
+
+
+#: E305:8:1
+# Example from https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle/issues/400
+import stuff
+
+
+def main():
+    blah, blah
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
+# end
+
+
+# E306:3:5
+def a():
+    x = 1
+    def b():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+#: E306:3:5
+async def a():
+    x = 1
+    def b():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+#: E306:3:5 E306:5:9
+def a():
+    x = 2
+    def b():
+        x = 1
+        def c():
+            pass
+# end
+
+
+# E306:3:5 E306:6:5
+def a():
+    x = 1
+    class C:
+        pass
+    x = 2
+    def b():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E306
+def foo():
+    def bar():
+        pass
+    def baz(): pass
+# end
+
+
+# E306:3:5
+def foo():
+    def bar(): pass
+    def baz():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E306
+def a():
+    x = 2
+    @decorator
+    def b():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E306
+def a():
+    x = 2
+    @decorator
+    async def b():
+        pass
+# end
+
+
+# E306
+def a():
+    x = 2
+    async def b():
+        pass
+# end

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/W291.py

@@ -1,2 +1,15 @@
 '''trailing whitespace 
 inside a multiline string'''
+
+f'''trailing whitespace 
+inside a multiline f-string'''
+
+# Trailing whitespace after `{`
+f'abc { 
+    1 + 2
+}'
+
+# Trailing whitespace after `2`
+f'abc {
+    1 + 2 
+}'

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/sections.py

@@ -562,3 +562,46 @@ def titlecase_sub_section_header():
 
         Returns:
     """
+
+
+def test_method_should_be_correctly_capitalized(parameters: list[str], other_parameters: dict[str, str]): # noqa: D213
+    """Test parameters and attributes sections are capitalized correctly.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    parameters:
+        A list of string parameters
+    other_parameters:
+        A dictionary of string attributes
+
+    Other Parameters
+    ----------
+    other_parameters:
+        A dictionary of string attributes
+    parameters:
+        A list of string parameters
+
+    """
+
+
+def test_lowercase_sub_section_header_should_be_valid(parameters: list[str], value: int):  # noqa: D213
+    """Test that lower case subsection header is valid even if it has the same name as section kind.
+
+    Parameters:
+    ----------
+    parameters:
+        A list of string parameters
+    value:
+        Some value
+    """
+
+
+def test_lowercase_sub_section_header_different_kind(returns: int):
+   """Test that lower case subsection header is valid even if it is of a different kind.
+
+   Parameters
+   -‐-----------------
+   returns:
+       some value
+
+   """

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/literal_membership.py

@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@
 1 in (
     1, 2, 3
 )
-
-# OK
 fruits = ["cherry", "grapes"]
 "cherry" in fruits
+_ = {key: value for key, value in {"a": 1, "b": 2}.items() if key in ("a", "b")}
+
+# OK
+fruits in [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+fruits in [1, 2, 3]
+1 in [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+_ = {key: value for key, value in {"a": 1, "b": 2}.items() if key in (["a", "b"], ["c", "d"])}

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/magic_value_comparison.py

@@ -35,6 +35,15 @@ if argc != 0:  # correct
 if argc != 1:  # correct
     pass
 
+if argc != -1.0:  # correct
+    pass
+
+if argc != 0.0:  # correct
+    pass
+
+if argc != 1.0:  # correct
+    pass
+
 if argc != 2:  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
@@ -44,6 +53,12 @@ if argc != -2:  # [magic-value-comparison]
 if argc != +2:  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
+if argc != -2.0:  # [magic-value-comparison]
+    pass
+
+if argc != +2.0:  # [magic-value-comparison]
+    pass
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":  # correct
     pass
 

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/unnecessary_dunder_call.py

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ class Thing:
     def do_thing(self, item):
         return object.__getattribute__(self, item)  # PLC2801
 
+    def use_descriptor(self, item):
+        item.__get__(self, type(self))  # OK
+        item.__set__(self, 1)  # OK
+        item.__delete__(self)  # OK
+
 
 blah = lambda: {"a": 1}.__delitem__("a")  # OK
 

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP036_0.py

@@ -215,3 +215,13 @@ if sys.version_info[:2] > (3,13):
 
 if sys.version_info[:3] > (3,13):
     print("py3")
+
+if sys.version_info > (3,0):
+    f"this is\
+    allowed too"
+
+    f"""the indentation on
+    this line is significant"""
+
+    "this is\
+    allowed too"

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP040.py

@@ -46,3 +46,8 @@ x: typing.TypeAlias = list[T]
 # OK
 x: TypeAlias
 x: int = 1
+
+# Ensure that "T" appears only once  in the type parameters for the modernized
+# type alias.
+T = typing.TypeVar["T"]
+Decorator: TypeAlias = typing.Callable[[T], T]

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/refurb/FURB129.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import codecs
+import io
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Errors
+with open("FURB129.py") as f:
+    for _line in f.readlines():
+        pass
+    a = [line.lower() for line in f.readlines()]
+    b = {line.upper() for line in f.readlines()}
+    c = {line.lower(): line.upper() for line in f.readlines()}
+
+with Path("FURB129.py").open() as f:
+    for _line in f.readlines():
+        pass
+
+for _line in open("FURB129.py").readlines():
+    pass
+
+for _line in Path("FURB129.py").open().readlines():
+    pass
+
+
+def func():
+    f = Path("FURB129.py").open()
+    for _line in f.readlines():
+        pass
+    f.close()
+
+
+def func(f: io.BytesIO):
+    for _line in f.readlines():
+        pass
+
+
+def func():
+    with (open("FURB129.py") as f, foo as bar):
+        for _line in f.readlines():
+            pass
+        for _line in bar.readlines():
+            pass
+
+
+# False positives
+def func(f):
+    for _line in f.readlines():
+        pass
+
+
+def func(f: codecs.StreamReader):
+    for _line in f.readlines():
+        pass
+
+
+def func():
+    class A:
+        def readlines(self) -> list[str]:
+            return ["a", "b", "c"]
+
+    return A()
+
+
+for _line in func().readlines():
+    pass
+
+# OK
+for _line in ["a", "b", "c"]:
+    pass
+with open("FURB129.py") as f:
+    for _line in f:
+        pass
+    for _line in f.readlines(10):
+        pass
+    for _not_line in f.readline():
+        pass

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF006.py

@@ -162,3 +162,26 @@ async def f(x: bool):
         T = asyncio.create_task(asyncio.sleep(1))
     else:
         T = None
+
+
+# Error
+def f():
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    loop.create_task(main()) # Error
+
+# Error
+def f():
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    loop.create_task(main()) # Error
+
+# OK
+def f():
+    global task
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    task = loop.create_task(main()) # Error
+
+# OK
+def f():
+    global task
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    task = loop.create_task(main()) # Error

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF022.py

@@ -250,6 +250,23 @@ __all__ = (
     ,
 )
 
+__all__ = (  # comment about the opening paren
+    # multiline strange comment 0a
+    # multiline strange comment 0b
+    "foo"  # inline comment about foo
+    # multiline strange comment 1a
+    # multiline strange comment 1b
+    ,  # comment about the comma??
+    # comment about bar part a
+    # comment about bar part b
+    "bar"  # inline comment about bar
+    # strange multiline comment comment 2a
+    # strange multiline comment 2b
+    ,
+    # strange multiline comment 3a
+    # strange multiline comment 3b
+)  # comment about the closing paren
+
 ###################################
 # These should all not get flagged:
 ###################################

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF023.py

@@ -188,6 +188,10 @@ class BezierBuilder4:
         ,
     )
 
+    __slots__ = {"foo", "bar",
+                 "baz", "bingo"
+                 }
+
 ###################################
 # These should all not get flagged:
 ###################################

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF027_0.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+val = 2
+
+"always ignore this: {val}"
+
+print("but don't ignore this: {val}")  # RUF027
+
+
+def simple_cases():
+    a = 4
+    b = "{a}"  # RUF027
+    c = "{a} {b} f'{val}' "  # RUF027
+
+
+def escaped_string():
+    a = 4
+    b = "escaped string: {{ brackets surround me }}"  # RUF027
+
+
+def raw_string():
+    a = 4
+    b = r"raw string with formatting: {a}"  # RUF027
+    c = r"raw string with \backslashes\ and \"escaped quotes\": {a}"  # RUF027
+
+
+def print_name(name: str):
+    a = 4
+    print("Hello, {name}!")  # RUF027
+    print("The test value we're using today is {a}")  # RUF027
+
+
+def nested_funcs():
+    a = 4
+    print(do_nothing(do_nothing("{a}")))  # RUF027
+
+
+def tripled_quoted():
+    a = 4
+    c = a
+    single_line = """ {a} """  # RUF027
+    # RUF027
+    multi_line = a = """b { # comment
+    c}  d
+    """
+
+
+def single_quoted_multi_line():
+    a = 4
+    # RUF027
+    b = " {\
+    a} \
+    "
+
+
+def implicit_concat():
+    a = 4
+    b = "{a}" "+" "{b}" r" \\ "  # RUF027 for the first part only
+    print(f"{a}" "{a}" f"{b}")  # RUF027
+
+
+def escaped_chars():
+    a = 4
+    b = "\"not escaped:\" '{a}' \"escaped:\": '{{c}}'"  # RUF027
+
+
+def method_calls():
+    value = {}
+    value.method = print_name
+    first = "Wendy"
+    last = "Appleseed"
+    value.method("{first} {last}")  # RUF027

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF027_1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+def do_nothing(a):
+    return a
+
+
+def alternative_formatter(src, **kwargs):
+    src.format(**kwargs)
+
+
+def format2(src, *args):
+    pass
+
+
+# These should not cause an RUF027 message
+def negative_cases():
+    a = 4
+    positive = False
+    """{a}"""
+    "don't format: {a}"
+    c = """  {b} """
+    d = "bad variable: {invalid}"
+    e = "incorrect syntax: {}"
+    f = "uses a builtin: {max}"
+    json = "{ positive: false }"
+    json2 = "{ 'positive': false }"
+    json3 = "{ 'positive': 'false' }"
+    alternative_formatter("{a}", a=5)
+    formatted = "{a}".fmt(a=7)
+    print(do_nothing("{a}".format(a=3)))
+    print(do_nothing(alternative_formatter("{a}", a=5)))
+    print(format(do_nothing("{a}"), a=5))
+    print("{a}".to_upper())
+    print(do_nothing("{a}").format(a="Test"))
+    print(do_nothing("{a}").format2(a))
+    print(("{a}" "{c}").format(a=1, c=2))
+    print("{a}".attribute.chaining.call(a=2))
+    print("{a} {c}".format(a))

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/comprehension.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ use ruff_python_ast::Comprehension;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::codes::Rule;
-use crate::rules::flake8_simplify;
+use crate::rules::{flake8_simplify, refurb};
 
 /// Run lint rules over a [`Comprehension`] syntax nodes.
 pub(crate) fn comprehension(comprehension: &Comprehension, checker: &mut Checker) {
     if checker.enabled(Rule::InDictKeys) {
         flake8_simplify::rules::key_in_dict_comprehension(checker, comprehension);
     }
+    if checker.enabled(Rule::ReadlinesInFor) {
+        refurb::rules::readlines_in_comprehension(checker, comprehension);
+    }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/deferred_scopes.rs

@@ -281,17 +281,21 @@ pub(crate) fn deferred_scopes(checker: &mut Checker) {
             }
         }
 
-        if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateTypeVar) {
-            flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_type_var(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
-        }
-        if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateProtocol) {
-            flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_protocol(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
-        }
-        if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateTypeAlias) {
-            flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_type_alias(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
-        }
-        if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateTypedDict) {
-            flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_typed_dict(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
+        if checker.source_type.is_stub()
+            || matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Module | ScopeKind::Function(_))
+        {
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateTypeVar) {
+                flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_type_var(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
+            }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateProtocol) {
+                flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_protocol(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
+            }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateTypeAlias) {
+                flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_type_alias(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
+            }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::UnusedPrivateTypedDict) {
+                flake8_pyi::rules::unused_private_typed_dict(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
+            }
         }
 
         if checker.enabled(Rule::AsyncioDanglingTask) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/definitions.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use ruff_python_ast::str::raw_contents_range;
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
 
-use ruff_python_semantic::{BindingKind, ContextualizedDefinition, Export};
+use ruff_python_semantic::{
+    BindingKind, ContextualizedDefinition, Definition, Export, Member, MemberKind,
+};
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::codes::Rule;
 use crate::docstrings::Docstring;
 use crate::fs::relativize_path;
-use crate::rules::{flake8_annotations, flake8_pyi, pydocstyle};
+use crate::rules::{flake8_annotations, flake8_pyi, pydocstyle, pylint};
 use crate::{docstrings, warn_user};
 
 /// Run lint rules over all [`Definition`] nodes in the [`SemanticModel`].
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
     ]);
     let enforce_stubs = checker.source_type.is_stub() && checker.enabled(Rule::DocstringInStub);
     let enforce_stubs_and_runtime = checker.enabled(Rule::IterMethodReturnIterable);
+    let enforce_dunder_method = checker.enabled(Rule::BadDunderMethodName);
     let enforce_docstrings = checker.any_enabled(&[
         Rule::BlankLineAfterLastSection,
         Rule::BlankLineAfterSummary,
@@ -80,7 +83,12 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
         Rule::UndocumentedPublicPackage,
     ]);
 
-    if !enforce_annotations && !enforce_docstrings && !enforce_stubs && !enforce_stubs_and_runtime {
+    if !enforce_annotations
+        && !enforce_docstrings
+        && !enforce_stubs
+        && !enforce_stubs_and_runtime
+        && !enforce_dunder_method
+    {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -147,6 +155,19 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
             }
         }
 
+        // pylint
+        if enforce_dunder_method {
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::BadDunderMethodName) {
+                if let Definition::Member(Member {
+                    kind: MemberKind::Method(method),
+                    ..
+                }) = definition
+                {
+                    pylint::rules::bad_dunder_method_name(checker, method);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // pydocstyle
         if enforce_docstrings {
             if pydocstyle::helpers::should_ignore_definition(

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                 numpy::rules::numpy_2_0_deprecation(checker, expr);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::DeprecatedMockImport) {
-                pyupgrade::rules::deprecated_mock_attribute(checker, expr);
+                pyupgrade::rules::deprecated_mock_attribute(checker, attribute);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::SixPY3) {
                 flake8_2020::rules::name_or_attribute(checker, expr);
@@ -336,7 +336,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UndocumentedWarn) {
                 flake8_logging::rules::undocumented_warn(checker, expr);
             }
-            pandas_vet::rules::attr(checker, attribute);
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::PandasUseOfDotValues) {
+                pandas_vet::rules::attr(checker, attribute);
+            }
         }
         Expr::Call(
             call @ ast::ExprCall {
@@ -636,14 +638,10 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                 flake8_bandit::rules::tarfile_unsafe_members(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryGeneratorList) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_generator_list(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_generator_list(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryGeneratorSet) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_generator_set(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_generator_set(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryGeneratorDict) {
                 flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_generator_dict(
@@ -651,9 +649,7 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                 );
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryListComprehensionSet) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_list_comprehension_set(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_list_comprehension_set(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict) {
                 flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_list_comprehension_dict(
@@ -661,9 +657,7 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                 );
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryLiteralSet) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_set(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_set(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryLiteralDict) {
                 flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_dict(
@@ -673,27 +667,18 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryCollectionCall) {
                 flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_collection_call(
                     checker,
-                    expr,
-                    func,
-                    args,
-                    keywords,
+                    call,
                     &checker.settings.flake8_comprehensions,
                 );
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_within_tuple_call(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_within_tuple_call(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_within_list_call(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_within_list_call(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinDictCall) {
-                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_within_dict_call(
-                    checker, expr, func, args, keywords,
-                );
+                flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_literal_within_dict_call(checker, call);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryListCall) {
                 flake8_comprehensions::rules::unnecessary_list_call(checker, expr, func, args);
@@ -976,7 +961,6 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnsortedDunderAll) {
                 ruff::rules::sort_dunder_all_extend_call(checker, call);
             }
-
             if checker.enabled(Rule::DefaultFactoryKwarg) {
                 ruff::rules::default_factory_kwarg(checker, call);
             }
@@ -1041,6 +1025,16 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                     pyupgrade::rules::unicode_kind_prefix(checker, string_literal);
                 }
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::MissingFStringSyntax) {
+                for string_literal in value.literals() {
+                    ruff::rules::missing_fstring_syntax(
+                        &mut checker.diagnostics,
+                        string_literal,
+                        checker.locator,
+                        &checker.semantic,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
         }
         Expr::BinOp(ast::ExprBinOp {
             left,
@@ -1312,12 +1306,22 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                 refurb::rules::math_constant(checker, number_literal);
             }
         }
-        Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => {
+        Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, range: _ }) => {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnicodeKindPrefix) {
                 for string_part in value {
                     pyupgrade::rules::unicode_kind_prefix(checker, string_part);
                 }
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::MissingFStringSyntax) {
+                for string_literal in value.as_slice() {
+                    ruff::rules::missing_fstring_syntax(
+                        &mut checker.diagnostics,
+                        string_literal,
+                        checker.locator,
+                        &checker.semantic,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
         }
         Expr::IfExp(
             if_exp @ ast::ExprIfExp {

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs

@@ -247,6 +247,11 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::HardcodedPasswordDefault) {
                 flake8_bandit::rules::hardcoded_password_default(checker, parameters);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::SuspiciousMarkSafeUsage) {
+                for decorator in decorator_list {
+                    flake8_bandit::rules::suspicious_function_decorator(checker, decorator);
+                }
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::PropertyWithParameters) {
                 pylint::rules::property_with_parameters(checker, stmt, decorator_list, parameters);
             }
@@ -513,9 +518,6 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::SingleStringSlots) {
                 pylint::rules::single_string_slots(checker, class_def);
             }
-            if checker.enabled(Rule::BadDunderMethodName) {
-                pylint::rules::bad_dunder_method_name(checker, body);
-            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::MetaClassABCMeta) {
                 refurb::rules::metaclass_abcmeta(checker, class_def);
             }
@@ -1315,6 +1317,9 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryDictIndexLookup) {
                 pylint::rules::unnecessary_dict_index_lookup(checker, for_stmt);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::ReadlinesInFor) {
+                refurb::rules::readlines_in_for(checker, for_stmt);
+            }
             if !is_async {
                 if checker.enabled(Rule::ReimplementedBuiltin) {
                     flake8_simplify::rules::convert_for_loop_to_any_all(checker, stmt);

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use log::debug;
 use ruff_python_ast::{
-    self as ast, Arguments, Comprehension, ElifElseClause, ExceptHandler, Expr, ExprContext,
-    Keyword, MatchCase, Parameter, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters, Pattern, Stmt, Suite, UnaryOp,
+    self as ast, Comprehension, ElifElseClause, ExceptHandler, Expr, ExprContext, Keyword,
+    MatchCase, Parameter, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters, Pattern, Stmt, Suite, UnaryOp,
 };
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange, TextSize};
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, IsolationLevel};
 use ruff_notebook::{CellOffsets, NotebookIndex};
 use ruff_python_ast::all::{extract_all_names, DunderAllFlags};
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::{
-    collect_import_from_member, extract_handled_exceptions, to_module_path,
+    collect_import_from_member, extract_handled_exceptions, is_docstring_stmt, to_module_path,
 };
 use ruff_python_ast::identifier::Identifier;
 use ruff_python_ast::str::trailing_quote;
@@ -71,6 +71,38 @@ mod analyze;
 mod annotation;
 mod deferred;
 
+/// State representing whether a docstring is expected or not for the next statement.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+enum DocstringState {
+    /// The next statement is expected to be a docstring, but not necessarily so.
+    ///
+    /// For example, in the following code:
+    ///
+    /// ```python
+    /// class Foo:
+    ///     pass
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// def bar(x, y):
+    ///     """Docstring."""
+    ///     return x +  y
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// For `Foo`, the state is expected when the checker is visiting the class
+    /// body but isn't going to be present. While, for `bar` function, the docstring
+    /// is expected and present.
+    #[default]
+    Expected,
+    Other,
+}
+
+impl DocstringState {
+    /// Returns `true` if the next statement is expected to be a docstring.
+    const fn is_expected(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, DocstringState::Expected)
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct Checker<'a> {
     /// The [`Path`] to the file under analysis.
     path: &'a Path,
@@ -114,6 +146,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Checker<'a> {
     pub(crate) flake8_bugbear_seen: Vec<TextRange>,
     /// The end offset of the last visited statement.
     last_stmt_end: TextSize,
+    /// A state describing if a docstring is expected or not.
+    docstring_state: DocstringState,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
@@ -153,6 +187,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             cell_offsets,
             notebook_index,
             last_stmt_end: TextSize::default(),
+            docstring_state: DocstringState::default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -197,7 +232,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
         let trailing_quote = trailing_quote(self.locator.slice(string_range))?;
 
         // Invert the quote character, if it's a single quote.
-        match *trailing_quote {
+        match trailing_quote {
             "'" => Some(Quote::Double),
             "\"" => Some(Quote::Single),
             _ => None,
@@ -305,19 +340,16 @@ where
             self.semantic.flags -= SemanticModelFlags::IMPORT_BOUNDARY;
         }
 
-        // Track whether we've seen docstrings, non-imports, etc.
+        // Track whether we've seen module docstrings, non-imports, etc.
         match stmt {
             Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr { value, .. })
-                if !self
-                    .semantic
-                    .flags
-                    .intersects(SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING)
+                if !self.semantic.seen_module_docstring_boundary()
                     && value.is_string_literal_expr() =>
             {
-                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING;
+                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING_BOUNDARY;
             }
             Stmt::ImportFrom(ast::StmtImportFrom { module, names, .. }) => {
-                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING;
+                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING_BOUNDARY;
 
                 // Allow __future__ imports until we see a non-__future__ import.
                 if let Some("__future__") = module.as_deref() {
@@ -332,11 +364,11 @@ where
                 }
             }
             Stmt::Import(_) => {
-                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING;
+                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING_BOUNDARY;
                 self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::FUTURES_BOUNDARY;
             }
             _ => {
-                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING;
+                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::MODULE_DOCSTRING_BOUNDARY;
                 self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::FUTURES_BOUNDARY;
                 if !(self.semantic.seen_import_boundary()
                     || helpers::is_assignment_to_a_dunder(stmt)
@@ -349,17 +381,20 @@ where
             }
         }
 
-        // Track each top-level import, to guide import insertions.
-        if matches!(stmt, Stmt::Import(_) | Stmt::ImportFrom(_)) {
-            if self.semantic.at_top_level() {
-                self.importer.visit_import(stmt);
-            }
-        }
-
         // Store the flags prior to any further descent, so that we can restore them after visiting
         // the node.
         let flags_snapshot = self.semantic.flags;
 
+        // Update the semantic model if it is in a docstring. This should be done after the
+        // flags snapshot to ensure that it gets reset once the statement is analyzed.
+        if self.docstring_state.is_expected() {
+            if is_docstring_stmt(stmt) {
+                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::DOCSTRING;
+            }
+            // Reset the state irrespective of whether the statement is a docstring or not.
+            self.docstring_state = DocstringState::Other;
+        }
+
         // Step 1: Binding
         match stmt {
             Stmt::AugAssign(ast::StmtAugAssign {
@@ -371,14 +406,22 @@ where
                 self.handle_node_load(target);
             }
             Stmt::Import(ast::StmtImport { names, range: _ }) => {
+                if self.semantic.at_top_level() {
+                    self.importer.visit_import(stmt);
+                }
+
                 for alias in names {
-                    if alias.name.contains('.') && alias.asname.is_none() {
-                        // Given `import foo.bar`, `name` would be "foo", and `qualified_name` would be
-                        // "foo.bar".
-                        let name = alias.name.split('.').next().unwrap();
+                    // Given `import foo.bar`, `module` would be "foo", and `call_path` would be
+                    // `["foo", "bar"]`.
+                    let module = alias.name.split('.').next().unwrap();
+
+                    // Mark the top-level module as "seen" by the semantic model.
+                    self.semantic.add_module(module);
+
+                    if alias.asname.is_none() && alias.name.contains('.') {
                         let call_path: Box<[&str]> = alias.name.split('.').collect();
                         self.add_binding(
-                            name,
+                            module,
                             alias.identifier(),
                             BindingKind::SubmoduleImport(SubmoduleImport { call_path }),
                             BindingFlags::EXTERNAL,
@@ -413,8 +456,20 @@ where
                 level,
                 range: _,
             }) => {
+                if self.semantic.at_top_level() {
+                    self.importer.visit_import(stmt);
+                }
+
                 let module = module.as_deref();
                 let level = *level;
+
+                // Mark the top-level module as "seen" by the semantic model.
+                if level.map_or(true, |level| level == 0) {
+                    if let Some(module) = module.and_then(|module| module.split('.').next()) {
+                        self.semantic.add_module(module);
+                    }
+                }
+
                 for alias in names {
                     if let Some("__future__") = module {
                         let name = alias.asname.as_ref().unwrap_or(&alias.name);
@@ -641,6 +696,8 @@ where
                     self.semantic.set_globals(globals);
                 }
 
+                // Set the docstring state before visiting the class body.
+                self.docstring_state = DocstringState::Expected;
                 self.visit_body(body);
             }
             Stmt::TypeAlias(ast::StmtTypeAlias {
@@ -976,12 +1033,7 @@ where
             }
             Expr::Call(ast::ExprCall {
                 func,
-                arguments:
-                    Arguments {
-                        args,
-                        keywords,
-                        range: _,
-                    },
+                arguments,
                 range: _,
             }) => {
                 self.visit_expr(func);
@@ -1024,7 +1076,7 @@ where
                 });
                 match callable {
                     Some(typing::Callable::Bool) => {
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             self.visit_boolean_test(arg);
                         }
@@ -1033,7 +1085,7 @@ where
                         }
                     }
                     Some(typing::Callable::Cast) => {
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             self.visit_type_definition(arg);
                         }
@@ -1042,7 +1094,7 @@ where
                         }
                     }
                     Some(typing::Callable::NewType) => {
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             self.visit_non_type_definition(arg);
                         }
@@ -1051,21 +1103,21 @@ where
                         }
                     }
                     Some(typing::Callable::TypeVar) => {
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             self.visit_non_type_definition(arg);
                         }
                         for arg in args {
                             self.visit_type_definition(arg);
                         }
-                        for keyword in keywords {
+                        for keyword in arguments.keywords.iter() {
                             let Keyword {
                                 arg,
                                 value,
                                 range: _,
                             } = keyword;
                             if let Some(id) = arg {
-                                if id == "bound" {
+                                if id.as_str() == "bound" {
                                     self.visit_type_definition(value);
                                 } else {
                                     self.visit_non_type_definition(value);
@@ -1075,7 +1127,7 @@ where
                     }
                     Some(typing::Callable::NamedTuple) => {
                         // Ex) NamedTuple("a", [("a", int)])
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             self.visit_non_type_definition(arg);
                         }
@@ -1104,7 +1156,7 @@ where
                             }
                         }
 
-                        for keyword in keywords {
+                        for keyword in arguments.keywords.iter() {
                             let Keyword { arg, value, .. } = keyword;
                             match (arg.as_ref(), value) {
                                 // Ex) NamedTuple("a", **{"a": int})
@@ -1131,7 +1183,7 @@ where
                     }
                     Some(typing::Callable::TypedDict) => {
                         // Ex) TypedDict("a", {"a": int})
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             self.visit_non_type_definition(arg);
                         }
@@ -1154,13 +1206,13 @@ where
                         }
 
                         // Ex) TypedDict("a", a=int)
-                        for keyword in keywords {
+                        for keyword in arguments.keywords.iter() {
                             let Keyword { value, .. } = keyword;
                             self.visit_type_definition(value);
                         }
                     }
                     Some(typing::Callable::MypyExtension) => {
-                        let mut args = args.iter();
+                        let mut args = arguments.args.iter();
                         if let Some(arg) = args.next() {
                             // Ex) DefaultNamedArg(bool | None, name="some_prop_name")
                             self.visit_type_definition(arg);
@@ -1168,13 +1220,13 @@ where
                             for arg in args {
                                 self.visit_non_type_definition(arg);
                             }
-                            for keyword in keywords {
+                            for keyword in arguments.keywords.iter() {
                                 let Keyword { value, .. } = keyword;
                                 self.visit_non_type_definition(value);
                             }
                         } else {
                             // Ex) DefaultNamedArg(type="bool", name="some_prop_name")
-                            for keyword in keywords {
+                            for keyword in arguments.keywords.iter() {
                                 let Keyword {
                                     value,
                                     arg,
@@ -1192,10 +1244,10 @@ where
                         // If we're in a type definition, we need to treat the arguments to any
                         // other callables as non-type definitions (i.e., we don't want to treat
                         // any strings as deferred type definitions).
-                        for arg in args {
+                        for arg in arguments.args.iter() {
                             self.visit_non_type_definition(arg);
                         }
-                        for keyword in keywords {
+                        for keyword in arguments.keywords.iter() {
                             let Keyword { value, .. } = keyword;
                             self.visit_non_type_definition(value);
                         }
@@ -1280,6 +1332,16 @@ where
                 self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::F_STRING;
                 visitor::walk_expr(self, expr);
             }
+            Expr::NamedExpr(ast::ExprNamedExpr {
+                target,
+                value,
+                range: _,
+            }) => {
+                self.visit_expr(value);
+
+                self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::NAMED_EXPRESSION_ASSIGNMENT;
+                self.visit_expr(target);
+            }
             _ => visitor::walk_expr(self, expr),
         }
 
@@ -1496,6 +1558,8 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             unreachable!("Generator expression must contain at least one generator");
         };
 
+        let flags = self.semantic.flags;
+
         // Generators are compiled as nested functions. (This may change with PEP 709.)
         // As such, the `iter` of the first generator is evaluated in the outer scope, while all
         // subsequent nodes are evaluated in the inner scope.
@@ -1525,14 +1589,22 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
         // `x` is local to `foo`, and the `T` in `y=T` skips the class scope when resolving.
         self.visit_expr(&generator.iter);
         self.semantic.push_scope(ScopeKind::Generator);
+
+        self.semantic.flags = flags | SemanticModelFlags::COMPREHENSION_ASSIGNMENT;
         self.visit_expr(&generator.target);
+        self.semantic.flags = flags;
+
         for expr in &generator.ifs {
             self.visit_boolean_test(expr);
         }
 
         for generator in iterator {
             self.visit_expr(&generator.iter);
+
+            self.semantic.flags = flags | SemanticModelFlags::COMPREHENSION_ASSIGNMENT;
             self.visit_expr(&generator.target);
+            self.semantic.flags = flags;
+
             for expr in &generator.ifs {
                 self.visit_boolean_test(expr);
             }
@@ -1731,11 +1803,21 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             return;
         }
 
+        // A binding within a `for` must be a loop variable, as in:
+        // ```python
+        // for x in range(10):
+        //     ...
+        // ```
         if parent.is_for_stmt() {
             self.add_binding(id, expr.range(), BindingKind::LoopVar, flags);
             return;
         }
 
+        // A binding within a `with` must be an item, as in:
+        // ```python
+        // with open("file.txt") as fp:
+        //     ...
+        // ```
         if parent.is_with_stmt() {
             self.add_binding(id, expr.range(), BindingKind::WithItemVar, flags);
             return;
@@ -1791,17 +1873,26 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
         }
 
         // If the expression is the left-hand side of a walrus operator, then it's a named
-        // expression assignment.
-        if self
-            .semantic
-            .current_expressions()
-            .filter_map(Expr::as_named_expr_expr)
-            .any(|parent| parent.target.as_ref() == expr)
-        {
+        // expression assignment, as in:
+        // ```python
+        // if (x := 10) > 5:
+        //     ...
+        // ```
+        if self.semantic.in_named_expression_assignment() {
             self.add_binding(id, expr.range(), BindingKind::NamedExprAssignment, flags);
             return;
         }
 
+        // If the expression is part of a comprehension target, then it's a comprehension variable
+        // assignment, as in:
+        // ```python
+        // [x for x in range(10)]
+        // ```
+        if self.semantic.in_comprehension_assignment() {
+            self.add_binding(id, expr.range(), BindingKind::ComprehensionVar, flags);
+            return;
+        }
+
         self.add_binding(id, expr.range(), BindingKind::Assignment, flags);
     }
 
@@ -1917,6 +2008,8 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
                 };
 
                 self.visit_parameters(parameters);
+                // Set the docstring state before visiting the function body.
+                self.docstring_state = DocstringState::Expected;
                 self.visit_body(body);
             }
         }

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/logical_lines.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::line_width::IndentWidth;
 use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_python_codegen::Stylist;
 use ruff_python_parser::lexer::LexResult;
@@ -15,11 +16,11 @@ use crate::rules::pycodestyle::rules::logical_lines::{
 use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
 
 /// Return the amount of indentation, expanding tabs to the next multiple of the settings' tab size.
-fn expand_indent(line: &str, settings: &LinterSettings) -> usize {
+pub(crate) fn expand_indent(line: &str, indent_width: IndentWidth) -> usize {
     let line = line.trim_end_matches(['\n', '\r']);
 
     let mut indent = 0;
-    let tab_size = settings.tab_size.as_usize();
+    let tab_size = indent_width.as_usize();
     for c in line.bytes() {
         match c {
             b'\t' => indent = (indent / tab_size) * tab_size + tab_size,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check_logical_lines(
             TextRange::new(locator.line_start(first_token.start()), first_token.start())
         };
 
-        let indent_level = expand_indent(locator.slice(range), settings);
+        let indent_level = expand_indent(locator.slice(range), settings.tab_size);
 
         let indent_size = 4;
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/tokens.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use ruff_notebook::CellOffsets;
 use ruff_python_ast::PySourceType;
+use ruff_python_codegen::Stylist;
 use ruff_python_parser::lexer::LexResult;
 use ruff_python_parser::Tok;
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ use ruff_source_file::Locator;
 use crate::directives::TodoComment;
 use crate::lex::docstring_detection::StateMachine;
 use crate::registry::{AsRule, Rule};
+use crate::rules::pycodestyle::rules::BlankLinesChecker;
 use crate::rules::ruff::rules::Context;
 use crate::rules::{
     eradicate, flake8_commas, flake8_executable, flake8_fixme, flake8_implicit_str_concat,
@@ -21,17 +23,37 @@ use crate::rules::{
 };
 use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
 
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub(crate) fn check_tokens(
     tokens: &[LexResult],
     path: &Path,
     locator: &Locator,
     indexer: &Indexer,
+    stylist: &Stylist,
     settings: &LinterSettings,
     source_type: PySourceType,
     cell_offsets: Option<&CellOffsets>,
 ) -> Vec<Diagnostic> {
     let mut diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic> = vec![];
 
+    if settings.rules.any_enabled(&[
+        Rule::BlankLineBetweenMethods,
+        Rule::BlankLinesTopLevel,
+        Rule::TooManyBlankLines,
+        Rule::BlankLineAfterDecorator,
+        Rule::BlankLinesAfterFunctionOrClass,
+        Rule::BlankLinesBeforeNestedDefinition,
+    ]) {
+        let mut blank_lines_checker = BlankLinesChecker::default();
+        blank_lines_checker.check_lines(
+            tokens,
+            locator,
+            stylist,
+            settings.tab_size,
+            &mut diagnostics,
+        );
+    }
+
     if settings.rules.enabled(Rule::BlanketNOQA) {
         pygrep_hooks::rules::blanket_noqa(&mut diagnostics, indexer, locator);
     }
@@ -95,7 +117,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check_tokens(
     }
 
     if settings.rules.enabled(Rule::TabIndentation) {
-        pycodestyle::rules::tab_indentation(&mut diagnostics, tokens, locator, indexer);
+        pycodestyle::rules::tab_indentation(&mut diagnostics, locator, indexer);
     }
 
     if settings.rules.any_enabled(&[

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -137,6 +137,12 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pycodestyle, "E274") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pycodestyle::rules::logical_lines::TabBeforeKeyword),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Pycodestyle, "E275") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pycodestyle::rules::logical_lines::MissingWhitespaceAfterKeyword),
+        (Pycodestyle, "E301") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pycodestyle::rules::BlankLineBetweenMethods),
+        (Pycodestyle, "E302") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pycodestyle::rules::BlankLinesTopLevel),
+        (Pycodestyle, "E303") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pycodestyle::rules::TooManyBlankLines),
+        (Pycodestyle, "E304") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pycodestyle::rules::BlankLineAfterDecorator),
+        (Pycodestyle, "E305") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pycodestyle::rules::BlankLinesAfterFunctionOrClass),
+        (Pycodestyle, "E306") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pycodestyle::rules::BlankLinesBeforeNestedDefinition),
         (Pycodestyle, "E401") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pycodestyle::rules::MultipleImportsOnOneLine),
         (Pycodestyle, "E402") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pycodestyle::rules::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile),
         (Pycodestyle, "E501") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pycodestyle::rules::LineTooLong),
@@ -937,6 +943,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Ruff, "024") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::ruff::rules::MutableFromkeysValue),
         (Ruff, "025") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::ruff::rules::UnnecessaryDictComprehensionForIterable),
         (Ruff, "026") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::ruff::rules::DefaultFactoryKwarg),
+        (Ruff, "027") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::ruff::rules::MissingFStringSyntax),
         (Ruff, "100") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::ruff::rules::UnusedNOQA),
         (Ruff, "200") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::ruff::rules::InvalidPyprojectToml),
         #[cfg(feature = "test-rules")]
@@ -1018,6 +1025,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Refurb, "113") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::refurb::rules::RepeatedAppend),
         (Refurb, "118") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::ReimplementedOperator),
+        (Refurb, "129") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::ReadlinesInFor),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Refurb, "131") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::refurb::rules::DeleteFullSlice),
         #[allow(deprecated)]

crates/ruff_linter/src/docstrings/sections.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::docstrings::{leading_space, leading_words};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextLen, TextRange, TextSize};
 use strum_macros::EnumIter;
 
-use ruff_source_file::{Line, UniversalNewlineIterator, UniversalNewlines};
+use ruff_source_file::{Line, NewlineWithTrailingNewline, UniversalNewlines};
 
 use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
 use crate::docstrings::{Docstring, DocstringBody};
@@ -130,6 +130,34 @@ impl SectionKind {
             Self::Yields => "Yields",
         }
     }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if a section can contain subsections, as in:
+    /// ```python
+    /// Yields
+    /// ------
+    /// int
+    ///     Description of the anonymous integer return value.
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// For NumPy, see: <https://numpydoc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/format.html>
+    ///
+    /// For Google, see: <https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings>
+    pub(crate) fn has_subsections(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Self::Args
+                | Self::Arguments
+                | Self::OtherArgs
+                | Self::OtherParameters
+                | Self::OtherParams
+                | Self::Parameters
+                | Self::Raises
+                | Self::Returns
+                | Self::SeeAlso
+                | Self::Warns
+                | Self::Yields
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct SectionContexts<'a> {
@@ -356,13 +384,16 @@ impl<'a> SectionContext<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn previous_line(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
         let previous =
             &self.docstring_body.as_str()[TextRange::up_to(self.range_relative().start())];
-        previous.universal_newlines().last().map(|l| l.as_str())
+        previous
+            .universal_newlines()
+            .last()
+            .map(|line| line.as_str())
     }
 
     /// Returns the lines belonging to this section after the summary line.
-    pub(crate) fn following_lines(&self) -> UniversalNewlineIterator<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn following_lines(&self) -> NewlineWithTrailingNewline<'a> {
         let lines = self.following_lines_str();
-        UniversalNewlineIterator::with_offset(lines, self.offset() + self.data.summary_full_end)
+        NewlineWithTrailingNewline::with_offset(lines, self.offset() + self.data.summary_full_end)
     }
 
     fn following_lines_str(&self) -> &'a str {
@@ -459,13 +490,54 @@ fn is_docstring_section(
     //         args: The arguments to the function.
     //     """
     // ```
+    // Or `parameters` in:
+    // ```python
+    // def func(parameters: tuple[int]):
+    //     """Toggle the gizmo.
+    //
+    //     Parameters:
+    //     -----
+    //     parameters:
+    //         The arguments to the function.
+    //     """
+    // ```
     // However, if the header is an _exact_ match (like `Returns:`, as opposed to `returns:`), then
     // continue to treat it as a section header.
-    if let Some(previous_section) = previous_section {
-        if previous_section.indent_size < indent_size {
+    if section_kind.has_subsections() {
+        if let Some(previous_section) = previous_section {
             let verbatim = &line[TextRange::at(indent_size, section_name_size)];
-            if section_kind.as_str() != verbatim {
-                return false;
+
+            // If the section is more deeply indented, assume it's a subsection, as in:
+            // ```python
+            // def func(args: tuple[int]):
+            //     """Toggle the gizmo.
+            //
+            //     Args:
+            //         args: The arguments to the function.
+            //     """
+            // ```
+            if previous_section.indent_size < indent_size {
+                if section_kind.as_str() != verbatim {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If the section isn't underlined, and isn't title-cased, assume it's a subsection,
+            // as in:
+            // ```python
+            // def func(parameters: tuple[int]):
+            //     """Toggle the gizmo.
+            //
+            //     Parameters:
+            //     -----
+            //     parameters:
+            //         The arguments to the function.
+            //     """
+            // ```
+            if !next_line_is_underline && verbatim.chars().next().is_some_and(char::is_lowercase) {
+                if section_kind.as_str() != verbatim {
+                    return false;
+                }
             }
         }
     }

crates/ruff_linter/src/fix/edits.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, ExceptHandler, Stmt};
 use ruff_python_ast::{AnyNodeRef, ArgOrKeyword};
 use ruff_python_codegen::Stylist;
 use ruff_python_index::Indexer;
+use ruff_python_trivia::textwrap::dedent_to;
 use ruff_python_trivia::{
     has_leading_content, is_python_whitespace, CommentRanges, PythonWhitespace, SimpleTokenKind,
     SimpleTokenizer,
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@ use ruff_python_trivia::{
 use ruff_source_file::{Locator, NewlineWithTrailingNewline, UniversalNewlines};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextLen, TextRange, TextSize};
 
+use crate::cst::matchers::{match_function_def, match_indented_block, match_statement};
 use crate::fix::codemods;
+use crate::fix::codemods::CodegenStylist;
 use crate::line_width::{IndentWidth, LineLength, LineWidthBuilder};
 
 /// Return the `Fix` to use when deleting a `Stmt`.
@@ -166,6 +169,50 @@ pub(crate) fn add_argument(
     }
 }
 
+/// Safely adjust the indentation of the indented block at [`TextRange`].
+///
+/// The [`TextRange`] is assumed to represent an entire indented block, including the leading
+/// indentation of that block. For example, to dedent the body here:
+/// ```python
+/// if True:
+///     print("Hello, world!")
+/// ```
+///
+/// The range would be the entirety of `    print("Hello, world!")`.
+pub(crate) fn adjust_indentation(
+    range: TextRange,
+    indentation: &str,
+    locator: &Locator,
+    indexer: &Indexer,
+    stylist: &Stylist,
+) -> Result<String> {
+    // If the range includes a multi-line string, use LibCST to ensure that we don't adjust the
+    // whitespace _within_ the string.
+    if indexer.multiline_ranges().intersects(range) || indexer.fstring_ranges().intersects(range) {
+        let contents = locator.slice(range);
+
+        let module_text = format!("def f():{}{contents}", stylist.line_ending().as_str());
+
+        let mut tree = match_statement(&module_text)?;
+
+        let embedding = match_function_def(&mut tree)?;
+
+        let indented_block = match_indented_block(&mut embedding.body)?;
+        indented_block.indent = Some(indentation);
+
+        let module_text = indented_block.codegen_stylist(stylist);
+        let module_text = module_text
+            .strip_prefix(stylist.line_ending().as_str())
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_string();
+        Ok(module_text)
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise, we can do a simple adjustment ourselves.
+        let contents = locator.slice(range);
+        Ok(dedent_to(contents, indentation))
+    }
+}
+
 /// Determine if a vector contains only one, specific element.
 fn is_only<T: PartialEq>(vec: &[T], value: &T) -> bool {
     vec.len() == 1 && vec[0] == *value

crates/ruff_linter/src/linter.rs

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ pub fn check_path(
             path,
             locator,
             indexer,
+            stylist,
             settings,
             source_type,
             source_kind.as_ipy_notebook().map(Notebook::cell_offsets),

crates/ruff_linter/src/logging.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use fern;
 use log::Level;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use ruff_python_parser::{ParseError, ParseErrorType};
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
 use ruff_source_file::{LineIndex, OneIndexed, SourceCode, SourceLocation};
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::fs;
 use crate::source_kind::SourceKind;
 use ruff_notebook::Notebook;
 
-pub static WARNINGS: Lazy<Mutex<Vec<&'static str>>> = Lazy::new(Mutex::default);
+pub static IDENTIFIERS: Lazy<Mutex<Vec<&'static str>>> = Lazy::new(Mutex::default);
 
 /// Warn a user once, with uniqueness determined by the given ID.
 #[macro_export]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ macro_rules! warn_user_once_by_id {
         use colored::Colorize;
         use log::warn;
 
-        if let Ok(mut states) = $crate::logging::WARNINGS.lock() {
+        if let Ok(mut states) = $crate::logging::IDENTIFIERS.lock() {
             if !states.contains(&$id) {
                 let message = format!("{}", format_args!($($arg)*));
                 warn!("{}", message.bold());
@@ -34,6 +35,26 @@ macro_rules! warn_user_once_by_id {
     };
 }
 
+pub static MESSAGES: Lazy<Mutex<FxHashSet<String>>> = Lazy::new(Mutex::default);
+
+/// Warn a user once, if warnings are enabled, with uniqueness determined by the content of the
+/// message.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! warn_user_once_by_message {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
+        use colored::Colorize;
+        use log::warn;
+
+        if let Ok(mut states) = $crate::logging::MESSAGES.lock() {
+            let message = format!("{}", format_args!($($arg)*));
+            if !states.contains(&message) {
+                warn!("{}", message.bold());
+                states.insert(message);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
 /// Warn a user once, with uniqueness determined by the calling location itself.
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! warn_user_once {

crates/ruff_linter/src/registry.rs

@@ -264,6 +264,11 @@ impl Rule {
             | Rule::BadQuotesMultilineString
             | Rule::BlanketNOQA
             | Rule::BlanketTypeIgnore
+            | Rule::BlankLineAfterDecorator
+            | Rule::BlankLineBetweenMethods
+            | Rule::BlankLinesAfterFunctionOrClass
+            | Rule::BlankLinesBeforeNestedDefinition
+            | Rule::BlankLinesTopLevel
             | Rule::CommentedOutCode
             | Rule::EmptyComment
             | Rule::ExtraneousParentheses
@@ -296,6 +301,7 @@ impl Rule {
             | Rule::ShebangNotFirstLine
             | Rule::SingleLineImplicitStringConcatenation
             | Rule::TabIndentation
+            | Rule::TooManyBlankLines
             | Rule::TrailingCommaOnBareTuple
             | Rule::TypeCommentInStub
             | Rule::UselessSemicolon

crates/ruff_linter/src/renamer.rs

@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ impl Renamer {
             | BindingKind::Assignment
             | BindingKind::BoundException
             | BindingKind::LoopVar
+            | BindingKind::ComprehensionVar
             | BindingKind::WithItemVar
             | BindingKind::Global
             | BindingKind::Nonlocal(_)

crates/ruff_linter/src/rule_redirects.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ static REDIRECTS: Lazy<HashMap<&'static str, &'static str>> = Lazy::new(|| {
         ("TCH006", "TCH010"),
         ("TRY200", "B904"),
         ("PGH001", "S307"),
-        ("PHG002", "G010"),
+        ("PGH002", "G010"),
         // Test redirect by exact code
         #[cfg(feature = "test-rules")]
         ("RUF940", "RUF950"),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rule_selector.rs

@@ -321,6 +321,16 @@ mod schema {
                             true
                         }
                     })
+                    .filter(|_rule| {
+                        // Filter out all test-only rules
+                        #[cfg(feature = "test-rules")]
+                        #[allow(clippy::used_underscore_binding)]
+                        if _rule.starts_with("RUF9") {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        true
+                    })
                     .sorted()
                     .map(Value::String)
                     .collect(),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/eradicate/detection.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 /// See: [eradicate.py](https://github.com/myint/eradicate/blob/98f199940979c94447a461d50d27862b118b282d/eradicate.py)
 use aho_corasick::AhoCorasick;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::{Regex, RegexSet};
 
 use ruff_python_parser::parse_suite;
+use ruff_python_trivia::{SimpleTokenKind, SimpleTokenizer};
+use ruff_text_size::TextSize;
 
 static CODE_INDICATORS: Lazy<AhoCorasick> = Lazy::new(|| {
     AhoCorasick::new([
-        "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", ":", "=", "%", "print", "return", "break", "continue",
-        "import",
+        "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", ":", "=", "%", "return", "break", "continue", "import",
     ])
     .unwrap()
 });
@@ -44,6 +46,14 @@ pub(crate) fn comment_contains_code(line: &str, task_tags: &[String]) -> bool {
         return false;
     }
 
+    // Fast path: if the comment contains consecutive identifiers, we know it won't parse.
+    let tokenizer = SimpleTokenizer::starts_at(TextSize::default(), line).skip_trivia();
+    if tokenizer.tuple_windows().any(|(first, second)| {
+        first.kind == SimpleTokenKind::Name && second.kind == SimpleTokenKind::Name
+    }) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     // Ignore task tag comments (e.g., "# TODO(tom): Refactor").
     if line
         .split(&[' ', ':', '('])
@@ -123,9 +133,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn comment_contains_code_with_print() {
-        assert!(comment_contains_code("#print", &[]));
         assert!(comment_contains_code("#print(1)", &[]));
 
+        assert!(!comment_contains_code("#print", &[]));
+        assert!(!comment_contains_code("#print 1", &[]));
         assert!(!comment_contains_code("#to print", &[]));
     }
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_2020/rules/name_or_attribute.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
-
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
+use ruff_python_semantic::Modules;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ impl Violation for SixPY3 {
 
 /// YTT202
 pub(crate) fn name_or_attribute(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr) {
+    if !checker.semantic().seen_module(Modules::SIX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if checker
         .semantic()
         .resolve_call_path(expr)

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_async/rules/blocking_os_call.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::ExprCall;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::call_path::CallPath;
+use ruff_python_semantic::Modules;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -42,17 +43,19 @@ impl Violation for BlockingOsCallInAsyncFunction {
 
 /// ASYNC102
 pub(crate) fn blocking_os_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
-    if checker.semantic().in_async_context() {
-        if checker
-            .semantic()
-            .resolve_call_path(call.func.as_ref())
-            .as_ref()
-            .is_some_and(is_unsafe_os_method)
-        {
-            checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
-                BlockingOsCallInAsyncFunction,
-                call.func.range(),
-            ));
+    if checker.semantic().seen_module(Modules::OS) {
+        if checker.semantic().in_async_context() {
+            if checker
+                .semantic()
+                .resolve_call_path(call.func.as_ref())
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(is_unsafe_os_method)
+            {
+                checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
+                    BlockingOsCallInAsyncFunction,
+                    call.func.range(),
+                ));
+            }
         }
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_async/rules/open_sleep_or_subprocess_call.rs

@@ -118,8 +118,7 @@ fn is_open_call_from_pathlib(func: &Expr, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> bool {
 
     let binding = semantic.binding(binding_id);
 
-    let Some(Expr::Call(call)) = analyze::typing::find_binding_value(&name.id, binding, semantic)
-    else {
+    let Some(Expr::Call(call)) = analyze::typing::find_binding_value(binding, semantic) else {
         return false;
     };
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/mod.rs

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(Rule::SubprocessWithoutShellEqualsTrue, Path::new("S603.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SuspiciousPickleUsage, Path::new("S301.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SuspiciousEvalUsage, Path::new("S307.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::SuspiciousMarkSafeUsage, Path::new("S308.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SuspiciousURLOpenUsage, Path::new("S310.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SuspiciousTelnetUsage, Path::new("S312.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SuspiciousTelnetlibImport, Path::new("S401.py"))]

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/bad_file_permissions.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::call_path::CallPath;
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Operator};
-use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
+use ruff_python_semantic::{Modules, SemanticModel};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ enum Reason {
 
 /// S103
 pub(crate) fn bad_file_permissions(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
+    if !checker.semantic().seen_module(Modules::OS) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if checker
         .semantic()
         .resolve_call_path(&call.func)

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/django_raw_sql.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
+use ruff_python_semantic::Modules;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ impl Violation for DjangoRawSql {
 
 /// S611
 pub(crate) fn django_raw_sql(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
+    if !checker.semantic().seen_module(Modules::DJANGO) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if checker
         .semantic()
         .resolve_call_path(&call.func)

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ impl Violation for HardcodedBindAllInterfaces {
 pub(crate) fn hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces(checker: &mut Checker, string: StringLike) {
     let is_bind_all_interface = match string {
         StringLike::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => value == "0.0.0.0",
-        StringLike::FStringLiteral(ast::FStringLiteralElement { value, .. }) => value == "0.0.0.0",
+        StringLike::FStringLiteral(ast::FStringLiteralElement { value, .. }) => {
+            &**value == "0.0.0.0"
+        }
         StringLike::BytesLiteral(_) => return,
     };
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/logging_config_insecure_listen.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast};
+use ruff_python_semantic::Modules;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ impl Violation for LoggingConfigInsecureListen {
 
 /// S612
 pub(crate) fn logging_config_insecure_listen(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
+    if !checker.semantic().seen_module(Modules::LOGGING) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if checker
         .semantic()
         .resolve_call_path(&call.func)

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/suspicious_function_call.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //! See: <https://bandit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/blacklists/blacklist_calls.html>
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticKind, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprCall};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Decorator, Expr, ExprCall};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ pub(crate) fn suspicious_function_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
             // Eval
             ["" | "builtins", "eval"] => Some(SuspiciousEvalUsage.into()),
             // MarkSafe
-            ["django", "utils", "safestring", "mark_safe"] => Some(SuspiciousMarkSafeUsage.into()),
+            ["django", "utils", "safestring" | "html", "mark_safe"] => Some(SuspiciousMarkSafeUsage.into()),
             // URLOpen (`urlopen`, `urlretrieve`, `Request`)
             ["urllib", "request", "urlopen" | "urlretrieve" | "Request"] |
             ["six", "moves", "urllib", "request", "urlopen" | "urlretrieve" | "Request"] => {
@@ -901,3 +901,27 @@ pub(crate) fn suspicious_function_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
         checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
     }
 }
+
+/// S308
+pub(crate) fn suspicious_function_decorator(checker: &mut Checker, decorator: &Decorator) {
+    let Some(diagnostic_kind) = checker
+        .semantic()
+        .resolve_call_path(&decorator.expression)
+        .and_then(|call_path| {
+            match call_path.as_slice() {
+                // MarkSafe
+                ["django", "utils", "safestring" | "html", "mark_safe"] => {
+                    Some(SuspiciousMarkSafeUsage.into())
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            }
+        })
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let diagnostic = Diagnostic::new::<DiagnosticKind>(diagnostic_kind, decorator.range());
+    if checker.enabled(diagnostic.kind.rule()) {
+        checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+    }
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/tarfile_unsafe_members.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_diagnostics::Violation;
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast};
+use ruff_python_semantic::Modules;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 /// ## What it does
@@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ impl Violation for TarfileUnsafeMembers {
 
 /// S202
 pub(crate) fn tarfile_unsafe_members(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
+    if !checker.semantic().seen_module(Modules::TARFILE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if !call
         .func
         .as_attribute_expr()
@@ -65,10 +70,6 @@ pub(crate) fn tarfile_unsafe_members(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall
         return;
     }
 
-    if !checker.semantic().seen(&["tarfile"]) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     checker
         .diagnostics
         .push(Diagnostic::new(TarfileUnsafeMembers, call.func.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/weak_cryptographic_key.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 /// from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dsa, ec
 ///
 /// dsa.generate_private_key(key_size=512)
-/// ec.generate_private_key(curve=ec.SECT163K1)
+/// ec.generate_private_key(curve=ec.SECT163K1())
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Use instead:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 /// from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dsa, ec
 ///
 /// dsa.generate_private_key(key_size=4096)
-/// ec.generate_private_key(curve=ec.SECP384R1)
+/// ec.generate_private_key(curve=ec.SECP384R1())
 /// ```
 ///
 /// ## References

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bandit__tests__S308_S308.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/mod.rs
+---
+S308.py:5:12: S308 Use of `mark_safe` may expose cross-site scripting vulnerabilities
+  |
+4 | def some_func():
+5 |     return mark_safe('<script>alert("evil!")</script>')
+  |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S308
+  |
+
+S308.py:8:1: S308 Use of `mark_safe` may expose cross-site scripting vulnerabilities
+   |
+ 8 | @mark_safe
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^ S308
+ 9 | def some_func():
+10 |     return '<script>alert("evil!")</script>'
+   |
+
+S308.py:17:12: S308 Use of `mark_safe` may expose cross-site scripting vulnerabilities
+   |
+16 | def some_func():
+17 |     return mark_safe('<script>alert("evil!")</script>')
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S308
+   |
+
+S308.py:20:1: S308 Use of `mark_safe` may expose cross-site scripting vulnerabilities
+   |
+20 | @mark_safe
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^ S308
+21 | def some_func():
+22 |     return '<script>alert("evil!")</script>'
+   |
+
+

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_boolean_trap/rules/boolean_type_hint_positional_argument.rs

@@ -191,6 +191,11 @@ fn match_annotation_to_complex_bool(annotation: &Expr, semantic: &SemanticModel)
         }
         // Ex) `typing.Union[bool, int]`
         Expr::Subscript(ast::ExprSubscript { value, slice, .. }) => {
+            // If the typing modules were never imported, we'll never match below.
+            if !semantic.seen_typing() {
+                return false;
+            }
+
             let call_path = semantic.resolve_call_path(value);
             if call_path
                 .as_ref()

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/assert_false.rs

@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ fn assertion_error(msg: Option<&Expr>) -> Stmt {
             })),
             arguments: Arguments {
                 args: if let Some(msg) = msg {
-                    vec![msg.clone()]
+                    Box::from([msg.clone()])
                 } else {
-                    vec![]
+                    Box::from([])
                 },
-                keywords: vec![],
+                keywords: Box::from([]),
                 range: TextRange::default(),
             },
             range: TextRange::default(),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/assert_raises_exception.rs

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ pub(crate) fn assert_raises_exception(checker: &mut Checker, items: &[WithItem])
             return;
         }
 
-        let [arg] = arguments.args.as_slice() else {
+        let [arg] = &*arguments.args else {
             return;
         };