Bump version to 0.0.178

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
         with:
           profile: minimal
+          toolchain: nightly-2022-11-01
+          override: true
+          components: rustfmt
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         env:
           cache-name: cache-cargo
@@ -33,6 +36,12 @@ jobs:
             ${{ runner.os }}-build-
             ${{ runner.os }}-
       - run: cargo build --all --release
+      - run: ./target/release/ruff_dev generate-rules-table
+      - run: ./target/release/ruff_dev generate-options
+      - run: git diff --quiet README.md || echo "::error file=README.md::This file is outdated. You may have to rerun 'cargo dev generate-options' and/or 'cargo dev generate-rules-table'."
+      - run: ./target/release/ruff_dev generate-check-code-prefix && cargo fmt -- src/checks_gen.rs
+      - run: git diff --quiet src/checks_gen.rs || echo "::error file=src/checks_gen.rs::This file is outdated. You may have to rerun 'cargo dev generate-check-code-prefix'."
+      - run: git diff --exit-code -- README.md src/checks_gen.rs
 
   cargo_fmt:
     name: "cargo fmt"

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.173
+    rev: v0.0.178
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
 

BREAKING_CHANGES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Breaking Changes
+
+## 0.0.178
+
+### Configuration files are now resolved hierarchically ([#1190](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1190))
+
+`pyproject.toml` files are now resolved hierarchically, such that for each Python file, we find
+the first `pyproject.toml` file in its path, and use that to determine its lint settings.
+
+See the [README](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff#pyprojecttoml-discovery) for more.

Cargo.lock

@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8-to-ruff"
-version = "0.0.173-dev.0"
+version = "0.0.178-dev.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap 4.0.29",
@@ -796,6 +796,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "glob"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b919933a397b79c37e33b77bb2aa3dc8eb6e165ad809e58ff75bc7db2e34574"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "globset"
 version = "0.4.9"
@@ -1821,7 +1827,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 dependencies = [
  "annotate-snippets 0.9.1",
  "anyhow",
@@ -1841,6 +1847,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fern",
  "filetime",
  "getrandom 0.2.8",
+ "glob",
  "globset",
  "insta",
  "itertools",
@@ -1874,7 +1881,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_dev"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap 4.0.29",
@@ -1892,7 +1899,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_macros"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1935,7 +1942,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-ast"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "rustpython-common",
@@ -1945,7 +1952,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-common"
 version = "0.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "ascii",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
@@ -1968,7 +1975,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-compiler-core"
 version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "bitflags",
@@ -1985,7 +1992,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-parser"
 version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "anyhow",

Cargo.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ members = [
 
 [package]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.65.0"
 
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ common-path = { version = "1.0.0" }
 dirs = { version = "4.0.0" }
 fern = { version = "0.6.1" }
 filetime = { version = "0.2.17" }
+glob = { version = "0.3.0" }
 globset = { version = "0.4.9" }
 itertools = { version = "0.10.5" }
 libcst = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/LibCST", rev = "f2f0b7a487a8725d161fe8b3ed73a6758b21e177" }
@@ -41,11 +42,11 @@ quick-junit = { version = "0.3.2" }
 rayon = { version = "1.5.3" }
 regex = { version = "1.6.0" }
 ropey = { version = "1.5.0", features = ["cr_lines", "simd"], default-features = false }
-ruff_macros = { version = "0.0.173", path = "ruff_macros" }
+ruff_macros = { version = "0.0.178", path = "ruff_macros" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "1.1.0" }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.147", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.87" }
 strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }

LICENSE

@@ -438,6 +438,31 @@ are:
     SOFTWARE.
   """
 
+- flake8-simplify, licensed as follows:
+  """
+    MIT License
+
+    Copyright (c) 2020 Martin Thoma
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+  """
+
 - isort, licensed as follows:
   """
     The MIT License (MIT)

README.md

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ Ruff is extremely actively developed and used in major open-source projects like
 - [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic)
 - [Saleor](https://github.com/saleor/saleor)
 - [Hatch](https://github.com/pypa/hatch)
+- [Jupyter Server](https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server)
 
 Read the [launch blog post](https://notes.crmarsh.com/python-tooling-could-be-much-much-faster).
 
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ of [Conda](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/):
    1. [flake8-print (T20)](#flake8-print-t20)
    1. [flake8-quotes (Q)](#flake8-quotes-q)
    1. [flake8-return (RET)](#flake8-return-ret)
+   1. [flake8-simplify (SIM)](#flake8-simplify-sim)
    1. [flake8-tidy-imports (TID)](#flake8-tidy-imports-tid)
    1. [flake8-unused-arguments (ARG)](#flake8-unused-arguments-arg)
    1. [eradicate (ERA)](#eradicate-era)
@@ -120,12 +122,18 @@ For **macOS Homebrew** and **Linuxbrew** users, Ruff is also available as [`ruff
 brew install ruff
 ```
 
-For Conda users, Ruff is also available as [`ruff`](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/ruff) on `conda-forge`:
+For **Conda** users, Ruff is also available as [`ruff`](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/ruff) on `conda-forge`:
 
 ```shell
 conda install -c conda-forge ruff
 ```
 
+For **Arch Linux** users, Ruff is also available as [`ruff`](https://archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/ruff/) on the official repositories:
+
+```shell
+pacman -S ruff
+```
+
 ### Usage
 
 To run Ruff, try any of the following:
@@ -147,7 +155,7 @@ Ruff also works with [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com):
 ```yaml
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.173
+    rev: v0.0.178
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
 ```
@@ -323,6 +331,40 @@ Options:
           Print version information
 ```
 
+### `pyproject.toml` discovery
+
+Similar to [ESLint](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/configuring/configuration-files#cascading-and-hierarchy),
+Ruff supports hierarchical configuration, such that the "closest" `pyproject.toml` file in the
+directory hierarchy is used for every individual file, with all paths in the `pyproject.toml` file
+(e.g., `exclude` globs, `src` paths) being resolved relative to the directory containing the
+`pyproject.toml` file.
+
+There are a few exceptions to these rules:
+
+1. If a configuration file is passed directly via `--config`, those settings are used for across
+   files. Any relative paths in that configuration file (like `exclude` globs or `src` paths) are
+   resolved relative to the _current working directory_.
+2. If no `pyproject.toml` file is found in the filesystem hierarchy, Ruff will fall back to using
+   a default configuration. If a user-specific configuration file exists at `${config_dir}/ruff/pyproject.toml`,
+   that file will be used instead of the default configuration, with `${config_dir}` being determined
+   via the [`dirs](https://docs.rs/dirs/4.0.0/dirs/fn.config_dir.html) crate, and all relative paths
+   being again resolved relative to the _current working directory_.
+3. Any `pyproject.toml`-supported settings that are provided on the command-line (e.g., via
+   `--select`) will override the settings in _every_ resolved configuration file.
+
+Unlike [ESLint](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/configuring/configuration-files#cascading-and-hierarchy),
+Ruff does not merge settings across configuration files; instead, the "closest" configuration file
+is used, and any parent configuration files are ignored. In lieu of this implicit cascade, Ruff
+supports an [`extend`](#extend) field, which allows you to inherit the settings from another
+`pyproject.toml` file, like so:
+
+```toml
+# Extend the `pyproject.toml` file in the parent directory.
+extend = "../pyproject.toml"
+# But use a different line length.
+line-length = 100
+```
+
 ### Ignoring errors
 
 To omit a lint check entirely, add it to the "ignore" list via [`ignore`](#ignore) or
@@ -362,7 +404,7 @@ For targeted exclusions across entire files (e.g., "Ignore all F841 violations i
 ### "Action Comments"
 
 Ruff respects `isort`'s ["Action Comments"](https://pycqa.github.io/isort/docs/configuration/action_comments.html)
-(`# isort: skip_file`, `# isort: on`, `# isort: off`, `# isort: skip`, and `isort: split`), which
+(`# isort: skip_file`, `# isort: on`, `# isort: off`, `# isort: skip`, and `# isort: split`), which
 enable selectively enabling and disabling import sorting for blocks of code and other inline
 configuration.
 
@@ -412,14 +454,14 @@ For more, see [Pyflakes](https://pypi.org/project/pyflakes/2.5.0/) on PyPI.
 | F501 | PercentFormatInvalidFormat | '...' % ... has invalid format string: ... |  |
 | F502 | PercentFormatExpectedMapping | '...' % ... expected mapping but got sequence |  |
 | F503 | PercentFormatExpectedSequence | '...' % ... expected sequence but got mapping |  |
-| F504 | PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments | '...' % ... has unused named argument(s): ... |  |
+| F504 | PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments | '...' % ... has unused named argument(s): ... | 🛠 |
 | F505 | PercentFormatMissingArgument | '...' % ... is missing argument(s) for placeholder(s): ... |  |
 | F506 | PercentFormatMixedPositionalAndNamed | '...' % ... has mixed positional and named placeholders |  |
 | F507 | PercentFormatPositionalCountMismatch | '...' % ... has 4 placeholder(s) but 2 substitution(s) |  |
 | F508 | PercentFormatStarRequiresSequence | '...' % ... `*` specifier requires sequence |  |
 | F509 | PercentFormatUnsupportedFormatCharacter | '...' % ... has unsupported format character 'c' |  |
 | F521 | StringDotFormatInvalidFormat | '...'.format(...) has invalid format string: ... |  |
-| F522 | StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments | '...'.format(...) has unused named argument(s): ... |  |
+| F522 | StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments | '...'.format(...) has unused named argument(s): ... | 🛠 |
 | F523 | StringDotFormatExtraPositionalArguments | '...'.format(...) has unused arguments at position(s): ... |  |
 | F524 | StringDotFormatMissingArguments | '...'.format(...) is missing argument(s) for placeholder(s): ... |  |
 | F525 | StringDotFormatMixingAutomatic | '...'.format(...) mixes automatic and manual numbering |  |
@@ -709,7 +751,7 @@ For more, see [flake8-comprehensions](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-comprehens
 | C409 | UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall | Unnecessary `(list\|tuple)` literal passed to `tuple()` (remove the outer call to `tuple()`) | 🛠 |
 | C410 | UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall | Unnecessary `(list\|tuple)` literal passed to `list()` (rewrite as a `list` literal) | 🛠 |
 | C411 | UnnecessaryListCall | Unnecessary `list` call (remove the outer call to `list()`) | 🛠 |
-| C413 | UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted | Unnecessary `(list\|reversed)` call around `sorted()` |  |
+| C413 | UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted | Unnecessary `(list\|reversed)` call around `sorted()` | 🛠 |
 | C414 | UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess | Unnecessary `(list\|reversed\|set\|sorted\|tuple)` call within `(list\|set\|sorted\|tuple)()` |  |
 | C415 | UnnecessarySubscriptReversal | Unnecessary subscript reversal of iterable within `(reversed\|set\|sorted)()` |  |
 | C416 | UnnecessaryComprehension | Unnecessary `(list\|set)` comprehension (rewrite using `(list\|set)()`) | 🛠 |
@@ -764,6 +806,14 @@ For more, see [flake8-return](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-return/1.2.0/) on
 | RET507 | SuperfluousElseContinue | Unnecessary `else` after `continue` statement |  |
 | RET508 | SuperfluousElseBreak | Unnecessary `else` after `break` statement |  |
 
+### flake8-simplify (SIM)
+
+For more, see [flake8-simplify](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-simplify/0.19.3/) on PyPI.
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| SIM118 | KeyInDict | Use `key in dict` instead of `key in dict.keys()` | 🛠 |
+
 ### flake8-tidy-imports (TID)
 
 For more, see [flake8-tidy-imports](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-tidy-imports/4.8.0/) on PyPI.
@@ -809,12 +859,15 @@ For more, see [Pylint](https://pypi.org/project/pylint/2.15.7/) on PyPI.
 | PLC0414 | UselessImportAlias | Import alias does not rename original package | 🛠 |
 | PLC2201 | MisplacedComparisonConstant | Comparison should be ... | 🛠 |
 | PLC3002 | UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall | Lambda expression called directly. Execute the expression inline instead. |  |
+| PLE0117 | NonlocalWithoutBinding | Nonlocal name `...` found without binding |  |
+| PLE0118 | UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration | Name `...` is used prior to global declaration on line 1 |  |
 | PLE1142 | AwaitOutsideAsync | `await` should be used within an async function |  |
 | PLR0206 | PropertyWithParameters | Cannot have defined parameters for properties |  |
 | PLR0402 | ConsiderUsingFromImport | Use `from ... import ...` in lieu of alias |  |
 | PLR1701 | ConsiderMergingIsinstance | Merge these isinstance calls: `isinstance(..., (...))` |  |
 | PLR1722 | UseSysExit | Use `sys.exit()` instead of `exit` | 🛠 |
 | PLW0120 | UselessElseOnLoop | Else clause on loop without a break statement, remove the else and de-indent all the code inside it |  |
+| PLW0602 | GlobalVariableNotAssigned | Using global for `...` but no assignment is done |  |
 
 ### Ruff-specific rules (RUF)
 
@@ -833,6 +886,37 @@ For more, see [Pylint](https://pypi.org/project/pylint/2.15.7/) on PyPI.
 
 Download the [Ruff VS Code extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=charliermarsh.ruff).
 
+### Language Server Protocol
+
+Ruff is available as a [Language Server Protocol (LSP)](https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/)
+server, distributed as the [`python-lsp-ruff`](https://github.com/python-lsp/python-lsp-ruff) plugin
+for [`python-lsp-server`](https://github.com/python-lsp/python-lsp-server), both of which are
+installable via [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/python-lsp-ruff/):
+
+```shell
+pip install python-lsp-server python-lsp-ruff
+```
+
+The LSP server can be used with any editor that supports the Language Server Protocol. For example,
+to use it with Neovim, you would add something like the following to your `init.lua`:
+
+```lua
+require'lspconfig'.pylsp.setup {
+  settings = {
+    pylsp = {
+      plugins = {
+        ruff = {
+          enabled = true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+}
+```
+
+[`ruffd`](https://github.com/Seamooo/ruffd) is another implementation of the Language Server
+Protocol (LSP) for Ruff, written in Rust.
+
 ### PyCharm
 
 Ruff can be installed as an [External Tool](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/configuring-third-party-tools.html)
@@ -845,10 +929,13 @@ Ruff should then appear as a runnable action:
 
 ![Ruff as a runnable action](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/193156026-732b0aaf-3dd9-4549-9b4d-2de6d2168a33.png)
 
-### Vim & Neovim (Unofficial)
+### Vim & Neovim
 
-Ruff is available as part of the [coc-pyright](https://github.com/fannheyward/coc-pyright) extension
-for coc.nvim.
+Ruff can be integrated into any editor that supports the Language Server Protocol (LSP) (see:
+[Language Server Protocol](#language-server-protocol)).
+
+Ruff is also available as part of the [coc-pyright](https://github.com/fannheyward/coc-pyright)
+extension for `coc.nvim`.
 
 <details>
 <summary>Ruff can also be integrated via <a href="https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lspconfig/blob/master/doc/server_configurations.md#efm"><code>efm</code></a> in just a <a href="https://github.com/JafarAbdi/myconfigs/blob/6f0b6b2450e92ec8fc50422928cd22005b919110/efm-langserver/config.yaml#L14-L20">few lines</a>.</summary>
@@ -904,11 +991,6 @@ null_ls.setup({
 
 </details>
 
-### Language Server Protocol (Unofficial)
-
-[`ruffd`](https://github.com/Seamooo/ruffd) is a Rust-based language server for Ruff that implements
-the Language Server Protocol (LSP).
-
 ### GitHub Actions
 
 GitHub Actions has everything you need to run Ruff out-of-the-box:
@@ -956,9 +1038,8 @@ Under those conditions, Ruff implements every rule in Flake8.
 Ruff also re-implements some of the most popular Flake8 plugins and related code quality tools
 natively, including:
 
-- [`isort`](https://pypi.org/project/isort/)
-- [`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/)
-- [`pep8-naming`](https://pypi.org/project/pep8-naming/)
+- [`autoflake`](https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/) (1/7)
+- [`eradicate`](https://pypi.org/project/eradicate/)
 - [`flake8-2020`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-2020/)
 - [`flake8-annotations`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-annotations/)
 - [`flake8-bandit`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bandit/) (6/40)
@@ -976,12 +1057,13 @@ natively, including:
 - [`flake8-return`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-return/)
 - [`flake8-super`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/)
 - [`flake8-tidy-imports`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-tidy-imports/) (1/3)
+- [`isort`](https://pypi.org/project/isort/)
 - [`mccabe`](https://pypi.org/project/mccabe/)
-- [`yesqa`](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa)
-- [`eradicate`](https://pypi.org/project/eradicate/)
-- [`pyupgrade`](https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/) (16/33)
+- [`pep8-naming`](https://pypi.org/project/pep8-naming/)
+- [`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/)
 - [`pygrep-hooks`](https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks) (1/10)
-- [`autoflake`](https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/) (1/7)
+- [`pyupgrade`](https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/) (16/33)
+- [`yesqa`](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa)
 
 Note that, in some cases, Ruff uses different error code prefixes than would be found in the
 originating Flake8 plugins. For example, Ruff uses `TID252` to represent the `I252` rule from
@@ -1012,8 +1094,6 @@ Pylint parity is being tracked in [#689](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/i
 
 Today, Ruff can be used to replace Flake8 when used with any of the following plugins:
 
-- [`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/)
-- [`pep8-naming`](https://pypi.org/project/pep8-naming/)
 - [`flake8-2020`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-2020/)
 - [`flake8-annotations`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-annotations/)
 - [`flake8-bandit`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bandit/) (6/40)
@@ -1032,6 +1112,8 @@ Today, Ruff can be used to replace Flake8 when used with any of the following pl
 - [`flake8-super`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/)
 - [`flake8-tidy-imports`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-tidy-imports/) (1/3)
 - [`mccabe`](https://pypi.org/project/mccabe/)
+- [`pep8-naming`](https://pypi.org/project/pep8-naming/)
+- [`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/)
 
 Ruff can also replace [`isort`](https://pypi.org/project/isort/),
 [`yesqa`](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa), [`eradicate`](https://pypi.org/project/eradicate/),
@@ -1374,7 +1456,7 @@ Exclusions are based on globs, and can be either:
   (to exclude any Python files in `directory`). Note that these paths are relative to the
   project root (e.g., the directory containing your `pyproject.toml`).
 
-Note that you'll typically want to use [`extend_exclude`](#extend_exclude) to modify
+Note that you'll typically want to use [`extend-exclude`](#extend-exclude) to modify
 the excluded paths.
 
 **Default value**: `[".bzr", ".direnv", ".eggs", ".git", ".hg", ".mypy_cache", ".nox", ".pants.d", ".ruff_cache", ".svn", ".tox", ".venv", "__pypackages__", "_build", "buck-out", "build", "dist", "node_modules", "venv"]`
@@ -1390,6 +1472,30 @@ exclude = [".venv"]
 
 ---
 
+#### [`extend`](#extend)
+
+A path to a local `pyproject.toml` file to merge into this configuration.
+
+To resolve the current `pyproject.toml` file, Ruff will first resolve this base
+configuration file, then merge in any properties defined in the current configuration
+file.
+
+**Default value**: `None`
+
+**Type**: `Path`
+
+**Example usage**:
+
+```toml
+[tool.ruff]
+# Extend the `pyproject.toml` file in the parent directory.
+extend = "../pyproject.toml"
+# But use a different line length.
+line-length = 100
+```
+
+---
+
 #### [`extend-exclude`](#extend-exclude)
 
 A list of file patterns to omit from linting, in addition to those specified by `exclude`.
@@ -1647,6 +1753,25 @@ show-source = true
 
 The source code paths to consider, e.g., when resolving first- vs. third-party imports.
 
+As an example: given a Python package structure like:
+
+```text
+my_package/
+  pyproject.toml
+  src/
+    my_package/
+      __init__.py
+      foo.py
+      bar.py
+```
+
+The `src` directory should be included in `source` (e.g., `source = ["src"]`), such that
+when resolving imports, `my_package.foo` is considered a first-party import.
+
+This field supports globs. For example, if you have a series of Python packages in
+a `python_modules` directory, `src = ["python_modules/*"]` would expand to incorporate
+all of the packages in that directory.
+
 **Default value**: `["."]`
 
 **Type**: `Vec<PathBuf>`

flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.lock

@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8_to_ruff"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -1975,7 +1975,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bincode",
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-ast"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "rustpython-common",
@@ -2038,7 +2038,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-common"
 version = "0.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "ascii",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
@@ -2061,7 +2061,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-compiler-core"
 version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "bitflags",
@@ -2078,7 +2078,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-parser"
 version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89#28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f#2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "anyhow",

flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "flake8-to-ruff"
-version = "0.0.173-dev.0"
+version = "0.0.178-dev.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [lib]

flake8_to_ruff/src/converter.rs

@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,
@@ -336,6 +338,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,
@@ -381,6 +384,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,
@@ -426,6 +430,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,
@@ -479,6 +484,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,
@@ -560,6 +566,7 @@ mod tests {
             allowed_confusables: None,
             dummy_variable_rgx: None,
             exclude: None,
+            extend: None,
             extend_exclude: None,
             extend_ignore: None,
             extend_select: None,

flake8_to_ruff/src/plugin.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub enum Plugin {
     Flake8Print,
     Flake8Quotes,
     Flake8Return,
+    Flake8Simplify,
     Flake8TidyImports,
     McCabe,
     PEP8Naming,
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ impl FromStr for Plugin {
             "flake8-print" => Ok(Plugin::Flake8Print),
             "flake8-quotes" => Ok(Plugin::Flake8Quotes),
             "flake8-return" => Ok(Plugin::Flake8Return),
+            "flake8-simplify" => Ok(Plugin::Flake8Simplify),
             "flake8-tidy-imports" => Ok(Plugin::Flake8TidyImports),
             "mccabe" => Ok(Plugin::McCabe),
             "pep8-naming" => Ok(Plugin::PEP8Naming),
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ impl Plugin {
             Plugin::Flake8Print => CheckCodePrefix::T2,
             Plugin::Flake8Quotes => CheckCodePrefix::Q,
             Plugin::Flake8Return => CheckCodePrefix::RET,
+            Plugin::Flake8Simplify => CheckCodePrefix::SIM,
             Plugin::Flake8TidyImports => CheckCodePrefix::I25,
             Plugin::McCabe => CheckCodePrefix::C9,
             Plugin::PEP8Naming => CheckCodePrefix::N,
@@ -101,6 +104,7 @@ impl Plugin {
             Plugin::Flake8Print => vec![CheckCodePrefix::T2],
             Plugin::Flake8Quotes => vec![CheckCodePrefix::Q],
             Plugin::Flake8Return => vec![CheckCodePrefix::RET],
+            Plugin::Flake8Simplify => vec![CheckCodePrefix::SIM],
             Plugin::Flake8TidyImports => vec![CheckCodePrefix::I25],
             Plugin::McCabe => vec![CheckCodePrefix::C9],
             Plugin::PEP8Naming => vec![CheckCodePrefix::N],
@@ -397,6 +401,7 @@ pub fn infer_plugins_from_codes(codes: &BTreeSet<CheckCodePrefix>) -> Vec<Plugin
         Plugin::Flake8Print,
         Plugin::Flake8Quotes,
         Plugin::Flake8Return,
+        Plugin::Flake8Simplify,
         Plugin::Flake8TidyImports,
         Plugin::PEP8Naming,
         Plugin::Pyupgrade,

resources/test/fixtures/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# fixtures
+
+Fixture files used for snapshot testing.

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM118.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+key in dict.keys() # SIM118
+
+foo["bar"] in dict.keys() # SIM118
+
+foo() in dict.keys() # SIM118
+
+for key in dict.keys(): # SIM118
+    pass
+
+for key in list(dict.keys()):
+    if some_property(key):
+        del dict[key]

resources/test/fixtures/isort/insert_empty_lines.py

@@ -39,3 +39,27 @@ if True:
     import collections
     import typing
     def f(): pass
+
+
+import os
+
+# Comment goes here.
+
+def f():
+    pass
+
+
+import os
+
+# Comment goes here.
+def f():
+    pass
+
+
+import os
+
+# Comment goes here.
+
+# And another.
+def f():
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/isort/insert_empty_lines.pyi

@@ -39,3 +39,27 @@ if True:
     import collections
     import typing
     def f(): pass
+
+
+import os
+
+# Comment goes here.
+
+def f():
+    pass
+
+
+import os
+
+# Comment goes here.
+def f():
+    pass
+
+
+import os
+
+# Comment goes here.
+
+# And another.
+def f():
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F504.py

@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ a = "wrong"
 
 hidden = {"a": "!"}
 "%(a)s %(c)s" % {"x": 1, **hidden}  # Ok (cannot see through splat)
+
+"%(a)s" % {"a": 1, r"b": "!"}  # F504 ("b" not used)
+"%(a)s" % {'a': 1, u"b": "!"}  # F504 ("b" not used)

resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F541.py

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ e = (
 )
 
 g = f"ghi{123:{45}}"
+h = "x" "y" f"z"

resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F821_6.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Test: annotated global."""
+
+
+n: int
+
+
+def f():
+    print(n)
+
+
+def g():
+    global n
+    n = 1
+
+
+g()
+f()

resources/test/fixtures/pylint/global_variable_not_assigned.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+###
+# Errors.
+###
+def f():
+    global x
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+###
+# Non-errors.
+###
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    x = 1
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    (x, y) = (1, 2)
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    del x

resources/test/fixtures/pylint/nonlocal_without_binding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+nonlocal x
+
+
+def f():
+    nonlocal x
+
+
+def f():
+    nonlocal y
+
+
+def f():
+    x = 1
+
+    def f():
+        nonlocal x
+
+    def f():
+        nonlocal y

resources/test/fixtures/pylint/used_prior_global_declaration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+###
+# Errors.
+###
+def f():
+    print(x)
+
+    global x
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    print(x)
+
+    global x
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f():
+    print(x)
+
+    global x, y
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y
+
+    print(x)
+
+    global x, y
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f():
+    x = 1
+
+    global x
+
+    x = 1
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    x = 1
+
+    global x
+
+    x = 1
+
+
+def f():
+    del x
+
+    global x, y
+
+    del x
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y
+
+    del x
+
+    global x, y
+
+    del x
+
+
+def f():
+    del x
+
+    global x
+
+    del x
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    del x
+
+    global x
+
+    del x
+
+
+def f():
+    del x
+
+    global x, y
+
+    del x
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y
+
+    del x
+
+    global x, y
+
+    del x
+
+
+###
+# Non-errors.
+###
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y
+
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    x = 1
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y
+
+    x = 1
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+
+    del x
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y
+
+    del x

resources/test/project/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# project
+
+An example multi-package Python project used to test setting resolution and other complex
+behaviors.
+
+## Expected behavior
+
+Running from the repo root should pick up and enforce the appropriate settings for each package:
+
+```
+∴ cargo run resources/test/project/
+Found 5 error(s).
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py:8:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+resources/test/project/src/file.py:1:8: F401 `os` imported but unused
+resources/test/project/src/file.py:5:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+resources/test/project/src/import_file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+3 potentially fixable with the --fix option.
+```
+
+Running from the project directory itself should exhibit the same behavior:
+
+```
+∴ cd resources/test/project/ && cargo run .
+Found 5 error(s).
+examples/docs/docs/file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+examples/docs/docs/file.py:8:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+src/file.py:1:8: F401 `os` imported but unused
+src/file.py:5:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+src/import_file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+3 potentially fixable with the --fix option.
+```
+
+Running from the sub-package directory should exhibit the same behavior, but omit the top-level
+files:
+
+```
+∴ cd resources/test/project/examples/docs && cargo run .
+Found 2 error(s).
+docs/file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+docs/file.py:8:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+1 potentially fixable with the --fix option.
+```
+
+`--config` should force Ruff to use the specified `pyproject.toml` for all files, and resolve
+file paths from the current working directory:
+
+```
+∴ cargo run -- --config=resources/test/project/pyproject.toml resources/test/project/
+Found 9 error(s).
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/concepts/file.py:1:8: F401 `os` imported but unused
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/concepts/file.py:5:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py:1:8: F401 `os` imported but unused
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py:3:8: F401 `numpy` imported but unused
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py:4:27: F401 `docs.concepts.file` imported but unused
+resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py:8:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+resources/test/project/src/file.py:1:8: F401 `os` imported but unused
+resources/test/project/src/file.py:5:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+resources/test/project/src/import_file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+6 potentially fixable with the --fix option.
+```
+
+Running from a parent directory should this "ignore" the `exclude` (hence, `concepts/file.py` gets
+included in the output):
+
+```
+∴ cd resources/test/project/examples && cargo run -- --config=docs/pyproject.toml .
+Found 3 error(s).
+docs/docs/concepts/file.py:5:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+docs/docs/file.py:1:1: I001 Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+docs/docs/file.py:8:5: F841 Local variable `x` is assigned to but never used
+1 potentially fixable with the --fix option.
+```

resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/concepts/file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+
+
+def f():
+    x = 1

resources/test/project/examples/docs/docs/file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+
+import numpy as np
+from docs.concepts import file
+
+
+def f():
+    x = 1

resources/test/project/examples/docs/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[tool.ruff]
+extend = "../../pyproject.toml"
+src = ["."]
+extend-select = ["I001"]
+extend-ignore = ["F401"]
+extend-exclude = ["./docs/concepts/file.py"]

resources/test/project/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[tool.ruff]
+src = [".", "python_modules/*"]
+extend-select = ["I001"]

resources/test/project/src/file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+
+
+def f():
+    x = 1

resources/test/project/src/import_file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import numpy as np
+from app import app_file
+from core import core_file
+
+np.array([1, 2, 3])
+app_file()
+core_file()

ruff_dev/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_dev"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ itertools = { version = "0.10.5" }
 libcst = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/LibCST", rev = "f2f0b7a487a8725d161fe8b3ed73a6758b21e177" }
 once_cell = { version = "1.16.0" }
 ruff = { path = ".." }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "28f9f65ccc625f00835d84bbb5fba274dce5aa89" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "2edd0d264c50c7807bcff03a52a6509e8b7f187f" }
 strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }
 strum_macros = { version = "0.24.3" }

ruff_macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_macros"
-version = "0.0.173"
+version = "0.0.178"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [lib]

src/ast/operations.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 use rustpython_ast::{Cmpop, Located};
 use rustpython_parser::ast::{Constant, Expr, ExprKind, Stmt, StmtKind};
 use rustpython_parser::lexer;
 use rustpython_parser::lexer::Tok;
 
 use crate::ast::types::{Binding, BindingKind, Scope};
+use crate::ast::visitor;
+use crate::ast::visitor::Visitor;
 
 /// Extract the names bound to a given __all__ assignment.
 pub fn extract_all_names(stmt: &Stmt, scope: &Scope, bindings: &[Binding]) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -69,6 +72,38 @@ pub fn extract_all_names(stmt: &Stmt, scope: &Scope, bindings: &[Binding]) -> Ve
     names
 }
 
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct GlobalVisitor<'a> {
+    globals: FxHashMap<&'a str, &'a Stmt>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for GlobalVisitor<'a> {
+    fn visit_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &'a Stmt) {
+        match &stmt.node {
+            StmtKind::Global { names } => {
+                for name in names {
+                    self.globals.insert(name, stmt);
+                }
+            }
+            StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. }
+            | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. }
+            | StmtKind::ClassDef { .. } => {
+                // Don't recurse.
+            }
+            _ => visitor::walk_stmt(self, stmt),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extract a map from global name to its last-defining `Stmt`.
+pub fn extract_globals(body: &[Stmt]) -> FxHashMap<&str, &Stmt> {
+    let mut visitor = GlobalVisitor::default();
+    for stmt in body {
+        visitor.visit_stmt(stmt);
+    }
+    visitor.globals
+}
+
 /// Check if a node is parent of a conditional branch.
 pub fn on_conditional_branch<'a>(parents: &mut impl Iterator<Item = &'a Stmt>) -> bool {
     parents.any(|parent| {

src/ast/types.rs

@@ -32,23 +32,29 @@ impl Range {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct FunctionDef<'a> {
+    // Properties derived from StmtKind::FunctionDef.
     pub name: &'a str,
     pub args: &'a Arguments,
     pub body: &'a [Stmt],
     pub decorator_list: &'a [Expr],
     // pub returns: Option<&'a Expr>,
     // pub type_comment: Option<&'a str>,
+    // Scope-specific properties.
     // TODO(charlie): Create AsyncFunctionDef to mirror the AST.
     pub async_: bool,
+    pub globals: FxHashMap<&'a str, &'a Stmt>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ClassDef<'a> {
+    // Properties derived from StmtKind::ClassDef.
     pub name: &'a str,
     pub bases: &'a [Expr],
     pub keywords: &'a [Keyword],
     // pub body: &'a [Stmt],
     pub decorator_list: &'a [Expr],
+    // Scope-specific properties.
+    pub globals: FxHashMap<&'a str, &'a Stmt>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]

src/autofix/fixer.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::autofix::Fix;
 use crate::checks::Check;
 use crate::source_code_locator::SourceCodeLocator;
 
-#[derive(Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum Mode {
     Generate,
     Apply,

src/check_ast.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use crate::visibility::{module_visibility, transition_scope, Modifier, Visibilit
 use crate::{
     docstrings, flake8_2020, flake8_annotations, flake8_bandit, flake8_blind_except,
     flake8_boolean_trap, flake8_bugbear, flake8_builtins, flake8_comprehensions, flake8_debugger,
-    flake8_import_conventions, flake8_print, flake8_return, flake8_tidy_imports,
+    flake8_import_conventions, flake8_print, flake8_return, flake8_simplify, flake8_tidy_imports,
     flake8_unused_arguments, mccabe, pep8_naming, pycodestyle, pydocstyle, pyflakes, pygrep_hooks,
     pylint, pyupgrade, visibility,
 };
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub struct Checker<'a> {
     deferred_type_definitions: Vec<(&'a Expr, bool, DeferralContext<'a>)>,
     deferred_functions: Vec<(&'a Stmt, DeferralContext<'a>, VisibleScope)>,
     deferred_lambdas: Vec<(&'a Expr, DeferralContext<'a>)>,
-    deferred_assignments: Vec<(usize, DeferralContext<'a>)>,
+    deferred_assignments: Vec<DeferralContext<'a>>,
     // Internal, derivative state.
     visible_scope: VisibleScope,
     in_f_string: Option<Range>,
@@ -241,23 +241,6 @@ where
             StmtKind::Global { names } => {
                 let scope_index = *self.scope_stack.last().expect("No current scope found");
                 if scope_index != GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX {
-                    // If the binding doesn't already exist in the global scope, add it.
-                    for name in names {
-                        if !self.scopes[GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX]
-                            .values
-                            .contains_key(&name.as_str())
-                        {
-                            let index = self.bindings.len();
-                            self.bindings.push(Binding {
-                                kind: BindingKind::Assignment,
-                                used: None,
-                                range: Range::from_located(stmt),
-                                source: None,
-                            });
-                            self.scopes[GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX].values.insert(name, index);
-                        }
-                    }
-
                     // Add the binding to the current scope.
                     let scope = &mut self.scopes[scope_index];
                     let usage = Some((scope.id, Range::from_located(stmt)));
@@ -267,7 +250,7 @@ where
                             kind: BindingKind::Global,
                             used: usage,
                             range: Range::from_located(stmt),
-                            source: None,
+                            source: Some(RefEquality(stmt)),
                         });
                         scope.values.insert(name, index);
                     }
@@ -297,7 +280,7 @@ where
                             kind: BindingKind::Nonlocal,
                             used: usage,
                             range: Range::from_located(stmt),
-                            source: None,
+                            source: Some(RefEquality(stmt)),
                         });
                         scope.values.insert(name, index);
                     }
@@ -305,11 +288,23 @@ where
                     // Mark the binding in the defining scopes as used too. (Skip the global scope
                     // and the current scope.)
                     for name in names {
+                        let mut exists = false;
                         for index in self.scope_stack.iter().skip(1).rev().skip(1) {
                             if let Some(index) = self.scopes[*index].values.get(&name.as_str()) {
+                                exists = true;
                                 self.bindings[*index].used = usage;
                             }
                         }
+
+                        // Ensure that every nonlocal has an existing binding from a parent scope.
+                        if !exists {
+                            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::PLE0117) {
+                                self.add_check(Check::new(
+                                    CheckKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding(name.to_string()),
+                                    Range::from_located(stmt),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -589,12 +584,6 @@ where
                 for expr in decorator_list {
                     self.visit_expr(expr);
                 }
-                self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Class(ClassDef {
-                    name,
-                    bases,
-                    keywords,
-                    decorator_list,
-                })));
             }
             StmtKind::Import { names } => {
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::E402) {
@@ -1070,6 +1059,9 @@ where
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::PLW0120) {
                     pylint::plugins::useless_else_on_loop(self, stmt, body, orelse);
                 }
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::SIM118) {
+                    flake8_simplify::plugins::key_in_dict_for(self, target, iter);
+                }
             }
             StmtKind::Try { handlers, .. } => {
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F707) {
@@ -1135,7 +1127,20 @@ where
         // Recurse.
         let prev_visible_scope = self.visible_scope.clone();
         match &stmt.node {
-            StmtKind::FunctionDef { body, .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { body, .. } => {
+            StmtKind::FunctionDef {
+                body,
+                name,
+                args,
+                decorator_list,
+                ..
+            }
+            | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef {
+                body,
+                name,
+                args,
+                decorator_list,
+                ..
+            } => {
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::B021) {
                     flake8_bugbear::plugins::f_string_docstring(self, body);
                 }
@@ -1150,13 +1155,50 @@ where
                     .push((definition, scope.visibility.clone()));
                 self.visible_scope = scope;
 
+                // If any global bindings don't already exist in the global scope, add it.
+                let globals = operations::extract_globals(body);
+                for (name, stmt) in operations::extract_globals(body) {
+                    if self.scopes[GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX]
+                        .values
+                        .get(name)
+                        .map_or(true, |index| {
+                            matches!(self.bindings[*index].kind, BindingKind::Annotation)
+                        })
+                    {
+                        let index = self.bindings.len();
+                        self.bindings.push(Binding {
+                            kind: BindingKind::Assignment,
+                            used: None,
+                            range: Range::from_located(stmt),
+                            source: Some(RefEquality(stmt)),
+                        });
+                        self.scopes[GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX].values.insert(name, index);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Function(FunctionDef {
+                    name,
+                    body,
+                    args,
+                    decorator_list,
+                    async_: matches!(stmt.node, StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. }),
+                    globals,
+                })));
+
                 self.deferred_functions.push((
                     stmt,
                     (self.scope_stack.clone(), self.parents.clone()),
                     self.visible_scope.clone(),
                 ));
             }
-            StmtKind::ClassDef { body, .. } => {
+            StmtKind::ClassDef {
+                body,
+                name,
+                bases,
+                keywords,
+                decorator_list,
+                ..
+            } => {
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::B021) {
                     flake8_bugbear::plugins::f_string_docstring(self, body);
                 }
@@ -1171,6 +1213,35 @@ where
                     .push((definition, scope.visibility.clone()));
                 self.visible_scope = scope;
 
+                // If any global bindings don't already exist in the global scope, add it.
+                let globals = operations::extract_globals(body);
+                for (name, stmt) in &globals {
+                    if self.scopes[GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX]
+                        .values
+                        .get(name)
+                        .map_or(true, |index| {
+                            matches!(self.bindings[*index].kind, BindingKind::Annotation)
+                        })
+                    {
+                        let index = self.bindings.len();
+                        self.bindings.push(Binding {
+                            kind: BindingKind::Assignment,
+                            used: None,
+                            range: Range::from_located(stmt),
+                            source: Some(RefEquality(stmt)),
+                        });
+                        self.scopes[GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX].values.insert(name, index);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Class(ClassDef {
+                    name,
+                    bases,
+                    keywords,
+                    decorator_list,
+                    globals,
+                })));
+
                 for stmt in body {
                     self.visit_stmt(stmt);
                 }
@@ -1222,18 +1293,24 @@ where
         self.visible_scope = prev_visible_scope;
 
         // Post-visit.
-        if let StmtKind::ClassDef { name, .. } = &stmt.node {
-            self.pop_scope();
-            self.add_binding(
-                name,
-                Binding {
-                    kind: BindingKind::ClassDefinition,
-                    used: None,
-                    range: Range::from_located(stmt),
-                    source: Some(self.current_parent().clone()),
-                },
-            );
-        };
+        match &stmt.node {
+            StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. } => {
+                self.pop_scope();
+            }
+            StmtKind::ClassDef { name, .. } => {
+                self.pop_scope();
+                self.add_binding(
+                    name,
+                    Binding {
+                        kind: BindingKind::ClassDefinition,
+                        used: None,
+                        range: Range::from_located(stmt),
+                        source: Some(self.current_parent().clone()),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
 
         self.pop_parent();
     }
@@ -1363,6 +1440,10 @@ where
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::YTT202) {
                     flake8_2020::plugins::name_or_attribute(self, expr);
                 }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::PLE0118) {
+                    pylint::plugins::used_prior_global_declaration(self, id, expr);
+                }
             }
             ExprKind::Attribute { attr, .. } => {
                 // Ex) typing.List[...]
@@ -1415,41 +1496,28 @@ where
                                     }
                                     Ok(summary) => {
                                         if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F522) {
-                                            if let Some(check) = pyflakes::checks::string_dot_format_extra_named_arguments(
+                                            pyflakes::plugins::string_dot_format_extra_named_arguments(self,
                                                 &summary, keywords, location,
-                                            )
-                                            {
-                                                self.add_check(check);
-                                            }
+                                            );
                                         }
 
                                         if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F523) {
-                                            if let Some(check) = pyflakes::checks::string_dot_format_extra_positional_arguments(
+                                            pyflakes::plugins::string_dot_format_extra_positional_arguments(
+                                                self,
                                                 &summary, args, location,
-                                            )
-                                            {
-                                                self.add_check(check);
-                                            }
+                                            );
                                         }
 
                                         if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F524) {
-                                            if let Some(check) =
-                                                pyflakes::checks::string_dot_format_missing_argument(
-                                                    &summary, args, keywords, location,
-                                                )
-                                            {
-                                                self.add_check(check);
-                                            }
+                                            pyflakes::plugins::string_dot_format_missing_argument(
+                                                self, &summary, args, keywords, location,
+                                            );
                                         }
 
                                         if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F525) {
-                                            if let Some(check) =
-                                                pyflakes::checks::string_dot_format_mixing_automatic(
-                                                    &summary, location,
-                                                )
-                                            {
-                                                self.add_check(check);
-                                            }
+                                            pyflakes::plugins::string_dot_format_mixing_automatic(
+                                                self, &summary, location,
+                                            );
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -1900,67 +1968,39 @@ where
                             }
                             Ok(summary) => {
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F502) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_expected_mapping(
-                                            &summary, right, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_expected_mapping(
+                                        self, &summary, right, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F503) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_expected_sequence(
-                                            &summary, right, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_expected_sequence(
+                                        self, &summary, right, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F504) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_extra_named_arguments(
-                                            &summary, right, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_extra_named_arguments(
+                                        self, &summary, right, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F505) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_missing_arguments(
-                                            &summary, right, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_missing_arguments(
+                                        self, &summary, right, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F506) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_mixed_positional_and_named(
-                                            &summary, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_mixed_positional_and_named(
+                                        self, &summary, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F507) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_positional_count_mismatch(
-                                            &summary, right, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_positional_count_mismatch(
+                                        self, &summary, right, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F508) {
-                                    if let Some(check) =
-                                        pyflakes::checks::percent_format_star_requires_sequence(
-                                            &summary, right, location,
-                                        )
-                                    {
-                                        self.add_check(check);
-                                    }
+                                    pyflakes::plugins::percent_format_star_requires_sequence(
+                                        self, &summary, right, location,
+                                    );
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -2053,6 +2093,16 @@ where
                         comparators,
                     );
                 }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::SIM118) {
+                    flake8_simplify::plugins::key_in_dict_compare(
+                        self,
+                        expr,
+                        left,
+                        ops,
+                        comparators,
+                    );
+                }
             }
             ExprKind::Constant {
                 value: Constant::Str(value),
@@ -2692,6 +2742,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             let mut first_iter = true;
             let mut in_generator = false;
             let mut import_starred = false;
+
             for scope_index in self.scope_stack.iter().rev() {
                 let scope = &self.scopes[*scope_index];
 
@@ -3054,27 +3105,8 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             self.visible_scope = visibility;
 
             match &stmt.node {
-                StmtKind::FunctionDef {
-                    name,
-                    body,
-                    args,
-                    decorator_list,
-                    ..
-                }
-                | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef {
-                    name,
-                    body,
-                    args,
-                    decorator_list,
-                    ..
-                } => {
-                    self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Function(FunctionDef {
-                        name,
-                        body,
-                        args,
-                        decorator_list,
-                        async_: matches!(stmt.node, StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. }),
-                    })));
+                StmtKind::FunctionDef { body, args, .. }
+                | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { body, args, .. } => {
                     self.visit_arguments(args);
                     for stmt in body {
                         self.visit_stmt(stmt);
@@ -3083,12 +3115,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
                 _ => unreachable!("Expected StmtKind::FunctionDef | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef"),
             }
 
-            self.deferred_assignments.push((
-                *self.scope_stack.last().expect("No current scope found"),
-                (scopes, parents),
-            ));
-
-            self.pop_scope();
+            self.deferred_assignments.push((scopes, parents));
         }
     }
 
@@ -3099,29 +3126,25 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             self.parents = parents.clone();
 
             if let ExprKind::Lambda { args, body } = &expr.node {
-                self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Lambda(Lambda { args, body })));
                 self.visit_arguments(args);
                 self.visit_expr(body);
             } else {
                 unreachable!("Expected ExprKind::Lambda");
             }
 
-            self.deferred_assignments.push((
-                *self.scope_stack.last().expect("No current scope found"),
-                (scopes, parents),
-            ));
-
-            self.pop_scope();
+            self.deferred_assignments.push((scopes, parents));
         }
     }
 
     fn check_deferred_assignments(&mut self) {
         self.deferred_assignments.reverse();
-        while let Some((index, (scopes, _parents))) = self.deferred_assignments.pop() {
+        while let Some((scopes, _parents)) = self.deferred_assignments.pop() {
+            let scope_index = scopes[scopes.len() - 1];
+            let parent_scope_index = scopes[scopes.len() - 2];
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F841) {
                 self.add_checks(
                     pyflakes::checks::unused_variable(
-                        &self.scopes[index],
+                        &self.scopes[scope_index],
                         &self.bindings,
                         &self.settings.dummy_variable_rgx,
                     )
@@ -3131,7 +3154,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F842) {
                 self.add_checks(
                     pyflakes::checks::unused_annotation(
-                        &self.scopes[index],
+                        &self.scopes[scope_index],
                         &self.bindings,
                         &self.settings.dummy_variable_rgx,
                     )
@@ -3147,10 +3170,8 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
                 self.add_checks(
                     flake8_unused_arguments::plugins::unused_arguments(
                         self,
-                        &self.scopes[*scopes
-                            .last()
-                            .expect("Expected parent scope above function scope")],
-                        &self.scopes[index],
+                        &self.scopes[parent_scope_index],
+                        &self.scopes[scope_index],
                         &self.bindings,
                     )
                     .into_iter(),
@@ -3164,6 +3185,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             && !self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F405)
             && !self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F811)
             && !self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F822)
+            && !self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::PLW0602)
         {
             return;
         }
@@ -3175,6 +3197,24 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             .rev()
             .map(|index| &self.scopes[*index])
         {
+            // PLW0602
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::PLW0602) {
+                for (name, index) in &scope.values {
+                    let binding = &self.bindings[*index];
+                    if matches!(binding.kind, BindingKind::Global) {
+                        checks.push(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::GlobalVariableNotAssigned((*name).to_string()),
+                            binding.range,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Imports in classes are public members.
+            if matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Class(..)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             let all_binding: Option<&Binding> = scope
                 .values
                 .get("__all__")
@@ -3202,9 +3242,9 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
                 }
             }
 
-            // Look for any bindings that were redefined in another scope, and remain unused.
-            // Note that we only store references in `redefinitions` if the bindings are in
-            // different scopes.
+            // Look for any bindings that were redefined in another scope, and remain
+            // unused. Note that we only store references in `redefinitions` if
+            // the bindings are in different scopes.
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F811) {
                 for (name, index) in &scope.values {
                     let binding = &self.bindings[*index];

src/check_imports.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn check_imports(
     autofix: bool,
     path: &Path,
 ) -> Vec<Check> {
-    let mut tracker = ImportTracker::new(directives, path);
+    let mut tracker = ImportTracker::new(locator, directives, path);
     for stmt in python_ast {
         tracker.visit_stmt(stmt);
     }

src/checks.rs

@@ -99,12 +99,15 @@ pub enum CheckCode {
     PLC0414,
     PLC2201,
     PLC3002,
+    PLE0117,
+    PLE0118,
     PLE1142,
     PLR0206,
     PLR0402,
     PLR1701,
     PLR1722,
     PLW0120,
+    PLW0602,
     // flake8-builtins
     A001,
     A002,
@@ -203,6 +206,8 @@ pub enum CheckCode {
     YTT301,
     YTT302,
     YTT303,
+    // flake8-simplify
+    SIM118,
     // pyupgrade
     UP001,
     UP003,
@@ -334,6 +339,7 @@ pub enum CheckCategory {
     Flake8Print,
     Flake8Quotes,
     Flake8Return,
+    Flake8Simplify,
     Flake8TidyImports,
     Flake8UnusedArguments,
     Eradicate,
@@ -374,6 +380,7 @@ impl CheckCategory {
             CheckCategory::Flake8Quotes => "flake8-quotes",
             CheckCategory::Flake8Return => "flake8-return",
             CheckCategory::Flake8TidyImports => "flake8-tidy-imports",
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Simplify => "flake8-simplify",
             CheckCategory::Flake8UnusedArguments => "flake8-unused-arguments",
             CheckCategory::Isort => "isort",
             CheckCategory::McCabe => "mccabe",
@@ -403,6 +410,7 @@ impl CheckCategory {
             CheckCategory::Flake8Print => vec![CheckCodePrefix::T20],
             CheckCategory::Flake8Quotes => vec![CheckCodePrefix::Q],
             CheckCategory::Flake8Return => vec![CheckCodePrefix::RET],
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Simplify => vec![CheckCodePrefix::SIM],
             CheckCategory::Flake8TidyImports => vec![CheckCodePrefix::TID],
             CheckCategory::Flake8UnusedArguments => vec![CheckCodePrefix::ARG],
             CheckCategory::Isort => vec![CheckCodePrefix::I],
@@ -478,6 +486,10 @@ impl CheckCategory {
                 "https://pypi.org/project/flake8-return/1.2.0/",
                 &Platform::PyPI,
             )),
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Simplify => Some((
+                "https://pypi.org/project/flake8-simplify/0.19.3/",
+                &Platform::PyPI,
+            )),
             CheckCategory::Flake8TidyImports => Some((
                 "https://pypi.org/project/flake8-tidy-imports/4.8.0/",
                 &Platform::PyPI,
@@ -635,15 +647,18 @@ pub enum CheckKind {
     UnusedVariable(String),
     YieldOutsideFunction(DeferralKeyword),
     // pylint
-    ConsiderMergingIsinstance(String, Vec<String>),
-    UselessImportAlias,
-    MisplacedComparisonConstant(String),
-    UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall,
-    PropertyWithParameters,
-    ConsiderUsingFromImport(String, String),
     AwaitOutsideAsync,
-    UselessElseOnLoop,
+    ConsiderMergingIsinstance(String, Vec<String>),
+    ConsiderUsingFromImport(String, String),
+    GlobalVariableNotAssigned(String),
+    MisplacedComparisonConstant(String),
+    NonlocalWithoutBinding(String),
+    PropertyWithParameters,
+    UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall,
     UseSysExit(String),
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration(String, usize),
+    UselessElseOnLoop,
+    UselessImportAlias,
     // flake8-builtins
     BuiltinVariableShadowing(String),
     BuiltinArgumentShadowing(String),
@@ -740,6 +755,8 @@ pub enum CheckKind {
     SysVersion0Referenced,
     SysVersionCmpStr10,
     SysVersionSlice1Referenced,
+    // flake8-simplify
+    KeyInDict(String, String),
     // pyupgrade
     TypeOfPrimitive(Primitive),
     UselessMetaclassType,
@@ -950,6 +967,8 @@ impl CheckCode {
             CheckCode::PLC0414 => CheckKind::UselessImportAlias,
             CheckCode::PLC2201 => CheckKind::MisplacedComparisonConstant("...".to_string()),
             CheckCode::PLC3002 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall,
+            CheckCode::PLE0117 => CheckKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding("...".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::PLE0118 => CheckKind::UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration("...".to_string(), 1),
             CheckCode::PLE1142 => CheckKind::AwaitOutsideAsync,
             CheckCode::PLR0402 => {
                 CheckKind::ConsiderUsingFromImport("...".to_string(), "...".to_string())
@@ -960,6 +979,7 @@ impl CheckCode {
             }
             CheckCode::PLR1722 => CheckKind::UseSysExit("exit".to_string()),
             CheckCode::PLW0120 => CheckKind::UselessElseOnLoop,
+            CheckCode::PLW0602 => CheckKind::GlobalVariableNotAssigned("...".to_string()),
             // flake8-builtins
             CheckCode::A001 => CheckKind::BuiltinVariableShadowing("...".to_string()),
             CheckCode::A002 => CheckKind::BuiltinArgumentShadowing("...".to_string()),
@@ -1073,6 +1093,8 @@ impl CheckCode {
             CheckCode::YTT303 => CheckKind::SysVersionSlice1Referenced,
             // flake8-blind-except
             CheckCode::BLE001 => CheckKind::BlindExcept("Exception".to_string()),
+            // flake8-simplify
+            CheckCode::SIM118 => CheckKind::KeyInDict("key".to_string(), "dict".to_string()),
             // pyupgrade
             CheckCode::UP001 => CheckKind::UselessMetaclassType,
             CheckCode::UP003 => CheckKind::TypeOfPrimitive(Primitive::Str),
@@ -1402,12 +1424,15 @@ impl CheckCode {
             CheckCode::PLC0414 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLC2201 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLC3002 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
+            CheckCode::PLE0117 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
+            CheckCode::PLE0118 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLE1142 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLR0206 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLR0402 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLR1701 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLR1722 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::PLW0120 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
+            CheckCode::PLW0602 => CheckCategory::Pylint,
             CheckCode::Q000 => CheckCategory::Flake8Quotes,
             CheckCode::Q001 => CheckCategory::Flake8Quotes,
             CheckCode::Q002 => CheckCategory::Flake8Quotes,
@@ -1430,6 +1455,7 @@ impl CheckCode {
             CheckCode::S105 => CheckCategory::Flake8Bandit,
             CheckCode::S106 => CheckCategory::Flake8Bandit,
             CheckCode::S107 => CheckCategory::Flake8Bandit,
+            CheckCode::SIM118 => CheckCategory::Flake8Simplify,
             CheckCode::T100 => CheckCategory::Flake8Debugger,
             CheckCode::T201 => CheckCategory::Flake8Print,
             CheckCode::T203 => CheckCategory::Flake8Print,
@@ -1530,15 +1556,18 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::NoNewLineAtEndOfFile => &CheckCode::W292,
             CheckKind::InvalidEscapeSequence(_) => &CheckCode::W605,
             // pylint
-            CheckKind::UselessImportAlias => &CheckCode::PLC0414,
-            CheckKind::MisplacedComparisonConstant(..) => &CheckCode::PLC2201,
-            CheckKind::UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall => &CheckCode::PLC3002,
             CheckKind::AwaitOutsideAsync => &CheckCode::PLE1142,
             CheckKind::ConsiderMergingIsinstance(..) => &CheckCode::PLR1701,
-            CheckKind::PropertyWithParameters => &CheckCode::PLR0206,
             CheckKind::ConsiderUsingFromImport(..) => &CheckCode::PLR0402,
+            CheckKind::GlobalVariableNotAssigned(..) => &CheckCode::PLW0602,
+            CheckKind::MisplacedComparisonConstant(..) => &CheckCode::PLC2201,
+            CheckKind::PropertyWithParameters => &CheckCode::PLR0206,
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall => &CheckCode::PLC3002,
             CheckKind::UseSysExit(_) => &CheckCode::PLR1722,
+            CheckKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding(..) => &CheckCode::PLE0117,
+            CheckKind::UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration(..) => &CheckCode::PLE0118,
             CheckKind::UselessElseOnLoop => &CheckCode::PLW0120,
+            CheckKind::UselessImportAlias => &CheckCode::PLC0414,
             // flake8-builtins
             CheckKind::BuiltinVariableShadowing(_) => &CheckCode::A001,
             CheckKind::BuiltinArgumentShadowing(_) => &CheckCode::A002,
@@ -1635,6 +1664,8 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::SysVersion0Referenced => &CheckCode::YTT301,
             CheckKind::SysVersionCmpStr10 => &CheckCode::YTT302,
             CheckKind::SysVersionSlice1Referenced => &CheckCode::YTT303,
+            // flake8-simplify
+            CheckKind::KeyInDict(..) => &CheckCode::SIM118,
             // pyupgrade
             CheckKind::TypeOfPrimitive(_) => &CheckCode::UP003,
             CheckKind::UselessMetaclassType => &CheckCode::UP001,
@@ -1947,6 +1978,9 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::MisplacedComparisonConstant(comparison) => {
                 format!("Comparison should be {comparison}")
             }
+            CheckKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding(name) => {
+                format!("Nonlocal name `{name}` found without binding")
+            }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryDirectLambdaCall => "Lambda expression called directly. Execute \
                                                        the expression inline instead."
                 .to_string(),
@@ -1956,6 +1990,12 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::ConsiderUsingFromImport(module, name) => {
                 format!("Use `from {module} import {name}` in lieu of alias")
             }
+            CheckKind::UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration(name, line) => {
+                format!("Name `{name}` is used prior to global declaration on line {line}")
+            }
+            CheckKind::GlobalVariableNotAssigned(name) => {
+                format!("Using global for `{name}` but no assignment is done")
+            }
             CheckKind::AwaitOutsideAsync => {
                 "`await` should be used within an async function".to_string()
             }
@@ -2292,6 +2332,10 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::SysVersionSlice1Referenced => {
                 "`sys.version[:1]` referenced (python10), use `sys.version_info`".to_string()
             }
+            // flake8-simplify
+            CheckKind::KeyInDict(key, dict) => {
+                format!("Use `{key} in {dict}` instead of `{key} in {dict}.keys()`")
+            }
             // pyupgrade
             CheckKind::TypeOfPrimitive(primitive) => {
                 format!("Use `{}` instead of `type(...)`", primitive.builtin())
@@ -2636,6 +2680,7 @@ impl CheckKind {
                 | CheckKind::ImplicitReturn
                 | CheckKind::ImplicitReturnValue
                 | CheckKind::IsLiteral
+                | CheckKind::KeyInDict(..)
                 | CheckKind::MisplacedComparisonConstant(..)
                 | CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph
                 | CheckKind::NewLineAfterSectionName(..)
@@ -2651,6 +2696,7 @@ impl CheckKind {
                 | CheckKind::NotIsTest
                 | CheckKind::OneBlankLineAfterClass(..)
                 | CheckKind::OneBlankLineBeforeClass(..)
+                | CheckKind::PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments(..)
                 | CheckKind::PEP3120UnnecessaryCodingComment
                 | CheckKind::PPrintFound
                 | CheckKind::PrintFound
@@ -2663,9 +2709,11 @@ impl CheckKind {
                 | CheckKind::SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength(..)
                 | CheckKind::SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented(..)
                 | CheckKind::SetAttrWithConstant
+                | CheckKind::StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments(..)
                 | CheckKind::SuperCallWithParameters
                 | CheckKind::TrueFalseComparison(..)
                 | CheckKind::TypeOfPrimitive(..)
+                | CheckKind::UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted(..)
                 | CheckKind::UnnecessaryCollectionCall(..)
                 | CheckKind::UnnecessaryComprehension(..)
                 | CheckKind::UnnecessaryEncodeUTF8

src/checks_gen.rs

@@ -315,6 +315,11 @@ pub enum CheckCodePrefix {
     PLC300,
     PLC3002,
     PLE,
+    PLE0,
+    PLE01,
+    PLE011,
+    PLE0117,
+    PLE0118,
     PLE1,
     PLE11,
     PLE114,
@@ -338,6 +343,9 @@ pub enum CheckCodePrefix {
     PLW01,
     PLW012,
     PLW0120,
+    PLW06,
+    PLW060,
+    PLW0602,
     Q,
     Q0,
     Q00,
@@ -374,6 +382,10 @@ pub enum CheckCodePrefix {
     S105,
     S106,
     S107,
+    SIM,
+    SIM1,
+    SIM11,
+    SIM118,
     T,
     T1,
     T10,
@@ -1343,7 +1355,14 @@ impl CheckCodePrefix {
             CheckCodePrefix::PLC30 => vec![CheckCode::PLC3002],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLC300 => vec![CheckCode::PLC3002],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLC3002 => vec![CheckCode::PLC3002],
-            CheckCodePrefix::PLE => vec![CheckCode::PLE1142],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE => {
+                vec![CheckCode::PLE0117, CheckCode::PLE0118, CheckCode::PLE1142]
+            }
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE0 => vec![CheckCode::PLE0117, CheckCode::PLE0118],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE01 => vec![CheckCode::PLE0117, CheckCode::PLE0118],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE011 => vec![CheckCode::PLE0117, CheckCode::PLE0118],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE0117 => vec![CheckCode::PLE0117],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE0118 => vec![CheckCode::PLE0118],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE1 => vec![CheckCode::PLE1142],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE11 => vec![CheckCode::PLE1142],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE114 => vec![CheckCode::PLE1142],
@@ -1367,11 +1386,14 @@ impl CheckCodePrefix {
             CheckCodePrefix::PLR1701 => vec![CheckCode::PLR1701],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLR172 => vec![CheckCode::PLR1722],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLR1722 => vec![CheckCode::PLR1722],
-            CheckCodePrefix::PLW => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120],
-            CheckCodePrefix::PLW0 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120, CheckCode::PLW0602],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW0 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120, CheckCode::PLW0602],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLW01 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLW012 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120],
             CheckCodePrefix::PLW0120 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0120],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW06 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0602],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW060 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0602],
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW0602 => vec![CheckCode::PLW0602],
             CheckCodePrefix::Q => vec![
                 CheckCode::Q000,
                 CheckCode::Q001,
@@ -1476,6 +1498,10 @@ impl CheckCodePrefix {
             CheckCodePrefix::S105 => vec![CheckCode::S105],
             CheckCodePrefix::S106 => vec![CheckCode::S106],
             CheckCodePrefix::S107 => vec![CheckCode::S107],
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM => vec![CheckCode::SIM118],
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM1 => vec![CheckCode::SIM118],
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM11 => vec![CheckCode::SIM118],
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM118 => vec![CheckCode::SIM118],
             CheckCodePrefix::T => vec![CheckCode::T100, CheckCode::T201, CheckCode::T203],
             CheckCodePrefix::T1 => vec![CheckCode::T100],
             CheckCodePrefix::T10 => vec![CheckCode::T100],
@@ -2118,6 +2144,11 @@ impl CheckCodePrefix {
             CheckCodePrefix::PLC300 => SuffixLength::Three,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLC3002 => SuffixLength::Four,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE => SuffixLength::Zero,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE0 => SuffixLength::One,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE01 => SuffixLength::Two,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE011 => SuffixLength::Three,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE0117 => SuffixLength::Four,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLE0118 => SuffixLength::Four,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE1 => SuffixLength::One,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE11 => SuffixLength::Two,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLE114 => SuffixLength::Three,
@@ -2141,6 +2172,9 @@ impl CheckCodePrefix {
             CheckCodePrefix::PLW01 => SuffixLength::Two,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLW012 => SuffixLength::Three,
             CheckCodePrefix::PLW0120 => SuffixLength::Four,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW06 => SuffixLength::Two,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW060 => SuffixLength::Three,
+            CheckCodePrefix::PLW0602 => SuffixLength::Four,
             CheckCodePrefix::Q => SuffixLength::Zero,
             CheckCodePrefix::Q0 => SuffixLength::One,
             CheckCodePrefix::Q00 => SuffixLength::Two,
@@ -2177,6 +2211,10 @@ impl CheckCodePrefix {
             CheckCodePrefix::S105 => SuffixLength::Three,
             CheckCodePrefix::S106 => SuffixLength::Three,
             CheckCodePrefix::S107 => SuffixLength::Three,
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM => SuffixLength::Zero,
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM1 => SuffixLength::One,
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM11 => SuffixLength::Two,
+            CheckCodePrefix::SIM118 => SuffixLength::Three,
             CheckCodePrefix::T => SuffixLength::Zero,
             CheckCodePrefix::T1 => SuffixLength::One,
             CheckCodePrefix::T10 => SuffixLength::Two,
@@ -2277,6 +2315,7 @@ pub const CATEGORIES: &[CheckCodePrefix] = &[
     CheckCodePrefix::RET,
     CheckCodePrefix::RUF,
     CheckCodePrefix::S,
+    CheckCodePrefix::SIM,
     CheckCodePrefix::T,
     CheckCodePrefix::TID,
     CheckCodePrefix::UP,

src/cli.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use clap::{command, Parser};
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
 use crate::checks::CheckCode;
 use crate::checks_gen::CheckCodePrefix;
+use crate::fs;
 use crate::logging::LogLevel;
 use crate::settings::types::{
     FilePattern, PatternPrefixPair, PerFileIgnore, PythonVersion, SerializationFormat,
@@ -47,46 +48,48 @@ pub struct Cli {
     pub no_cache: bool,
     /// List of error codes to enable.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub select: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub select: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     /// Like --select, but adds additional error codes on top of the selected
     /// ones.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub extend_select: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub extend_select: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     /// List of error codes to ignore.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub ignore: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub ignore: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     /// Like --ignore, but adds additional error codes on top of the ignored
     /// ones.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub extend_ignore: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub extend_ignore: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     /// List of paths, used to exclude files and/or directories from checks.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub exclude: Vec<FilePattern>,
+    pub exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
     /// Like --exclude, but adds additional files and directories on top of the
     /// excluded ones.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub extend_exclude: Vec<FilePattern>,
+    pub extend_exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
     /// List of error codes to treat as eligible for autofix. Only applicable
     /// when autofix itself is enabled (e.g., via `--fix`).
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub fixable: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub fixable: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     /// List of error codes to treat as ineligible for autofix. Only applicable
     /// when autofix itself is enabled (e.g., via `--fix`).
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub unfixable: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub unfixable: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     /// List of mappings from file pattern to code to exclude
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    pub per_file_ignores: Vec<PatternPrefixPair>,
+    pub per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
     /// Output serialization format for error messages.
     #[arg(long, value_enum)]
     pub format: Option<SerializationFormat>,
     /// Show violations with source code.
-    #[arg(long)]
-    pub show_source: bool,
+    #[arg(long, overrides_with("no_show_source"))]
+    show_source: bool,
+    #[clap(long, overrides_with("show_source"), hide = true)]
+    no_show_source: bool,
     /// See the files Ruff will be run against with the current settings.
     #[arg(long)]
     pub show_files: bool,
-    /// See Ruff's settings.
+    /// See the settings Ruff used for the first matching file.
     #[arg(long)]
     pub show_settings: bool,
     /// Enable automatic additions of noqa directives to failing lines.
@@ -121,9 +124,47 @@ pub struct Cli {
 }
 
 impl Cli {
-    // See: https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/3146
-    pub fn fix(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        resolve_bool_arg(self.fix, self.no_fix)
+    /// Partition the CLI into command-line arguments and configuration
+    /// overrides.
+    pub fn partition(self) -> (Arguments, Overrides) {
+        (
+            Arguments {
+                add_noqa: self.add_noqa,
+                autoformat: self.autoformat,
+                config: self.config,
+                exit_zero: self.exit_zero,
+                explain: self.explain,
+                files: self.files,
+                generate_shell_completion: self.generate_shell_completion,
+                no_cache: self.no_cache,
+                quiet: self.quiet,
+                show_files: self.show_files,
+                show_settings: self.show_settings,
+                silent: self.silent,
+                stdin_filename: self.stdin_filename,
+                verbose: self.verbose,
+                watch: self.watch,
+            },
+            Overrides {
+                dummy_variable_rgx: self.dummy_variable_rgx,
+                exclude: self.exclude,
+                extend_exclude: self.extend_exclude,
+                extend_ignore: self.extend_ignore,
+                extend_select: self.extend_select,
+                fixable: self.fixable,
+                ignore: self.ignore,
+                line_length: self.line_length,
+                max_complexity: self.max_complexity,
+                per_file_ignores: self.per_file_ignores,
+                select: self.select,
+                show_source: resolve_bool_arg(self.show_source, self.no_show_source),
+                target_version: self.target_version,
+                unfixable: self.unfixable,
+                // TODO(charlie): Included in `pyproject.toml`, but not inherited.
+                fix: resolve_bool_arg(self.fix, self.no_fix),
+                format: self.format,
+            },
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -136,8 +177,52 @@ fn resolve_bool_arg(yes: bool, no: bool) -> Option<bool> {
     }
 }
 
+/// CLI settings that are distinct from configuration (commands, lists of files,
+/// etc.).
+#[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
+pub struct Arguments {
+    pub add_noqa: bool,
+    pub autoformat: bool,
+    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub exit_zero: bool,
+    pub explain: Option<CheckCode>,
+    pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    pub generate_shell_completion: Option<clap_complete_command::Shell>,
+    pub no_cache: bool,
+    pub quiet: bool,
+    pub show_files: bool,
+    pub show_settings: bool,
+    pub silent: bool,
+    pub stdin_filename: Option<String>,
+    pub verbose: bool,
+    pub watch: bool,
+}
+
+/// CLI settings that function as configuration overrides.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+#[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
+pub struct Overrides {
+    pub dummy_variable_rgx: Option<Regex>,
+    pub exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
+    pub extend_exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
+    pub extend_ignore: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub extend_select: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub fixable: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub ignore: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub line_length: Option<usize>,
+    pub max_complexity: Option<usize>,
+    pub per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
+    pub select: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub show_source: Option<bool>,
+    pub target_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+    pub unfixable: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    // TODO(charlie): Captured in pyproject.toml as a default, but not part of `Settings`.
+    pub fix: Option<bool>,
+    pub format: Option<SerializationFormat>,
+}
+
 /// Map the CLI settings to a `LogLevel`.
-pub fn extract_log_level(cli: &Cli) -> LogLevel {
+pub fn extract_log_level(cli: &Arguments) -> LogLevel {
     if cli.silent {
         LogLevel::Silent
     } else if cli.quiet {
@@ -160,6 +245,9 @@ pub fn collect_per_file_ignores(pairs: Vec<PatternPrefixPair>) -> Vec<PerFileIgn
     }
     per_file_ignores
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|(pattern, prefixes)| PerFileIgnore::new(pattern, &prefixes))
+        .map(|(pattern, prefixes)| {
+            let absolute = fs::normalize_path(Path::new(&pattern));
+            PerFileIgnore::new(pattern, absolute, &prefixes)
+        })
         .collect()
 }

src/commands.rs

@@ -1,36 +1,207 @@
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::io::{self, Read};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Instant;
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use log::{debug, error};
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use rustpython_ast::Location;
 use serde::Serialize;
-use walkdir::DirEntry;
 
-use crate::checks::CheckCode;
-use crate::fs::iter_python_files;
+use crate::autofix::fixer;
+use crate::checks::{CheckCode, CheckKind};
+use crate::cli::Overrides;
+use crate::iterators::par_iter;
+use crate::linter::{add_noqa_to_path, autoformat_path, lint_path, lint_stdin, Diagnostics};
+use crate::message::Message;
+use crate::resolver;
+use crate::resolver::Strategy;
 use crate::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
-use crate::{Configuration, Settings};
+
+/// Run the linter over a collection of files.
+pub fn run(
+    files: &[PathBuf],
+    strategy: &Strategy,
+    overrides: &Overrides,
+    cache: bool,
+    autofix: &fixer::Mode,
+) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
+    // Collect all the files to check.
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let (paths, resolver) = resolver::resolve_python_files(files, strategy, overrides)?;
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut diagnostics: Diagnostics = par_iter(&paths)
+        .map(|entry| {
+            match entry {
+                Ok(entry) => {
+                    let path = entry.path();
+                    let settings = resolver.resolve(path, strategy);
+                    lint_path(path, settings, &cache.into(), autofix)
+                        .map_err(|e| (Some(path.to_owned()), e.to_string()))
+                }
+                Err(e) => Err((
+                    e.path().map(Path::to_owned),
+                    e.io_error()
+                        .map_or_else(|| e.to_string(), io::Error::to_string),
+                )),
+            }
+            .unwrap_or_else(|(path, message)| {
+                if let Some(path) = &path {
+                    let settings = resolver.resolve(path, strategy);
+                    if settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::E902) {
+                        Diagnostics::new(vec![Message {
+                            kind: CheckKind::IOError(message),
+                            location: Location::default(),
+                            end_location: Location::default(),
+                            fix: None,
+                            filename: path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                            source: None,
+                        }])
+                    } else {
+                        error!("Failed to check {}: {message}", path.to_string_lossy());
+                        Diagnostics::default()
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    error!("{message}");
+                    Diagnostics::default()
+                }
+            })
+        })
+        .reduce(Diagnostics::default, |mut acc, item| {
+            acc += item;
+            acc
+        });
+
+    diagnostics.messages.sort_unstable();
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    debug!("Checked files in: {:?}", duration);
+
+    Ok(diagnostics)
+}
+
+/// Read a `String` from `stdin`.
+fn read_from_stdin() -> Result<String> {
+    let mut buffer = String::new();
+    io::stdin().lock().read_to_string(&mut buffer)?;
+    Ok(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Run the linter over a single file, read from `stdin`.
+pub fn run_stdin(
+    strategy: &Strategy,
+    filename: &Path,
+    autofix: &fixer::Mode,
+) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
+    let stdin = read_from_stdin()?;
+    let settings = match strategy {
+        Strategy::Fixed(settings) => settings,
+        Strategy::Hierarchical(settings) => settings,
+    };
+    let mut diagnostics = lint_stdin(filename, &stdin, settings, autofix)?;
+    diagnostics.messages.sort_unstable();
+    Ok(diagnostics)
+}
+
+/// Add `noqa` directives to a collection of files.
+pub fn add_noqa(files: &[PathBuf], strategy: &Strategy, overrides: &Overrides) -> Result<usize> {
+    // Collect all the files to check.
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let (paths, resolver) = resolver::resolve_python_files(files, strategy, overrides)?;
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let modifications: usize = par_iter(&paths)
+        .flatten()
+        .filter_map(|entry| {
+            let path = entry.path();
+            let settings = resolver.resolve(path, strategy);
+            match add_noqa_to_path(path, settings) {
+                Ok(count) => Some(count),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    error!("Failed to add noqa to {}: {e}", path.to_string_lossy());
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .sum();
+
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    debug!("Added noqa to files in: {:?}", duration);
+
+    Ok(modifications)
+}
+
+/// Automatically format a collection of files.
+pub fn autoformat(files: &[PathBuf], strategy: &Strategy, overrides: &Overrides) -> Result<usize> {
+    // Collect all the files to format.
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let (paths, resolver) = resolver::resolve_python_files(files, strategy, overrides)?;
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let modifications = par_iter(&paths)
+        .flatten()
+        .filter_map(|entry| {
+            let path = entry.path();
+            let settings = resolver.resolve(path, strategy);
+            match autoformat_path(path, settings) {
+                Ok(()) => Some(()),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    error!("Failed to autoformat {}: {e}", path.to_string_lossy());
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .count();
+
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    debug!("Auto-formatted files in: {:?}", duration);
+
+    Ok(modifications)
+}
 
 /// Print the user-facing configuration settings.
-pub fn show_settings(
-    configuration: &Configuration,
-    project_root: Option<&PathBuf>,
-    pyproject: Option<&PathBuf>,
-) {
-    println!("Resolved configuration: {configuration:#?}");
-    println!("Found project root at: {project_root:?}");
-    println!("Found pyproject.toml at: {pyproject:?}");
+pub fn show_settings(files: &[PathBuf], strategy: &Strategy, overrides: &Overrides) -> Result<()> {
+    // Collect all files in the hierarchy.
+    let (paths, resolver) = resolver::resolve_python_files(files, strategy, overrides)?;
+
+    // Print the list of files.
+    let Some(entry) = paths
+        .iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .sorted_by(|a, b| a.path().cmp(b.path())).next() else {
+        bail!("No files found under the given path");
+    };
+    let path = entry.path();
+    let settings = resolver.resolve(path, strategy);
+    println!("Resolved settings for: {path:?}");
+    println!("{settings:#?}");
+
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Show the list of files to be checked based on current settings.
-pub fn show_files(files: &[PathBuf], settings: &Settings) {
-    let mut entries: Vec<DirEntry> = files
+pub fn show_files(files: &[PathBuf], strategy: &Strategy, overrides: &Overrides) -> Result<()> {
+    // Collect all files in the hierarchy.
+    let (paths, _resolver) = resolver::resolve_python_files(files, strategy, overrides)?;
+
+    // Print the list of files.
+    for entry in paths
         .iter()
-        .flat_map(|path| iter_python_files(path, &settings.exclude, &settings.extend_exclude))
         .flatten()
-        .collect();
-    entries.sort_by(|a, b| a.path().cmp(b.path()));
-    for entry in entries {
+        .sorted_by(|a, b| a.path().cmp(b.path()))
+    {
         println!("{}", entry.path().to_string_lossy());
     }
+
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize)]
@@ -41,7 +212,7 @@ struct Explanation<'a> {
 }
 
 /// Explain a `CheckCode` to the user.
-pub fn explain(code: &CheckCode, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn explain(code: &CheckCode, format: &SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
     match format {
         SerializationFormat::Text | SerializationFormat::Grouped => {
             println!(

src/flake8_simplify/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+pub mod plugins;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::convert::AsRef;
+    use std::path::Path;
+
+    use anyhow::Result;
+    use test_case::test_case;
+
+    use crate::checks::CheckCode;
+    use crate::linter::test_path;
+    use crate::settings;
+
+    #[test_case(CheckCode::SIM118, Path::new("SIM118.py"); "SIM118")]
+    fn checks(check_code: CheckCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", check_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
+        let mut checks = test_path(
+            Path::new("./resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify")
+                .join(path)
+                .as_path(),
+            &settings::Settings::for_rule(check_code),
+            true,
+        )?;
+        checks.sort_by_key(|check| check.location);
+        insta::assert_yaml_snapshot!(snapshot, checks);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/flake8_simplify/plugins/key_in_dict.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use rustpython_ast::{Cmpop, Expr, ExprKind};
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use crate::autofix::Fix;
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind};
+
+/// SIM118
+fn key_in_dict(checker: &mut Checker, left: &Expr, right: &Expr, range: Range) {
+    let ExprKind::Call {
+        func,
+        args,
+        keywords,
+    } = &right.node else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if !(args.is_empty() && keywords.is_empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let ExprKind::Attribute { attr, value, .. } = &func.node else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if attr != "keys" {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut check = Check::new(
+        CheckKind::KeyInDict(left.to_string(), value.to_string()),
+        range,
+    );
+    if checker.patch(&CheckCode::SIM118) {
+        let content = right.to_string().replace(".keys()", "");
+        check.amend(Fix::replacement(
+            content,
+            right.location,
+            right.end_location.unwrap(),
+        ));
+    }
+    checker.add_check(check);
+}
+
+/// SIM118 in a for loop
+pub fn key_in_dict_for(checker: &mut Checker, target: &Expr, iter: &Expr) {
+    key_in_dict(
+        checker,
+        target,
+        iter,
+        Range {
+            location: target.location,
+            end_location: iter.end_location.unwrap(),
+        },
+    );
+}
+
+/// SIM118 in a comparison
+pub fn key_in_dict_compare(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    expr: &Expr,
+    left: &Expr,
+    ops: &[Cmpop],
+    comparators: &[Expr],
+) {
+    if !matches!(ops[..], [Cmpop::In]) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if comparators.len() != 1 {
+        return;
+    }
+    let right = comparators.first().unwrap();
+
+    key_in_dict(checker, left, right, Range::from_located(expr));
+}

src/flake8_simplify/plugins/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub use key_in_dict::{key_in_dict_compare, key_in_dict_for};
+
+mod key_in_dict;

src/flake8_simplify/snapshots/ruff__flake8_simplify__tests__SIM118_SIM118.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+source: src/flake8_simplify/mod.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    KeyInDict:
+      - key
+      - dict
+  location:
+    row: 1
+    column: 0
+  end_location:
+    row: 1
+    column: 18
+  fix:
+    content: dict
+    location:
+      row: 1
+      column: 7
+    end_location:
+      row: 1
+      column: 18
+- kind:
+    KeyInDict:
+      - "foo['bar']"
+      - dict
+  location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 0
+  end_location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 25
+  fix:
+    content: dict
+    location:
+      row: 3
+      column: 14
+    end_location:
+      row: 3
+      column: 25
+- kind:
+    KeyInDict:
+      - foo()
+      - dict
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 0
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 20
+  fix:
+    content: dict
+    location:
+      row: 5
+      column: 9
+    end_location:
+      row: 5
+      column: 20
+- kind:
+    KeyInDict:
+      - key
+      - dict
+  location:
+    row: 7
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 7
+    column: 22
+  fix:
+    content: dict
+    location:
+      row: 7
+      column: 11
+    end_location:
+      row: 7
+      column: 22
+

src/fs.rs

@@ -5,15 +5,13 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use globset::GlobMatcher;
-use log::debug;
 use path_absolutize::{path_dedot, Absolutize};
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
-use walkdir::{DirEntry, WalkDir};
 
 use crate::checks::CheckCode;
 
 /// Extract the absolute path and basename (as strings) from a Path.
-fn extract_path_names(path: &Path) -> Result<(&str, &str)> {
+pub fn extract_path_names(path: &Path) -> Result<(&str, &str)> {
     let file_path = path
         .to_str()
         .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Unable to parse filename: {:?}", path))?;
@@ -25,62 +23,7 @@ fn extract_path_names(path: &Path) -> Result<(&str, &str)> {
     Ok((file_path, file_basename))
 }
 
-fn is_excluded(file_path: &str, file_basename: &str, exclude: &globset::GlobSet) -> bool {
-    exclude.is_match(file_path) || exclude.is_match(file_basename)
-}
-
-fn is_included(path: &Path) -> bool {
-    let file_name = path.to_string_lossy();
-    file_name.ends_with(".py") || file_name.ends_with(".pyi")
-}
-
-pub fn iter_python_files<'a>(
-    path: &'a Path,
-    exclude: &'a globset::GlobSet,
-    extend_exclude: &'a globset::GlobSet,
-) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<DirEntry, walkdir::Error>> + 'a {
-    // Run some checks over the provided patterns, to enable optimizations below.
-    let has_exclude = !exclude.is_empty();
-    let has_extend_exclude = !extend_exclude.is_empty();
-
-    WalkDir::new(normalize_path(path))
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter_entry(move |entry| {
-            if !has_exclude && !has_extend_exclude {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            let path = entry.path();
-            match extract_path_names(path) {
-                Ok((file_path, file_basename)) => {
-                    if has_exclude && is_excluded(file_path, file_basename, exclude) {
-                        debug!("Ignored path via `exclude`: {:?}", path);
-                        false
-                    } else if has_extend_exclude
-                        && is_excluded(file_path, file_basename, extend_exclude)
-                    {
-                        debug!("Ignored path via `extend-exclude`: {:?}", path);
-                        false
-                    } else {
-                        true
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(e) => {
-                    debug!("Ignored path due to error in parsing: {:?}: {}", path, e);
-                    true
-                }
-            }
-        })
-        .filter(|entry| {
-            entry.as_ref().map_or(true, |entry| {
-                (entry.depth() == 0 || is_included(entry.path()))
-                    && !entry.file_type().is_dir()
-                    && !(entry.file_type().is_symlink() && entry.path().is_dir())
-            })
-        })
-}
-
-/// Create tree set with codes matching the pattern/code pairs.
+/// Create a set with codes matching the pattern/code pairs.
 pub(crate) fn ignores_from_path<'a>(
     path: &Path,
     pattern_code_pairs: &'a [(GlobMatcher, GlobMatcher, FxHashSet<CheckCode>)],
@@ -128,114 +71,3 @@ pub(crate) fn read_file(path: &Path) -> Result<String> {
     buf_reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
     Ok(contents)
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-
-    use anyhow::Result;
-    use globset::GlobSet;
-    use path_absolutize::Absolutize;
-
-    use crate::fs::{extract_path_names, is_excluded, is_included};
-    use crate::settings::types::FilePattern;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn inclusions() {
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py").absolutize().unwrap();
-        assert!(is_included(&path));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.pyi").absolutize().unwrap();
-        assert!(is_included(&path));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.js").absolutize().unwrap();
-        assert!(!is_included(&path));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz").absolutize().unwrap();
-        assert!(!is_included(&path));
-    }
-
-    fn make_exclusion(file_pattern: FilePattern, project_root: Option<&PathBuf>) -> GlobSet {
-        let mut builder = globset::GlobSetBuilder::new();
-        file_pattern.add_to(&mut builder, project_root).unwrap();
-        builder.build().unwrap()
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn exclusions() -> Result<()> {
-        let project_root = Path::new("/tmp/");
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo").absolutize_from(project_root).unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("foo".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar").absolutize_from(project_root).unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("bar".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
-            .absolutize_from(project_root)
-            .unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("baz.py".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar").absolutize_from(project_root).unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("foo/bar".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
-            .absolutize_from(project_root)
-            .unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("foo/bar/baz.py".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
-            .absolutize_from(project_root)
-            .unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("foo/bar/*.py".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
-            .absolutize_from(project_root)
-            .unwrap();
-        let exclude = FilePattern::User("baz".to_string());
-        let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(&path)?;
-        assert!(!is_excluded(
-            file_path,
-            file_basename,
-            &make_exclusion(exclude, Some(&project_root.to_path_buf()))
-        ));
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}

src/isort/helpers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use rustpython_ast::Stmt;
+
+use crate::source_code_locator::SourceCodeLocator;
+
+/// Return `true` if a `Stmt` is preceded by a "comment break"
+pub fn has_comment_break(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &SourceCodeLocator) -> bool {
+    // Starting from the `Stmt` (`def f(): pass`), we want to detect patterns like
+    // this:
+    //
+    //   import os
+    //
+    //   # Detached comment.
+    //
+    //   def f(): pass
+
+    // This should also be detected:
+    //
+    //   import os
+    //
+    //   # Detached comment.
+    //
+    //   # Direct comment.
+    //   def f(): pass
+
+    // But this should not:
+    //
+    //   import os
+    //
+    //   # Direct comment.
+    //   def f(): pass
+    let mut seen_blank = false;
+    for line in locator
+        .slice_source_code_until(&stmt.location)
+        .lines()
+        .rev()
+    {
+        let line = line.trim();
+        if seen_blank {
+            if line.starts_with('#') {
+                return true;
+            } else if !line.is_empty() {
+                break;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if line.is_empty() {
+                seen_blank = true;
+            } else if line.starts_with('#') || line.starts_with('@') {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}

src/isort/mod.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use crate::isort::types::{
 mod categorize;
 mod comments;
 pub mod format;
+mod helpers;
 pub mod plugins;
 pub mod settings;
 mod sorting;

src/isort/snapshots/ruff__isort__tests__insert_empty_lines.py.snap

@@ -49,32 +49,17 @@ expression: checks
       column: 0
 - kind: UnsortedImports
   location:
-    row: 33
+    row: 52
     column: 0
   end_location:
-    row: 35
+    row: 54
     column: 0
   fix:
-    content: "    import collections\n    import typing\n\n"
+    content: "import os\n\n\n"
     location:
-      row: 33
+      row: 52
       column: 0
     end_location:
-      row: 35
-      column: 0
-- kind: UnsortedImports
-  location:
-    row: 39
-    column: 0
-  end_location:
-    row: 41
-    column: 0
-  fix:
-    content: "    import collections\n    import typing\n\n"
-    location:
-      row: 39
-      column: 0
-    end_location:
-      row: 41
+      row: 54
       column: 0
 

src/isort/snapshots/ruff__isort__tests__insert_empty_lines.pyi.snap

@@ -47,19 +47,4 @@ expression: checks
     end_location:
       row: 16
       column: 0
-- kind: UnsortedImports
-  location:
-    row: 33
-    column: 0
-  end_location:
-    row: 35
-    column: 0
-  fix:
-    content: "    import collections\n    import typing\n\n"
-    location:
-      row: 33
-      column: 0
-    end_location:
-      row: 35
-      column: 0
 

src/isort/snapshots/ruff__isort__tests__trailing_suffix.py.snap

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ expression: checks
     row: 6
     column: 13
   fix:
-    content: "    import os\n    import sys\n\n"
+    content: "    import os\n    import sys\n"
     location:
       row: 5
       column: 0

src/isort/track.rs

@@ -8,20 +8,24 @@ use rustpython_ast::{
 
 use crate::ast::visitor::Visitor;
 use crate::directives::IsortDirectives;
+use crate::isort::helpers;
+use crate::source_code_locator::SourceCodeLocator;
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Trailer {
     Sibling,
     ClassDef,
     FunctionDef,
 }
 
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Block<'a> {
     pub imports: Vec<&'a Stmt>,
     pub trailer: Option<Trailer>,
 }
 
 pub struct ImportTracker<'a> {
+    locator: &'a SourceCodeLocator<'a>,
     directives: &'a IsortDirectives,
     pyi: bool,
     blocks: Vec<Block<'a>>,
@@ -30,8 +34,13 @@ pub struct ImportTracker<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> ImportTracker<'a> {
-    pub fn new(directives: &'a IsortDirectives, path: &'a Path) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        locator: &'a SourceCodeLocator<'a>,
+        directives: &'a IsortDirectives,
+        path: &'a Path,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
+            locator,
             directives,
             pyi: path.extension().map_or(false, |ext| ext == "pyi"),
             blocks: vec![Block::default()],
@@ -46,31 +55,46 @@ impl<'a> ImportTracker<'a> {
     }
 
     fn trailer_for(&self, stmt: &'a Stmt) -> Option<Trailer> {
-        if self.pyi {
-            // Black treats interface files differently, limiting to one newline
-            // (`Trailing::Sibling`), and avoiding inserting any newlines in nested function
-            // blocks.
-            if self.nested
-                && matches!(
-                    stmt.node,
-                    StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. }
-                )
-            {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(Trailer::Sibling)
-            }
-        } else if self.nested {
-            Some(Trailer::Sibling)
-        } else {
-            Some(match &stmt.node {
-                StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. } => {
-                    Trailer::FunctionDef
-                }
-                StmtKind::ClassDef { .. } => Trailer::ClassDef,
-                _ => Trailer::Sibling,
-            })
+        // No need to compute trailers if we won't be finalizing anything.
+        let index = self.blocks.len() - 1;
+        if self.blocks[index].imports.is_empty() {
+            return None;
         }
+
+        // Similar to isort, avoid enforcing any newline behaviors in nested blocks.
+        if self.nested {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        Some(if self.pyi {
+            // Black treats interface files differently, limiting to one newline
+            // (`Trailing::Sibling`).
+            Trailer::Sibling
+        } else {
+            // If the import block is followed by a class or function, we want to enforce
+            // two blank lines. The exception: if, between the import and the class or
+            // function, we have at least one commented line, followed by at
+            // least one blank line. In that case, we treat it as a regular
+            // sibling (i.e., as if the comment is the next statement, as
+            // opposed to the class or function).
+            match &stmt.node {
+                StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. } => {
+                    if helpers::has_comment_break(stmt, self.locator) {
+                        Trailer::Sibling
+                    } else {
+                        Trailer::FunctionDef
+                    }
+                }
+                StmtKind::ClassDef { .. } => {
+                    if helpers::has_comment_break(stmt, self.locator) {
+                        Trailer::Sibling
+                    } else {
+                        Trailer::ClassDef
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => Trailer::Sibling,
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     fn finalize(&mut self, trailer: Option<Trailer>) {

src/iterators.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+
+/// Shim that calls `par_iter` except for wasm because there's no wasm support
+/// in rayon yet (there is a shim to be used for the web, but it requires js
+/// cooperation) Unfortunately, `ParallelIterator` does not implement `Iterator`
+/// so the signatures diverge
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
+pub fn par_iter<T: Sync>(iterable: &[T]) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = &T> {
+    iterable.par_iter()
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
+pub fn par_iter<T: Sync>(iterable: &[T]) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T> {
+    iterable.iter()
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use log::debug;
+use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
 use rustpython_helpers::tokenize;
 use rustpython_parser::lexer::LexResult;
 use settings::{pyproject, Settings};
 
 use crate::checks::Check;
 use crate::linter::check_path;
+use crate::resolver::Relativity;
 use crate::settings::configuration::Configuration;
 use crate::source_code_locator::SourceCodeLocator;
 
@@ -53,10 +54,12 @@ mod flake8_import_conventions;
 mod flake8_print;
 pub mod flake8_quotes;
 mod flake8_return;
+mod flake8_simplify;
 pub mod flake8_tidy_imports;
 mod flake8_unused_arguments;
 pub mod fs;
 mod isort;
+pub mod iterators;
 mod lex;
 pub mod linter;
 pub mod logging;
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ mod pygrep_hooks;
 mod pylint;
 mod python;
 mod pyupgrade;
+pub mod resolver;
 mod ruff;
 mod rustpython_helpers;
 pub mod settings;
@@ -81,24 +85,24 @@ pub mod updates;
 mod vendored;
 pub mod visibility;
 
+/// Load the relevant `Settings` for a given `Path`.
+fn resolve(path: &Path) -> Result<Settings> {
+    if let Some(pyproject) = pyproject::find_pyproject_toml(path) {
+        // First priority: `pyproject.toml` in the current `Path`.
+        resolver::resolve_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Parent, None)
+    } else if let Some(pyproject) = pyproject::find_user_pyproject_toml() {
+        // Second priority: user-specific `pyproject.toml`.
+        resolver::resolve_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Cwd, None)
+    } else {
+        // Fallback: default settings.
+        Settings::from_configuration(Configuration::default(), &path_dedot::CWD)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Run Ruff over Python source code directly.
 pub fn check(path: &Path, contents: &str, autofix: bool) -> Result<Vec<Check>> {
-    // Find the project root and pyproject.toml.
-    let project_root = pyproject::find_project_root(&[path.to_path_buf()]);
-    match &project_root {
-        Some(path) => debug!("Found project root at: {:?}", path),
-        None => debug!("Unable to identify project root; assuming current directory..."),
-    };
-    let pyproject = pyproject::find_pyproject_toml(project_root.as_ref());
-    match &pyproject {
-        Some(path) => debug!("Found pyproject.toml at: {:?}", path),
-        None => debug!("Unable to find pyproject.toml; using default settings..."),
-    };
-
-    let settings = Settings::from_configuration(
-        Configuration::from_pyproject(pyproject.as_ref(), project_root.as_ref())?,
-        project_root.as_ref(),
-    )?;
+    // Load the relevant `Settings` for the given `Path`.
+    let settings = resolve(path)?;
 
     // Tokenize once.
     let tokens: Vec<LexResult> = tokenize(contents);

src/linter.rs

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pub fn add_noqa_to_path(path: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> Result<usize> {
 }
 
 /// Apply autoformatting to the source code at the given `Path`.
-pub fn autoformat_path(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn autoformat_path(path: &Path, _settings: &Settings) -> Result<()> {
     // Read the file from disk.
     let contents = fs::read_file(path)?;
 

src/main.rs

@@ -11,301 +11,105 @@
     clippy::too_many_lines
 )]
 
-use std::io::{self, Read};
+use std::io::{self};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::ExitCode;
 use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
-use std::time::Instant;
 
 use ::ruff::autofix::fixer;
-use ::ruff::checks::{CheckCode, CheckKind};
-use ::ruff::cli::{collect_per_file_ignores, extract_log_level, Cli};
-use ::ruff::fs::iter_python_files;
-use ::ruff::linter::{add_noqa_to_path, autoformat_path, lint_path, lint_stdin, Diagnostics};
+use ::ruff::cli::{extract_log_level, Cli};
 use ::ruff::logging::{set_up_logging, LogLevel};
-use ::ruff::message::Message;
 use ::ruff::printer::Printer;
+use ::ruff::resolver::Strategy;
 use ::ruff::settings::configuration::Configuration;
 use ::ruff::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
 use ::ruff::settings::{pyproject, Settings};
 #[cfg(feature = "update-informer")]
 use ::ruff::updates;
-use ::ruff::{cache, commands, fs};
+use ::ruff::{cache, commands};
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::{CommandFactory, Parser};
 use colored::Colorize;
-use log::{debug, error};
 use notify::{recommended_watcher, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
-#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use rustpython_ast::Location;
-use walkdir::DirEntry;
+use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
+use ruff::cli::Overrides;
+use ruff::resolver::{resolve_settings, Relativity};
 
-/// Shim that calls `par_iter` except for wasm because there's no wasm support
-/// in rayon yet (there is a shim to be used for the web, but it requires js
-/// cooperation) Unfortunately, `ParallelIterator` does not implement `Iterator`
-/// so the signatures diverge
-#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
-fn par_iter<T: Sync>(iterable: &Vec<T>) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = &T> {
-    iterable.par_iter()
-}
-
-#[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
-fn par_iter<T: Sync>(iterable: &Vec<T>) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T> {
-    iterable.iter()
-}
-
-fn read_from_stdin() -> Result<String> {
-    let mut buffer = String::new();
-    io::stdin().lock().read_to_string(&mut buffer)?;
-    Ok(buffer)
-}
-
-fn run_once_stdin(
-    settings: &Settings,
-    filename: &Path,
-    autofix: &fixer::Mode,
-) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
-    let stdin = read_from_stdin()?;
-    let mut diagnostics = lint_stdin(filename, &stdin, settings, autofix)?;
-    diagnostics.messages.sort_unstable();
-    Ok(diagnostics)
-}
-
-fn run_once(
-    files: &[PathBuf],
-    settings: &Settings,
-    cache: bool,
-    autofix: &fixer::Mode,
-) -> Diagnostics {
-    // Collect all the files to check.
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let paths: Vec<Result<DirEntry, walkdir::Error>> = files
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|path| iter_python_files(path, &settings.exclude, &settings.extend_exclude))
-        .collect();
-    let duration = start.elapsed();
-    debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let mut diagnostics: Diagnostics = par_iter(&paths)
-        .map(|entry| {
-            match entry {
-                Ok(entry) => {
-                    let path = entry.path();
-                    lint_path(path, settings, &cache.into(), autofix)
-                        .map_err(|e| (Some(path.to_owned()), e.to_string()))
-                }
-                Err(e) => Err((
-                    e.path().map(Path::to_owned),
-                    e.io_error()
-                        .map_or_else(|| e.to_string(), io::Error::to_string),
-                )),
-            }
-            .unwrap_or_else(|(path, message)| {
-                if let Some(path) = path {
-                    if settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::E902) {
-                        Diagnostics::new(vec![Message {
-                            kind: CheckKind::IOError(message),
-                            location: Location::default(),
-                            end_location: Location::default(),
-                            fix: None,
-                            filename: path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-                            source: None,
-                        }])
-                    } else {
-                        error!("Failed to check {}: {message}", path.to_string_lossy());
-                        Diagnostics::default()
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    error!("{message}");
-                    Diagnostics::default()
-                }
-            })
-        })
-        .reduce(Diagnostics::default, |mut acc, item| {
-            acc += item;
-            acc
-        });
-
-    diagnostics.messages.sort_unstable();
-    let duration = start.elapsed();
-    debug!("Checked files in: {:?}", duration);
-
-    diagnostics
-}
-
-fn add_noqa(files: &[PathBuf], settings: &Settings) -> usize {
-    // Collect all the files to check.
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let paths: Vec<DirEntry> = files
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|path| iter_python_files(path, &settings.exclude, &settings.extend_exclude))
-        .flatten()
-        .collect();
-    let duration = start.elapsed();
-    debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let modifications: usize = par_iter(&paths)
-        .filter_map(|entry| {
-            let path = entry.path();
-            match add_noqa_to_path(path, settings) {
-                Ok(count) => Some(count),
-                Err(e) => {
-                    error!("Failed to add noqa to {}: {e}", path.to_string_lossy());
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-        })
-        .sum();
-
-    let duration = start.elapsed();
-    debug!("Added noqa to files in: {:?}", duration);
-
-    modifications
-}
-
-fn autoformat(files: &[PathBuf], settings: &Settings) -> usize {
-    // Collect all the files to format.
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let paths: Vec<DirEntry> = files
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|path| iter_python_files(path, &settings.exclude, &settings.extend_exclude))
-        .flatten()
-        .collect();
-    let duration = start.elapsed();
-    debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let modifications = par_iter(&paths)
-        .filter_map(|entry| {
-            let path = entry.path();
-            match autoformat_path(path) {
-                Ok(()) => Some(()),
-                Err(e) => {
-                    error!("Failed to autoformat {}: {e}", path.to_string_lossy());
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-        })
-        .count();
-
-    let duration = start.elapsed();
-    debug!("Auto-formatted files in: {:?}", duration);
-
-    modifications
+/// Resolve the relevant settings strategy and defaults for the current
+/// invocation.
+fn resolve(config: Option<PathBuf>, overrides: &Overrides) -> Result<Strategy> {
+    if let Some(pyproject) = config {
+        // First priority: the user specified a `pyproject.toml` file. Use that
+        // `pyproject.toml` for _all_ configuration, and resolve paths relative to the
+        // current working directory. (This matches ESLint's behavior.)
+        let settings = resolve_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Cwd, Some(overrides))?;
+        Ok(Strategy::Fixed(settings))
+    } else if let Some(pyproject) = pyproject::find_pyproject_toml(path_dedot::CWD.as_path()) {
+        // Second priority: find a `pyproject.toml` file in the current working path,
+        // and resolve all paths relative to that directory. (With
+        // `Strategy::Hierarchical`, we'll end up finding the "closest" `pyproject.toml`
+        // file for every Python file later on, so these act as the "default" settings.)
+        let settings = resolve_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Parent, Some(overrides))?;
+        Ok(Strategy::Hierarchical(settings))
+    } else if let Some(pyproject) = pyproject::find_user_pyproject_toml() {
+        // Third priority: find a user-specific `pyproject.toml`, but resolve all paths
+        // relative the current working directory. (With `Strategy::Hierarchical`, we'll
+        // end up the "closest" `pyproject.toml` file for every Python file later on, so
+        // these act as the "default" settings.)
+        let settings = resolve_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Cwd, Some(overrides))?;
+        Ok(Strategy::Hierarchical(settings))
+    } else {
+        // Fallback: load Ruff's default settings, and resolve all paths relative to the
+        // current working directory. (With `Strategy::Hierarchical`, we'll end up the
+        // "closest" `pyproject.toml` file for every Python file later on, so these act
+        // as the "default" settings.)
+        let settings = Settings::from_configuration(Configuration::default(), &path_dedot::CWD)?;
+        Ok(Strategy::Hierarchical(settings))
+    }
 }
 
 fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
     // Extract command-line arguments.
-    let cli = Cli::parse();
-    let fix = cli.fix();
+    let (cli, overrides) = Cli::parse().partition();
     let log_level = extract_log_level(&cli);
     set_up_logging(&log_level)?;
 
-    if let Some(shell) = cli.generate_shell_completion {
-        shell.generate(&mut Cli::command(), &mut std::io::stdout());
-        return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
-    }
-
-    // Find the project root and pyproject.toml.
-    let config: Option<PathBuf> = cli.config;
-    let project_root = config.as_ref().map_or_else(
-        || pyproject::find_project_root(&cli.files),
-        |config| config.parent().map(fs::normalize_path),
-    );
-    let pyproject = config.or_else(|| pyproject::find_pyproject_toml(project_root.as_ref()));
-
-    // Reconcile configuration from pyproject.toml and command-line arguments.
-    let mut configuration =
-        Configuration::from_pyproject(pyproject.as_ref(), project_root.as_ref())?;
-    if !cli.exclude.is_empty() {
-        configuration.exclude = cli.exclude;
-    }
-    if !cli.extend_exclude.is_empty() {
-        configuration.extend_exclude = cli.extend_exclude;
-    }
-    if !cli.per_file_ignores.is_empty() {
-        configuration.per_file_ignores = collect_per_file_ignores(cli.per_file_ignores);
-    }
-    if !cli.select.is_empty() {
-        configuration.select = cli.select;
-    }
-    if !cli.extend_select.is_empty() {
-        configuration.extend_select = cli.extend_select;
-    }
-    if !cli.ignore.is_empty() {
-        configuration.ignore = cli.ignore;
-    }
-    if !cli.extend_ignore.is_empty() {
-        configuration.extend_ignore = cli.extend_ignore;
-    }
-    if !cli.fixable.is_empty() {
-        configuration.fixable = cli.fixable;
-    }
-    if !cli.unfixable.is_empty() {
-        configuration.unfixable = cli.unfixable;
-    }
-    if let Some(format) = cli.format {
-        configuration.format = format;
-    }
-    if let Some(line_length) = cli.line_length {
-        configuration.line_length = line_length;
-    }
-    if let Some(max_complexity) = cli.max_complexity {
-        configuration.mccabe.max_complexity = max_complexity;
-    }
-    if let Some(target_version) = cli.target_version {
-        configuration.target_version = target_version;
-    }
-    if let Some(dummy_variable_rgx) = cli.dummy_variable_rgx {
-        configuration.dummy_variable_rgx = dummy_variable_rgx;
-    }
-    if let Some(fix) = fix {
-        configuration.fix = fix;
-    }
-    if cli.show_source {
-        configuration.show_source = true;
-    }
-
     if cli.show_settings && cli.show_files {
-        eprintln!("Error: specify --show-settings or show-files (not both).");
-        return Ok(ExitCode::FAILURE);
+        anyhow::bail!("specify --show-settings or show-files (not both)")
     }
-    if cli.show_settings {
-        commands::show_settings(&configuration, project_root.as_ref(), pyproject.as_ref());
+    if let Some(shell) = cli.generate_shell_completion {
+        shell.generate(&mut Cli::command(), &mut io::stdout());
         return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
     }
 
-    // Extract settings for internal use.
-    let autofix = if configuration.fix {
+    // Construct the "default" settings. These are used when no `pyproject.toml`
+    // files are present, or files are injected from outside of the hierarchy.
+    let strategy = resolve(cli.config, &overrides)?;
+
+    // Extract options that are included in `Settings`, but only apply at the top
+    // level.
+    let (fix, format) = match &strategy {
+        Strategy::Fixed(settings) => (settings.fix, settings.format),
+        Strategy::Hierarchical(settings) => (settings.fix, settings.format),
+    };
+    let autofix = if fix {
         fixer::Mode::Apply
-    } else if matches!(configuration.format, SerializationFormat::Json) {
+    } else if matches!(format, SerializationFormat::Json) {
         fixer::Mode::Generate
     } else {
         fixer::Mode::None
     };
-    let settings = Settings::from_configuration(configuration, project_root.as_ref())?;
-
-    // Now that we've inferred the appropriate log level, add some debug
-    // information.
-    match &project_root {
-        Some(path) => debug!("Found project root at: {:?}", path),
-        None => debug!("Unable to identify project root; assuming current directory..."),
-    };
-    match &pyproject {
-        Some(path) => debug!("Found pyproject.toml at: {:?}", path),
-        None => debug!("Unable to find pyproject.toml; using default settings..."),
-    };
 
     if let Some(code) = cli.explain {
-        commands::explain(&code, settings.format)?;
+        commands::explain(&code, &format)?;
+        return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
+    }
+    if cli.show_settings {
+        commands::show_settings(&cli.files, &strategy, &overrides)?;
         return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
     }
-
     if cli.show_files {
-        commands::show_files(&cli.files, &settings);
+        commands::show_files(&cli.files, &strategy, &overrides)?;
         return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
     }
 
@@ -316,7 +120,7 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         cache_enabled = false;
     }
 
-    let printer = Printer::new(&settings.format, &log_level);
+    let printer = Printer::new(&format, &log_level);
     if cli.watch {
         if matches!(autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
             eprintln!("Warning: --fix is not enabled in watch mode.");
@@ -327,7 +131,7 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         if cli.autoformat {
             eprintln!("Warning: --autoformat is not enabled in watch mode.");
         }
-        if settings.format != SerializationFormat::Text {
+        if format != SerializationFormat::Text {
             eprintln!("Warning: --format 'text' is used in watch mode.");
         }
 
@@ -335,7 +139,13 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         printer.clear_screen()?;
         printer.write_to_user("Starting linter in watch mode...\n");
 
-        let messages = run_once(&cli.files, &settings, cache_enabled, &fixer::Mode::None);
+        let messages = commands::run(
+            &cli.files,
+            &strategy,
+            &overrides,
+            cache_enabled,
+            &fixer::Mode::None,
+        )?;
         printer.write_continuously(&messages)?;
 
         // Configure the file watcher.
@@ -347,32 +157,37 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
 
         loop {
             match rx.recv() {
-                Ok(e) => {
-                    let paths = e?.paths;
-                    let py_changed = paths.iter().any(|p| {
-                        p.extension()
-                            .map(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("py"))
+                Ok(event) => {
+                    let paths = event?.paths;
+                    let py_changed = paths.iter().any(|path| {
+                        path.extension()
+                            .map(|ext| ext == "py" || ext == "pyi")
                             .unwrap_or_default()
                     });
                     if py_changed {
                         printer.clear_screen()?;
                         printer.write_to_user("File change detected...\n");
 
-                        let messages =
-                            run_once(&cli.files, &settings, cache_enabled, &fixer::Mode::None);
+                        let messages = commands::run(
+                            &cli.files,
+                            &strategy,
+                            &overrides,
+                            cache_enabled,
+                            &fixer::Mode::None,
+                        )?;
                         printer.write_continuously(&messages)?;
                     }
                 }
-                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+                Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
             }
         }
     } else if cli.add_noqa {
-        let modifications = add_noqa(&cli.files, &settings);
+        let modifications = commands::add_noqa(&cli.files, &strategy, &overrides)?;
         if modifications > 0 && log_level >= LogLevel::Default {
             println!("Added {modifications} noqa directives.");
         }
     } else if cli.autoformat {
-        let modifications = autoformat(&cli.files, &settings);
+        let modifications = commands::autoformat(&cli.files, &strategy, &overrides)?;
         if modifications > 0 && log_level >= LogLevel::Default {
             println!("Formatted {modifications} files.");
         }
@@ -383,9 +198,9 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         let diagnostics = if is_stdin {
             let filename = cli.stdin_filename.unwrap_or_else(|| "-".to_string());
             let path = Path::new(&filename);
-            run_once_stdin(&settings, path, &autofix)?
+            commands::run_stdin(&strategy, path, &autofix)?
         } else {
-            run_once(&cli.files, &settings, cache_enabled, &autofix)
+            commands::run(&cli.files, &strategy, &overrides, cache_enabled, &autofix)?
         };
 
         // Always try to print violations (the printer itself may suppress output),

src/pyflakes/checks.rs

@@ -2,348 +2,12 @@ use std::string::ToString;
 
 use regex::Regex;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
-use rustpython_ast::{Keyword, KeywordData};
 use rustpython_parser::ast::{
     Arg, Arguments, Constant, Excepthandler, ExcepthandlerKind, Expr, ExprKind, Stmt, StmtKind,
 };
 
 use crate::ast::types::{Binding, BindingKind, Range, Scope, ScopeKind};
 use crate::checks::{Check, CheckKind};
-use crate::pyflakes::cformat::CFormatSummary;
-use crate::pyflakes::format::FormatSummary;
-
-fn has_star_star_kwargs(keywords: &[Keyword]) -> bool {
-    keywords.iter().any(|k| {
-        let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &k.node;
-        arg.is_none()
-    })
-}
-
-fn has_star_args(args: &[Expr]) -> bool {
-    args.iter()
-        .any(|a| matches!(&a.node, ExprKind::Starred { .. }))
-}
-
-/// F502
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_expected_mapping(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    right: &Expr,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.keywords.is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        // Tuple, List, Set (+comprehensions)
-        match right.node {
-            ExprKind::List { .. }
-            | ExprKind::Tuple { .. }
-            | ExprKind::Set { .. }
-            | ExprKind::ListComp { .. }
-            | ExprKind::SetComp { .. }
-            | ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. } => Some(Check::new(
-                CheckKind::PercentFormatExpectedMapping,
-                location,
-            )),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// F503
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_expected_sequence(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    right: &Expr,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.num_positional <= 1 {
-        None
-    } else {
-        match right.node {
-            ExprKind::Dict { .. } | ExprKind::DictComp { .. } => Some(Check::new(
-                CheckKind::PercentFormatExpectedSequence,
-                location,
-            )),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// F504
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_extra_named_arguments(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    right: &Expr,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.num_positional > 0 {
-        return None;
-    }
-    let ExprKind::Dict { keys, values } = &right.node else {
-        return None;
-    };
-    if values.len() > keys.len() {
-        return None; // contains **x splat
-    }
-
-    let missing: Vec<&String> = keys
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|k| match &k.node {
-            // We can only check that string literals exist
-            ExprKind::Constant {
-                value: Constant::Str(value),
-                ..
-            } => {
-                if summary.keywords.contains(value) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(value)
-                }
-            }
-            _ => None,
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    if missing.is_empty() {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    Some(Check::new(
-        CheckKind::PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments(missing.iter().map(|&s| s.clone()).collect()),
-        location,
-    ))
-}
-
-/// F505
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_missing_arguments(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    right: &Expr,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.num_positional > 0 {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    if let ExprKind::Dict { keys, values } = &right.node {
-        if values.len() > keys.len() {
-            return None; // contains **x splat
-        }
-
-        let mut keywords = FxHashSet::default();
-        for key in keys {
-            match &key.node {
-                ExprKind::Constant {
-                    value: Constant::Str(value),
-                    ..
-                } => {
-                    keywords.insert(value);
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return None; // Dynamic keys present
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let missing: Vec<&String> = summary
-            .keywords
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|k| !keywords.contains(k))
-            .collect();
-
-        if missing.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(Check::new(
-                CheckKind::PercentFormatMissingArgument(
-                    missing.iter().map(|&s| s.clone()).collect(),
-                ),
-                location,
-            ))
-        }
-    } else {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-/// F506
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_mixed_positional_and_named(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.num_positional == 0 || summary.keywords.is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(Check::new(
-            CheckKind::PercentFormatMixedPositionalAndNamed,
-            location,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-/// F507
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_positional_count_mismatch(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    right: &Expr,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if !summary.keywords.is_empty() {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    match &right.node {
-        ExprKind::List { elts, .. } | ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } | ExprKind::Set { elts, .. } => {
-            let mut found = 0;
-            for elt in elts {
-                if let ExprKind::Starred { .. } = &elt.node {
-                    return None;
-                }
-                found += 1;
-            }
-
-            if found == summary.num_positional {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(Check::new(
-                    CheckKind::PercentFormatPositionalCountMismatch(summary.num_positional, found),
-                    location,
-                ))
-            }
-        }
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
-/// F508
-pub(crate) fn percent_format_star_requires_sequence(
-    summary: &CFormatSummary,
-    right: &Expr,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.starred {
-        match &right.node {
-            ExprKind::Dict { .. } | ExprKind::DictComp { .. } => Some(Check::new(
-                CheckKind::PercentFormatStarRequiresSequence,
-                location,
-            )),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    } else {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-/// F522
-pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_extra_named_arguments(
-    summary: &FormatSummary,
-    keywords: &[Keyword],
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if has_star_star_kwargs(keywords) {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    let keywords = keywords.iter().filter_map(|k| {
-        let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &k.node;
-        arg.as_ref()
-    });
-
-    let missing: Vec<&String> = keywords
-        .filter(|&k| !summary.keywords.contains(k))
-        .collect();
-
-    if missing.is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(Check::new(
-            CheckKind::StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments(
-                missing.iter().map(|&s| s.clone()).collect(),
-            ),
-            location,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-/// F523
-pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_extra_positional_arguments(
-    summary: &FormatSummary,
-    args: &[Expr],
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if has_star_args(args) {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    let missing: Vec<String> = (0..args.len())
-        .filter(|i| !(summary.autos.contains(i) || summary.indexes.contains(i)))
-        .map(|i| i.to_string())
-        .collect();
-
-    if missing.is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(Check::new(
-            CheckKind::StringDotFormatExtraPositionalArguments(missing),
-            location,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-/// F524
-pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_missing_argument(
-    summary: &FormatSummary,
-    args: &[Expr],
-    keywords: &[Keyword],
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if has_star_args(args) || has_star_star_kwargs(keywords) {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    let keywords: FxHashSet<_> = keywords
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|k| {
-            let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &k.node;
-            arg.as_ref()
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    let missing: Vec<String> = summary
-        .autos
-        .iter()
-        .chain(summary.indexes.iter())
-        .filter(|&&i| i >= args.len())
-        .map(ToString::to_string)
-        .chain(
-            summary
-                .keywords
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|k| !keywords.contains(k))
-                .cloned(),
-        )
-        .collect();
-
-    if missing.is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(Check::new(
-            CheckKind::StringDotFormatMissingArguments(missing),
-            location,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-/// F525
-pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_mixing_automatic(
-    summary: &FormatSummary,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Option<Check> {
-    if summary.autos.is_empty() || summary.indexes.is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(Check::new(
-            CheckKind::StringDotFormatMixingAutomatic,
-            location,
-        ))
-    }
-}
 
 /// F631
 pub fn assert_tuple(test: &Expr, location: Range) -> Option<Check> {

src/pyflakes/fixes.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use libcst_native::{Codegen, CodegenState, ImportNames, SmallStatement, Statement};
-use rustpython_ast::Stmt;
+use libcst_native::{
+    Call, Codegen, CodegenState, Dict, DictElement, Expression, ImportNames, SmallStatement,
+    Statement,
+};
+use rustpython_ast::{Expr, Stmt};
 
 use crate::ast::types::Range;
 use crate::autofix::{helpers, Fix};
 use crate::cst::helpers::compose_module_path;
-use crate::cst::matchers::match_module;
+use crate::cst::matchers::{match_expr, match_module};
+use crate::python::string::strip_quotes_and_prefixes;
 use crate::source_code_locator::SourceCodeLocator;
 
-/// Generate a Fix to remove any unused imports from an `import` statement.
+/// Generate a `Fix` to remove any unused imports from an `import` statement.
 pub fn remove_unused_imports(
     locator: &SourceCodeLocator,
     unused_imports: &Vec<(&String, &Range)>,
@@ -73,3 +77,93 @@ pub fn remove_unused_imports(
         ))
     }
 }
+
+/// Generate a `Fix` to remove unused keys from format dict.
+pub fn remove_unused_format_arguments_from_dict(
+    locator: &SourceCodeLocator,
+    unused_arguments: &[&str],
+    stmt: &Expr,
+) -> Result<Fix> {
+    let module_text = locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(stmt));
+    let mut tree = match_module(&module_text)?;
+    let mut body = match_expr(&mut tree)?;
+
+    let new_dict = {
+        let Expression::Dict(dict) = &body.value else {
+            bail!("Expected Expression::Dict")
+        };
+
+        Dict {
+            lbrace: dict.lbrace.clone(),
+            lpar: dict.lpar.clone(),
+            rbrace: dict.rbrace.clone(),
+            rpar: dict.rpar.clone(),
+            elements: dict
+                .elements
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|e| match e {
+                    DictElement::Simple {
+                        key: Expression::SimpleString(name),
+                        ..
+                    } if unused_arguments.contains(&strip_quotes_and_prefixes(name.value)) => None,
+                    e => Some(e.clone()),
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        }
+    };
+
+    body.value = Expression::Dict(Box::new(new_dict));
+
+    let mut state = CodegenState::default();
+    tree.codegen(&mut state);
+
+    Ok(Fix::replacement(
+        state.to_string(),
+        stmt.location,
+        stmt.end_location.unwrap(),
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Generate a `Fix` to remove unused keyword arguments from format call.
+pub fn remove_unused_keyword_arguments_from_format_call(
+    locator: &SourceCodeLocator,
+    unused_arguments: &[&str],
+    location: Range,
+) -> Result<Fix> {
+    let module_text = locator.slice_source_code_range(&location);
+    let mut tree = match_module(&module_text)?;
+    let mut body = match_expr(&mut tree)?;
+
+    let new_call = {
+        let Expression::Call(call) = &body.value else {
+            bail!("Expected Expression::Call")
+        };
+
+        Call {
+            func: call.func.clone(),
+            lpar: call.lpar.clone(),
+            rpar: call.rpar.clone(),
+            whitespace_before_args: call.whitespace_before_args.clone(),
+            whitespace_after_func: call.whitespace_after_func.clone(),
+            args: call
+                .args
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|e| match &e.keyword {
+                    Some(kw) if unused_arguments.contains(&kw.value) => None,
+                    _ => Some(e.clone()),
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        }
+    };
+
+    body.value = Expression::Call(Box::new(new_call));
+
+    let mut state = CodegenState::default();
+    tree.codegen(&mut state);
+
+    Ok(Fix::replacement(
+        state.to_string(),
+        location.location,
+        location.end_location,
+    ))
+}

src/pyflakes/foo.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

src/pyflakes/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 pub mod cformat;
 pub mod checks;
 pub mod fixes;
-mod foo;
 pub mod format;
 pub mod plugins;
 
@@ -94,6 +93,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(CheckCode::F821, Path::new("F821_3.py"); "F821_3")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::F821, Path::new("F821_4.py"); "F821_4")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::F821, Path::new("F821_5.py"); "F821_5")]
+    #[test_case(CheckCode::F821, Path::new("F821_6.py"); "F821_6")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::F822, Path::new("F822.py"); "F822")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::F823, Path::new("F823.py"); "F823")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::F831, Path::new("F831.py"); "F831")]
@@ -405,14 +405,23 @@ mod tests {
         "#,
             &[],
         )?;
-        // Pyflakes allows this, but it causes other issues.
-        // flakes(
-        //     r#"
-        // def c(): bar
-        // def b(): global bar; bar = 1
-        // "#,
-        //     &[],
-        // )?;
+        flakes(
+            r#"
+        def c(): bar
+        def b(): global bar; bar = 1
+        "#,
+            &[],
+        )?;
+        // TODO(charlie): Extract globals recursively (such that we don't raise F821).
+        flakes(
+            r#"
+        def c(): bar
+        def d():
+            def b():
+                global bar; bar = 1
+        "#,
+            &[CheckCode::F821],
+        )?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -1482,7 +1491,7 @@ mod tests {
         class bar:
             import fu
         "#,
-            &[CheckCode::F401],
+            &[],
         )?;
 
         flakes(
@@ -1492,7 +1501,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         fu
         "#,
-            &[CheckCode::F401, CheckCode::F821],
+            &[CheckCode::F821],
         )?;
 
         Ok(())
@@ -2097,7 +2106,7 @@ mod tests {
             def fun(self):
                 fu
         "#,
-            &[CheckCode::F401, CheckCode::F821],
+            &[CheckCode::F821],
         )?;
 
         Ok(())
@@ -2343,18 +2352,17 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    #[ignore]
     #[test]
     fn imported_in_class() -> Result<()> {
         // Imports in class scope can be used through self.
         flakes(
             r#"
-        class c:
+        class C:
             import i
             def __init__(self):
                 self.i
         "#,
-            &[CheckCode::F401],
+            &[],
         )?;
 
         Ok(())

src/pyflakes/plugins/mod.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,18 @@ pub use if_tuple::if_tuple;
 pub use invalid_literal_comparisons::invalid_literal_comparison;
 pub use invalid_print_syntax::invalid_print_syntax;
 pub use raise_not_implemented::raise_not_implemented;
+pub(crate) use strings::{
+    percent_format_expected_mapping, percent_format_expected_sequence,
+    percent_format_extra_named_arguments, percent_format_missing_arguments,
+    percent_format_mixed_positional_and_named, percent_format_positional_count_mismatch,
+    percent_format_star_requires_sequence, string_dot_format_extra_named_arguments,
+    string_dot_format_extra_positional_arguments, string_dot_format_missing_argument,
+    string_dot_format_mixing_automatic,
+};
 
 mod assert_tuple;
 mod if_tuple;
 mod invalid_literal_comparisons;
 mod invalid_print_syntax;
 mod raise_not_implemented;
+mod strings;

src/pyflakes/plugins/strings.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+use std::string::ToString;
+
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
+use rustpython_ast::{Keyword, KeywordData};
+use rustpython_parser::ast::{Constant, Expr, ExprKind};
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::{Check, CheckKind};
+use crate::pyflakes::cformat::CFormatSummary;
+use crate::pyflakes::fixes::{
+    remove_unused_format_arguments_from_dict, remove_unused_keyword_arguments_from_format_call,
+};
+use crate::pyflakes::format::FormatSummary;
+
+fn has_star_star_kwargs(keywords: &[Keyword]) -> bool {
+    keywords.iter().any(|k| {
+        let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &k.node;
+        arg.is_none()
+    })
+}
+
+fn has_star_args(args: &[Expr]) -> bool {
+    args.iter()
+        .any(|arg| matches!(&arg.node, ExprKind::Starred { .. }))
+}
+
+/// F502
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_expected_mapping(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    right: &Expr,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if !summary.keywords.is_empty() {
+        // Tuple, List, Set (+comprehensions)
+        match right.node {
+            ExprKind::List { .. }
+            | ExprKind::Tuple { .. }
+            | ExprKind::Set { .. }
+            | ExprKind::ListComp { .. }
+            | ExprKind::SetComp { .. }
+            | ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. } => checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::PercentFormatExpectedMapping,
+                location,
+            )),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// F503
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_expected_sequence(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    right: &Expr,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if summary.num_positional > 1
+        && matches!(
+            right.node,
+            ExprKind::Dict { .. } | ExprKind::DictComp { .. }
+        )
+    {
+        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::PercentFormatExpectedSequence,
+            location,
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+/// F504
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_extra_named_arguments(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    right: &Expr,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if summary.num_positional > 0 {
+        return;
+    }
+    let ExprKind::Dict { keys, values } = &right.node else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if values.len() > keys.len() {
+        return; // contains **x splat
+    }
+
+    let missing: Vec<&str> = keys
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|k| match &k.node {
+            // We can only check that string literals exist
+            ExprKind::Constant {
+                value: Constant::Str(value),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                if summary.keywords.contains(value) {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(value.as_str())
+                }
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    if missing.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut check = Check::new(
+        CheckKind::PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments(
+            missing.iter().map(|&arg| arg.to_string()).collect(),
+        ),
+        location,
+    );
+    if checker.patch(check.kind.code()) {
+        if let Ok(fix) = remove_unused_format_arguments_from_dict(checker.locator, &missing, right)
+        {
+            check.amend(fix);
+        }
+    }
+    checker.add_check(check);
+}
+
+/// F505
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_missing_arguments(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    right: &Expr,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if summary.num_positional > 0 {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if let ExprKind::Dict { keys, values } = &right.node {
+        if values.len() > keys.len() {
+            return; // contains **x splat
+        }
+
+        let mut keywords = FxHashSet::default();
+        for key in keys {
+            match &key.node {
+                ExprKind::Constant {
+                    value: Constant::Str(value),
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    keywords.insert(value);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    return; // Dynamic keys present
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let missing: Vec<&String> = summary
+            .keywords
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|k| !keywords.contains(k))
+            .collect();
+
+        if !missing.is_empty() {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::PercentFormatMissingArgument(
+                    missing.iter().map(|&s| s.clone()).collect(),
+                ),
+                location,
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// F506
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_mixed_positional_and_named(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if !(summary.num_positional == 0 || summary.keywords.is_empty()) {
+        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::PercentFormatMixedPositionalAndNamed,
+            location,
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+/// F507
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_positional_count_mismatch(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    right: &Expr,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if !summary.keywords.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    match &right.node {
+        ExprKind::List { elts, .. } | ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } | ExprKind::Set { elts, .. } => {
+            let mut found = 0;
+            for elt in elts {
+                if let ExprKind::Starred { .. } = &elt.node {
+                    return;
+                }
+                found += 1;
+            }
+
+            if found != summary.num_positional {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::PercentFormatPositionalCountMismatch(summary.num_positional, found),
+                    location,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}
+
+/// F508
+pub(crate) fn percent_format_star_requires_sequence(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &CFormatSummary,
+    right: &Expr,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if summary.starred {
+        match &right.node {
+            ExprKind::Dict { .. } | ExprKind::DictComp { .. } => checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::PercentFormatStarRequiresSequence,
+                location,
+            )),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// F522
+pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_extra_named_arguments(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &FormatSummary,
+    keywords: &[Keyword],
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if has_star_star_kwargs(keywords) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let keywords = keywords.iter().filter_map(|k| {
+        let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &k.node;
+        arg.as_ref()
+    });
+
+    let missing: Vec<&str> = keywords
+        .filter_map(|arg| {
+            if summary.keywords.contains(arg) {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(arg.as_str())
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    if missing.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut check = Check::new(
+        CheckKind::StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments(
+            missing.iter().map(|&arg| arg.to_string()).collect(),
+        ),
+        location,
+    );
+    if checker.patch(check.kind.code()) {
+        if let Ok(fix) =
+            remove_unused_keyword_arguments_from_format_call(checker.locator, &missing, location)
+        {
+            check.amend(fix);
+        }
+    }
+    checker.add_check(check);
+}
+
+/// F523
+pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_extra_positional_arguments(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &FormatSummary,
+    args: &[Expr],
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if has_star_args(args) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let missing: Vec<usize> = (0..args.len())
+        .filter(|i| !(summary.autos.contains(i) || summary.indexes.contains(i)))
+        .collect();
+
+    if missing.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+        CheckKind::StringDotFormatExtraPositionalArguments(
+            missing
+                .iter()
+                .map(std::string::ToString::to_string)
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+        ),
+        location,
+    ));
+}
+
+/// F524
+pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_missing_argument(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &FormatSummary,
+    args: &[Expr],
+    keywords: &[Keyword],
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if has_star_args(args) || has_star_star_kwargs(keywords) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let keywords: FxHashSet<_> = keywords
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|k| {
+            let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &k.node;
+            arg.as_ref()
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let missing: Vec<String> = summary
+        .autos
+        .iter()
+        .chain(summary.indexes.iter())
+        .filter(|&&i| i >= args.len())
+        .map(ToString::to_string)
+        .chain(
+            summary
+                .keywords
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|k| !keywords.contains(k))
+                .cloned(),
+        )
+        .collect();
+
+    if !missing.is_empty() {
+        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::StringDotFormatMissingArguments(missing),
+            location,
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+/// F525
+pub(crate) fn string_dot_format_mixing_automatic(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    summary: &FormatSummary,
+    location: Range,
+) {
+    if !(summary.autos.is_empty() || summary.indexes.is_empty()) {
+        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::StringDotFormatMixingAutomatic,
+            location,
+        ));
+    }
+}

src/pyflakes/snapshots/ruff__pyflakes__tests__F504_F504.py.snap

@@ -11,5 +11,46 @@ expression: checks
   end_location:
     row: 3
     column: 34
-  fix: ~
+  fix:
+    content: "{a: \"?\", }"
+    location:
+      row: 3
+      column: 16
+    end_location:
+      row: 3
+      column: 34
+- kind:
+    PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments:
+      - b
+  location:
+    row: 8
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 8
+    column: 29
+  fix:
+    content: "{\"a\": 1, }"
+    location:
+      row: 8
+      column: 10
+    end_location:
+      row: 8
+      column: 29
+- kind:
+    PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments:
+      - b
+  location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 29
+  fix:
+    content: "{'a': 1, }"
+    location:
+      row: 9
+      column: 10
+    end_location:
+      row: 9
+      column: 29
 

src/pyflakes/snapshots/ruff__pyflakes__tests__F504_F50x.py.snap

@@ -11,5 +11,12 @@ expression: checks
   end_location:
     row: 8
     column: 32
-  fix: ~
+  fix:
+    content: "{'bar': 1, }"
+    location:
+      row: 8
+      column: 12
+    end_location:
+      row: 8
+      column: 32
 

src/pyflakes/snapshots/ruff__pyflakes__tests__F522_F522.py.snap

@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@ expression: checks
   end_location:
     row: 1
     column: 21
-  fix: ~
+  fix:
+    content: "\"{}\".format(1, )"
+    location:
+      row: 1
+      column: 0
+    end_location:
+      row: 1
+      column: 21
 - kind:
     StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments:
       - spam
@@ -21,7 +28,14 @@ expression: checks
   end_location:
     row: 2
     column: 34
-  fix: ~
+  fix:
+    content: "\"{bar}{}\".format(1, bar=2, )"
+    location:
+      row: 2
+      column: 0
+    end_location:
+      row: 2
+      column: 34
 - kind:
     StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments:
       - eggs
@@ -32,5 +46,12 @@ expression: checks
   end_location:
     row: 4
     column: 51
-  fix: ~
+  fix:
+    content: "\"{bar:{spam}}\".format(bar=2, spam=3, )"
+    location:
+      row: 4
+      column: 0
+    end_location:
+      row: 4
+      column: 51
 

src/pyflakes/snapshots/ruff__pyflakes__tests__F541_F541.py.snap

@@ -26,4 +26,12 @@ expression: checks
     row: 7
     column: 10
   fix: ~
+- kind: FStringMissingPlaceholders
+  location:
+    row: 12
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 12
+    column: 16
+  fix: ~
 

src/pyflakes/snapshots/ruff__pyflakes__tests__F821_F821_0.py.snap

@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ expression: checks
     row: 89
     column: 4
   end_location:
-    row: 89
-    column: 8
+    row: 90
+    column: 10
   fix: ~
 - kind:
     UndefinedName: PEP593Test123

src/pyflakes/snapshots/ruff__pyflakes__tests__F821_F821_6.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+source: src/pyflakes/mod.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+[]
+

src/pylint/mod.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLC0414, Path::new("import_aliasing.py"); "PLC0414")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLC2201, Path::new("misplaced_comparison_constant.py"); "PLC2201")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLC3002, Path::new("unnecessary_direct_lambda_call.py"); "PLC3002")]
+    #[test_case(CheckCode::PLE0117, Path::new("nonlocal_without_binding.py"); "PLE0117")]
+    #[test_case(CheckCode::PLE0118, Path::new("used_prior_global_declaration.py"); "PLE0118")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLE1142, Path::new("await_outside_async.py"); "PLE1142")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLR0206, Path::new("property_with_parameters.py"); "PLR0206")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLR0402, Path::new("import_aliasing.py"); "PLR0402")]
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLR1722, Path::new("consider_using_sys_exit_5.py"); "PLR1722_5")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLR1722, Path::new("consider_using_sys_exit_6.py"); "PLR1722_6")]
     #[test_case(CheckCode::PLW0120, Path::new("useless_else_on_loop.py"); "PLW0120")]
+    #[test_case(CheckCode::PLW0602, Path::new("global_variable_not_assigned.py"); "PLW0602")]
     fn checks(check_code: CheckCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", check_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let mut checks = test_path(

src/pylint/plugins/mod.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pub use property_with_parameters::property_with_parameters;
 pub use unnecessary_direct_lambda_call::unnecessary_direct_lambda_call;
 pub use use_from_import::use_from_import;
 pub use use_sys_exit::use_sys_exit;
+pub use used_prior_global_declaration::used_prior_global_declaration;
 pub use useless_else_on_loop::useless_else_on_loop;
 pub use useless_import_alias::useless_import_alias;
 
@@ -15,5 +16,6 @@ mod property_with_parameters;
 mod unnecessary_direct_lambda_call;
 mod use_from_import;
 mod use_sys_exit;
+mod used_prior_global_declaration;
 mod useless_else_on_loop;
 mod useless_import_alias;

src/pylint/plugins/used_prior_global_declaration.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use rustpython_ast::Expr;
+
+use crate::ast::types::{Range, ScopeKind};
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::CheckKind;
+use crate::Check;
+
+/// PLE0118
+pub fn used_prior_global_declaration(checker: &mut Checker, name: &str, expr: &Expr) {
+    let globals = match &checker.current_scope().kind {
+        ScopeKind::Class(class_def) => &class_def.globals,
+        ScopeKind::Function(function_def) => &function_def.globals,
+        _ => return,
+    };
+    if let Some(stmt) = globals.get(name) {
+        if expr.location < stmt.location {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration(name.to_string(), stmt.location.row()),
+                Range::from_located(expr),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/pylint/snapshots/ruff__pylint__tests__PLE0117_nonlocal_without_binding.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+source: src/pylint/mod.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    NonlocalWithoutBinding: x
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 14
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    NonlocalWithoutBinding: y
+  location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 14
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    NonlocalWithoutBinding: y
+  location:
+    row: 19
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 19
+    column: 18
+  fix: ~
+

src/pylint/snapshots/ruff__pylint__tests__PLE0118_used_prior_global_declaration.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+---
+source: src/pylint/mod.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 7
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 10
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 11
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 17
+  location:
+    row: 15
+    column: 10
+  end_location:
+    row: 15
+    column: 11
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 25
+  location:
+    row: 23
+    column: 10
+  end_location:
+    row: 23
+    column: 11
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 35
+  location:
+    row: 33
+    column: 10
+  end_location:
+    row: 33
+    column: 11
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 43
+  location:
+    row: 41
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 41
+    column: 5
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 53
+  location:
+    row: 51
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 51
+    column: 5
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 61
+  location:
+    row: 59
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 59
+    column: 9
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 71
+  location:
+    row: 69
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 69
+    column: 9
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 79
+  location:
+    row: 77
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 77
+    column: 9
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 89
+  location:
+    row: 87
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 87
+    column: 9
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 97
+  location:
+    row: 95
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 95
+    column: 9
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UsedPriorGlobalDeclaration:
+      - x
+      - 107
+  location:
+    row: 105
+    column: 8
+  end_location:
+    row: 105
+    column: 9
+  fix: ~
+

src/pylint/snapshots/ruff__pylint__tests__PLW0602_global_variable_not_assigned.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+source: src/pylint/mod.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    GlobalVariableNotAssigned: x
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 12
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    GlobalVariableNotAssigned: x
+  location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 4
+  end_location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 12
+  fix: ~
+

src/python/string.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+pub static STRING_QUOTE_PREFIX_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r#"^(?i)[urb]*['"](?P<raw>.*)['"]$"#).unwrap());
+
 pub fn is_lower(s: &str) -> bool {
     let mut cased = false;
     for c in s.chars() {
@@ -22,9 +28,22 @@ pub fn is_upper(s: &str) -> bool {
     cased
 }
 
+/// Remove prefixes (u, r, b) and quotes around a string. This expects the given
+/// string to be a valid Python string representation, it doesn't do any
+/// validation.
+pub fn strip_quotes_and_prefixes(s: &str) -> &str {
+    match STRING_QUOTE_PREFIX_REGEX.captures(s) {
+        Some(caps) => match caps.name("raw") {
+            Some(m) => m.as_str(),
+            None => s,
+        },
+        None => s,
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::python::string::{is_lower, is_upper};
+    use crate::python::string::{is_lower, is_upper, strip_quotes_and_prefixes};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_is_lower() {
@@ -47,4 +66,12 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!is_upper(""));
         assert!(!is_upper("_"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_strip_quotes_and_prefixes() {
+        assert_eq!(strip_quotes_and_prefixes(r#"'a'"#), "a");
+        assert_eq!(strip_quotes_and_prefixes(r#"bur'a'"#), "a");
+        assert_eq!(strip_quotes_and_prefixes(r#"UrB'a'"#), "a");
+        assert_eq!(strip_quotes_and_prefixes(r#""a""#), "a");
+    }
 }

src/resolver.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+//! Discover Python files, and their corresponding `Settings`, from the
+//! filesystem.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use log::debug;
+use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
+use walkdir::{DirEntry, WalkDir};
+
+use crate::cli::Overrides;
+use crate::fs;
+use crate::settings::configuration::Configuration;
+use crate::settings::{pyproject, Settings};
+
+/// The strategy for discovering a `pyproject.toml` file for each Python file.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Strategy {
+    /// Use a fixed `pyproject.toml` file for all Python files (i.e., one
+    /// provided on the command-line).
+    Fixed(Settings),
+    /// Use the closest `pyproject.toml` file in the filesystem hierarchy, or
+    /// the default settings.
+    Hierarchical(Settings),
+}
+
+/// The strategy for resolving file paths in a `pyproject.toml`.
+pub enum Relativity {
+    /// Resolve file paths relative to the current working directory.
+    Cwd,
+    /// Resolve file paths relative to the directory containing the
+    /// `pyproject.toml`.
+    Parent,
+}
+
+impl Relativity {
+    pub fn resolve(&self, path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+        match self {
+            Relativity::Parent => path
+                .parent()
+                .expect("Expected pyproject.toml file to be in parent directory")
+                .to_path_buf(),
+            Relativity::Cwd => path_dedot::CWD.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Resolver {
+    settings: BTreeMap<PathBuf, Settings>,
+}
+
+impl Resolver {
+    /// Merge a `Resolver` into the current `Resolver`.
+    pub fn merge(&mut self, resolver: Resolver) {
+        self.settings.extend(resolver.settings);
+    }
+
+    /// Add a resolved `Settings` under a given `PathBuf` scope.
+    pub fn add(&mut self, path: PathBuf, settings: Settings) {
+        self.settings.insert(path, settings);
+    }
+
+    /// Return the appropriate `Settings` for a given `Path`.
+    pub fn resolve<'a>(&'a self, path: &Path, strategy: &'a Strategy) -> &'a Settings {
+        match strategy {
+            Strategy::Fixed(settings) => settings,
+            Strategy::Hierarchical(default) => self
+                .settings
+                .iter()
+                .rev()
+                .find_map(|(root, settings)| {
+                    if path.starts_with(root) {
+                        Some(settings)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+                .unwrap_or(default),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Recursively resolve a `Configuration` from a `pyproject.toml` file at the
+/// specified `Path`.
+// TODO(charlie): This whole system could do with some caching. Right now, if a
+// configuration file extends another in the same path, we'll re-parse the same
+// file at least twice (possibly more than twice, since we'll also parse it when
+// resolving the "default" configuration).
+pub fn resolve_configuration(
+    pyproject: &Path,
+    relativity: &Relativity,
+    overrides: Option<&Overrides>,
+) -> Result<Configuration> {
+    let mut seen = FxHashSet::default();
+    let mut stack = vec![];
+    let mut next = Some(fs::normalize_path(pyproject));
+    while let Some(path) = next {
+        if seen.contains(&path) {
+            bail!("Circular dependency detected in pyproject.toml");
+        }
+
+        // Resolve the current path.
+        let options = pyproject::load_options(&path)?;
+        let project_root = relativity.resolve(&path);
+        let configuration = Configuration::from_options(options, &project_root)?;
+
+        // If extending, continue to collect.
+        next = configuration.extend.as_ref().map(|extend| {
+            fs::normalize_path_to(
+                extend,
+                path.parent()
+                    .expect("Expected pyproject.toml file to be in parent directory"),
+            )
+        });
+
+        // Keep track of (1) the paths we've already resolved (to avoid cycles), and (2)
+        // the base configuration for every path.
+        seen.insert(path);
+        stack.push(configuration);
+    }
+
+    // Merge the configurations, in order.
+    stack.reverse();
+    let mut configuration = stack.pop().unwrap();
+    while let Some(extend) = stack.pop() {
+        configuration = configuration.combine(extend);
+    }
+    if let Some(overrides) = overrides {
+        configuration.apply(overrides.clone());
+    }
+    Ok(configuration)
+}
+
+/// Extract the project root (scope) and `Settings` from a given
+/// `pyproject.toml`.
+pub fn resolve_scoped_settings(
+    pyproject: &Path,
+    relativity: &Relativity,
+    overrides: Option<&Overrides>,
+) -> Result<(PathBuf, Settings)> {
+    let project_root = relativity.resolve(pyproject);
+    let configuration = resolve_configuration(pyproject, relativity, overrides)?;
+    let settings = Settings::from_configuration(configuration, &project_root)?;
+    Ok((project_root, settings))
+}
+
+/// Extract the `Settings` from a given `pyproject.toml`.
+pub fn resolve_settings(
+    pyproject: &Path,
+    relativity: &Relativity,
+    overrides: Option<&Overrides>,
+) -> Result<Settings> {
+    let (_project_root, settings) = resolve_scoped_settings(pyproject, relativity, overrides)?;
+    Ok(settings)
+}
+
+/// Return `true` if the given file should be ignored based on the exclusion
+/// criteria.
+fn is_excluded(file_path: &str, file_basename: &str, exclude: &globset::GlobSet) -> bool {
+    exclude.is_match(file_path) || exclude.is_match(file_basename)
+}
+
+/// Return `true` if the `Path` appears to be that of a Python file.
+fn is_python_file(path: &Path) -> bool {
+    path.extension()
+        .map_or(false, |ext| ext == "py" || ext == "pyi")
+}
+
+/// Find all Python (`.py` and `.pyi` files) in a set of `PathBuf`s.
+pub fn resolve_python_files(
+    paths: &[PathBuf],
+    strategy: &Strategy,
+    overrides: &Overrides,
+) -> Result<(Vec<Result<DirEntry, walkdir::Error>>, Resolver)> {
+    let mut files = Vec::new();
+    let mut resolver = Resolver::default();
+    for path in paths {
+        let (files_in_path, file_resolver) = python_files_in_path(path, strategy, overrides)?;
+        files.extend(files_in_path);
+        resolver.merge(file_resolver);
+    }
+    Ok((files, resolver))
+}
+
+/// Find all Python (`.py` and `.pyi` files) in a given `Path`.
+fn python_files_in_path(
+    path: &Path,
+    strategy: &Strategy,
+    overrides: &Overrides,
+) -> Result<(Vec<Result<DirEntry, walkdir::Error>>, Resolver)> {
+    let path = fs::normalize_path(path);
+
+    // Search for `pyproject.toml` files in all parent directories.
+    let mut resolver = Resolver::default();
+    for path in path.ancestors() {
+        if path.is_dir() {
+            let pyproject = path.join("pyproject.toml");
+            if pyproject.is_file() {
+                let (root, settings) =
+                    resolve_scoped_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Parent, Some(overrides))?;
+                resolver.add(root, settings);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Collect all Python files.
+    let files: Vec<Result<DirEntry, walkdir::Error>> = WalkDir::new(path)
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_entry(|entry| {
+            // Search for the `pyproject.toml` file in this directory, before we visit any
+            // of its contents.
+            if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
+                let pyproject = entry.path().join("pyproject.toml");
+                if pyproject.is_file() {
+                    // TODO(charlie): Return a `Result` here.
+                    let (root, settings) =
+                        resolve_scoped_settings(&pyproject, &Relativity::Parent, Some(overrides))
+                            .unwrap();
+                    resolver.add(root, settings);
+                }
+            }
+
+            let path = entry.path();
+            let settings = resolver.resolve(path, strategy);
+            match fs::extract_path_names(path) {
+                Ok((file_path, file_basename)) => {
+                    if !settings.exclude.is_empty()
+                        && is_excluded(file_path, file_basename, &settings.exclude)
+                    {
+                        debug!("Ignored path via `exclude`: {:?}", path);
+                        false
+                    } else if !settings.extend_exclude.is_empty()
+                        && is_excluded(file_path, file_basename, &settings.extend_exclude)
+                    {
+                        debug!("Ignored path via `extend-exclude`: {:?}", path);
+                        false
+                    } else {
+                        true
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    debug!("Ignored path due to error in parsing: {:?}: {}", path, e);
+                    true
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .filter(|entry| {
+            entry.as_ref().map_or(true, |entry| {
+                (entry.depth() == 0 || is_python_file(entry.path()))
+                    && !entry.file_type().is_dir()
+                    && !(entry.file_type().is_symlink() && entry.path().is_dir())
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    Ok((files, resolver))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::path::Path;
+
+    use anyhow::Result;
+    use globset::GlobSet;
+    use path_absolutize::Absolutize;
+
+    use crate::fs;
+    use crate::resolver::{is_excluded, is_python_file};
+    use crate::settings::types::FilePattern;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn inclusions() {
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py").absolutize().unwrap();
+        assert!(is_python_file(&path));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.pyi").absolutize().unwrap();
+        assert!(is_python_file(&path));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.js").absolutize().unwrap();
+        assert!(!is_python_file(&path));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz").absolutize().unwrap();
+        assert!(!is_python_file(&path));
+    }
+
+    fn make_exclusion(file_pattern: FilePattern) -> GlobSet {
+        let mut builder = globset::GlobSetBuilder::new();
+        file_pattern.add_to(&mut builder).unwrap();
+        builder.build().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exclusions() -> Result<()> {
+        let project_root = Path::new("/tmp/");
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo").absolutize_from(project_root).unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "foo".to_string(),
+            Path::new("foo")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar").absolutize_from(project_root).unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "bar".to_string(),
+            Path::new("bar")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
+            .absolutize_from(project_root)
+            .unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "baz.py".to_string(),
+            Path::new("baz.py")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar").absolutize_from(project_root).unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "foo/bar".to_string(),
+            Path::new("foo/bar")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
+            .absolutize_from(project_root)
+            .unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "foo/bar/baz.py".to_string(),
+            Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
+            .absolutize_from(project_root)
+            .unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "foo/bar/*.py".to_string(),
+            Path::new("foo/bar/*.py")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        let path = Path::new("foo/bar/baz.py")
+            .absolutize_from(project_root)
+            .unwrap();
+        let exclude = FilePattern::User(
+            "baz".to_string(),
+            Path::new("baz")
+                .absolutize_from(project_root)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_path_buf(),
+        );
+        let (file_path, file_basename) = fs::extract_path_names(&path)?;
+        assert!(!is_excluded(
+            file_path,
+            file_basename,
+            &make_exclusion(exclude,)
+        ));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/settings/configuration.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
-use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
+use glob::{glob, GlobError, Paths, PatternError};
 use regex::Regex;
-use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
-use crate::checks_gen::{CheckCodePrefix, CATEGORIES};
+use crate::checks_gen::CheckCodePrefix;
+use crate::cli::{collect_per_file_ignores, Overrides};
+use crate::settings::options::Options;
 use crate::settings::pyproject::load_options;
 use crate::settings::types::{FilePattern, PerFileIgnore, PythonVersion, SerializationFormat};
 use crate::{
@@ -18,171 +18,217 @@ use crate::{
     flake8_tidy_imports, fs, isort, mccabe, pep8_naming, pyupgrade,
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Configuration {
-    pub allowed_confusables: FxHashSet<char>,
-    pub dummy_variable_rgx: Regex,
-    pub exclude: Vec<FilePattern>,
-    pub extend_exclude: Vec<FilePattern>,
-    pub extend_ignore: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
-    pub extend_select: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
-    pub external: Vec<String>,
-    pub fix: bool,
-    pub fixable: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
-    pub format: SerializationFormat,
-    pub ignore: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
-    pub ignore_init_module_imports: bool,
-    pub line_length: usize,
-    pub per_file_ignores: Vec<PerFileIgnore>,
-    pub select: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
-    pub show_source: bool,
-    pub src: Vec<PathBuf>,
-    pub target_version: PythonVersion,
-    pub unfixable: Vec<CheckCodePrefix>,
+    pub allowed_confusables: Option<Vec<char>>,
+    pub dummy_variable_rgx: Option<Regex>,
+    pub exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
+    pub extend: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub extend_exclude: Option<Vec<FilePattern>>,
+    pub extend_ignore: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub extend_select: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub external: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub fix: Option<bool>,
+    pub fixable: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub format: Option<SerializationFormat>,
+    pub ignore: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub ignore_init_module_imports: Option<bool>,
+    pub line_length: Option<usize>,
+    pub per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PerFileIgnore>>,
+    pub select: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
+    pub show_source: Option<bool>,
+    pub src: Option<Vec<PathBuf>>,
+    pub target_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+    pub unfixable: Option<Vec<CheckCodePrefix>>,
     // Plugins
-    pub flake8_annotations: flake8_annotations::settings::Settings,
-    pub flake8_bugbear: flake8_bugbear::settings::Settings,
-    pub flake8_import_conventions: flake8_import_conventions::settings::Settings,
-    pub flake8_quotes: flake8_quotes::settings::Settings,
-    pub flake8_tidy_imports: flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Settings,
-    pub isort: isort::settings::Settings,
-    pub mccabe: mccabe::settings::Settings,
-    pub pep8_naming: pep8_naming::settings::Settings,
-    pub pyupgrade: pyupgrade::settings::Settings,
+    pub flake8_annotations: Option<flake8_annotations::settings::Options>,
+    pub flake8_bugbear: Option<flake8_bugbear::settings::Options>,
+    pub flake8_import_conventions: Option<flake8_import_conventions::settings::Options>,
+    pub flake8_quotes: Option<flake8_quotes::settings::Options>,
+    pub flake8_tidy_imports: Option<flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Options>,
+    pub isort: Option<isort::settings::Options>,
+    pub mccabe: Option<mccabe::settings::Options>,
+    pub pep8_naming: Option<pep8_naming::settings::Options>,
+    pub pyupgrade: Option<pyupgrade::settings::Options>,
 }
 
-static DEFAULT_EXCLUDE: Lazy<Vec<FilePattern>> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    vec![
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".bzr"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".direnv"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".eggs"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".git"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".hg"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".mypy_cache"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".nox"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".pants.d"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".ruff_cache"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".svn"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".tox"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin(".venv"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("__pypackages__"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("_build"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("buck-out"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("build"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("dist"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("node_modules"),
-        FilePattern::Builtin("venv"),
-    ]
-});
-
-static DEFAULT_DUMMY_VARIABLE_RGX: Lazy<Regex> =
-    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new("^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$").unwrap());
-
 impl Configuration {
-    pub fn from_pyproject(
-        pyproject: Option<&PathBuf>,
-        project_root: Option<&PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let options = load_options(pyproject)?;
+    pub fn from_pyproject(pyproject: &Path, project_root: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::from_options(load_options(pyproject)?, project_root)
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_options(options: Options, project_root: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Configuration {
-            allowed_confusables: FxHashSet::from_iter(
-                options.allowed_confusables.unwrap_or_default(),
-            ),
-            dummy_variable_rgx: match options.dummy_variable_rgx {
-                Some(pattern) => Regex::new(&pattern)
-                    .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Invalid `dummy-variable-rgx` value: {e}"))?,
-                None => DEFAULT_DUMMY_VARIABLE_RGX.clone(),
-            },
-            src: options.src.map_or_else(
-                || {
-                    vec![match project_root {
-                        Some(project_root) => project_root.clone(),
-                        None => path_dedot::CWD.clone(),
-                    }]
-                },
-                |src| {
-                    src.iter()
-                        .map(|path| {
-                            let path = Path::new(path);
-                            match project_root {
-                                Some(project_root) => fs::normalize_path_to(path, project_root),
-                                None => fs::normalize_path(path),
-                            }
-                        })
-                        .collect()
-                },
-            ),
-            target_version: options.target_version.unwrap_or(PythonVersion::Py310),
-            exclude: options.exclude.map_or_else(
-                || DEFAULT_EXCLUDE.clone(),
-                |paths| paths.into_iter().map(FilePattern::User).collect(),
-            ),
-            extend_exclude: options
-                .extend_exclude
-                .map(|paths| paths.into_iter().map(FilePattern::User).collect())
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            extend_ignore: options.extend_ignore.unwrap_or_default(),
-            select: options
-                .select
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![CheckCodePrefix::E, CheckCodePrefix::F]),
-            extend_select: options.extend_select.unwrap_or_default(),
-            external: options.external.unwrap_or_default(),
-            fix: options.fix.unwrap_or_default(),
-            fixable: options.fixable.unwrap_or_else(|| CATEGORIES.to_vec()),
-            unfixable: options.unfixable.unwrap_or_default(),
-            format: options.format.unwrap_or_default(),
-            ignore: options.ignore.unwrap_or_default(),
-            ignore_init_module_imports: options.ignore_init_module_imports.unwrap_or_default(),
-            line_length: options.line_length.unwrap_or(88),
-            per_file_ignores: options
-                .per_file_ignores
-                .map(|per_file_ignores| {
-                    per_file_ignores
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|(pattern, prefixes)| PerFileIgnore::new(pattern, &prefixes))
-                        .collect()
-                })
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            show_source: options.show_source.unwrap_or_default(),
+            extend: options.extend.map(PathBuf::from),
+            allowed_confusables: options.allowed_confusables,
+            dummy_variable_rgx: options
+                .dummy_variable_rgx
+                .map(|pattern| Regex::new(&pattern))
+                .transpose()
+                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Invalid `dummy-variable-rgx` value: {e}"))?,
+            src: options
+                .src
+                .map(|src| resolve_src(&src, project_root))
+                .transpose()?,
+            target_version: options.target_version,
+            exclude: options.exclude.map(|paths| {
+                paths
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|pattern| {
+                        let absolute = fs::normalize_path_to(Path::new(&pattern), project_root);
+                        FilePattern::User(pattern, absolute)
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            }),
+            extend_exclude: options.extend_exclude.map(|paths| {
+                paths
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|pattern| {
+                        let absolute = fs::normalize_path_to(Path::new(&pattern), project_root);
+                        FilePattern::User(pattern, absolute)
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            }),
+            extend_ignore: options.extend_ignore,
+            select: options.select,
+            extend_select: options.extend_select,
+            external: options.external,
+            fix: options.fix,
+            fixable: options.fixable,
+            unfixable: options.unfixable,
+            format: options.format,
+            ignore: options.ignore,
+            ignore_init_module_imports: options.ignore_init_module_imports,
+            line_length: options.line_length,
+            per_file_ignores: options.per_file_ignores.map(|per_file_ignores| {
+                per_file_ignores
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(pattern, prefixes)| {
+                        let absolute = fs::normalize_path_to(Path::new(&pattern), project_root);
+                        PerFileIgnore::new(pattern, absolute, &prefixes)
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            }),
+            show_source: options.show_source,
             // Plugins
-            flake8_annotations: options
-                .flake8_annotations
-                .map(flake8_annotations::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            flake8_bugbear: options
-                .flake8_bugbear
-                .map(flake8_bugbear::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            flake8_import_conventions: options
-                .flake8_import_conventions
-                .map(flake8_import_conventions::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            flake8_quotes: options
-                .flake8_quotes
-                .map(flake8_quotes::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            flake8_tidy_imports: options
-                .flake8_tidy_imports
-                .map(flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            isort: options
-                .isort
-                .map(isort::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            mccabe: options
-                .mccabe
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(mccabe::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            pep8_naming: options
-                .pep8_naming
-                .map(pep8_naming::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            pyupgrade: options
-                .pyupgrade
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(pyupgrade::settings::Settings::from_options)
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            flake8_annotations: options.flake8_annotations,
+            flake8_bugbear: options.flake8_bugbear,
+            flake8_import_conventions: options.flake8_import_conventions,
+            flake8_quotes: options.flake8_quotes,
+            flake8_tidy_imports: options.flake8_tidy_imports,
+            isort: options.isort,
+            mccabe: options.mccabe,
+            pep8_naming: options.pep8_naming,
+            pyupgrade: options.pyupgrade,
         })
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn combine(self, config: Configuration) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            allowed_confusables: self.allowed_confusables.or(config.allowed_confusables),
+            dummy_variable_rgx: self.dummy_variable_rgx.or(config.dummy_variable_rgx),
+            exclude: self.exclude.or(config.exclude),
+            extend: self.extend.or(config.extend),
+            extend_exclude: self.extend_exclude.or(config.extend_exclude),
+            extend_ignore: self.extend_ignore.or(config.extend_ignore),
+            extend_select: self.extend_select.or(config.extend_select),
+            external: self.external.or(config.external),
+            fix: self.fix.or(config.fix),
+            fixable: self.fixable.or(config.fixable),
+            format: self.format.or(config.format),
+            ignore: self.ignore.or(config.ignore),
+            ignore_init_module_imports: self
+                .ignore_init_module_imports
+                .or(config.ignore_init_module_imports),
+            line_length: self.line_length.or(config.line_length),
+            per_file_ignores: self.per_file_ignores.or(config.per_file_ignores),
+            select: self.select.or(config.select),
+            show_source: self.show_source.or(config.show_source),
+            src: self.src.or(config.src),
+            target_version: self.target_version.or(config.target_version),
+            unfixable: self.unfixable.or(config.unfixable),
+            // Plugins
+            flake8_annotations: self.flake8_annotations.or(config.flake8_annotations),
+            flake8_bugbear: self.flake8_bugbear.or(config.flake8_bugbear),
+            flake8_import_conventions: self
+                .flake8_import_conventions
+                .or(config.flake8_import_conventions),
+            flake8_quotes: self.flake8_quotes.or(config.flake8_quotes),
+            flake8_tidy_imports: self.flake8_tidy_imports.or(config.flake8_tidy_imports),
+            isort: self.isort.or(config.isort),
+            mccabe: self.mccabe.or(config.mccabe),
+            pep8_naming: self.pep8_naming.or(config.pep8_naming),
+            pyupgrade: self.pyupgrade.or(config.pyupgrade),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply(&mut self, overrides: Overrides) {
+        if let Some(dummy_variable_rgx) = overrides.dummy_variable_rgx {
+            self.dummy_variable_rgx = Some(dummy_variable_rgx);
+        }
+        if let Some(exclude) = overrides.exclude {
+            self.exclude = Some(exclude);
+        }
+        if let Some(extend_exclude) = overrides.extend_exclude {
+            self.extend_exclude = Some(extend_exclude);
+        }
+        if let Some(extend_ignore) = overrides.extend_ignore {
+            self.extend_ignore = Some(extend_ignore);
+        }
+        if let Some(extend_select) = overrides.extend_select {
+            self.extend_select = Some(extend_select);
+        }
+        if let Some(fix) = overrides.fix {
+            self.fix = Some(fix);
+        }
+        if let Some(fixable) = overrides.fixable {
+            self.fixable = Some(fixable);
+        }
+        if let Some(format) = overrides.format {
+            self.format = Some(format);
+        }
+        if let Some(ignore) = overrides.ignore {
+            self.ignore = Some(ignore);
+        }
+        if let Some(line_length) = overrides.line_length {
+            self.line_length = Some(line_length);
+        }
+        if let Some(max_complexity) = overrides.max_complexity {
+            self.mccabe = Some(mccabe::settings::Options {
+                max_complexity: Some(max_complexity),
+            });
+        }
+        if let Some(per_file_ignores) = overrides.per_file_ignores {
+            self.per_file_ignores = Some(collect_per_file_ignores(per_file_ignores));
+        }
+        if let Some(select) = overrides.select {
+            self.select = Some(select);
+        }
+        if let Some(show_source) = overrides.show_source {
+            self.show_source = Some(show_source);
+        }
+        if let Some(target_version) = overrides.target_version {
+            self.target_version = Some(target_version);
+        }
+        if let Some(unfixable) = overrides.unfixable {
+            self.unfixable = Some(unfixable);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Given a list of source paths, which could include glob patterns, resolve the
+/// matching paths.
+pub fn resolve_src(src: &[String], project_root: &Path) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
+    let globs = src
+        .iter()
+        .map(Path::new)
+        .map(|path| fs::normalize_path_to(path, project_root))
+        .map(|path| glob(&path.to_string_lossy()))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<Paths>, PatternError>>()?;
+    let paths: Vec<PathBuf> = globs
+        .into_iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<PathBuf>, GlobError>>()?;
+    Ok(paths)
 }

src/settings/mod.rs

@@ -8,17 +8,18 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use anyhow::Result;
 use globset::{Glob, GlobMatcher, GlobSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
 use regex::Regex;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
 use crate::checks::CheckCode;
-use crate::checks_gen::{CheckCodePrefix, SuffixLength};
+use crate::checks_gen::{CheckCodePrefix, SuffixLength, CATEGORIES};
 use crate::settings::configuration::Configuration;
 use crate::settings::types::{FilePattern, PerFileIgnore, PythonVersion, SerializationFormat};
 use crate::{
     flake8_annotations, flake8_bugbear, flake8_import_conventions, flake8_quotes,
-    flake8_tidy_imports, fs, isort, mccabe, pep8_naming, pyupgrade,
+    flake8_tidy_imports, isort, mccabe, pep8_naming, pyupgrade,
 };
 
 pub mod configuration;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ pub struct Settings {
     pub exclude: GlobSet,
     pub extend_exclude: GlobSet,
     pub external: FxHashSet<String>,
+    pub fix: bool,
     pub fixable: FxHashSet<CheckCode>,
     pub format: SerializationFormat,
     pub ignore_init_module_imports: bool,
@@ -55,46 +57,115 @@ pub struct Settings {
     pub pyupgrade: pyupgrade::settings::Settings,
 }
 
+static DEFAULT_EXCLUDE: Lazy<Vec<FilePattern>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    vec![
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".bzr"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".direnv"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".eggs"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".git"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".hg"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".mypy_cache"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".nox"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".pants.d"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".ruff_cache"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".svn"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".tox"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".venv"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("__pypackages__"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("_build"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("buck-out"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("build"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("dist"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("node_modules"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin("venv"),
+    ]
+});
+
+static DEFAULT_DUMMY_VARIABLE_RGX: Lazy<Regex> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new("^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$").unwrap());
+
 impl Settings {
-    pub fn from_configuration(
-        config: Configuration,
-        project_root: Option<&PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn from_configuration(config: Configuration, project_root: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
-            allowed_confusables: config.allowed_confusables,
-            dummy_variable_rgx: config.dummy_variable_rgx,
+            allowed_confusables: config
+                .allowed_confusables
+                .map(FxHashSet::from_iter)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            dummy_variable_rgx: config
+                .dummy_variable_rgx
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| DEFAULT_DUMMY_VARIABLE_RGX.clone()),
             enabled: resolve_codes(
                 &config
                     .select
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![CheckCodePrefix::E, CheckCodePrefix::F])
                     .into_iter()
-                    .chain(config.extend_select.into_iter())
+                    .chain(config.extend_select.unwrap_or_default().into_iter())
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                 &config
                     .ignore
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
                     .into_iter()
-                    .chain(config.extend_ignore.into_iter())
+                    .chain(config.extend_ignore.unwrap_or_default().into_iter())
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ),
-            exclude: resolve_globset(config.exclude, project_root)?,
-            extend_exclude: resolve_globset(config.extend_exclude, project_root)?,
-            external: FxHashSet::from_iter(config.external),
-            fixable: resolve_codes(&config.fixable, &config.unfixable),
-            format: config.format,
-            flake8_annotations: config.flake8_annotations,
-            flake8_bugbear: config.flake8_bugbear,
-            flake8_import_conventions: config.flake8_import_conventions,
-            flake8_quotes: config.flake8_quotes,
-            flake8_tidy_imports: config.flake8_tidy_imports,
-            ignore_init_module_imports: config.ignore_init_module_imports,
-            isort: config.isort,
-            mccabe: config.mccabe,
-            line_length: config.line_length,
-            pep8_naming: config.pep8_naming,
-            pyupgrade: config.pyupgrade,
-            per_file_ignores: resolve_per_file_ignores(config.per_file_ignores, project_root)?,
-            src: config.src,
-            target_version: config.target_version,
-            show_source: config.show_source,
+            exclude: resolve_globset(config.exclude.unwrap_or_else(|| DEFAULT_EXCLUDE.clone()))?,
+            extend_exclude: resolve_globset(config.extend_exclude.unwrap_or_default())?,
+            external: FxHashSet::from_iter(config.external.unwrap_or_default()),
+            fix: config.fix.unwrap_or(false),
+            fixable: resolve_codes(
+                &config.fixable.unwrap_or_else(|| CATEGORIES.to_vec()),
+                &config.unfixable.unwrap_or_default(),
+            ),
+            format: config.format.unwrap_or(SerializationFormat::Text),
+            ignore_init_module_imports: config.ignore_init_module_imports.unwrap_or_default(),
+            line_length: config.line_length.unwrap_or(88),
+            per_file_ignores: resolve_per_file_ignores(
+                config.per_file_ignores.unwrap_or_default(),
+            )?,
+            src: config
+                .src
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![project_root.to_path_buf()]),
+            target_version: config.target_version.unwrap_or(PythonVersion::Py310),
+            show_source: config.show_source.unwrap_or_default(),
+            // Plugins
+            flake8_annotations: config
+                .flake8_annotations
+                .map(flake8_annotations::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            flake8_bugbear: config
+                .flake8_bugbear
+                .map(flake8_bugbear::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            flake8_import_conventions: config
+                .flake8_import_conventions
+                .map(flake8_import_conventions::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            flake8_quotes: config
+                .flake8_quotes
+                .map(flake8_quotes::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            flake8_tidy_imports: config
+                .flake8_tidy_imports
+                .map(flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            isort: config
+                .isort
+                .map(isort::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            mccabe: config
+                .mccabe
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(mccabe::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            pep8_naming: config
+                .pep8_naming
+                .map(pep8_naming::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            pyupgrade: config
+                .pyupgrade
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(pyupgrade::settings::Settings::from_options)
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
         })
     }
 
@@ -106,6 +177,7 @@ impl Settings {
             exclude: GlobSet::empty(),
             extend_exclude: GlobSet::empty(),
             external: FxHashSet::default(),
+            fix: false,
             fixable: FxHashSet::from_iter([check_code]),
             format: SerializationFormat::Text,
             ignore_init_module_imports: false,
@@ -134,6 +206,7 @@ impl Settings {
             exclude: GlobSet::empty(),
             extend_exclude: GlobSet::empty(),
             external: FxHashSet::default(),
+            fix: false,
             fixable: FxHashSet::from_iter(check_codes),
             format: SerializationFormat::Text,
             ignore_init_module_imports: false,
@@ -196,13 +269,10 @@ impl Hash for Settings {
 }
 
 /// Given a list of patterns, create a `GlobSet`.
-pub fn resolve_globset(
-    patterns: Vec<FilePattern>,
-    project_root: Option<&PathBuf>,
-) -> Result<GlobSet> {
+pub fn resolve_globset(patterns: Vec<FilePattern>) -> Result<GlobSet> {
     let mut builder = globset::GlobSetBuilder::new();
     for pattern in patterns {
-        pattern.add_to(&mut builder, project_root)?;
+        pattern.add_to(&mut builder)?;
     }
     builder.build().map_err(std::convert::Into::into)
 }
@@ -210,21 +280,16 @@ pub fn resolve_globset(
 /// Given a list of patterns, create a `GlobSet`.
 pub fn resolve_per_file_ignores(
     per_file_ignores: Vec<PerFileIgnore>,
-    project_root: Option<&PathBuf>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<(GlobMatcher, GlobMatcher, FxHashSet<CheckCode>)>> {
     per_file_ignores
         .into_iter()
         .map(|per_file_ignore| {
             // Construct absolute path matcher.
-            let path = Path::new(&per_file_ignore.pattern);
-            let absolute_path = match project_root {
-                Some(project_root) => fs::normalize_path_to(path, project_root),
-                None => fs::normalize_path(path),
-            };
-            let absolute = Glob::new(&absolute_path.to_string_lossy())?.compile_matcher();
+            let absolute =
+                Glob::new(&per_file_ignore.absolute.to_string_lossy())?.compile_matcher();
 
             // Construct basename matcher.
-            let basename = Glob::new(&per_file_ignore.pattern)?.compile_matcher();
+            let basename = Glob::new(&per_file_ignore.basename)?.compile_matcher();
 
             Ok((absolute, basename, per_file_ignore.codes))
         })

src/settings/options.rs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct Options {
               (to exclude any Python files in `directory`). Note that these paths are relative to the
               project root (e.g., the directory containing your `pyproject.toml`).
 
-            Note that you'll typically want to use [`extend_exclude`](#extend_exclude) to modify
+            Note that you'll typically want to use [`extend-exclude`](#extend-exclude) to modify
             the excluded paths.
         "#,
         default = r#"[".bzr", ".direnv", ".eggs", ".git", ".hg", ".mypy_cache", ".nox", ".pants.d", ".ruff_cache", ".svn", ".tox", ".venv", "__pypackages__", "_build", "buck-out", "build", "dist", "node_modules", "venv"]"#,
@@ -65,6 +65,24 @@ pub struct Options {
         "#
     )]
     pub exclude: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    #[option(
+        doc = r#"
+            A path to a local `pyproject.toml` file to merge into this configuration.
+
+            To resolve the current `pyproject.toml` file, Ruff will first resolve this base
+            configuration file, then merge in any properties defined in the current configuration
+            file.
+        "#,
+        default = r#"None"#,
+        value_type = "Path",
+        example = r#"
+            # Extend the `pyproject.toml` file in the parent directory.
+            extend = "../pyproject.toml"
+            # But use a different line length.
+            line-length = 100
+        "#
+    )]
+    pub extend: Option<String>,
     #[option(
         doc = "A list of file patterns to omit from linting, in addition to those specified by \
                `exclude`.",
@@ -217,8 +235,28 @@ pub struct Options {
     )]
     pub show_source: Option<bool>,
     #[option(
-        doc = "The source code paths to consider, e.g., when resolving first- vs. third-party \
-               imports.",
+        doc = r#"
+            The source code paths to consider, e.g., when resolving first- vs. third-party imports.
+
+            As an example: given a Python package structure like:
+
+            ```text
+            my_package/
+              pyproject.toml
+              src/
+                my_package/
+                  __init__.py
+                  foo.py
+                  bar.py
+            ```
+
+            The `src` directory should be included in `source` (e.g., `source = ["src"]`), such that
+            when resolving imports, `my_package.foo` is considered a first-party import.
+
+            This field supports globs. For example, if you have a series of Python packages in
+            a `python_modules` directory, `src = ["python_modules/*"]` would expand to incorporate
+            all of the packages in that directory.
+            "#,
         default = r#"["."]"#,
         value_type = "Vec<PathBuf>",
         example = r#"

src/settings/pyproject.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use common_path::common_path_all;
-use log::debug;
-use path_absolutize::Absolutize;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::fs;
@@ -33,21 +30,21 @@ impl Pyproject {
 
 fn parse_pyproject_toml(path: &Path) -> Result<Pyproject> {
     let contents = fs::read_file(path)?;
-    Ok(toml::from_str(&contents)?)
+    toml::from_str(&contents).map_err(std::convert::Into::into)
 }
 
-pub fn find_pyproject_toml(path: Option<&PathBuf>) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    if let Some(path) = path {
-        let path_pyproject_toml = path.join("pyproject.toml");
-        if path_pyproject_toml.is_file() {
-            return Some(path_pyproject_toml);
+/// Find the nearest `pyproject.toml` file.
+pub fn find_pyproject_toml(path: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    for directory in path.ancestors() {
+        let pyproject = directory.join("pyproject.toml");
+        if pyproject.is_file() {
+            return Some(pyproject);
         }
     }
-
-    find_user_pyproject_toml()
+    None
 }
 
-fn find_user_pyproject_toml() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+pub fn find_user_pyproject_toml() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     let mut path = dirs::config_dir()?;
     path.push("ruff");
     path.push("pyproject.toml");
@@ -58,46 +55,17 @@ fn find_user_pyproject_toml() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn find_project_root(sources: &[PathBuf]) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    let absolute_sources: Vec<PathBuf> = sources
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|source| source.absolutize().map(|path| path.to_path_buf()))
-        .collect();
-    if let Some(prefix) = common_path_all(absolute_sources.iter().map(PathBuf::as_path)) {
-        for directory in prefix.ancestors() {
-            if directory.join(".git").is_dir() {
-                return Some(directory.to_path_buf());
-            }
-            if directory.join(".hg").is_dir() {
-                return Some(directory.to_path_buf());
-            }
-            if directory.join("pyproject.toml").is_file() {
-                return Some(directory.to_path_buf());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    None
-}
-
-pub fn load_options(pyproject: Option<&PathBuf>) -> Result<Options> {
-    if let Some(pyproject) = pyproject {
-        Ok(parse_pyproject_toml(pyproject)
-            .map_err(|err| anyhow!("Failed to parse `{}`: {}", pyproject.to_string_lossy(), err))?
-            .tool
-            .and_then(|tool| tool.ruff)
-            .unwrap_or_default())
-    } else {
-        debug!("No pyproject.toml found.");
-        debug!("Falling back to default configuration...");
-        Ok(Options::default())
-    }
+pub fn load_options(pyproject: &Path) -> Result<Options> {
+    Ok(parse_pyproject_toml(pyproject)
+        .map_err(|err| anyhow!("Failed to parse `{}`: {}", pyproject.to_string_lossy(), err))?
+        .tool
+        .and_then(|tool| tool.ruff)
+        .unwrap_or_default())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::env::current_dir;
-    use std::path::PathBuf;
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
     use anyhow::Result;
@@ -107,7 +75,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::flake8_quotes::settings::Quote;
     use crate::flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Strictness;
     use crate::settings::pyproject::{
-        find_project_root, find_pyproject_toml, parse_pyproject_toml, Options, Pyproject, Tools,
+        find_pyproject_toml, parse_pyproject_toml, Options, Pyproject, Tools,
     };
     use crate::settings::types::PatternPrefixPair;
     use crate::{
@@ -140,6 +108,7 @@ mod tests {
                     allowed_confusables: None,
                     dummy_variable_rgx: None,
                     exclude: None,
+                    extend: None,
                     extend_exclude: None,
                     extend_ignore: None,
                     extend_select: None,
@@ -183,6 +152,7 @@ line-length = 79
                     allowed_confusables: None,
                     dummy_variable_rgx: None,
                     exclude: None,
+                    extend: None,
                     extend_exclude: None,
                     extend_ignore: None,
                     extend_select: None,
@@ -226,6 +196,7 @@ exclude = ["foo.py"]
                     allowed_confusables: None,
                     line_length: None,
                     fix: None,
+                    extend: None,
                     exclude: Some(vec!["foo.py".to_string()]),
                     extend_exclude: None,
                     select: None,
@@ -269,6 +240,7 @@ select = ["E501"]
                     allowed_confusables: None,
                     dummy_variable_rgx: None,
                     exclude: None,
+                    extend: None,
                     extend_exclude: None,
                     extend_ignore: None,
                     extend_select: None,
@@ -313,6 +285,7 @@ ignore = ["E501"]
                     allowed_confusables: None,
                     dummy_variable_rgx: None,
                     exclude: None,
+                    extend: None,
                     extend_exclude: None,
                     extend_ignore: None,
                     extend_select: Some(vec![CheckCodePrefix::RUF100]),
@@ -376,14 +349,14 @@ other-attribute = 1
     #[test]
     fn find_and_parse_pyproject_toml() -> Result<()> {
         let cwd = current_dir()?;
-        let project_root =
-            find_project_root(&[PathBuf::from("resources/test/fixtures/__init__.py")]).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(project_root, cwd.join("resources/test/fixtures"));
+        let pyproject =
+            find_pyproject_toml(&cwd.join("resources/test/fixtures/__init__.py")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            pyproject,
+            cwd.join("resources/test/fixtures/pyproject.toml")
+        );
 
-        let path = find_pyproject_toml(Some(&project_root)).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(path, cwd.join("resources/test/fixtures/pyproject.toml"));
-
-        let pyproject = parse_pyproject_toml(&path)?;
+        let pyproject = parse_pyproject_toml(&pyproject)?;
         let config = pyproject.tool.and_then(|tool| tool.ruff).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             config,
@@ -392,6 +365,7 @@ other-attribute = 1
                 line_length: Some(88),
                 fix: None,
                 exclude: None,
+                extend: None,
                 extend_exclude: Some(vec![
                     "excluded_file.py".to_string(),
                     "migrations".to_string(),

src/settings/types.rs

@@ -49,27 +49,18 @@ impl FromStr for PythonVersion {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum FilePattern {
     Builtin(&'static str),
-    User(String),
+    User(String, PathBuf),
 }
 
 impl FilePattern {
-    pub fn add_to(
-        self,
-        builder: &mut GlobSetBuilder,
-        project_root: Option<&PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn add_to(self, builder: &mut GlobSetBuilder) -> Result<()> {
         match self {
             FilePattern::Builtin(pattern) => {
                 builder.add(Glob::from_str(pattern)?);
             }
-            FilePattern::User(pattern) => {
-                // Add absolute path.
-                let path = Path::new(&pattern);
-                let absolute_path = match project_root {
-                    Some(project_root) => fs::normalize_path_to(path, project_root),
-                    None => fs::normalize_path(path),
-                };
-                builder.add(Glob::new(&absolute_path.to_string_lossy())?);
+            FilePattern::User(pattern, absolute) => {
+                // Add the absolute path.
+                builder.add(Glob::new(&absolute.to_string_lossy())?);
 
                 // Add basename path.
                 if !pattern.contains(std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR) {
@@ -85,20 +76,27 @@ impl FromStr for FilePattern {
     type Err = anyhow::Error;
 
     fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        Ok(Self::User(s.into()))
+        let pattern = s.to_string();
+        let absolute = fs::normalize_path(Path::new(&pattern));
+        Ok(Self::User(pattern, absolute))
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct PerFileIgnore {
-    pub pattern: String,
+    pub basename: String,
+    pub absolute: PathBuf,
     pub codes: FxHashSet<CheckCode>,
 }
 
 impl PerFileIgnore {
-    pub fn new(pattern: String, prefixes: &[CheckCodePrefix]) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(basename: String, absolute: PathBuf, prefixes: &[CheckCodePrefix]) -> Self {
         let codes = prefixes.iter().flat_map(CheckCodePrefix::codes).collect();
-        Self { pattern, codes }
+        Self {
+            basename,
+            absolute,
+            codes,
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/source_code_locator.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ impl<'a> SourceCodeLocator<'a> {
         Cow::from(rope.slice(offset..))
     }
 
+    pub fn slice_source_code_until(&self, location: &Location) -> Cow<'_, str> {
+        let rope = self.get_or_init_rope();
+        let offset = rope.line_to_char(location.row() - 1) + location.column();
+        Cow::from(rope.slice(..offset))
+    }
+
     pub fn slice_source_code_range(&self, range: &Range) -> Cow<'_, str> {
         let rope = self.get_or_init_rope();
         let start = rope.line_to_char(range.location.row() - 1) + range.location.column();