Bump version to 0.0.227

Closes #2008.

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ jobs:
           cargo insta test --all --delete-unreferenced-snapshots
           git diff --exit-code
       - run: cargo test --package ruff_cli --test black_compatibility_test -- --ignored
+      # Check for broken links in the documentation.
+      # Setting RUSTDOCFLAGS because `cargo doc --check` isn't yet implemented (https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10025).
+      - run: RUSTDOCFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo doc --all --no-deps
 
 # TODO(charlie): Re-enable the `wasm-pack` tests.
 # See: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/issues/1425

.github/workflows/ruff.yaml

@@ -293,3 +293,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           pip install --upgrade twine
           twine upload --skip-existing *
+      - name: Update pre-commit mirror
+        run: |
+          curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.RUFF_PRE_COMMIT_PAT }}" -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" https://api.github.com/repos/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit/dispatches --data '{"event_type": "pypi_release"}'

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.221
+    rev: v0.0.227
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
 
@@ -8,3 +8,11 @@ repos:
     rev: v0.10.1
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
+
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: cargo-fmt
+        name: cargo fmt
+        entry: cargo fmt --
+        language: rust
+        types: [rust]

BREAKING_CHANGES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,36 @@
 # Breaking Changes
 
+## 0.0.226
+
+### `misplaced-comparison-constant` (`PLC2201`) was deprecated in favor of `SIM300` ([#1980](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1980))
+
+These two rules contain (nearly) identical logic. To deduplicate the rule set, we've upgraded
+`SIM300` to handle a few more cases, and deprecated `PLC2201` in favor of `SIM300`.
+
+## 0.0.225
+
+### `@functools.cache` rewrites have been moved to a standalone rule (`UP033`) ([#1938](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1938))
+
+Previously, `UP011` handled both `@functools.lru_cache()`-to-`@functools.lru_cache` conversions,
+_and_ `@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)`-to-`@functools.cache` conversions. The latter has been
+moved out to its own rule (`UP033`). As such, some `# noqa: UP011` comments may need to be updated
+to reflect the change in rule code.
+
+## 0.0.222
+
+### `--max-complexity` has been removed from the CLI ([#1877](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1877))
+
+The McCabe plugin's `--max-complexity` setting has been removed from the CLI, for consistency with
+the treatment of other, similar settings.
+
+To set the maximum complexity, use the `max-complexity` property in your `pyproject.toml` file,
+like so:
+
+```toml
+[tool.ruff.mccabe]
+max-complexity = 10
+```
+
 ## 0.0.181
 
 ### Files excluded by `.gitignore` are now ignored ([#1234](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1234))

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -54,18 +54,22 @@ prior to merging.
 
 ### Example: Adding a new lint rule
 
-There are four phases to adding a new lint rule:
+At a high level, the steps involved in adding a new lint rule are as follows:
 
-1. Define the violation struct in `src/violations.rs` (e.g., `ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile`).
-2. Map the violation struct to a rule code in `src/registry.rs` (e.g., `E402`).
-3. Define the logic for triggering the violation in `src/checkers/ast.rs` (for AST-based checks),
-   `src/checkers/tokens.rs` (for token-based checks), or `src/checkers/lines.rs` (for text-based checks).
-4. Add a test fixture.
-5. Update the generated files (documentation and generated code).
+1. Create a file for your rule (e.g., `src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/abstract_base_class.rs`).
+2. In that file, define a violation struct. You can grep for `define_violation!` to see examples.
+3. Map the violation struct to a rule code in `src/registry.rs` (e.g., `E402`).
+4. Define the logic for triggering the violation in `src/checkers/ast.rs` (for AST-based checks),
+   `src/checkers/tokens.rs` (for token-based checks), `src/checkers/lines.rs` (for text-based
+   checks), or `src/checkers/filesystem.rs` (for filesystem-based checks).
+5. Add a test fixture.
+6. Update the generated files (documentation and generated code).
 
-To define the violation, open up `src/violations.rs`, and define a new struct using the
-`define_violation!` macro. There are plenty of examples in that file, so feel free to pattern-match
-against the existing structs.
+To define the violation, start by creating a dedicated file for your rule under the appropriate
+rule origin (e.g., `src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/abstract_base_class.rs`). That file should
+contain a struct defined via `define_violation!`, along with a function that creates the violation
+based on any required inputs. (Many of the existing examples live in `src/violations.rs`, but we're
+looking to place new rules in their own files.)
 
 To trigger the violation, you'll likely want to augment the logic in `src/checkers/ast.rs`, which
 defines the Python AST visitor, responsible for iterating over the abstract syntax tree and

Cargo.lock

@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8-to-ruff"
-version = "0.0.221-dev.0"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap 4.0.32",
@@ -1364,6 +1364,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num_enum"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf5395665662ef45796a4ff5486c5d41d29e0c09640af4c5f17fd94ee2c119c9"
+dependencies = [
+ "num_enum_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num_enum_derive"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b0498641e53dd6ac1a4f22547548caa6864cc4933784319cd1775271c5a46ce"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
 version = "1.17.0"
@@ -1621,6 +1642,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "termtree",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro-crate"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eda0fc3b0fb7c975631757e14d9049da17374063edb6ebbcbc54d880d4fe94e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+ "thiserror",
+ "toml",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-error"
 version = "1.0.4"
@@ -1874,7 +1906,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bitflags",
@@ -1914,10 +1946,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde-wasm-bindgen",
  "shellexpand",
+ "smallvec",
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
  "test-case",
  "textwrap",
+ "thiserror",
  "titlecase",
  "toml_edit",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -1926,7 +1960,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_cli"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "annotate-snippets 0.9.1",
  "anyhow",
@@ -1963,7 +1997,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_dev"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap 4.0.32",
@@ -1984,7 +2018,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_macros"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -2027,8 +2061,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-ast"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f#d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "rustpython-common",
@@ -2037,8 +2071,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-common"
-version = "0.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f#d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
  "ascii",
  "bitflags",
@@ -2062,8 +2096,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-compiler-core"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f#d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "bitflags",
@@ -2072,15 +2106,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "lz4_flex",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-complex",
+ "num_enum",
  "serde",
- "static_assertions",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-parser"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f#d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "anyhow",
@@ -2518,6 +2552,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "toml"
+version = "0.5.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1333c76748e868a4d9d1017b5ab53171dfd095f70c712fdb4653a406547f598f"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_datetime"
 version = "0.5.0"

Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ default-members = [".", "ruff_cli"]
 
 [package]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 authors = ["Charlie Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.65.0"
@@ -46,20 +46,22 @@ once_cell = { version = "1.16.0" }
 path-absolutize = { version = "3.0.14", features = ["once_cell_cache", "use_unix_paths_on_wasm"] }
 regex = { version = "1.6.0" }
 ropey = { version = "1.5.0", features = ["cr_lines", "simd"], default-features = false }
-ruff_macros = { version = "0.0.221", path = "ruff_macros" }
+ruff_macros = { version = "0.0.227", path = "ruff_macros" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "1.1.0" }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
 schemars = { version = "0.8.11" }
 semver = { version = "1.0.16" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.147", features = ["derive"] }
 shellexpand = { version = "3.0.0" }
+smallvec = { version = "1.10.0" }
 strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }
 strum_macros = { version = "0.24.3" }
 textwrap = { version = "0.16.0" }
 titlecase = { version = "2.2.1" }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.17.1", features = ["easy"] }
+thiserror = { version = "1.0" }
 
 # https://docs.rs/getrandom/0.2.7/getrandom/#webassembly-support
 # For (future) wasm-pack support

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use std::fs;
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+fn main() {
+    let out_dir = PathBuf::from(std::env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+    generate_origin_name_and_url(&out_dir);
+}
+
+const RULES_SUBMODULE_DOC_PREFIX: &str = "//! Rules from ";
+
+/// The `src/rules/*/mod.rs` files are expected to have a first line such as the
+/// following:
+///
+///     //! Rules from [Pyflakes](https://pypi.org/project/pyflakes/2.5.0/).
+///
+/// This function extracts the link label and url from these comments and
+/// generates the `name` and `url` functions for the `RuleOrigin` enum
+/// accordingly, so that they can be used by `ruff_dev::generate_rules_table`.
+fn generate_origin_name_and_url(out_dir: &Path) {
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/rules/");
+
+    let mut name_match_arms: String = r#"RuleOrigin::Ruff => "Ruff-specific rules","#.into();
+    let mut url_match_arms: String = r#"RuleOrigin::Ruff => None,"#.into();
+
+    for file in fs::read_dir("src/rules/")
+        .unwrap()
+        .flatten()
+        .filter(|f| f.file_type().unwrap().is_dir() && f.file_name() != "ruff")
+    {
+        let mod_rs_path = file.path().join("mod.rs");
+        let mod_rs_path = mod_rs_path.to_str().unwrap();
+        let first_line = BufReader::new(fs::File::open(mod_rs_path).unwrap())
+            .lines()
+            .next()
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let Some(comment) = first_line.strip_prefix(RULES_SUBMODULE_DOC_PREFIX) else {
+                panic!("expected first line in {mod_rs_path} to start with `{RULES_SUBMODULE_DOC_PREFIX}`")
+            };
+        let md_link = comment.trim_end_matches('.');
+
+        let (name, url) = md_link
+            .strip_prefix('[')
+            .unwrap()
+            .strip_suffix(')')
+            .unwrap()
+            .split_once("](")
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let dirname = file.file_name();
+        let dirname = dirname.to_str().unwrap();
+
+        let variant_name = dirname
+            .split('_')
+            .map(|part| match part {
+                "errmsg" => "ErrMsg".to_string(),
+                "mccabe" => "McCabe".to_string(),
+                "pep8" => "PEP8".to_string(),
+                _ => format!("{}{}", part[..1].to_uppercase(), &part[1..]),
+            })
+            .collect::<String>();
+
+        name_match_arms.push_str(&format!(r#"RuleOrigin::{variant_name} => "{name}","#));
+        url_match_arms.push_str(&format!(r#"RuleOrigin::{variant_name} => Some("{url}"),"#));
+    }
+
+    write!(
+        BufWriter::new(fs::File::create(out_dir.join("origin.rs")).unwrap()),
+        "
+        impl RuleOrigin {{
+            pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {{
+                match self {{ {name_match_arms} }}
+            }}
+
+            pub fn url(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {{
+                match self {{ {url_match_arms} }}
+            }}
+        }}
+        "
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}

flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.lock

@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8_to_ruff"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -1975,7 +1975,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bincode",

flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "flake8-to-ruff"
-version = "0.0.221-dev.0"
+version = "0.0.227"
 edition = "2021"
 
-[lib]
-name = "flake8_to_ruff"
-doctest = false
-
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = { version = "1.0.66" }
 clap = { version = "4.0.1", features = ["derive"] }

flake8_to_ruff/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(
-    clippy::collapsible_else_if,
-    clippy::collapsible_if,
-    clippy::implicit_hasher,
-    clippy::match_same_arms,
-    clippy::missing_errors_doc,
-    clippy::missing_panics_doc,
-    clippy::module_name_repetitions,
-    clippy::must_use_candidate,
-    clippy::similar_names,
-    clippy::too_many_lines
-)]
-#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
-
-pub mod black;
-pub mod converter;
-mod parser;
-pub mod plugin;

flake8_to_ruff/src/main.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Utility to generate Ruff's pyproject.toml section from a Flake8 INI file.
+//! Utility to generate Ruff's `pyproject.toml` section from a Flake8 INI file.
 #![allow(
     clippy::collapsible_else_if,
     clippy::collapsible_if,
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::Parser;
 use configparser::ini::Ini;
-use flake8_to_ruff::black::parse_black_options;
-use flake8_to_ruff::converter;
-use flake8_to_ruff::plugin::Plugin;
+use ruff::flake8_to_ruff;
 
 #[derive(Parser)]
 #[command(
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ struct Cli {
     pyproject: Option<PathBuf>,
     /// List of plugins to enable.
     #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
-    plugin: Option<Vec<Plugin>>,
+    plugin: Option<Vec<flake8_to_ruff::Plugin>>,
 }
 
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
@@ -52,12 +50,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // Read the pyproject.toml file.
     let black = cli
         .pyproject
-        .map(parse_black_options)
+        .map(flake8_to_ruff::parse_black_options)
         .transpose()?
         .flatten();
 
     // Create Ruff's pyproject.toml section.
-    let pyproject = converter::convert(&config, black.as_ref(), cli.plugin)?;
+    let pyproject = flake8_to_ruff::convert(&config, black.as_ref(), cli.plugin)?;
     println!("{}", toml_edit::easy::to_string_pretty(&pyproject)?);
 
     Ok(())

licenses/LICENSE_PyCQA_flake8-commas

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 Thomas Grainger.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+Portions of this flake8-commas Software may utilize the following
+copyrighted material, the use of which is hereby acknowledged.
+
+Original flake8-commas: https://github.com/trevorcreech/flake8-commas/commit/e8563b71b1d5442e102c8734c11cb5202284293d
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

licenses/LICENSE_adamchainz_flake8-no-pep420

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Adam Johnson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ build-backend = "maturin"
 
 [project]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 description = "An extremely fast Python linter, written in Rust."
 authors = [
   { name = "Charlie Marsh", email = "charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com" },
@@ -41,9 +41,3 @@ bindings = "bin"
 manifest-path = "ruff_cli/Cargo.toml"
 python-source = "python"
 strip = true
-
-[tool.setuptools]
-license-files = [
-  "LICENSE",
-  "licenses/*",
-]

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_commas/COM81.py

@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+# ==> bad_function_call.py <==
+bad_function_call(
+    param1='test',
+    param2='test'
+)
+# ==> bad_list.py <==
+bad_list = [
+    1,
+    2,
+    3
+]
+
+bad_list_with_comment = [
+    1,
+    2,
+    3
+    # still needs a comma!
+]
+
+bad_list_with_extra_empty = [
+    1,
+    2,
+    3
+
+
+
+]
+
+# ==> bare.py <==
+bar = 1, 2
+
+foo = 1
+
+foo = (1,)
+
+foo = 1,
+
+bar = 1; foo = bar,
+
+foo = (
+3,
+4,
+)
+
+foo = 3, 
+
+class A(object):
+ foo = 3
+ bar = 10,
+ foo_bar = 2
+
+a = ('a',)
+
+from foo import bar, baz
+
+group_by = function_call('arg'),
+
+group_by = ('foobar' * 3),
+
+def foo():
+    return False,
+
+==> callable_before_parenth_form.py <==
+def foo(
+    bar,
+):
+    pass
+
+{'foo': foo}['foo'](
+    bar
+)
+
+{'foo': foo}['foo'](
+    bar,
+)
+
+(foo)(
+    bar
+)
+
+(foo)[0](
+    bar,
+)
+
+[foo][0](
+    bar
+)
+
+[foo][0](
+    bar,
+)
+
+# ==> comment_good_dict.py <==
+multiline_good_dict = {
+    "good": 123,  # this is a good number
+}
+
+# ==> dict_comprehension.py <==
+not_a_dict = {
+    x: y
+    for x, y in ((1, 2), (3, 4))
+}
+
+# ==> good_empty_comma_context.py <==
+def func2(
+):
+    pass
+
+
+func2(
+
+)
+
+func2(
+)
+
+[
+]
+
+[
+
+]
+
+(
+)
+
+(
+
+)
+
+{
+
+}
+
+# ==> good_list.py <==
+stuff = [
+   'a',
+   'b',
+   # more stuff will go here
+]
+
+more_stuff = [
+    'a',
+    'b',
+
+
+
+]
+
+# ==> keyword_before_parenth_form/base_bad.py <==
+from x import (
+    y
+)
+
+assert(
+    SyntaxWarning,
+    ThrownHere,
+    Anyway
+)
+
+# async await is fine outside an async def
+# ruff: RustPython tokenizer treats async/await as keywords, not applicable.
+
+# def await(
+#     foo
+# ):
+#     async(
+#         foo
+#     )
+
+# def async(
+#     foo
+# ):
+#     await(
+#         foo
+#     )
+
+# ==> keyword_before_parenth_form/base.py <==
+from x import (
+    y,
+)
+
+assert(
+    SyntaxWarning,
+    ThrownHere,
+    Anyway,
+)
+
+assert (
+    foo
+)
+
+assert (
+    foo and
+    bar
+)
+
+if(
+    foo and
+    bar
+):
+    pass
+elif(
+    foo and
+    bar
+):
+    pass
+
+for x in(
+    [1,2,3]
+):
+    print(x)
+
+
+(x for x in (
+    [1, 2, 3]
+))
+
+(
+    'foo'
+) is (
+    'foo'
+)
+
+if (
+    foo and
+    bar
+) or not (
+    foo
+) or (
+    spam
+):
+    pass
+
+def xyz():
+    raise(
+        Exception()
+    )
+
+def abc():
+    return(
+        3
+    )
+
+while(
+    False
+):
+    pass
+
+with(
+    loop
+):
+    pass
+
+def foo():
+    yield (
+        "foo"
+    )
+
+# async await is fine outside an async def
+# ruff: RustPython tokenizer treats async/await as keywords, not applicable.
+
+# def await(
+#     foo,
+# ):
+#     async(
+#         foo,
+#     )
+
+# def async(
+#     foo,
+# ):
+#     await(
+#         foo,
+#     )
+
+# ==> keyword_before_parenth_form/py3.py <==
+# Syntax error in Py2
+
+def foo():
+    yield from (
+        foo
+    )
+
+# ==> list_comprehension.py <==
+not_a_list = [
+    s.strip()
+    for s in 'foo, bar, baz'.split(',')
+]
+
+# ==> multiline_bad_dict.py <==
+multiline_bad_dict = {
+    "bad": 123
+}
+# ==> multiline_bad_function_def.py <==
+def func_good(
+        a = 3,
+        b = 2):
+    pass
+
+
+def func_bad(
+        a = 3,
+        b = 2
+    ):
+    pass
+
+# ==> multiline_bad_function_one_param.py <==
+def func(
+        a = 3
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+func(
+    a = 3
+)
+
+# ==> multiline_bad_or_dict.py <==
+multiline_bad_or_dict = {
+    "good": True or False,
+    "bad": 123
+}
+
+# ==> multiline_good_dict.py <==
+multiline_good_dict = {
+    "good": 123,
+}
+# ==> multiline_good_single_keyed_for_dict.py <==
+good_dict = {
+    "good": x for x in y
+}
+
+# ==> multiline_if.py <==
+if (
+    foo
+    and bar
+):
+    print("Baz")
+
+# ==> multiline_index_access.py <==
+multiline_index_access[
+    "good"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access_after_function()[
+    "good"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access_after_inline_index_access['first'][
+    "good"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "probably fine",
+]
+
+[0, 1, 2][
+    "good"
+]
+
+[0, 1, 2][
+    "probably fine",
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "probably fine",
+    "not good"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "fine",
+    "fine",
+    :
+    "not good"
+]
+
+# ==> multiline_string.py <==
+s = (
+    'this' +
+    'is a string'
+)
+
+s2 = (
+    'this'
+    'is a also a string'
+)
+
+t = (
+    'this' +
+    'is a tuple',
+)
+
+t2 = (
+    'this'
+    'is also a tuple',
+)
+
+# ==> multiline_subscript_slice.py <==
+multiline_index_access[
+    "fine",
+    "fine"
+    :
+    "not fine"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "fine"
+    "fine"
+    :
+    "fine"
+    :
+    "fine"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "fine"
+    "fine",
+    :
+    "fine",
+    :
+    "fine",
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "fine"
+    "fine",
+    :
+    "fine"
+    :
+    "fine",
+    "not fine"
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    "fine"
+    "fine",
+    :
+    "fine",
+    "fine"
+    :
+    "fine",
+]
+
+multiline_index_access[
+    lambda fine,
+    fine,
+    fine: (0,)
+    :
+    lambda fine,
+    fine,
+    fine: (0,),
+    "fine"
+    :
+    "fine",
+]
+
+# ==> one_line_dict.py <==
+one_line_dict = {"good": 123}
+# ==> parenth_form.py <==
+parenth_form = (
+    a +
+    b +
+    c
+)
+
+parenth_form_with_lambda = (
+    lambda x, y: 0
+)
+
+parenth_form_with_default_lambda = (
+    lambda x=(
+        lambda
+        x,
+        y,
+        :
+        0
+    ),
+    y = {a: b},
+    :
+    0
+)
+
+# ==> prohibited.py <==
+foo = ['a', 'b', 'c',]
+
+bar = { a: b,}
+
+def bah(ham, spam,):
+    pass
+
+(0,)
+
+(0, 1,)
+
+foo = ['a', 'b', 'c', ]
+
+bar = { a: b, }
+
+def bah(ham, spam, ):
+    pass
+
+(0, )
+
+(0, 1, )
+
+image[:, :, 0]
+
+image[:,]
+
+image[:,:,]
+
+lambda x, :
+
+# ==> unpack.py <==
+def function(
+    foo,
+    bar,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    pass
+
+def function(
+    foo,
+    bar,
+    *args
+):
+    pass
+
+def function(
+    foo,
+    bar,
+    *args,
+    extra_kwarg
+    ):
+    pass
+
+result = function(
+    foo,
+    bar,
+    **kwargs
+)
+
+result = function(
+    foo,
+    bar,
+    **not_called_kwargs
+)
+
+def foo(
+    ham,
+    spam,
+    *args,
+    kwarg_only
+    ):
+    pass
+
+# In python 3.5 if it's not a function def, commas are mandatory.
+
+foo(
+    **kwargs
+)
+
+{
+    **kwargs
+}
+
+(
+    *args
+)
+
+{
+    *args
+}
+
+[
+    *args
+]
+
+def foo(
+    ham,
+    spam,
+    *args
+    ):
+    pass
+
+def foo(
+    ham,
+    spam,
+    **kwargs
+    ):
+    pass
+
+def foo(
+    ham,
+    spam,
+    *args,
+    kwarg_only
+    ):
+    pass
+
+# In python 3.5 if it's not a function def, commas are mandatory.
+
+foo(
+    **kwargs,
+)
+
+{
+    **kwargs,
+}
+
+(
+    *args,
+)
+
+{
+    *args,
+}
+
+[
+    *args,
+]
+
+result = function(
+    foo,
+    bar,
+    **{'ham': spam}
+)

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_nonempty/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print('hi')

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_shebang/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/env/python
+print('hi')

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_ignored/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import os  # noqa: INP001

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pie/PIE796.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import enum
+from enum import Enum, unique
+
+
+class FakeEnum1(enum.Enum):
+    A = "A"
+    B = "B"
+    C = "B"  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum2(Enum):
+    A = 1
+    B = 2
+    C = 2  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum3(str, Enum):
+    A = "1"
+    B = "2"
+    C = "2"  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum4(Enum):
+    A = 1.0
+    B = 2.5
+    C = 2.5  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum5(Enum):
+    A = 1.0
+    B = True
+    C = False
+    D = False  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum6(Enum):
+    A = 1
+    B = 2
+    C = None
+    D = None  # PIE796
+
+
+@enum.unique
+class FakeEnum7(enum.Enum):
+    A = "A"
+    B = "B"
+    C = "C"
+
+
+@unique
+class FakeEnum8(Enum):
+    A = 1
+    B = 2
+    C = 2  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum9(enum.Enum):
+    A = "A"
+    B = "B"
+    C = "C"
+
+
+class FakeEnum10(enum.Enum):
+    A = enum.auto()
+    B = enum.auto()
+    C = enum.auto()

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pytest_style/PT007.py

@@ -53,3 +53,25 @@ def test_list_of_tuples(param1, param2):
 )
 def test_list_of_lists(param1, param2):
     ...
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "param1,param2",
+    [
+        [1, 2],
+        [3, 4],
+    ],
+)
+def test_csv_name_list_of_lists(param1, param2):
+    ...
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "param",
+    [
+        [1, 2],
+        [3, 4],
+    ],
+)
+def test_single_list_of_lists(param):
+    ...

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM102.py

@@ -1,25 +1,88 @@
-if a:  # SIM102
+# SIM102
+if a:
     if b:
         c
 
-
+# SIM102
 if a:
     pass
-elif b:  # SIM102
+elif b:
     if c:
         d
 
+# SIM102
+if a:
+    # Unfixable due to placement of this comment.
+    if b:
+        c
+
+# SIM102
+if a:
+    if b:
+        # Fixable due to placement of this comment.
+        c
+
+# OK
 if a:
     if b:
         c
     else:
         d
 
+# OK
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if foo():
         ...
 
+# OK
 if a:
     d
     if b:
         c
+
+while True:
+    # SIM102
+    if True:
+        if True:
+            """this
+is valid"""
+
+            """the indentation on
+            this line is significant"""
+
+            "this is" \
+"allowed too"
+
+            ("so is"
+"this for some reason")
+
+
+# SIM102
+if True:
+    if True:
+        """this
+is valid"""
+
+        """the indentation on
+        this line is significant"""
+
+        "this is" \
+"allowed too"
+
+        ("so is"
+"this for some reason")
+
+while True:
+    # SIM102
+    if node.module:
+        if node.module == "multiprocessing" or node.module.startswith(
+            "multiprocessing."
+        ):
+            print("Bad module!")
+
+# SIM102
+if node.module:
+    if node.module == "multiprocessing" or node.module.startswith(
+        "multiprocessing."
+    ):
+        print("Bad module!")

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM103.py

@@ -1,12 +1,35 @@
 def f():
-    if a:  # SIM103
+    # SIM103
+    if a:
         return True
     else:
         return False
 
 
 def f():
-    if a:  # OK
+    # SIM103
+    if a:
+        return 1
+    elif b:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def f():
+    # SIM103
+    if a:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        if b:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+def f():
+    # OK
+    if a:
         foo()
         return True
     else:
@@ -14,7 +37,8 @@ def f():
 
 
 def f():
-    if a:  # OK
+    # OK
+    if a:
         return "foo"
     else:
         return False

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM105.py

@@ -41,3 +41,21 @@ except ValueError:
     pass
 finally:
     print('bar')
+
+try:
+    foo()
+    foo()
+except ValueError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    for i in range(3):
+        foo()
+except ValueError:
+    pass
+
+def bar():
+    try:
+        return foo()
+    except ValueError:
+        pass

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM109.py

@@ -1,7 +1,31 @@
-# Bad
+# SIM109
 if a == b or a == c:
     d
 
-# Good
+# SIM109
+if (a == b or a == c) and None:
+    d
+
+# SIM109
+if a == b or a == c or None:
+    d
+
+# SIM109
+if a == b or None or a == c:
+    d
+
+# OK
 if a in (b, c):
-    d
+    d
+
+# OK
+if a == b or a == c():
+    d
+
+# OK
+if (
+    a == b
+    # This comment prevents us from raising SIM109
+    or a == c
+):
+    d

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM115.py

@@ -1,6 +1,36 @@
-f = open('foo.txt')  # SIM115
+import contextlib
+
+# SIM115
+f = open("foo.txt")
 data = f.read()
 f.close()
 
-with open('foo.txt') as f:  # OK
+# OK
+with open("foo.txt") as f:
     data = f.read()
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+    f = exit_stack.enter_context(open("filename"))
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+    files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]
+    close_files = stack.pop_all().close
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.AsyncExitStack() as exit_stack:
+    f = await exit_stack.enter_async_context(open("filename"))
+
+# OK (false negative)
+with contextlib.ExitStack():
+    f = exit_stack.enter_context(open("filename"))
+
+# SIM115
+with contextlib.ExitStack():
+    f = open("filename")
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+    exit_stack_ = exit_stack
+    f = exit_stack_.enter_context(open("filename"))

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM117.py

@@ -1,13 +1,92 @@
-with A() as a:  # SIM117
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
     with B() as b:
         print("hello")
 
+# SIM117
+with A():
+    with B():
+        with C():
+            print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
+    # Unfixable due to placement of this comment.
+    with B() as b:
+        print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
+    with B() as b:
+        # Fixable due to placement of this comment.
+        print("hello")
+
+# OK
 with A() as a:
     a()
     with B() as b:
         print("hello")
 
+# OK
 with A() as a:
     with B() as b:
         print("hello")
     a()
+
+# OK
+async with A() as a:
+    with B() as b:
+        print("hello")
+
+# OK
+with A() as a:
+    async with B() as b:
+        print("hello")
+
+# OK
+async with A() as a:
+    async with B() as b:
+        print("hello")
+
+while True:
+    # SIM117
+    with A() as a:
+        with B() as b:
+            """this
+is valid"""
+
+            """the indentation on
+            this line is significant"""
+
+            "this is" \
+"allowed too"
+
+            ("so is"
+"this for some reason")
+
+# SIM117
+with (
+    A() as a,
+    B() as b,
+):
+    with C() as c:
+        print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
+    with (
+        B() as b,
+        C() as c,
+    ):
+        print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with (
+    A() as a,
+    B() as b,
+):
+    with (
+        C() as c,
+        D() as d,
+    ):
+        print("hello")

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM201.py

@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
-if not a == b:  # SIM201
+# SIM201
+if not a == b:
     pass
 
-if not a == (b + c):  # SIM201
+# SIM201
+if not a == (b + c):
     pass
 
-if not (a + b) == c:  # SIM201
+# SIM201
+if not (a + b) == c:
     pass
 
-if not a != b:  # OK
+# OK
+if not a != b:
     pass
 
-if a == b:  # OK
+# OK
+if a == b:
     pass
 
-if not a == b:  # OK
+# OK
+if not a == b:
     raise ValueError()
+
+# OK
+def __ne__(self, other):
+    return not self == other

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM202.py

@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
-if not a != b:  # SIM202
+# SIM202
+if not a != b:
     pass
 
-if not a != (b + c):  # SIM202
+# SIM202
+if not a != (b + c):
     pass
 
-if not (a + b) != c:  # SIM202
+# SIM202
+if not (a + b) != c:
     pass
 
-if not a == b:  # OK
+# OK
+if not a == b:
     pass
 
-if a != b:  # OK
+# OK
+if a != b:
     pass
+
+# OK
+if not a != b:
+    raise ValueError()
+
+# OK
+def __eq__(self, other):
+    return not self != other

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM222.py

@@ -7,8 +7,12 @@ if (a or b) or True:  # SIM223
 if a or (b or True):  # SIM223
     pass
 
-if a and True:
+if a and True:  # OK
     pass
 
-if True:
+if True:  # OK
     pass
+
+
+def validate(self, value):
+    return json.loads(value) or True  # OK

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM300.py

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 "yoda" == compare  # SIM300
 'yoda' == compare  # SIM300
 42 == age  # SIM300
+"yoda" <= compare  # SIM300
+'yoda' < compare  # SIM300
+42 > age  # SIM300
 
 # OK
 compare == "yoda"

resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM401.py

@@ -85,3 +85,26 @@ if key in a_dict:
     var = a_dict[key]
 else:
     var = foo()
+
+# OK (complex default value)
+if key in a_dict:
+    var = a_dict[key]
+else:
+    var = a_dict["fallback"]
+
+# OK (false negative for elif)
+if foo():
+    pass
+elif key in a_dict:
+    vars[idx] = a_dict[key]
+else:
+    vars[idx] = "default"
+
+# OK (false negative for nested else)
+if foo():
+    pass
+else:
+    if key in a_dict:
+        vars[idx] = a_dict[key]
+    else:
+        vars[idx] = "default"

resources/test/fixtures/isort/no_lines_before.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from requests import Session
+
+from my_first_party import my_first_party_object
+
+from . import my_local_folder_object

resources/test/fixtures/isort/order_by_type_with_custom_constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from sklearn.svm import XYZ, func, variable, Const, Klass, constant
+from subprocess import First, var, func, Class, konst, A_constant, Last, STDOUT

resources/test/fixtures/isort/order_by_type_with_custom_variables.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from sklearn.svm import VAR, Class, MyVar, CONST, abc
+from subprocess import utils, var_ABC, Variable, Klass, CONSTANT, exe

resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/D.py

@@ -579,3 +579,30 @@ def multiline_trailing_and_leading_space():
         "or exclamation point (not '\"')")
 def endswith_quote():
     """Whitespace at the end, but also a quote" """
+
+
+@expect('D209: Multi-line docstring closing quotes should be on a separate '
+        'line')
+@expect('D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line')
+def asdfljdjgf24():
+    """Summary.
+
+    Description.  """
+
+
+@expect('D200: One-line docstring should fit on one line with quotes '
+        '(found 3)')
+@expect('D212: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line')
+def one_liner():
+    """
+
+    Wrong."""
+
+
+@expect('D200: One-line docstring should fit on one line with quotes '
+        '(found 3)')
+@expect('D212: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line')
+def one_liner():
+    r"""Wrong.
+
+    """

resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/setter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+class PropertyWithSetter:
+    @property
+    def foo(self) -> str:
+        """Docstring for foo."""
+        return "foo"
+
+    @foo.setter
+    def foo(self, value: str) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @foo.deleter
+    def foo(self):
+        pass
+
+    @foo
+    def foo(self, value: str) -> None:
+        pass

resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F841_3.py

@@ -44,3 +44,25 @@ def f():
         1 / 0
     except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as x2:
         pass
+
+
+def f(a, b):
+    x = (
+        a()
+        if a is not None
+        else b
+    )
+
+    y = \
+        a() if a is not None else b
+
+
+def f(a, b):
+    x = (
+        a
+        if a is not None
+        else b
+    )
+
+    y = \
+        a if a is not None else b

resources/test/fixtures/pylint/magic_value_comparison.py

@@ -1,71 +1,69 @@
-"""Check that magic values are not used in comparisons"""
-import cmath
+"""Check that magic values are not used in comparisons."""
 
 user_input = 10
 
-if 10 > user_input: # [magic-value-comparison]
+if 10 > user_input:  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
-if 10 == 100: # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
+if 10 == 100:  # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
     pass
 
-if 1 == 3: # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
+if 1 == 3:  # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
     pass
 
 x = 0
-if 4 == 3 == x: # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
+if 4 == 3 == x:  # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
     pass
 
 time_delta = 7224
 ONE_HOUR = 3600
 
-if time_delta > ONE_HOUR: # correct
+if time_delta > ONE_HOUR:  # correct
     pass
 
 argc = 1
 
-if argc != -1: # correct
+if argc != -1:  # correct
     pass
 
-if argc != 0: # correct
+if argc != 0:  # correct
     pass
 
-if argc != 1: # correct
+if argc != 1:  # correct
     pass
 
-if argc != 2: # [magic-value-comparison]
+if argc != 2:  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
-if __name__ == "__main__": # correct
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # correct
     pass
 
 ADMIN_PASSWORD = "SUPERSECRET"
 input_password = "password"
 
-if input_password == "": # correct
+if input_password == "":  # correct
     pass
 
-if input_password == ADMIN_PASSWORD: # correct
+if input_password == ADMIN_PASSWORD:  # correct
     pass
 
-if input_password == "Hunter2": # [magic-value-comparison]
+if input_password == "Hunter2":  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
 PI = 3.141592653589793238
 pi_estimation = 3.14
 
-if pi_estimation == 3.141592653589793238: # [magic-value-comparison]
+if pi_estimation == 3.141592653589793238:  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
-if pi_estimation == PI: # correct
+if pi_estimation == PI:  # correct
     pass
 
 HELLO_WORLD = b"Hello, World!"
 user_input = b"Hello, There!"
 
-if user_input == b"something": # [magic-value-comparison]
+if user_input == b"something":  # [magic-value-comparison]
     pass
 
-if user_input == HELLO_WORLD: # correct
+if user_input == HELLO_WORLD:  # correct
     pass
-

resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP003.py

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
-type('')
-type(b'')
+type("")
+type(b"")
 type(0)
-type(0.)
+type(0.0)
 type(0j)
+
+# OK
+y = x.dtype.type(0.0)
+
+# OK
+type = lambda *args, **kwargs: None
+type("")

resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import functools
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@other_decorator
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+@other_decorator
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def user_func():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func, maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def lru_cache(maxsize=None):
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011_0.py

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-from functools import lru_cache
-
-
-@lru_cache()
-def fixme1():
-    pass
-
-
-@other_deco_after
-@functools.lru_cache()
-def fixme2():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def fixme3():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-@other_deco_before
-def fixme4():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache( # A 
-) # B
-def fixme5():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(
-    # A
-)   # B
-def fixme6():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A
-    maxsize = None) # B
-def fixme7():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A1
-    maxsize = None
-    # A2
-) # B
-def fixme8():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A1
-    maxsize = 
-    None
-    # A2
-
-)
-def fixme9():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A1
-    maxsize = 
-    None
-    # A2
-)
-def fixme10():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache
-def correct1():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache
-def correct2():
-    pass
-
-
-@functoools.lru_cache(maxsize=64)
-def correct3():
-    pass
-
-
-def user_func():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(user_func)
-def correct4():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(user_func, maxsize=None)
-def correct5():
-    pass

resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011_1.py

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-
-
-def lru_cache(maxsize=None):
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache()
-def dont_fixme():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def dont_fixme():
-    pass

resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP032.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+###
+# Errors
+###
+
+"{} {}".format(a, b)
+
+"{1} {0}".format(a, b)
+
+"{x.y}".format(x=z)
+
+"{.x} {.y}".format(a, b)
+
+"{} {}".format(a.b, c.d)
+
+"{}".format(a())
+
+"{}".format(a.b())
+
+"{}".format(a.b().c())
+
+"hello {}!".format(name)
+
+"{}{b}{}".format(a, c, b=b)
+
+"{}".format(0x0)
+
+"{} {}".format(a, b)
+
+"""{} {}""".format(a, b)
+
+"foo{}".format(1)
+
+r"foo{}".format(1)
+
+x = "{a}".format(a=1)
+
+print("foo {} ".format(x))
+
+"{a[b]}".format(a=a)
+
+"{a.a[b]}".format(a=a)
+
+"{}{{}}{}".format(escaped, y)
+
+"{}".format(a)
+
+###
+# Non-errors
+###
+
+# False-negative: RustPython doesn't parse the `\N{snowman}`.
+"\N{snowman} {}".format(a)
+
+"{".format(a)
+
+"}".format(a)
+
+"{} {}".format(*a)
+
+"{0} {0}".format(arg)
+
+"{x} {x}".format(arg)
+
+"{x.y} {x.z}".format(arg)
+
+b"{} {}".format(a, b)
+
+"{:{}}".format(x, y)
+
+"{}{}".format(a)
+
+"" "{}".format(a["\\"])
+
+"{}".format(a["b"])
+
+r'"\N{snowman} {}".format(a)'
+
+"{a}" "{b}".format(a=1, b=1)
+
+
+async def c():
+    return "{}".format(await 3)
+
+
+async def c():
+    return "{}".format(1 + await 3)

resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP033.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import functools
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@other_decorator
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@other_decorator
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def user_func():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func, maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def lru_cache(maxsize=None):
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF005.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Fun:
+    words = ("how", "fun!")
+
+    def yay(self):
+        return self.words
+
+yay = Fun().yay
+
+foo = [4, 5, 6]
+bar = [1, 2, 3] + foo
+zoob = tuple(bar)
+quux = (7, 8, 9) + zoob
+spam = quux + (10, 11, 12)
+spom = list(spam)
+eggs = spom + [13, 14, 15]
+elatement = ("we all say", ) + yay()
+excitement = ("we all think", ) + Fun().yay()
+astonishment = ("we all feel", ) + Fun.words
+
+chain = ['a', 'b', 'c'] + eggs + list(('yes', 'no', 'pants') + zoob)
+
+baz = () + zoob

ruff.schema.json

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
       ]
     },
     "format": {
-      "description": "The style in which violation messages should be formatted: `\"text\"` (default), `\"grouped\"` (group messages by file), `\"json\"` (machine-readable), `\"junit\"` (machine-readable XML), `\"github\"` (GitHub Actions annotations) or `\"gitlab\"` (GitLab CI code quality report).",
+      "description": "The style in which violation messages should be formatted: `\"text\"` (default), `\"grouped\"` (group messages by file), `\"json\"` (machine-readable), `\"junit\"` (machine-readable XML), `\"github\"` (GitHub Actions annotations), `\"gitlab\"` (GitLab CI code quality report), or `\"pylint\"` (Pylint text format).",
       "anyOf": [
         {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/SerializationFormat"
@@ -285,6 +285,16 @@
         }
       ]
     },
+    "namespace-packages": {
+      "description": "Mark the specified directories as namespace packages. For the purpose of module resolution, Ruff will treat those directories as if they contained an `__init__.py` file.",
+      "type": [
+        "array",
+        "null"
+      ],
+      "items": {
+        "type": "string"
+      }
+    },
     "pep8-naming": {
       "description": "Options for the `pep8-naming` plugin.",
       "anyOf": [
@@ -331,6 +341,17 @@
         }
       ]
     },
+    "pylint": {
+      "description": "Options for the `pylint` plugin.",
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "$ref": "#/definitions/PylintOptions"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
     "pyupgrade": {
       "description": "Options for the `pyupgrade` plugin.",
       "anyOf": [
@@ -438,7 +459,7 @@
   },
   "additionalProperties": false,
   "definitions": {
-    "BannedApi": {
+    "ApiBan": {
       "type": "object",
       "required": [
         "msg"
@@ -451,6 +472,17 @@
       },
       "additionalProperties": false
     },
+    "ConstantType": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": [
+        "bytes",
+        "complex",
+        "float",
+        "int",
+        "str",
+        "tuple"
+      ]
+    },
     "Convention": {
       "oneOf": [
         {
@@ -733,7 +765,7 @@
             "null"
           ],
           "additionalProperties": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/BannedApi"
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/ApiBan"
           }
         }
       },
@@ -752,6 +784,16 @@
       },
       "additionalProperties": false
     },
+    "ImportType": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": [
+        "future",
+        "standard-library",
+        "third-party",
+        "first-party",
+        "local-folder"
+      ]
+    },
     "IsortOptions": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
@@ -772,6 +814,16 @@
             "null"
           ]
         },
+        "constants": {
+          "description": "An override list of tokens to always recognize as a CONSTANT for `order-by-type` regardless of casing.",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        },
         "extra-standard-library": {
           "description": "A list of modules to consider standard-library, in addition to those known to Ruff in advance.",
           "type": [
@@ -823,6 +875,16 @@
             "type": "string"
           }
         },
+        "no-lines-before": {
+          "description": "A list of sections that should _not_ be delineated from the previous section via empty lines.",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/ImportType"
+          }
+        },
         "order-by-type": {
           "description": "Order imports by type, which is determined by case, in addition to alphabetically.",
           "type": [
@@ -867,6 +929,16 @@
             "boolean",
             "null"
           ]
+        },
+        "variables": {
+          "description": "An override list of tokens to always recognize as a var for `order-by-type` regardless of casing.",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
         }
       },
       "additionalProperties": false
@@ -996,6 +1068,22 @@
       },
       "additionalProperties": false
     },
+    "PylintOptions": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "allow-magic-value-types": {
+          "description": "Constant types to ignore when used as \"magic values\".",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/ConstantType"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
+    },
     "PythonVersion": {
       "type": "string",
       "enum": [
@@ -1146,6 +1234,12 @@
         "C9",
         "C90",
         "C901",
+        "COM",
+        "COM8",
+        "COM81",
+        "COM812",
+        "COM818",
+        "COM819",
         "D",
         "D1",
         "D10",
@@ -1340,6 +1434,10 @@
         "ICN0",
         "ICN00",
         "ICN001",
+        "INP",
+        "INP0",
+        "INP00",
+        "INP001",
         "ISC",
         "ISC0",
         "ISC00",
@@ -1415,6 +1513,7 @@
         "PIE79",
         "PIE790",
         "PIE794",
+        "PIE796",
         "PIE8",
         "PIE80",
         "PIE807",
@@ -1423,10 +1522,6 @@
         "PLC04",
         "PLC041",
         "PLC0414",
-        "PLC2",
-        "PLC22",
-        "PLC220",
-        "PLC2201",
         "PLC3",
         "PLC30",
         "PLC300",
@@ -1536,6 +1631,7 @@
         "RUF002",
         "RUF003",
         "RUF004",
+        "RUF005",
         "RUF1",
         "RUF10",
         "RUF100",
@@ -1670,6 +1766,8 @@
         "UP029",
         "UP03",
         "UP030",
+        "UP032",
+        "UP033",
         "W",
         "W2",
         "W29",
@@ -1707,7 +1805,8 @@
         "junit",
         "grouped",
         "github",
-        "gitlab"
+        "gitlab",
+        "pylint"
       ]
     },
     "Strictness": {

ruff_cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_cli"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 authors = ["Charlie Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.65.0"
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ name = "ruff"
 path = "src/main.rs"
 doctest = false
 
+# Since the name of the binary is the same as the name of the `ruff` crate
+# running `cargo doc --no-deps --all` results in an `output filename collision`
+# See also https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/6313.
+# We therefore disable the documentation generation for the binary.
+doc = false
+
 [dependencies]
 ruff = { path = ".." }
 

ruff_cli/src/cache.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use filetime::FileTime;
 use log::error;
 use path_absolutize::Absolutize;
 use ruff::message::Message;
-use ruff::settings::{flags, Settings};
+use ruff::settings::{flags, AllSettings, Settings};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 const CARGO_PKG_VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
@@ -80,10 +80,14 @@ fn read_sync(cache_dir: &Path, key: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>, std::io::Error> {
 pub fn get<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     path: P,
     metadata: &fs::Metadata,
-    settings: &Settings,
+    settings: &AllSettings,
     autofix: flags::Autofix,
 ) -> Option<Vec<Message>> {
-    let encoded = read_sync(&settings.cache_dir, cache_key(path, settings, autofix)).ok()?;
+    let encoded = read_sync(
+        &settings.cli.cache_dir,
+        cache_key(path, &settings.lib, autofix),
+    )
+    .ok()?;
     let (mtime, messages) = match bincode::deserialize::<CheckResult>(&encoded[..]) {
         Ok(CheckResult {
             metadata: CacheMetadata { mtime },
@@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn get<P: AsRef<Path>>(
 pub fn set<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     path: P,
     metadata: &fs::Metadata,
-    settings: &Settings,
+    settings: &AllSettings,
     autofix: flags::Autofix,
     messages: &[Message],
 ) {
@@ -115,8 +119,8 @@ pub fn set<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         messages,
     };
     if let Err(e) = write_sync(
-        &settings.cache_dir,
-        cache_key(path, settings, autofix),
+        &settings.cli.cache_dir,
+        cache_key(path, &settings.lib, autofix),
         &bincode::serialize(&check_result).unwrap(),
     ) {
         error!("Failed to write to cache: {e:?}");

ruff_cli/src/cli.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use clap::{command, Parser};
 use regex::Regex;
+use ruff::fs;
 use ruff::logging::LogLevel;
-use ruff::registry::{RuleCode, RuleCodePrefix};
+use ruff::registry::{Rule, RuleCodePrefix};
 use ruff::resolver::ConfigProcessor;
 use ruff::settings::types::{
     FilePattern, PatternPrefixPair, PerFileIgnore, PythonVersion, SerializationFormat,
 };
-use ruff::{fs, mccabe};
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Parser)]
@@ -137,9 +137,6 @@ pub struct Cli {
     /// formatting.
     #[arg(long)]
     pub line_length: Option<usize>,
-    /// Maximum McCabe complexity allowed for a given function.
-    #[arg(long)]
-    pub max_complexity: Option<usize>,
     /// Enable automatic additions of `noqa` directives to failing lines.
     #[arg(
         long,
@@ -172,6 +169,7 @@ pub struct Cli {
     /// Explain a rule.
     #[arg(
         long,
+        value_parser=Rule::from_code,
         // Fake subcommands.
         conflicts_with = "add_noqa",
         conflicts_with = "clean",
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ pub struct Cli {
         conflicts_with = "stdin_filename",
         conflicts_with = "watch",
     )]
-    pub explain: Option<RuleCode>,
+    pub explain: Option<&'static Rule>,
     /// Generate shell completion
     #[arg(
         long,
@@ -266,7 +264,6 @@ impl Cli {
                 fixable: self.fixable,
                 ignore: self.ignore,
                 line_length: self.line_length,
-                max_complexity: self.max_complexity,
                 per_file_ignores: self.per_file_ignores,
                 respect_gitignore: resolve_bool_arg(
                     self.respect_gitignore,
@@ -306,7 +303,7 @@ pub struct Arguments {
     pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
     pub diff: bool,
     pub exit_zero: bool,
-    pub explain: Option<RuleCode>,
+    pub explain: Option<&'static Rule>,
     pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub generate_shell_completion: Option<clap_complete_command::Shell>,
     pub isolated: bool,
@@ -332,7 +329,6 @@ pub struct Overrides {
     pub fixable: Option<Vec<RuleCodePrefix>>,
     pub ignore: Option<Vec<RuleCodePrefix>>,
     pub line_length: Option<usize>,
-    pub max_complexity: Option<usize>,
     pub per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
     pub respect_gitignore: Option<bool>,
     pub select: Option<Vec<RuleCodePrefix>>,
@@ -383,11 +379,6 @@ impl ConfigProcessor for &Overrides {
         if let Some(line_length) = &self.line_length {
             config.line_length = Some(*line_length);
         }
-        if let Some(max_complexity) = &self.max_complexity {
-            config.mccabe = Some(mccabe::settings::Options {
-                max_complexity: Some(*max_complexity),
-            });
-        }
         if let Some(per_file_ignores) = &self.per_file_ignores {
             config.per_file_ignores = Some(collect_per_file_ignores(per_file_ignores.clone()));
         }

ruff_cli/src/commands.rs

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ use ruff::cache::CACHE_DIR_NAME;
 use ruff::linter::add_noqa_to_path;
 use ruff::logging::LogLevel;
 use ruff::message::{Location, Message};
-use ruff::registry::RuleCode;
+use ruff::registry::Rule;
 use ruff::resolver::{FileDiscovery, PyprojectDiscovery};
 use ruff::settings::flags;
 use ruff::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
-use ruff::{fix, fs, packaging, resolver, violations, warn_user_once};
+use ruff::{fix, fs, packaging, resolver, warn_user_once, AutofixAvailability, IOError};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use walkdir::WalkDir;
 
@@ -56,19 +56,19 @@ pub fn run(
     if matches!(cache, flags::Cache::Enabled) {
         match &pyproject_strategy {
             PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => {
-                if let Err(e) = cache::init(&settings.cache_dir) {
+                if let Err(e) = cache::init(&settings.cli.cache_dir) {
                     error!(
                         "Failed to initialize cache at {}: {e:?}",
-                        settings.cache_dir.to_string_lossy()
+                        settings.cli.cache_dir.to_string_lossy()
                     );
                 }
             }
             PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(default) => {
                 for settings in std::iter::once(default).chain(resolver.iter()) {
-                    if let Err(e) = cache::init(&settings.cache_dir) {
+                    if let Err(e) = cache::init(&settings.cli.cache_dir) {
                         error!(
                             "Failed to initialize cache at {}: {e:?}",
-                            settings.cache_dir.to_string_lossy()
+                            settings.cli.cache_dir.to_string_lossy()
                         );
                     }
                 }
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ pub fn run(
             .flatten()
             .map(ignore::DirEntry::path)
             .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        &resolver,
+        pyproject_strategy,
     );
 
     let start = Instant::now();
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ pub fn run(
                         .parent()
                         .and_then(|parent| package_roots.get(parent))
                         .and_then(|package| *package);
-                    let settings = resolver.resolve(path, pyproject_strategy);
+                    let settings = resolver.resolve_all(path, pyproject_strategy);
                     lint_path(path, package, settings, cache, autofix)
                         .map_err(|e| (Some(path.to_owned()), e.to_string()))
                 }
@@ -112,9 +114,9 @@ pub fn run(
             .unwrap_or_else(|(path, message)| {
                 if let Some(path) = &path {
                     let settings = resolver.resolve(path, pyproject_strategy);
-                    if settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::E902) {
+                    if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::IOError) {
                         Diagnostics::new(vec![Message {
-                            kind: violations::IOError(message).into(),
+                            kind: IOError(message).into(),
                             location: Location::default(),
                             end_location: Location::default(),
                             fix: None,
@@ -169,9 +171,9 @@ pub fn run_stdin(
     };
     let package_root = filename
         .and_then(Path::parent)
-        .and_then(packaging::detect_package_root);
+        .and_then(|path| packaging::detect_package_root(path, &settings.lib.namespace_packages));
     let stdin = read_from_stdin()?;
-    let mut diagnostics = lint_stdin(filename, package_root, &stdin, settings, autofix)?;
+    let mut diagnostics = lint_stdin(filename, package_root, &stdin, &settings.lib, autofix)?;
     diagnostics.messages.sort_unstable();
     Ok(diagnostics)
 }
@@ -287,24 +289,34 @@ struct Explanation<'a> {
     summary: &'a str,
 }
 
-/// Explain a `RuleCode` to the user.
-pub fn explain(code: &RuleCode, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
+/// Explain a `Rule` to the user.
+pub fn explain(rule: &Rule, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
     match format {
         SerializationFormat::Text | SerializationFormat::Grouped => {
-            println!(
-                "{} ({}): {}",
-                code.as_ref(),
-                code.origin().title(),
-                code.kind().summary()
-            );
+            println!("{}\n", rule.as_ref());
+            println!("Code: {} ({})\n", rule.code(), rule.origin().name());
+
+            if let Some(autofix) = rule.autofixable() {
+                println!(
+                    "{}",
+                    match autofix.available {
+                        AutofixAvailability::Sometimes => "Autofix is sometimes available.\n",
+                        AutofixAvailability::Always => "Autofix is always available.\n",
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+            println!("Message formats:\n");
+            for format in rule.message_formats() {
+                println!("* {format}");
+            }
         }
         SerializationFormat::Json => {
             println!(
                 "{}",
                 serde_json::to_string_pretty(&Explanation {
-                    code: code.as_ref(),
-                    origin: code.origin().title(),
-                    summary: &code.kind().summary(),
+                    code: rule.code(),
+                    origin: rule.origin().name(),
+                    summary: rule.message_formats()[0],
                 })?
             );
         }
@@ -317,6 +329,9 @@ pub fn explain(code: &RuleCode, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
         SerializationFormat::Gitlab => {
             bail!("`--explain` does not support GitLab format")
         }
+        SerializationFormat::Pylint => {
+            bail!("`--explain` does not support pylint format")
+        }
     };
     Ok(())
 }

ruff_cli/src/diagnostics.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use log::debug;
 use ruff::linter::{lint_fix, lint_only};
 use ruff::message::Message;
-use ruff::settings::{flags, Settings};
+use ruff::settings::{flags, AllSettings, Settings};
 use ruff::{fix, fs};
 use similar::TextDiff;
 
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ impl AddAssign for Diagnostics {
 pub fn lint_path(
     path: &Path,
     package: Option<&Path>,
-    settings: &Settings,
+    settings: &AllSettings,
     cache: flags::Cache,
     autofix: fix::FixMode,
 ) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
     // Validate the `Settings` and return any errors.
-    settings.validate()?;
+    settings.lib.validate()?;
 
     // Check the cache.
     // TODO(charlie): `fixer::Mode::Apply` and `fixer::Mode::Diff` both have
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn lint_path(
 
     // Lint the file.
     let (messages, fixed) = if matches!(autofix, fix::FixMode::Apply | fix::FixMode::Diff) {
-        let (transformed, fixed, messages) = lint_fix(&contents, path, package, settings)?;
+        let (transformed, fixed, messages) = lint_fix(&contents, path, package, &settings.lib)?;
         if fixed > 0 {
             if matches!(autofix, fix::FixMode::Apply) {
                 write(path, transformed)?;
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub fn lint_path(
         }
         (messages, fixed)
     } else {
-        let messages = lint_only(&contents, path, package, settings, autofix.into())?;
+        let messages = lint_only(&contents, path, package, &settings.lib, autofix.into())?;
         let fixed = 0;
         (messages, fixed)
     };

ruff_cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
+//! This library only exists to enable the Ruff internal tooling (`ruff_dev`)
+//! to automatically update the `ruff --help` output in the `README.md`.
+//!
+//! For the actual Ruff library, see [`ruff`].
 #![allow(clippy::must_use_candidate, dead_code)]
 
 mod cli;
 
-// used by ruff_dev::generate_cli_help
-pub use cli::Cli;
+use clap::CommandFactory;
+
+/// Returns the output of `ruff --help`.
+pub fn help() -> String {
+    cli::Cli::command().render_help().to_string()
+}

ruff_cli/src/main.rs

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ use ::ruff::resolver::{
     resolve_settings_with_processor, ConfigProcessor, FileDiscovery, PyprojectDiscovery, Relativity,
 };
 use ::ruff::settings::configuration::Configuration;
+use ::ruff::settings::pyproject;
 use ::ruff::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
-use ::ruff::settings::{pyproject, Settings};
 use ::ruff::{fix, fs, warn_user_once};
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::{CommandFactory, Parser};
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use colored::Colorize;
 use notify::{recommended_watcher, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
 use path_absolutize::path_dedot;
 use printer::{Printer, Violations};
+use ruff::settings::{AllSettings, CliSettings};
 
 mod cache;
 mod cli;
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ fn resolve(
         // First priority: if we're running in isolated mode, use the default settings.
         let mut config = Configuration::default();
         overrides.process_config(&mut config);
-        let settings = Settings::from_configuration(config, &path_dedot::CWD)?;
+        let settings = AllSettings::from_configuration(config, &path_dedot::CWD)?;
         Ok(PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings))
     } else if let Some(pyproject) = config {
         // Second priority: the user specified a `pyproject.toml` file. Use that
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ fn resolve(
         // as the "default" settings.)
         let mut config = Configuration::default();
         overrides.process_config(&mut config);
-        let settings = Settings::from_configuration(config, &path_dedot::CWD)?;
+        let settings = AllSettings::from_configuration(config, &path_dedot::CWD)?;
         Ok(PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings))
     }
 }
@@ -90,6 +91,22 @@ fn resolve(
 pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
     // Extract command-line arguments.
     let (cli, overrides) = Cli::parse().partition();
+
+    let default_panic_hook = std::panic::take_hook();
+    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
+        eprintln!(
+            r#"
+{}: `ruff` crashed. This indicates a bug in `ruff`. If you could open an issue at:
+
+https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/issues/new?title=%5BPanic%5D
+
+quoting the executed command, along with the relevant file contents and `pyproject.toml` settings, we'd be very appreciative!
+"#,
+            "error".red().bold(),
+        );
+        default_panic_hook(info);
+    }));
+
     let log_level = extract_log_level(&cli);
     set_up_logging(&log_level)?;
 
@@ -113,39 +130,35 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
 
     // Validate the `Settings` and return any errors.
     match &pyproject_strategy {
-        PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.validate()?,
-        PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.validate()?,
+        PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.lib.validate()?,
+        PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.lib.validate()?,
     };
 
     // Extract options that are included in `Settings`, but only apply at the top
     // level.
     let file_strategy = FileDiscovery {
         force_exclude: match &pyproject_strategy {
-            PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.force_exclude,
-            PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.force_exclude,
+            PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.lib.force_exclude,
+            PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.lib.force_exclude,
         },
         respect_gitignore: match &pyproject_strategy {
-            PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.respect_gitignore,
-            PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.respect_gitignore,
+            PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.lib.respect_gitignore,
+            PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.lib.respect_gitignore,
         },
     };
-    let (fix, fix_only, format, update_check) = match &pyproject_strategy {
-        PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => (
-            settings.fix,
-            settings.fix_only,
-            settings.format,
-            settings.update_check,
-        ),
-        PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => (
-            settings.fix,
-            settings.fix_only,
-            settings.format,
-            settings.update_check,
-        ),
+    let CliSettings {
+        fix,
+        fix_only,
+        format,
+        update_check,
+        ..
+    } = match &pyproject_strategy {
+        PyprojectDiscovery::Fixed(settings) => settings.cli.clone(),
+        PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.cli.clone(),
     };
 
-    if let Some(code) = cli.explain {
-        commands::explain(&code, format)?;
+    if let Some(rule) = cli.explain {
+        commands::explain(rule, format)?;
         return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
     }
     if cli.show_settings {
@@ -200,7 +213,7 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         }
 
         // Perform an initial run instantly.
-        printer.clear_screen()?;
+        Printer::clear_screen()?;
         printer.write_to_user("Starting linter in watch mode...\n");
 
         let messages = commands::run(
@@ -211,7 +224,7 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
             cache.into(),
             fix::FixMode::None,
         )?;
-        printer.write_continuously(&messages);
+        printer.write_continuously(&messages)?;
 
         // Configure the file watcher.
         let (tx, rx) = channel();
@@ -230,7 +243,7 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
                             .unwrap_or_default()
                     });
                     if py_changed {
-                        printer.clear_screen()?;
+                        Printer::clear_screen()?;
                         printer.write_to_user("File change detected...\n");
 
                         let messages = commands::run(
@@ -241,7 +254,7 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
                             cache.into(),
                             fix::FixMode::None,
                         )?;
-                        printer.write_continuously(&messages);
+                        printer.write_continuously(&messages)?;
                     }
                 }
                 Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),

ruff_cli/src/printer.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::io;
+use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use annotate_snippets::display_list::{DisplayList, FormatOptions};
@@ -9,7 +11,7 @@ use itertools::iterate;
 use ruff::fs::relativize_path;
 use ruff::logging::LogLevel;
 use ruff::message::{Location, Message};
-use ruff::registry::RuleCode;
+use ruff::registry::Rule;
 use ruff::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
 use ruff::{fix, notify_user};
 use serde::Serialize;
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ struct ExpandedFix<'a> {
 
 #[derive(Serialize)]
 struct ExpandedMessage<'a> {
-    code: &'a RuleCode,
+    code: SerializeRuleAsCode<'a>,
     message: String,
     fix: Option<ExpandedFix<'a>>,
     location: Location,
@@ -41,6 +43,23 @@ struct ExpandedMessage<'a> {
     filename: &'a str,
 }
 
+struct SerializeRuleAsCode<'a>(&'a Rule);
+
+impl Serialize for SerializeRuleAsCode<'_> {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> std::result::Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(self.0.code())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a Rule> for SerializeRuleAsCode<'a> {
+    fn from(rule: &'a Rule) -> Self {
+        Self(rule)
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct Printer<'a> {
     format: &'a SerializationFormat,
     log_level: &'a LogLevel,
@@ -69,7 +88,7 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn post_text(&self, diagnostics: &Diagnostics) {
+    fn post_text<T: Write>(&self, stdout: &mut T, diagnostics: &Diagnostics) -> Result<()> {
         if self.log_level >= &LogLevel::Default {
             match self.violations {
                 Violations::Show => {
@@ -77,9 +96,12 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                     let remaining = diagnostics.messages.len();
                     let total = fixed + remaining;
                     if fixed > 0 {
-                        println!("Found {total} error(s) ({fixed} fixed, {remaining} remaining).");
+                        writeln!(
+                            stdout,
+                            "Found {total} error(s) ({fixed} fixed, {remaining} remaining)."
+                        )?;
                     } else if remaining > 0 {
-                        println!("Found {remaining} error(s).");
+                        writeln!(stdout, "Found {remaining} error(s).")?;
                     }
 
                     if !matches!(self.autofix, fix::FixMode::Apply) {
@@ -89,7 +111,10 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                             .filter(|message| message.kind.fixable())
                             .count();
                         if num_fixable > 0 {
-                            println!("{num_fixable} potentially fixable with the --fix option.");
+                            writeln!(
+                                stdout,
+                                "{num_fixable} potentially fixable with the --fix option."
+                            )?;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -97,14 +122,15 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                     let fixed = diagnostics.fixed;
                     if fixed > 0 {
                         if matches!(self.autofix, fix::FixMode::Apply) {
-                            println!("Fixed {fixed} error(s).");
+                            writeln!(stdout, "Fixed {fixed} error(s).")?;
                         } else if matches!(self.autofix, fix::FixMode::Diff) {
-                            println!("Would fix {fixed} error(s).");
+                            writeln!(stdout, "Would fix {fixed} error(s).")?;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn write_once(&self, diagnostics: &Diagnostics) -> Result<()> {
@@ -113,25 +139,28 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
         }
 
         if matches!(self.violations, Violations::Hide) {
+            let mut stdout = BufWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
             if matches!(
                 self.format,
                 SerializationFormat::Text | SerializationFormat::Grouped
             ) {
-                self.post_text(diagnostics);
+                self.post_text(&mut stdout, diagnostics)?;
             }
             return Ok(());
         }
 
+        let mut stdout = BufWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
         match self.format {
             SerializationFormat::Json => {
-                println!(
+                writeln!(
+                    stdout,
                     "{}",
                     serde_json::to_string_pretty(
                         &diagnostics
                             .messages
                             .iter()
                             .map(|message| ExpandedMessage {
-                                code: message.kind.code(),
+                                code: message.kind.rule().into(),
                                 message: message.kind.body(),
                                 fix: message.fix.as_ref().map(|fix| ExpandedFix {
                                     content: &fix.content,
@@ -145,7 +174,7 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                             })
                             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                     )?
-                );
+                )?;
             }
             SerializationFormat::Junit => {
                 use quick_junit::{NonSuccessKind, Report, TestCase, TestCaseStatus, TestSuite};
@@ -165,8 +194,10 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                             message.location.column(),
                             message.kind.body()
                         ));
-                        let mut case =
-                            TestCase::new(format!("org.ruff.{}", message.kind.code()), status);
+                        let mut case = TestCase::new(
+                            format!("org.ruff.{}", message.kind.rule().code()),
+                            status,
+                        );
                         let file_path = Path::new(filename);
                         let file_stem = file_path.file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
                         let classname = file_path.parent().unwrap().join(file_stem);
@@ -180,14 +211,14 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                     }
                     report.add_test_suite(test_suite);
                 }
-                println!("{}", report.to_string().unwrap());
+                writeln!(stdout, "{}", report.to_string().unwrap())?;
             }
             SerializationFormat::Text => {
                 for message in &diagnostics.messages {
-                    print_message(message);
+                    print_message(&mut stdout, message)?;
                 }
 
-                self.post_text(diagnostics);
+                self.post_text(&mut stdout, diagnostics)?;
             }
             SerializationFormat::Grouped => {
                 for (filename, messages) in group_messages_by_filename(&diagnostics.messages) {
@@ -209,21 +240,25 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                     );
 
                     // Print the filename.
-                    println!("{}:", relativize_path(Path::new(&filename)).underline());
+                    writeln!(
+                        stdout,
+                        "{}:",
+                        relativize_path(Path::new(&filename)).underline()
+                    )?;
 
                     // Print each message.
                     for message in messages {
-                        print_grouped_message(message, row_length, column_length);
+                        print_grouped_message(&mut stdout, message, row_length, column_length)?;
                     }
-                    println!();
+                    writeln!(stdout)?;
                 }
 
-                self.post_text(diagnostics);
+                self.post_text(&mut stdout, diagnostics)?;
             }
             SerializationFormat::Github => {
                 // Generate error workflow command in GitHub Actions format.
                 // See: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-error-message
-                diagnostics.messages.iter().for_each(|message| {
+                for message in &diagnostics.messages {
                     let label = format!(
                         "{}{}{}{}{}{} {} {}",
                         relativize_path(Path::new(&message.filename)),
@@ -232,26 +267,27 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                         ":",
                         message.location.column(),
                         ":",
-                        message.kind.code().as_ref(),
+                        message.kind.rule().code(),
                         message.kind.body(),
                     );
-                    println!(
+                    writeln!(
+                        stdout,
                         "::error title=Ruff \
                          ({}),file={},line={},col={},endLine={},endColumn={}::{}",
-                        message.kind.code(),
+                        message.kind.rule().code(),
                         message.filename,
                         message.location.row(),
                         message.location.column(),
                         message.end_location.row(),
                         message.end_location.column(),
                         label,
-                    );
-                });
+                    )?;
+                }
             }
             SerializationFormat::Gitlab => {
-                // Generate JSON with errors in GitLab CI format
+                // Generate JSON with violations in GitLab CI format
                 // https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/testing/code_quality.html#implementing-a-custom-tool
-                println!(
+                writeln!(stdout,
                     "{}",
                     serde_json::to_string_pretty(
                         &diagnostics
@@ -259,9 +295,9 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                             .iter()
                             .map(|message| {
                                 json!({
-                                    "description": format!("({}) {}", message.kind.code(), message.kind.body()),
+                                    "description": format!("({}) {}", message.kind.rule().code(), message.kind.body()),
                                     "severity": "major",
-                                    "fingerprint": message.kind.code(),
+                                    "fingerprint": message.kind.rule().code(),
                                     "location": {
                                         "path": message.filename,
                                         "lines": {
@@ -274,16 +310,32 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                         )
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                     )?
-                );
+                )?;
+            }
+            SerializationFormat::Pylint => {
+                // Generate violations in Pylint format.
+                // See: https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/internal/formatters.html#pylint-formatter
+                for message in &diagnostics.messages {
+                    let label = format!(
+                        "{}:{}: [{}] {}",
+                        relativize_path(Path::new(&message.filename)),
+                        message.location.row(),
+                        message.kind.rule().code(),
+                        message.kind.body(),
+                    );
+                    writeln!(stdout, "{label}")?;
+                }
             }
         }
 
+        stdout.flush()?;
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn write_continuously(&self, diagnostics: &Diagnostics) {
+    pub fn write_continuously(&self, diagnostics: &Diagnostics) -> Result<()> {
         if matches!(self.log_level, LogLevel::Silent) {
-            return;
+            return Ok(());
         }
 
         if self.log_level >= &LogLevel::Default {
@@ -293,18 +345,21 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
             );
         }
 
+        let mut stdout = BufWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
         if !diagnostics.messages.is_empty() {
             if self.log_level >= &LogLevel::Default {
-                println!();
+                writeln!(stdout)?;
             }
             for message in &diagnostics.messages {
-                print_message(message);
+                print_message(&mut stdout, message)?;
             }
         }
+        stdout.flush()?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    #[allow(clippy::unused_self)]
-    pub fn clear_screen(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn clear_screen() -> Result<()> {
         #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
         clearscreen::clear()?;
         Ok(())
@@ -330,7 +385,7 @@ fn num_digits(n: usize) -> usize {
 }
 
 /// Print a single `Message` with full details.
-fn print_message(message: &Message) {
+fn print_message<T: Write>(stdout: &mut T, message: &Message) -> Result<()> {
     let label = format!(
         "{}{}{}{}{}{} {} {}",
         relativize_path(Path::new(&message.filename)).bold(),
@@ -339,10 +394,10 @@ fn print_message(message: &Message) {
         ":".cyan(),
         message.location.column(),
         ":".cyan(),
-        message.kind.code().as_ref().red().bold(),
+        message.kind.rule().code().red().bold(),
         message.kind.body(),
     );
-    println!("{label}");
+    writeln!(stdout, "{label}")?;
     if let Some(source) = &message.source {
         let commit = message.kind.commit();
         let footer = if commit.is_some() {
@@ -354,7 +409,6 @@ fn print_message(message: &Message) {
         } else {
             vec![]
         };
-
         let snippet = Snippet {
             title: Some(Annotation {
                 label: None,
@@ -367,7 +421,7 @@ fn print_message(message: &Message) {
                 source: &source.contents,
                 line_start: message.location.row(),
                 annotations: vec![SourceAnnotation {
-                    label: message.kind.code().as_ref(),
+                    label: message.kind.rule().code(),
                     annotation_type: AnnotationType::Error,
                     range: source.range,
                 }],
@@ -384,13 +438,19 @@ fn print_message(message: &Message) {
         // Skip the first line, since we format the `label` ourselves.
         let message = DisplayList::from(snippet).to_string();
         let (_, message) = message.split_once('\n').unwrap();
-        println!("{message}\n");
+        writeln!(stdout, "{message}\n")?;
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Print a grouped `Message`, assumed to be printed in a group with others from
 /// the same file.
-fn print_grouped_message(message: &Message, row_length: usize, column_length: usize) {
+fn print_grouped_message<T: Write>(
+    stdout: &mut T,
+    message: &Message,
+    row_length: usize,
+    column_length: usize,
+) -> Result<()> {
     let label = format!(
         "  {}{}{}{}{}  {}  {}",
         " ".repeat(row_length - num_digits(message.location.row())),
@@ -398,10 +458,10 @@ fn print_grouped_message(message: &Message, row_length: usize, column_length: us
         ":".cyan(),
         message.location.column(),
         " ".repeat(column_length - num_digits(message.location.column())),
-        message.kind.code().as_ref().red().bold(),
+        message.kind.rule().code().red().bold(),
         message.kind.body(),
     );
-    println!("{label}");
+    writeln!(stdout, "{label}")?;
     if let Some(source) = &message.source {
         let commit = message.kind.commit();
         let footer = if commit.is_some() {
@@ -413,7 +473,6 @@ fn print_grouped_message(message: &Message, row_length: usize, column_length: us
         } else {
             vec![]
         };
-
         let snippet = Snippet {
             title: Some(Annotation {
                 label: None,
@@ -426,7 +485,7 @@ fn print_grouped_message(message: &Message, row_length: usize, column_length: us
                 source: &source.contents,
                 line_start: message.location.row(),
                 annotations: vec![SourceAnnotation {
-                    label: message.kind.code().as_ref(),
+                    label: message.kind.rule().code(),
                     annotation_type: AnnotationType::Error,
                     range: source.range,
                 }],
@@ -444,6 +503,7 @@ fn print_grouped_message(message: &Message, row_length: usize, column_length: us
         let message = DisplayList::from(snippet).to_string();
         let (_, message) = message.split_once('\n').unwrap();
         let message = textwrap::indent(message, "  ");
-        println!("{message}");
+        writeln!(stdout, "{message}")?;
     }
+    Ok(())
 }

ruff_cli/tests/black_compatibility_test.rs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ fn test_ruff_black_compatibility() -> Result<()> {
         // problem. Ruff would add a `# noqa: W292`  after the first run, black introduces a
         // newline, and ruff removes the `# noqa: W292` again.
         .filter(|origin| *origin != RuleOrigin::Ruff)
-        .map(|origin| origin.codes().iter().map(AsRef::as_ref).join(","))
+        .map(|origin| origin.prefixes().as_list(","))
         .join(",");
     let ruff_args = [
         "-",

ruff_cli/tests/integration_test.rs

@@ -151,3 +151,12 @@ fn test_show_source() -> Result<()> {
     assert!(str::from_utf8(&output.get_output().stdout)?.contains("l = 1"));
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn explain_status_codes() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin(BIN_NAME)?;
+    cmd.args(["-", "--explain", "F401"]).assert().success();
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin(BIN_NAME)?;
+    cmd.args(["-", "--explain", "RUF404"]).assert().failure();
+    Ok(())
+}

ruff_dev/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_dev"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 edition = "2021"
 
-[lib]
-name = "ruff_dev"
-doctest = false
-
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = { version = "1.0.66" }
 clap = { version = "4.0.1", features = ["derive"] }
@@ -15,9 +11,9 @@ libcst = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/LibCST", rev = "f2f0b7a487a87
 once_cell = { version = "1.16.0" }
 ruff = { path = ".." }
 ruff_cli = { path = "../ruff_cli" }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "d532160333ffeb6dbeca2c2728c2391cd1e53b7f" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
 schemars = { version = "0.8.11" }
 serde_json = {version="1.0.91"}
 strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }

ruff_dev/src/generate_cli_help.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 //! Generate CLI help.
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use clap::{Args, CommandFactory};
-use ruff_cli::Cli as MainCli;
+use clap::Args;
 
 use crate::utils::replace_readme_section;
 
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@ fn trim_lines(s: &str) -> String {
 }
 
 pub fn main(cli: &Cli) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut cmd = MainCli::command();
-    let output = trim_lines(cmd.render_help().to_string().trim());
+    let output = trim_lines(ruff_cli::help().trim());
 
     if cli.dry_run {
         print!("{output}");

ruff_dev/src/generate_rules_table.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::Args;
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use ruff::registry::{RuleCode, RuleOrigin};
+use ruff::registry::{Prefixes, RuleCodePrefix, RuleOrigin};
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
 use crate::utils::replace_readme_section;
@@ -21,55 +20,82 @@ pub struct Cli {
     pub(crate) dry_run: bool,
 }
 
+fn generate_table(table_out: &mut String, prefix: &RuleCodePrefix) {
+    table_out.push_str("| Code | Name | Message | Fix |");
+    table_out.push('\n');
+    table_out.push_str("| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |");
+    table_out.push('\n');
+    for rule in prefix.codes() {
+        let fix_token = match rule.autofixable() {
+            None => "",
+            Some(_) => "🛠",
+        };
+
+        table_out.push_str(&format!(
+            "| {} | {} | {} | {} |",
+            rule.code(),
+            rule.as_ref(),
+            rule.message_formats()[0].replace('|', r"\|"),
+            fix_token
+        ));
+        table_out.push('\n');
+    }
+    table_out.push('\n');
+}
+
 pub fn main(cli: &Cli) -> Result<()> {
     // Generate the table string.
     let mut table_out = String::new();
     let mut toc_out = String::new();
     for origin in RuleOrigin::iter() {
-        let codes_csv: String = origin.codes().iter().map(AsRef::as_ref).join(", ");
-        table_out.push_str(&format!("### {} ({codes_csv})", origin.title()));
+        let prefixes = origin.prefixes();
+        let codes_csv: String = prefixes.as_list(", ");
+        table_out.push_str(&format!("### {} ({codes_csv})", origin.name()));
         table_out.push('\n');
         table_out.push('\n');
 
         toc_out.push_str(&format!(
             "   1. [{} ({})](#{}-{})\n",
-            origin.title(),
+            origin.name(),
             codes_csv,
-            origin.title().to_lowercase().replace(' ', "-"),
+            origin.name().to_lowercase().replace(' ', "-"),
             codes_csv.to_lowercase().replace(',', "-").replace(' ', "")
         ));
 
-        if let Some((url, platform)) = origin.url() {
+        if let Some(url) = origin.url() {
+            let host = url
+                .trim_start_matches("https://")
+                .split('/')
+                .next()
+                .unwrap();
             table_out.push_str(&format!(
                 "For more, see [{}]({}) on {}.",
-                origin.title(),
+                origin.name(),
                 url,
-                platform
+                match host {
+                    "pypi.org" => "PyPI",
+                    "github.com" => "GitHub",
+                    host => panic!(
+                        "unexpected host in URL of {}, expected pypi.org or github.com but found \
+                         {host}",
+                        origin.name()
+                    ),
+                }
             ));
             table_out.push('\n');
             table_out.push('\n');
         }
 
-        table_out.push_str("| Code | Name | Message | Fix |");
-        table_out.push('\n');
-        table_out.push_str("| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |");
-        table_out.push('\n');
-
-        for rule_code in RuleCode::iter() {
-            if rule_code.origin() == origin {
-                let kind = rule_code.kind();
-                let fix_token = if kind.fixable() { "🛠" } else { "" };
-                table_out.push_str(&format!(
-                    "| {} | {} | {} | {} |",
-                    kind.code().as_ref(),
-                    kind.as_ref(),
-                    kind.summary().replace('|', r"\|"),
-                    fix_token
-                ));
-                table_out.push('\n');
+        match prefixes {
+            Prefixes::Single(prefix) => generate_table(&mut table_out, &prefix),
+            Prefixes::Multiple(entries) => {
+                for (prefix, category) in entries {
+                    table_out.push_str(&format!("#### {category} ({})", prefix.as_ref()));
+                    table_out.push('\n');
+                    generate_table(&mut table_out, &prefix);
+                }
             }
         }
-        table_out.push('\n');
     }
 
     if cli.dry_run {

ruff_dev/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(
-    clippy::collapsible_else_if,
-    clippy::collapsible_if,
-    clippy::implicit_hasher,
-    clippy::match_same_arms,
-    clippy::missing_errors_doc,
-    clippy::missing_panics_doc,
-    clippy::module_name_repetitions,
-    clippy::must_use_candidate,
-    clippy::similar_names,
-    clippy::too_many_lines
-)]
-#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
-
-pub mod generate_all;
-pub mod generate_cli_help;
-pub mod generate_json_schema;
-pub mod generate_options;
-pub mod generate_rules_table;
-pub mod print_ast;
-pub mod print_cst;
-pub mod print_tokens;
-pub mod round_trip;
-mod utils;

ruff_dev/src/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+//! This crate implements an internal CLI for developers of Ruff.
+//!
+//! Within the ruff repository you can run it with `cargo dev`.
 #![allow(
     clippy::collapsible_else_if,
     clippy::collapsible_if,
@@ -12,12 +15,19 @@
 )]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
+mod generate_all;
+mod generate_cli_help;
+mod generate_json_schema;
+mod generate_options;
+mod generate_rules_table;
+mod print_ast;
+mod print_cst;
+mod print_tokens;
+mod round_trip;
+mod utils;
+
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
-use ruff_dev::{
-    generate_all, generate_cli_help, generate_json_schema, generate_options, generate_rules_table,
-    print_ast, print_cst, print_tokens, round_trip,
-};
 
 #[derive(Parser)]
 #[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]

ruff_dev/src/round_trip.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::Args;
-use ruff::source_code::{Generator, Locator, Stylist};
-use rustpython_parser::parser;
+use ruff::source_code::round_trip;
 
 #[derive(Args)]
 pub struct Cli {
@@ -17,11 +16,6 @@ pub struct Cli {
 
 pub fn main(cli: &Cli) -> Result<()> {
     let contents = fs::read_to_string(&cli.file)?;
-    let python_ast = parser::parse_program(&contents, &cli.file.to_string_lossy())?;
-    let locator = Locator::new(&contents);
-    let stylist = Stylist::from_contents(&contents, &locator);
-    let mut generator: Generator = (&stylist).into();
-    generator.unparse_suite(&python_ast);
-    println!("{}", generator.generate());
+    println!("{}", round_trip(&contents, &cli.file.to_string_lossy())?);
     Ok(())
 }

ruff_macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_macros"
-version = "0.0.221"
+version = "0.0.227"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [lib]

ruff_macros/src/define_rule_mapping.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use proc_macro2::Span;
+use quote::quote;
+use syn::parse::Parse;
+use syn::{Ident, LitStr, Path, Token};
+
+pub fn define_rule_mapping(mapping: &Mapping) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
+    let mut rule_variants = quote!();
+    let mut diagkind_variants = quote!();
+    let mut rule_message_formats_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_autofixable_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_origin_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_code_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_from_code_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut diagkind_code_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut diagkind_body_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut diagkind_fixable_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut diagkind_commit_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut from_impls_for_diagkind = quote!();
+
+    for (code, path, name) in &mapping.entries {
+        let code_str = LitStr::new(&code.to_string(), Span::call_site());
+        rule_variants.extend(quote! {
+            #[doc = #code_str]
+            #name,
+        });
+        diagkind_variants.extend(quote! {#name(#path),});
+        rule_message_formats_match_arms
+            .extend(quote! {Self::#name => <#path as Violation>::message_formats(),});
+        rule_autofixable_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name => <#path as Violation>::AUTOFIX,});
+        let origin = get_origin(code);
+        rule_origin_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name => RuleOrigin::#origin,});
+        rule_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name => #code_str,});
+        rule_from_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {#code_str => Ok(&Rule::#name), });
+        diagkind_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name(..) => &Rule::#name, });
+        diagkind_body_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name(x) => Violation::message(x), });
+        diagkind_fixable_match_arms
+            .extend(quote! {Self::#name(x) => x.autofix_title_formatter().is_some(),});
+        diagkind_commit_match_arms
+            .extend(quote! {Self::#name(x) => x.autofix_title_formatter().map(|f| f(x)), });
+        from_impls_for_diagkind.extend(quote! {
+            impl From<#path> for DiagnosticKind {
+                fn from(x: #path) -> Self {
+                    DiagnosticKind::#name(x)
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    let code_to_name: HashMap<_, _> = mapping
+        .entries
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(code, _, name)| (code.to_string(), name))
+        .collect();
+
+    let rulecodeprefix = super::rule_code_prefix::expand(
+        &Ident::new("Rule", Span::call_site()),
+        &Ident::new("RuleCodePrefix", Span::call_site()),
+        mapping.entries.iter().map(|(code, ..)| code),
+        |code| code_to_name[code],
+    );
+
+    quote! {
+        #[derive(
+            EnumIter,
+            Debug,
+            PartialEq,
+            Eq,
+            Clone,
+            Hash,
+            PartialOrd,
+            Ord,
+            AsRefStr,
+        )]
+        #[strum(serialize_all = "kebab-case")]
+        pub enum Rule { #rule_variants }
+
+        #[derive(AsRefStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+        pub enum DiagnosticKind { #diagkind_variants }
+
+        #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+        pub enum FromCodeError {
+            #[error("unknown rule code")]
+            Unknown,
+        }
+
+        impl Rule {
+            /// Returns the format strings used to report violations of this rule.
+            pub fn message_formats(&self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
+                match self { #rule_message_formats_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn autofixable(&self) -> Option<crate::violation::AutofixKind> {
+                match self { #rule_autofixable_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn origin(&self) -> RuleOrigin {
+                match self { #rule_origin_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn code(&self) -> &'static str {
+                match self { #rule_code_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn from_code(code: &str) -> Result<&'static Self, FromCodeError> {
+                match code {
+                    #rule_from_code_match_arms
+                    _ => Err(FromCodeError::Unknown),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        impl DiagnosticKind {
+            /// The rule of the diagnostic.
+            pub fn rule(&self) -> &'static Rule {
+                match self { #diagkind_code_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            /// The body text for the diagnostic.
+            pub fn body(&self) -> String {
+                match self { #diagkind_body_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            /// Whether the diagnostic is (potentially) fixable.
+            pub fn fixable(&self) -> bool {
+                match self { #diagkind_fixable_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            /// The message used to describe the fix action for a given `DiagnosticKind`.
+            pub fn commit(&self) -> Option<String> {
+                match self { #diagkind_commit_match_arms }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #from_impls_for_diagkind
+
+        #rulecodeprefix
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_origin(ident: &Ident) -> Ident {
+    let ident = ident.to_string();
+    let mut iter = crate::prefixes::PREFIX_TO_ORIGIN.iter();
+    let origin = loop {
+        let (prefix, origin) = iter
+            .next()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("code doesn't start with any recognized prefix: {ident}"));
+        if ident.starts_with(prefix) {
+            break origin;
+        }
+    };
+    Ident::new(origin, Span::call_site())
+}
+pub struct Mapping {
+    entries: Vec<(Ident, Path, Ident)>,
+}
+
+impl Parse for Mapping {
+    fn parse(input: syn::parse::ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
+        let mut entries = Vec::new();
+        while !input.is_empty() {
+            let code: Ident = input.parse()?;
+            let _: Token![=>] = input.parse()?;
+            let path: Path = input.parse()?;
+            let name = path.segments.last().unwrap().ident.clone();
+            let _: Token![,] = input.parse()?;
+            entries.push((code, path, name));
+        }
+        Ok(Mapping { entries })
+    }
+}

ruff_macros/src/derive_message_formats.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use quote::{quote, quote_spanned, ToTokens};
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::{Block, Expr, ItemFn, Stmt};
+
+pub fn derive_message_formats(func: &ItemFn) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
+    let mut strings = quote!();
+
+    if let Err(err) = parse_block(&func.block, &mut strings) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    quote! {
+        #func
+        fn message_formats() -> &'static [&'static str] {
+            &[#strings]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_block(block: &Block, strings: &mut TokenStream) -> Result<(), TokenStream> {
+    let Some(Stmt::Expr(last)) = block.stmts.last() else {panic!("expected last statement in block to be an expression")};
+    parse_expr(last, strings)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_expr(expr: &Expr, strings: &mut TokenStream) -> Result<(), TokenStream> {
+    match expr {
+        Expr::Macro(mac) if mac.mac.path.is_ident("format") => {
+            let Some(first_token) = mac.mac.tokens.to_token_stream().into_iter().next() else {
+                return Err(quote_spanned!(expr.span() => compile_error!("expected format! to have an argument")))
+            };
+            strings.extend(quote! {#first_token,});
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Expr::Block(block) => parse_block(&block.block, strings),
+        Expr::If(expr) => {
+            parse_block(&expr.then_branch, strings)?;
+            if let Some((_, then)) = &expr.else_branch {
+                parse_expr(then, strings)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Expr::Match(block) => {
+            for arm in &block.arms {
+                parse_expr(&arm.body, strings)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        _ => Err(quote_spanned!(
+            expr.span() =>
+            compile_error!("expected last expression to be a format! macro or a match block")
+        )),
+    }
+}

ruff_macros/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//! This crate implements internal macros for the `ruff` library.
 #![allow(
     clippy::collapsible_else_if,
     clippy::collapsible_if,
@@ -12,11 +13,12 @@
 )]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
-use proc_macro2::Span;
-use quote::quote;
-use syn::{parse_macro_input, DeriveInput, Ident};
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use syn::{parse_macro_input, DeriveInput, ItemFn};
 
 mod config;
+mod define_rule_mapping;
+mod derive_message_formats;
 mod prefixes;
 mod rule_code_prefix;
 
@@ -29,31 +31,14 @@ pub fn derive_config(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream
         .into()
 }
 
-#[proc_macro_derive(RuleCodePrefix)]
-pub fn derive_rule_code_prefix(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
-    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
-
-    rule_code_prefix::derive_impl(input)
-        .unwrap_or_else(syn::Error::into_compile_error)
-        .into()
-}
-
 #[proc_macro]
-pub fn origin_by_code(item: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
-    let ident = parse_macro_input!(item as Ident).to_string();
-    let mut iter = prefixes::PREFIX_TO_ORIGIN.iter();
-    let origin = loop {
-        let (prefix, origin) = iter
-            .next()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("code doesn't start with any recognized prefix: {ident}"));
-        if ident.starts_with(prefix) {
-            break origin;
-        }
-    };
-    let prefix = Ident::new(origin, Span::call_site());
-
-    quote! {
-        RuleOrigin::#prefix
-    }
-    .into()
+pub fn define_rule_mapping(item: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
+    let mapping = parse_macro_input!(item as define_rule_mapping::Mapping);
+    define_rule_mapping::define_rule_mapping(&mapping).into()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn derive_message_formats(_attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let func = parse_macro_input!(item as ItemFn);
+    derive_message_formats::derive_message_formats(&func).into()
 }

ruff_macros/src/prefixes.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub const PREFIX_TO_ORIGIN: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     ("B", "Flake8Bugbear"),
     ("C4", "Flake8Comprehensions"),
     ("C9", "McCabe"),
+    ("COM", "Flake8Commas"),
     ("DTZ", "Flake8Datetimez"),
     ("D", "Pydocstyle"),
     ("ERA", "Eradicate"),

ruff_macros/src/rule_code_prefix.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use proc_macro2::Span;
 use quote::quote;
-use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
-use syn::token::Comma;
-use syn::{DataEnum, DeriveInput, Ident, Variant};
+use syn::Ident;
 
 const ALL: &str = "ALL";
 
@@ -86,43 +84,17 @@ pub static PREFIX_REDIRECTS: Lazy<HashMap<&'static str, &'static str>> = Lazy::n
     ])
 });
 
-pub fn derive_impl(input: DeriveInput) -> syn::Result<proc_macro2::TokenStream> {
-    let DeriveInput { ident, data, .. } = input;
-    let syn::Data::Enum(DataEnum { variants, .. }) = data else {
-        return Err(syn::Error::new(
-            ident.span(),
-            "Can only derive `RuleCodePrefix` from enums.",
-        ));
-    };
-
-    let prefix_ident = Ident::new(&format!("{ident}Prefix"), ident.span());
-    let prefix = expand(&ident, &prefix_ident, &variants);
-    let expanded = quote! {
-        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-        pub enum SuffixLength {
-            None,
-            Zero,
-            One,
-            Two,
-            Three,
-            Four,
-        }
-
-        #prefix
-    };
-    Ok(expanded)
-}
-
-fn expand(
-    ident: &Ident,
+pub fn expand<'a>(
+    rule_type: &Ident,
     prefix_ident: &Ident,
-    variants: &Punctuated<Variant, Comma>,
+    variants: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Ident>,
+    variant_name: impl Fn(&str) -> &'a Ident,
 ) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
     // Build up a map from prefix to matching RuleCodes.
     let mut prefix_to_codes: BTreeMap<Ident, BTreeSet<String>> = BTreeMap::default();
     for variant in variants {
-        let span = variant.ident.span();
-        let code_str = variant.ident.to_string();
+        let span = variant.span();
+        let code_str = variant.to_string();
         let code_prefix_len = code_str
             .chars()
             .take_while(|char| char.is_alphabetic())
@@ -158,7 +130,7 @@ fn expand(
         }
     });
 
-    let prefix_impl = generate_impls(ident, prefix_ident, &prefix_to_codes);
+    let prefix_impl = generate_impls(rule_type, prefix_ident, &prefix_to_codes, variant_name);
 
     let prefix_redirects = PREFIX_REDIRECTS.iter().map(|(alias, rule_code)| {
         let code = Ident::new(rule_code, Span::call_site());
@@ -168,6 +140,16 @@ fn expand(
     });
 
     quote! {
+        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+        pub enum SuffixLength {
+            None,
+            Zero,
+            One,
+            Two,
+            Three,
+            Four,
+        }
+
         #[derive(
             ::strum_macros::EnumString,
             ::strum_macros::AsRefStr,
@@ -196,16 +178,17 @@ fn expand(
     }
 }
 
-fn generate_impls(
-    ident: &Ident,
+fn generate_impls<'a>(
+    rule_type: &Ident,
     prefix_ident: &Ident,
     prefix_to_codes: &BTreeMap<Ident, BTreeSet<String>>,
+    variant_name: impl Fn(&str) -> &'a Ident,
 ) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
     let codes_match_arms = prefix_to_codes.iter().map(|(prefix, codes)| {
         let codes = codes.iter().map(|code| {
-            let code = Ident::new(code, Span::call_site());
+            let rule_variant = variant_name(code);
             quote! {
-                #ident::#code
+                #rule_type::#rule_variant
             }
         });
         let prefix_str = prefix.to_string();
@@ -265,7 +248,7 @@ fn generate_impls(
 
     quote! {
         impl #prefix_ident {
-            pub fn codes(&self) -> Vec<#ident> {
+            pub fn codes(&self) -> Vec<#rule_type> {
                 use colored::Colorize;
 
                 #[allow(clippy::match_same_arms)]

scripts/add_plugin.py

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ Example usage:
 
 import argparse
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 
-ROOT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+ROOT_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 
 def dir_name(plugin: str) -> str:
@@ -25,15 +26,16 @@ def pascal_case(plugin: str) -> str:
 def main(*, plugin: str, url: str) -> None:
     # Create the test fixture folder.
     os.makedirs(
-        os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"resources/test/fixtures/{dir_name(plugin)}"),
+        ROOT_DIR / "resources/test/fixtures" / dir_name(plugin),
         exist_ok=True,
     )
 
     # Create the Rust module.
-    os.makedirs(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"src/{dir_name(plugin)}"), exist_ok=True)
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"src/{dir_name(plugin)}/rules.rs"), "w+") as fp:
+    rust_module = ROOT_DIR / "src/rules" / dir_name(plugin)
+    os.makedirs(rust_module, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(rust_module / "rules.rs", "w+") as fp:
         fp.write("use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;\n")
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"src/{dir_name(plugin)}/mod.rs"), "w+") as fp:
+    with open(rust_module / "mod.rs", "w+") as fp:
         fp.write("pub(crate) mod rules;\n")
         fp.write("\n")
         fp.write(
@@ -45,11 +47,11 @@ mod tests {
     use anyhow::Result;
     use test_case::test_case;
 
-    use crate::registry::RuleCode;
+    use crate::registry::Rule;
     use crate::linter::test_path;
     use crate::settings;
 
-    fn rules(rule_code: RuleCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let diagnostics =test_path(
             Path::new("./resources/test/fixtures/%s")
@@ -65,15 +67,14 @@ mod tests {
             % dir_name(plugin)
         )
 
-    # Add the plugin to `lib.rs`.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/lib.rs"), "a") as fp:
-        fp.write(f"mod {dir_name(plugin)};")
+    # Add the plugin to `rules/mod.rs`.
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/rules/mod.rs", "a") as fp:
+        fp.write(f"pub mod {dir_name(plugin)};")
 
     # Add the relevant sections to `src/registry.rs`.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/registry.rs")) as fp:
-        content = fp.read()
+    content = (ROOT_DIR / "src/registry.rs").read_text()
 
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/registry.rs"), "w") as fp:
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/registry.rs", "w") as fp:
         for line in content.splitlines():
             if line.strip() == "// Ruff":
                 indent = line.split("// Ruff")[0]
@@ -108,10 +109,9 @@ mod tests {
             fp.write("\n")
 
     # Add the relevant section to `src/violations.rs`.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/violations.rs")) as fp:
-        content = fp.read()
+    content = (ROOT_DIR / "src/violations.rs").read_text()
 
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/violations.rs"), "w") as fp:
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/violations.rs", "w") as fp:
         for line in content.splitlines():
             if line.strip() == "// Ruff":
                 indent = line.split("// Ruff")[0]

scripts/add_rule.py

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ Example usage:
 
 import argparse
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 
-ROOT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+ROOT_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 
 def dir_name(origin: str) -> str:
@@ -32,27 +33,27 @@ def snake_case(name: str) -> str:
 def main(*, name: str, code: str, origin: str) -> None:
     # Create a test fixture.
     with open(
-        os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"resources/test/fixtures/{dir_name(origin)}/{code}.py"),
+        ROOT_DIR / "resources/test/fixtures" / dir_name(origin) / f"{code}.py",
         "a",
     ):
         pass
 
     # Add the relevant `#testcase` macro.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"src/{dir_name(origin)}/mod.rs")) as fp:
-        content = fp.read()
+    mod_rs = ROOT_DIR / "src/rules" / dir_name(origin) / "mod.rs"
+    content = mod_rs.read_text()
 
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"src/{dir_name(origin)}/mod.rs"), "w") as fp:
+    with open(mod_rs, "w") as fp:
         for line in content.splitlines():
-            if line.strip() == "fn rules(rule_code: RuleCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {":
-                indent = line.split("fn rules(rule_code: RuleCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {")[0]
-                fp.write(f'{indent}#[test_case(RuleCode::{code}, Path::new("{code}.py"); "{code}")]')
+            if line.strip() == "fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {":
+                indent = line.split("fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {")[0]
+                fp.write(f'{indent}#[test_case(Rule::{code}, Path::new("{code}.py"); "{code}")]')
                 fp.write("\n")
 
             fp.write(line)
             fp.write("\n")
 
     # Add the relevant rule function.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, f"src/{dir_name(origin)}/rules.rs"), "a") as fp:
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/rules" / dir_name(origin) / "rules.rs", "a") as fp:
         fp.write(
             f"""
 /// {code}
@@ -62,10 +63,9 @@ pub fn {snake_case(name)}(checker: &mut Checker) {{}}
         fp.write("\n")
 
     # Add the relevant struct to `src/violations.rs`.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/violations.rs")) as fp:
-        content = fp.read()
+    content = (ROOT_DIR / "src/violations.rs").read_text()
 
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/violations.rs"), "w") as fp:
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/violations.rs", "w") as fp:
         for line in content.splitlines():
             fp.write(line)
             fp.write("\n")
@@ -90,12 +90,11 @@ impl Violation for %s {
                 fp.write("\n")
 
     # Add the relevant code-to-violation pair to `src/registry.rs`.
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/registry.rs")) as fp:
-        content = fp.read()
+    content = (ROOT_DIR / "src/registry.rs").read_text()
 
     seen_macro = False
     has_written = False
-    with open(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "src/registry.rs"), "w") as fp:
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/registry.rs", "w") as fp:
         for line in content.splitlines():
             fp.write(line)
             fp.write("\n")

scripts/benchmarks/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# benchmarks
+
+Utilities for benchmarking Ruff.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+Run `./scripts/benchmarks/run.sh` to clone the benchmarking target (CPython).
+
+If you're looking to benchmark Ruff against other tools, you'll also need to run `poetry
+install` to create a virtual environment with the required dependencies.
+
+## Running Benchmarks
+
+Run `./scripts/benchmarks/run.sh` to run Ruff over the target repo (CPython). The
+`./scripts/benchmarks` folder contains a few other benchmarks (e.g., `scripts/benchmarks/run_comparisons.sh`
+compares Ruff to a variety of other tools).
+
+## Generating Plots
+
+The Vega specification for the benchmark plot depicted in the root README can be found at
+`scripts/benchmarks/graph-spec.json`. You can render this JSON spec in the [Vega Editor](https://vega.github.io/editor/#/edited).
+
+The images seen in the README are generated by exporting the rendered Vega spec as SVG (at around
+688px wide) and manually bolding the Ruff title and benchmark time. The dark mode variant is
+generated by changing the fill from `fill="#333333"` to `fill="#C9D1D9"`.

scripts/benchmarks/graph-spec.json

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v5.json",
+  "data": {
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "tool": "Ruff",
+        "time": 0.2943,
+        "timeFormat": "0.29s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Autoflake",
+        "time": 6.175,
+        "timeFormat": "6.18s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Flake8",
+        "time": 12.26,
+        "timeFormat": "12.26s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Pyflakes",
+        "time": 15.786,
+        "timeFormat": "15.79s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Pycodestyle",
+        "time": 46.921,
+        "timeFormat": "46.92s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Pylint",
+        "time": 62.0,
+        "timeFormat": "> 60s"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "params": [
+      {
+        "name": "defaultFont",
+        "value": "-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,\"Apple Color Emoji\",\"Segoe UI Emoji\""
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "titleColor",
+        "value": "#333333"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "labelColor",
+        "value": "#333333"
+      }
+    ],
+    "header": {
+      "labelFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFontWeight": 500
+    },
+    "text": {
+      "font": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "color": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      }
+    },
+    "mark": {
+      "font": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "color": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      }
+    },
+    "title": {
+      "font": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "subtitleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "fontWeight": 500
+    },
+    "axis": {
+      "labelColor": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      },
+      "labelFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFontWeight": 500,
+      "titleColor": {
+        "expr": "titleColor"
+      },
+      "titleFontSize": 12
+    },
+    "legend": {
+      "titleFontWeight": 500,
+      "titleColor": {
+        "expr": "titleColor"
+      },
+      "titleFontSize": 12,
+      "labelColor": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      },
+      "labelFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      }
+    },
+    "view": {
+      "stroke": null
+    },
+    "background": "transparent"
+  },
+  "background": "transparent",
+  "encoding": {
+    "y": {
+      "field": "tool",
+      "type": "nominal",
+      "axis": {
+        "grid": false,
+        "title": null,
+        "labelFontSize": 12,
+        "ticks": false,
+        "labelPadding": 10,
+        "domain": false
+      },
+      "sort": null
+    },
+    "x": {
+      "field": "time",
+      "type": "quantitative",
+      "axis": {
+        "title": null,
+        "labelExpr": "datum.value + 's'",
+        "tickCount": 3,
+        "tickSize": 0,
+        "labelPadding": 6,
+        "labelAlign": "center",
+        "labelFontSize": 12,
+        "tickColor": "rgba(127,127,127,0.25)",
+        "gridColor": "rgba(127,127,127,0.25)",
+        "domain": false
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "height": 140,
+  "width": "container",
+  "layer": [
+    {
+      "mark": "bar",
+      "encoding": {
+        "size": {
+          "value": 13
+        },
+        "color": {
+          "value": "#E15759"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "transform": [
+        {
+          "filter": "datum.tool !== 'ruff'"
+        }
+      ],
+      "mark": {
+        "type": "text",
+        "align": "left",
+        "baseline": "middle",
+        "dx": 6,
+        "fontSize": 12
+      },
+      "encoding": {
+        "text": {
+          "field": "timeFormat"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "transform": [
+        {
+          "filter": "datum.tool === 'ruff'"
+        }
+      ],
+      "mark": {
+        "type": "text",
+        "align": "left",
+        "baseline": "middle",
+        "dx": 6,
+        "fontSize": 12,
+        "fontWeight": "bold"
+      },
+      "encoding": {
+        "text": {
+          "field": "timeFormat"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

scripts/benchmarks/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+[tool.poetry]
+name = "scripts"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = ""
+authors = ["Charles Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = ">=3.10,<3.12"
+autoflake = "^2.0.0"
+flake8 = "^6.0.0"
+pycodestyle = "^2.10.0"
+pyflakes = "^3.0.1"
+pylint = "^2.15.10"
+black = "^22.12.0"
+isort = "^5.11.4"
+flake8-2020 = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-annotations = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-bandit = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-blind-except = { version = "*", optional = true }
+# flake8-boolean-trap = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-bugbear = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-builtins = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-commas = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-comprehensions = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-datetimez = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-debugger = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-docstrings = { version = "*", optional = true }
+# flake8-eradicate = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-errmsg = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-implicit-str-concat = { version = "*", optional = true }
+# flake8-import-conventions = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-isort = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-pie = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-print = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-quotes = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-return = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-simplify = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-super = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-tidy-imports = { version = "*", optional = true }
+pandas-vet = { version = "*", optional = true }
+pep8-naming = { version = "*", optional = true }
+
+[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
+
+[tool.poetry.extras]
+plugins = [
+  "flake8-2020",
+  "flake8-annotations",
+  "flake8-bandit",
+  "flake8-blind-except",
+  # "flake8-boolean-trap",
+  "flake8-bugbear",
+  "flake8-builtins",
+  "flake8-commas",
+  "flake8-comprehensions",
+  "flake8-datetimez",
+  "flake8-debugger",
+  "flake8-docstrings",
+  # "flake8-eradicate",
+  "flake8-errmsg",
+  "flake8-implicit-str-concat",
+  # "flake8-import-conventions",
+  "flake8-isort",
+  "flake8-pie",
+  "flake8-print",
+  "flake8-quotes",
+  "flake8-return",
+  "flake8-simplify",
+  "flake8-super",
+  "flake8-tidy-imports",
+  "pandas-vet",
+  "pep8-naming",
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

scripts/benchmarks/run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff on the CPython codebase.
+###
+
+cargo build --release && hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 10 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache"

scripts/benchmarks/run_all.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff's performance against a variety of similar tools, suppressing output as much as
+# possible (so as to reduce I/O overhead).
+###
+
+# Note: Flake8's `checker.py` requires the following variant of `mp_run`:
+#   def _mp_run(filename: str) -> tuple[str, Results, dict[str, int]]:
+#       try:
+#           return FileChecker(
+#               filename=filename, plugins=_mp_plugins, options=_mp_options
+#           ).run_checks()
+#       except:
+#           return (filename, [], {
+#               "files": 0,
+#               "logical lines": 0,
+#               "physical lines": 0,
+#               "tokens": 0,
+#           })
+
+hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --select ALL" \
+  "flake8 resources/test/cpython -qq --docstring-convention=all" \
+  "pycodestyle resources/test/cpython -qq" \
+  "pylint resources/test/cpython -j 0  --recursive=y --disable=E,W,C,R"

scripts/benchmarks/run_comparisons.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff's performance against a variety of similar tools.
+###
+
+hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache" \
+  "pyflakes resources/test/cpython" \
+  "autoflake --recursive --expand-star-imports --remove-all-unused-imports --remove-unused-variables --remove-duplicate-keys resources/test/cpython" \
+  "pycodestyle resources/test/cpython" \
+  "flake8 resources/test/cpython"

scripts/benchmarks/run_plugins.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark the incremental performance of each subsequent plugin.
+###
+
+cargo build --release && hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 10 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select C90" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select I" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select D" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select UP" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select N" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select YTT" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ANN" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select S" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select BLE" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select FBT" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select B" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select A" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select C4" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select T10" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select EM" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ISC" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ICN" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select T20" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PT" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select Q" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select RET" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select SIM" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select TID" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ARG" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select DTZ" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ERA" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PD" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PGH" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLC" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLE" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLR" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLW" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PIE" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select COM" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select RUF"

scripts/benchmarks/run_silent.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff's performance against a variety of similar tools, suppressing output as much as
+# possible (so as to reduce I/O overhead).
+###
+
+hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent" \
+  "pycodestyle resources/test/cpython -qq" \
+  "flake8 resources/test/cpython -qq" \
+  "pylint resources/test/cpython -j 0  --recursive=y --disable=E,W,C,R"

scripts/benchmarks/setup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Setup the CPython repository to enable benchmarking.
+###
+
+git clone --branch 3.10 https://github.com/python/cpython.git resources/test/cpython

scripts/poetry.lock

@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
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-
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-[package.dependencies]
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-
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-
-[[package]]
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-    {file = "wrapt-1.14.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:380a85cf89e0e69b7cfbe2ea9f765f004ff419f34194018a6827ac0e3edfed4d"},
-]
-
-[metadata]
-lock-version = "2.0"
-python-versions = ">=3.10,<3.11"
-content-hash = "959633dfe6335ab3f943a95c5fdd12ff1bb66cd03c5917704f10ae38d3a5009c"

scripts/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 120
-
-[tool.ruff]
-line-length = 120
-select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "C", "RET", "ANN", "UP"]
-target-version = "py310"
-
-[tool.poetry]
-name = "scripts"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = ""
-authors = ["Charles Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
-
-[tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = ">=3.10,<3.11"
-autoflake = "^1.4"
-flake8 = "^5.0.4"
-pycodestyle = "^2.9.1"
-pyflakes = "^2.5.0"
-pylint = "^2.15.0"
-
-[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
-
-[build-system]
-requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
-build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

scripts/run_flake8.py

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Wrapper around Flake8 to enable multiprocessing on all operating systems.
-
-As of Python 3.8, macOS's default "start method" for multiprocessing is `spawn`. Flake8
-requires a "start method" of `fork`, and disables multiprocessing if it detects `spawn`
-or some other "start method". This script enables the `fork` start method before passing
-along any command-line arguments to `flake8`.
-
-This has never caused me any problems, but note that they disabled this for a reason:
-Flake8's plugin interface doesn't work with `spawn`, and the maintainer says that `fork`
-is "pretty broken" on macOS.
-
-See:
-
-- https://github.com/pycqa/flake8/issues/955
-- https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/issues/1337
-- https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/issues/342
-- https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/pull/1621
-
-Example usage: python -m run_flake8 --select=E501 .
-"""
-import multiprocessing
-import sys
-
-from flake8.main import cli
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    multiprocessing.set_start_method("fork", force=True)
-    cli.main(sys.argv[1:])

src/ast/comparable.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-//! An equivalent object hierarchy to the `Expr` hierarchy, but with the ability
-//! to compare expressions for equality (via `Eq` and `Hash`).
+//! An equivalent object hierarchy to the [`Expr`] hierarchy, but with the
+//! ability to compare expressions for equality (via [`Eq`] and [`Hash`]).
 
 use num_bigint::BigInt;
 use rustpython_ast::{

src/ast/function_type.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn classify(
             checker.resolve_call_path(expr).map_or(false, |call_path| {
                 METACLASS_BASES
                     .iter()
-                    .any(|(module, member)| call_path == [*module, *member])
+                    .any(|(module, member)| call_path.as_slice() == [*module, *member])
             })
         })
         || decorator_list.iter().any(|expr| {

src/ast/helpers.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ use rustpython_ast::{
 use rustpython_parser::lexer;
 use rustpython_parser::lexer::Tok;
 use rustpython_parser::token::StringKind;
+use smallvec::smallvec;
 
-use crate::ast::types::{Binding, BindingKind, Range};
+use crate::ast::types::{Binding, BindingKind, CallPath, Range};
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
-use crate::source_code::{Generator, Locator, Stylist};
+use crate::source_code::{Generator, Indexer, Locator, Stylist};
 
 /// Create an `Expr` with default location from an `ExprKind`.
 pub fn create_expr(node: ExprKind) -> Expr {
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ pub fn unparse_stmt(stmt: &Stmt, stylist: &Stylist) -> String {
     generator.generate()
 }
 
-fn collect_call_path_inner<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, parts: &mut Vec<&'a str>) {
+fn collect_call_path_inner<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, parts: &mut CallPath<'a>) {
     match &expr.node {
         ExprKind::Call { func, .. } => {
             collect_call_path_inner(func, parts);
@@ -55,9 +56,9 @@ fn collect_call_path_inner<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, parts: &mut Vec<&'a str>) {
     }
 }
 
-/// Convert an `Expr` to its call path segments (like ["typing", "List"]).
-pub fn collect_call_path(expr: &Expr) -> Vec<&str> {
-    let mut segments = vec![];
+/// Convert an `Expr` to its [`CallPath`] segments (like `["typing", "List"]`).
+pub fn collect_call_path(expr: &Expr) -> CallPath {
+    let mut segments = smallvec![];
     collect_call_path_inner(expr, &mut segments);
     segments
 }
@@ -90,7 +91,47 @@ pub fn contains_call_path(checker: &Checker, expr: &Expr, target: &[&str]) -> bo
     any_over_expr(expr, &|expr| {
         checker
             .resolve_call_path(expr)
-            .map_or(false, |call_path| call_path == target)
+            .map_or(false, |call_path| call_path.as_slice() == target)
+    })
+}
+
+/// Return `true` if the `Expr` contains an expression that appears to include a
+/// side-effect (like a function call).
+pub fn contains_effect(checker: &Checker, expr: &Expr) -> bool {
+    any_over_expr(expr, &|expr| {
+        // Accept empty initializers.
+        if let ExprKind::Call {
+            func,
+            args,
+            keywords,
+        } = &expr.node
+        {
+            if args.is_empty() && keywords.is_empty() {
+                if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
+                    let is_empty_initializer = (id == "set"
+                        || id == "list"
+                        || id == "tuple"
+                        || id == "dict"
+                        || id == "frozenset")
+                        && checker.is_builtin(id);
+                    return !is_empty_initializer;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, avoid all complex expressions.
+        matches!(
+            expr.node,
+            ExprKind::Await { .. }
+                | ExprKind::Call { .. }
+                | ExprKind::DictComp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::ListComp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::SetComp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::Subscript { .. }
+                | ExprKind::Yield { .. }
+                | ExprKind::YieldFrom { .. }
+        )
     })
 }
 
@@ -197,7 +238,7 @@ where
 
 static DUNDER_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"__[^\s]+__").unwrap());
 
-/// Return `true` if the `Stmt` is an assignment to a dunder (like `__all__`).
+/// Return `true` if the [`Stmt`] is an assignment to a dunder (like `__all__`).
 pub fn is_assignment_to_a_dunder(stmt: &Stmt) -> bool {
     // Check whether it's an assignment to a dunder, with or without a type
     // annotation. This is what pycodestyle (as of 2.9.1) does.
@@ -219,7 +260,7 @@ pub fn is_assignment_to_a_dunder(stmt: &Stmt) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-/// Return `true` if the `Expr` is a singleton (`None`, `True`, `False`, or
+/// Return `true` if the [`Expr`] is a singleton (`None`, `True`, `False`, or
 /// `...`).
 pub fn is_singleton(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     matches!(
@@ -231,7 +272,7 @@ pub fn is_singleton(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     )
 }
 
-/// Return `true` if the `Expr` is a constant or tuple of constants.
+/// Return `true` if the [`Expr`] is a constant or tuple of constants.
 pub fn is_constant(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     match &expr.node {
         ExprKind::Constant { .. } => true,
@@ -240,13 +281,13 @@ pub fn is_constant(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-/// Return `true` if the `Expr` is a non-singleton constant.
+/// Return `true` if the [`Expr`] is a non-singleton constant.
 pub fn is_constant_non_singleton(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     is_constant(expr) && !is_singleton(expr)
 }
 
-/// Return the `Keyword` with the given name, if it's present in the list of
-/// `Keyword` arguments.
+/// Return the [`Keyword`] with the given name, if it's present in the list of
+/// [`Keyword`] arguments.
 pub fn find_keyword<'a>(keywords: &'a [Keyword], keyword_name: &str) -> Option<&'a Keyword> {
     keywords.iter().find(|keyword| {
         let KeywordData { arg, .. } = &keyword.node;
@@ -254,7 +295,7 @@ pub fn find_keyword<'a>(keywords: &'a [Keyword], keyword_name: &str) -> Option<&
     })
 }
 
-/// Return `true` if an `Expr` is `None`.
+/// Return `true` if an [`Expr`] is `None`.
 pub fn is_const_none(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     matches!(
         &expr.node,
@@ -274,7 +315,9 @@ pub fn has_non_none_keyword(keywords: &[Keyword], keyword: &str) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// Extract the names of all handled exceptions.
-pub fn extract_handler_names(handlers: &[Excepthandler]) -> Vec<Vec<&str>> {
+pub fn extract_handler_names(handlers: &[Excepthandler]) -> Vec<CallPath> {
+    // TODO(charlie): Use `resolve_call_path` to avoid false positives for
+    // overridden builtins.
     let mut handler_names = vec![];
     for handler in handlers {
         match &handler.node {
@@ -322,10 +365,9 @@ pub fn collect_arg_names<'a>(arguments: &'a Arguments) -> FxHashSet<&'a str> {
 }
 
 /// Returns `true` if a statement or expression includes at least one comment.
-pub fn has_comments<T>(located: &Located<T>, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
-    lexer::make_tokenizer(&locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(located)))
-        .flatten()
-        .any(|(_, tok, _)| matches!(tok, Tok::Comment(..)))
+pub fn has_comments_in(range: Range, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
+    lexer::make_tokenizer(&locator.slice_source_code_range(&range))
+        .any(|result| result.map_or(false, |(_, tok, _)| matches!(tok, Tok::Comment(..))))
 }
 
 /// Returns `true` if a call is an argumented `super` invocation.
@@ -377,11 +419,11 @@ pub fn format_import_from_member(
 }
 
 /// Split a target string (like `typing.List`) into (`typing`, `List`).
-pub fn to_call_path(target: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+pub fn to_call_path(target: &str) -> CallPath {
     if target.contains('.') {
         target.split('.').collect()
     } else {
-        vec!["", target]
+        smallvec!["", target]
     }
 }
 
@@ -426,7 +468,7 @@ pub fn match_trailing_content(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
 /// Return the number of trailing empty lines following a statement.
 pub fn count_trailing_lines(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> usize {
     let suffix =
-        locator.slice_source_code_at(&Location::new(stmt.end_location.unwrap().row() + 1, 0));
+        locator.slice_source_code_at(Location::new(stmt.end_location.unwrap().row() + 1, 0));
     suffix
         .lines()
         .take_while(|line| line.trim().is_empty())
@@ -601,31 +643,62 @@ pub fn else_range(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> Option<Range> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Return `true` if a `Stmt` appears to be part of a multi-statement line, with
-/// other statements preceding it.
-pub fn preceded_by_continuation(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
-    // Does the previous line end in a continuation? This will have a specific
-    // false-positive, which is that if the previous line ends in a comment, it
-    // will be treated as a continuation. So we should only use this information to
-    // make conservative choices.
-    // TODO(charlie): Come up with a more robust strategy.
-    if stmt.location.row() > 1 {
-        let range = Range::new(
-            Location::new(stmt.location.row() - 1, 0),
-            Location::new(stmt.location.row(), 0),
-        );
-        let line = locator.slice_source_code_range(&range);
-        if line.trim_end().ends_with('\\') {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    false
+/// Return the `Range` of the first `Tok::Colon` token in a `Range`.
+pub fn first_colon_range(range: Range, locator: &Locator) -> Option<Range> {
+    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_range(&range);
+    let range = lexer::make_tokenizer_located(&contents, range.location)
+        .flatten()
+        .find(|(_, kind, _)| matches!(kind, Tok::Colon))
+        .map(|(location, _, end_location)| Range {
+            location,
+            end_location,
+        });
+    range
+}
+
+/// Return the `Range` of the first `Elif` or `Else` token in an `If` statement.
+pub fn elif_else_range(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> Option<Range> {
+    let StmtKind::If { body, orelse, .. } = &stmt.node else {
+        return None;
+    };
+
+    let start = body
+        .last()
+        .expect("Expected body to be non-empty")
+        .end_location
+        .unwrap();
+    let end = match &orelse[..] {
+        [Stmt {
+            node: StmtKind::If { test, .. },
+            ..
+        }] => test.location,
+        [stmt, ..] => stmt.location,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::new(start, end));
+    let range = lexer::make_tokenizer_located(&contents, start)
+        .flatten()
+        .find(|(_, kind, _)| matches!(kind, Tok::Elif | Tok::Else))
+        .map(|(location, _, end_location)| Range {
+            location,
+            end_location,
+        });
+    range
 }
 
 /// Return `true` if a `Stmt` appears to be part of a multi-statement line, with
 /// other statements preceding it.
-pub fn preceded_by_multi_statement_line(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
-    match_leading_content(stmt, locator) || preceded_by_continuation(stmt, locator)
+pub fn preceded_by_continuation(stmt: &Stmt, indexer: &Indexer) -> bool {
+    stmt.location.row() > 1
+        && indexer
+            .continuation_lines()
+            .contains(&(stmt.location.row() - 1))
+}
+
+/// Return `true` if a `Stmt` appears to be part of a multi-statement line, with
+/// other statements preceding it.
+pub fn preceded_by_multi_statement_line(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator, indexer: &Indexer) -> bool {
+    match_leading_content(stmt, locator) || preceded_by_continuation(stmt, indexer)
 }
 
 /// Return `true` if a `Stmt` appears to be part of a multi-statement line, with
@@ -696,7 +769,6 @@ impl<'a> SimpleCallArgs<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Get the number of positional and keyword arguments used.
-    #[allow(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.args.len() + self.kwargs.len()
     }
@@ -708,7 +780,9 @@ mod tests {
     use rustpython_ast::Location;
     use rustpython_parser::parser;
 
-    use crate::ast::helpers::{else_range, identifier_range, match_trailing_content};
+    use crate::ast::helpers::{
+        elif_else_range, else_range, first_colon_range, identifier_range, match_trailing_content,
+    };
     use crate::ast::types::Range;
     use crate::source_code::Locator;
 
@@ -839,4 +913,54 @@ else:
         assert_eq!(range.end_location.column(), 4);
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_first_colon_range() {
+        let contents = "with a: pass";
+        let locator = Locator::new(contents);
+        let range = first_colon_range(
+            Range::new(Location::new(1, 0), Location::new(1, contents.len())),
+            &locator,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(range.location.row(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(range.location.column(), 6);
+        assert_eq!(range.end_location.row(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(range.end_location.column(), 7);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_elif_else_range() -> Result<()> {
+        let contents = "
+if a:
+    ...
+elif b:
+    ...
+"
+        .trim_start();
+        let program = parser::parse_program(contents, "<filename>")?;
+        let stmt = program.first().unwrap();
+        let locator = Locator::new(contents);
+        let range = elif_else_range(stmt, &locator).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(range.location.row(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(range.location.column(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(range.end_location.row(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(range.end_location.column(), 4);
+        let contents = "
+if a:
+    ...
+else:
+    ...
+"
+        .trim_start();
+        let program = parser::parse_program(contents, "<filename>")?;
+        let stmt = program.first().unwrap();
+        let locator = Locator::new(contents);
+        let range = elif_else_range(stmt, &locator).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(range.location.row(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(range.location.column(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(range.end_location.row(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(range.end_location.column(), 4);
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

src/ast/operations.rs

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for GlobalVisitor<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Extract a map from global name to its last-defining `Stmt`.
+/// Extract a map from global name to its last-defining [`Stmt`].
 pub fn extract_globals(body: &[Stmt]) -> FxHashMap<&str, &Stmt> {
     let mut visitor = GlobalVisitor::default();
     for stmt in body {
@@ -197,12 +197,12 @@ pub fn is_unpacking_assignment(parent: &Stmt, child: &Expr) -> bool {
 
 pub type LocatedCmpop<U = ()> = Located<Cmpop, U>;
 
-/// Extract all `Cmpop` operators from a source code snippet, with appropriate
+/// Extract all [`Cmpop`] operators from a source code snippet, with appropriate
 /// ranges.
 ///
-/// `RustPython` doesn't include line and column information on `Cmpop` nodes.
+/// `RustPython` doesn't include line and column information on [`Cmpop`] nodes.
 /// `CPython` doesn't either. This method iterates over the token stream and
-/// re-identifies `Cmpop` nodes, annotating them with valid ranges.
+/// re-identifies [`Cmpop`] nodes, annotating them with valid ranges.
 pub fn locate_cmpops(contents: &str) -> Vec<LocatedCmpop> {
     let mut tok_iter = lexer::make_tokenizer(contents).flatten().peekable();
     let mut ops: Vec<LocatedCmpop> = vec![];

src/ast/types.rs

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub enum BindingKind<'a> {
 pub struct Binding<'a> {
     pub kind: BindingKind<'a>,
     pub range: Range,
-    /// The statement in which the `Binding` was defined.
+    /// The statement in which the [`Binding`] was defined.
     pub source: Option<RefEquality<'a, Stmt>>,
     /// Tuple of (scope index, range) indicating the scope and range at which
     /// the binding was last used.
@@ -242,3 +242,5 @@ impl<'a> From<&RefEquality<'a, Expr>> for &'a Expr {
         r.0
     }
 }
+
+pub type CallPath<'a> = smallvec::SmallVec<[&'a str; 8]>;

src/ast/whitespace.rs

@@ -4,15 +4,20 @@ use std::str::Lines;
 use rustpython_ast::{Located, Location};
 
 use crate::ast::types::Range;
-use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+use crate::source_code::Locator;
 
 /// Extract the leading indentation from a line.
-pub fn indentation<'a, T>(checker: &'a Checker, located: &'a Located<T>) -> Cow<'a, str> {
+pub fn indentation<'a, T>(locator: &'a Locator, located: &'a Located<T>) -> Option<Cow<'a, str>> {
     let range = Range::from_located(located);
-    checker.locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::new(
+    let indentation = locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::new(
         Location::new(range.location.row(), 0),
         Location::new(range.location.row(), range.location.column()),
-    ))
+    ));
+    if indentation.chars().all(char::is_whitespace) {
+        Some(indentation)
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
 }
 
 /// Extract the leading words from a line of text.

src/autofix/helpers.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use crate::ast::whitespace::LinesWithTrailingNewline;
 use crate::cst::helpers::compose_module_path;
 use crate::cst::matchers::match_module;
 use crate::fix::Fix;
-use crate::source_code::Locator;
+use crate::source_code::{Indexer, Locator};
 
 /// Determine if a body contains only a single statement, taking into account
 /// deleted.
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn is_lone_child(child: &Stmt, parent: &Stmt, deleted: &[&Stmt]) -> Result<bool>
 /// Return the location of a trailing semicolon following a `Stmt`, if it's part
 /// of a multi-statement line.
 fn trailing_semicolon(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> Option<Location> {
-    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_at(&stmt.end_location.unwrap());
+    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_at(stmt.end_location.unwrap());
     for (row, line) in LinesWithTrailingNewline::from(&contents).enumerate() {
         let trimmed = line.trim();
         if trimmed.starts_with(';') {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn trailing_semicolon(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> Option<Location> {
 /// Find the next valid break for a `Stmt` after a semicolon.
 fn next_stmt_break(semicolon: Location, locator: &Locator) -> Location {
     let start_location = Location::new(semicolon.row(), semicolon.column() + 1);
-    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_at(&start_location);
+    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_at(start_location);
     for (row, line) in LinesWithTrailingNewline::from(&contents).enumerate() {
         let trimmed = line.trim();
         // Skip past any continuations.
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ fn next_stmt_break(semicolon: Location, locator: &Locator) -> Location {
 
 /// Return `true` if a `Stmt` occurs at the end of a file.
 fn is_end_of_file(stmt: &Stmt, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
-    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_at(&stmt.end_location.unwrap());
+    let contents = locator.slice_source_code_at(stmt.end_location.unwrap());
     contents.is_empty()
 }
 
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ pub fn delete_stmt(
     parent: Option<&Stmt>,
     deleted: &[&Stmt],
     locator: &Locator,
+    indexer: &Indexer,
 ) -> Result<Fix> {
     if parent
         .map(|parent| is_lone_child(stmt, parent, deleted))
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ pub fn delete_stmt(
             Fix::deletion(stmt.location, next)
         } else if helpers::match_leading_content(stmt, locator) {
             Fix::deletion(stmt.location, stmt.end_location.unwrap())
-        } else if helpers::preceded_by_continuation(stmt, locator) {
+        } else if helpers::preceded_by_continuation(stmt, indexer) {
             if is_end_of_file(stmt, locator) && stmt.location.column() == 0 {
                 // Special-case: a file can't end in a continuation.
                 Fix::replacement("\n".to_string(), stmt.location, stmt.end_location.unwrap())
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ pub fn remove_unused_imports<'a>(
     parent: Option<&Stmt>,
     deleted: &[&Stmt],
     locator: &Locator,
+    indexer: &Indexer,
 ) -> Result<Fix> {
     let module_text = locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(stmt));
     let mut tree = match_module(&module_text)?;
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ pub fn remove_unused_imports<'a>(
                 if !found_star {
                     bail!("Expected \'*\' for unused import");
                 }
-                return delete_stmt(stmt, parent, deleted, locator);
+                return delete_stmt(stmt, parent, deleted, locator, indexer);
             } else {
                 bail!("Expected: ImportNames::Aliases | ImportNames::Star");
             }
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ pub fn remove_unused_imports<'a>(
     }
 
     if aliases.is_empty() {
-        delete_stmt(stmt, parent, deleted, locator)
+        delete_stmt(stmt, parent, deleted, locator, indexer)
     } else {
         let mut state = CodegenState::default();
         tree.codegen(&mut state);

src/autofix/mod.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn apply_fixes<'a>(
     }
 
     // Add the remaining content.
-    let slice = locator.slice_source_code_at(&last_pos);
+    let slice = locator.slice_source_code_at(last_pos);
     output.append(&slice);
 
     (Cow::from(output.finish()), num_fixed)

src/checkers/filesystem.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, Rule};
+use crate::rules::flake8_no_pep420::rules::implicit_namespace_package;
+use crate::settings::Settings;
+
+pub fn check_file_path(path: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> Vec<Diagnostic> {
+    let mut diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic> = vec![];
+
+    // flake8-no-pep420
+    if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::ImplicitNamespacePackage) {
+        if let Some(diagnostic) = implicit_namespace_package(path) {
+            diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+        }
+    }
+
+    diagnostics
+}