Only fix true-false returns for return-bool-condition-directly (#2037 )

Closes #2035.
Fix D404 NoThisPrefix not working with whitespace. (#2036 )
2023-01-20 13:17:19 -05:00 · 2023-01-20 13:01:31 -05:00 · 2023-01-20 09:58:56 -05:00 · 2023-01-20 09:57:48 -05:00 · 2023-01-20 09:23:28 -05:00 · 2023-01-20 09:09:02 -05:00
345 changed files with 14353 additions and 8659 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
        with:
          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly-2022-11-01
+          toolchain: 1.65.0
          override: true
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
      - run: cargo install cargo-insta
@@ -84,6 +84,21 @@ jobs:
      # Setting RUSTDOCFLAGS because `cargo doc --check` isn't yet implemented (https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10025).
      - run: RUSTDOCFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo doc --all --no-deps

+  scripts:
+    name: "test scripts"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          profile: minimal
+          override: true
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
+      - run: ./scripts/add_rule.py --name DoTheThing --code PLC999 --origin pylint
+      - run: cargo check
+      - run: ./scripts/add_plugin.py test --url https://pypi.org/project/-test/0.1.0/
+      - run: cargo check
+
 # TODO(charlie): Re-enable the `wasm-pack` tests.
 # See: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/issues/1425
 #  wasm-pack-test:
@@ -122,7 +137,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
        with:
          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly-2022-11-01
+          toolchain: 1.65.0
          override: true
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
--- a/.github/workflows/ruff.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruff.yaml
@@ -293,3 +293,6 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          pip install --upgrade twine
          twine upload --skip-existing *
+      - name: Update pre-commit mirror
+        run: |
+          curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.RUFF_PRE_COMMIT_PAT }}" -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" https://api.github.com/repos/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit/dispatches --data '{"event_type": "pypi_release"}'
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.223
+    rev: v0.0.228
    hooks:
      - id: ruff

@@ -8,3 +8,11 @@ repos:
    rev: v0.10.1
    hooks:
      - id: validate-pyproject
+
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: cargo-fmt
+        name: cargo fmt
+        entry: cargo fmt --
+        language: rust
+        types: [rust]
--- a/BREAKING_CHANGES.md
+++ b/BREAKING_CHANGES.md
@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # Breaking Changes

+## 0.0.226
+
+### `misplaced-comparison-constant` (`PLC2201`) was deprecated in favor of `SIM300` ([#1980](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1980))
+
+These two rules contain (nearly) identical logic. To deduplicate the rule set, we've upgraded
+`SIM300` to handle a few more cases, and deprecated `PLC2201` in favor of `SIM300`.
+
+## 0.0.225
+
+### `@functools.cache` rewrites have been moved to a standalone rule (`UP033`) ([#1938](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1938))
+
+Previously, `UP011` handled both `@functools.lru_cache()`-to-`@functools.lru_cache` conversions,
+_and_ `@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)`-to-`@functools.cache` conversions. The latter has been
+moved out to its own rule (`UP033`). As such, some `# noqa: UP011` comments may need to be updated
+to reflect the change in rule code.
+
 ## 0.0.222

 ### `--max-complexity` has been removed from the CLI ([#1877](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/pull/1877))
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -37,13 +37,16 @@ After cloning the repository, run Ruff locally with:
 cargo run resources/test/fixtures --no-cache
 ```

-Prior to opening a pull request, ensure that your code has been auto-formatted, and that it passes
-both the lint and test validation checks:
+Prior to opening a pull request, ensure that your code has been auto-formatted,
+and that it passes both the lint and test validation checks.
+
+For rustfmt and Clippy, we use [nightly Rust][nightly], as it is stricter than stable Rust.
+(However, tests and builds use stable Rust.)

 ```shell
 cargo +nightly fmt --all     # Auto-formatting...
-cargo +nightly clippy --all  # Linting...
-cargo +nightly test --all    # Testing...
+cargo +nightly clippy --fix --workspace --all-targets --all-features -- -W clippy::pedantic  # Linting...
+cargo test --all    # Testing...
 ```

 These checks will run on GitHub Actions when you open your Pull Request, but running them locally
@@ -54,18 +57,22 @@ prior to merging.

 ### Example: Adding a new lint rule

-There are four phases to adding a new lint rule:
+At a high level, the steps involved in adding a new lint rule are as follows:

-1. Define the violation struct in `src/violations.rs` (e.g., `ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile`).
-2. Map the violation struct to a rule code in `src/registry.rs` (e.g., `E402`).
-3. Define the logic for triggering the violation in `src/checkers/ast.rs` (for AST-based checks),
-   `src/checkers/tokens.rs` (for token-based checks), or `src/checkers/lines.rs` (for text-based checks).
-4. Add a test fixture.
-5. Update the generated files (documentation and generated code).
+1. Create a file for your rule (e.g., `src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/abstract_base_class.rs`).
+2. In that file, define a violation struct. You can grep for `define_violation!` to see examples.
+3. Map the violation struct to a rule code in `src/registry.rs` (e.g., `E402`).
+4. Define the logic for triggering the violation in `src/checkers/ast.rs` (for AST-based checks),
+   `src/checkers/tokens.rs` (for token-based checks), `src/checkers/lines.rs` (for text-based
+   checks), or `src/checkers/filesystem.rs` (for filesystem-based checks).
+5. Add a test fixture.
+6. Update the generated files (documentation and generated code).

-To define the violation, open up `src/violations.rs`, and define a new struct using the
-`define_violation!` macro. There are plenty of examples in that file, so feel free to pattern-match
-against the existing structs.
+To define the violation, start by creating a dedicated file for your rule under the appropriate
+rule origin (e.g., `src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/abstract_base_class.rs`). That file should
+contain a struct defined via `define_violation!`, along with a function that creates the violation
+based on any required inputs. (Many of the existing examples live in `src/violations.rs`, but we're
+looking to place new rules in their own files.)

 To trigger the violation, you'll likely want to augment the logic in `src/checkers/ast.rs`, which
 defines the Python AST visitor, responsible for iterating over the abstract syntax tree and
@@ -123,3 +130,5 @@ them to [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/).

 Ruff follows the [semver](https://semver.org/) versioning standard. However, as pre-1.0 software,
 even patch releases may contain [non-backwards-compatible changes](https://semver.org/#spec-item-4).
+
+[nightly]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/concepts/channels.html#working-with-nightly-rust
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.8",
+ "getrandom",
 "once_cell",
 "version_check",
 ]
@@ -197,12 +197,6 @@ version = "1.0.78"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a20104e2335ce8a659d6dd92a51a767a0c062599c73b343fd152cb401e828c3d"

-[[package]]
-name = "cfg-if"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4785bdd1c96b2a846b2bd7cc02e86b6b3dbf14e7e53446c4f54c92a361040822"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -413,7 +407,7 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a06aeb73f470f66dcdbf7223caeebb85984942f22f1adb2a088cf9668146bbbc"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "wasm-bindgen",
 ]

@@ -439,7 +433,7 @@ version = "1.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b540bd8bc810d3885c6ea91e2018302f68baba2129ab3e88f32389ee9370880d"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -484,7 +478,7 @@ version = "0.5.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2dd04ddaf88237dc3b8d8f9a3c1004b506b54b3313403944054d23c0870c521"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]

@@ -494,7 +488,7 @@ version = "0.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "715e8152b692bba2d374b53d4875445368fdf21a94751410af607a5ac677d1fc"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "crossbeam-epoch",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
@@ -506,7 +500,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "01a9af1f4c2ef74bb8aa1f7e19706bc72d03598c8a570bb5de72243c7a9d9d5a"
 dependencies = [
 "autocfg",
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 "memoffset",
 "scopeguard",
@@ -518,7 +512,7 @@ version = "0.8.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4fb766fa798726286dbbb842f174001dab8abc7b627a1dd86e0b7222a95d929f"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -592,16 +586,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "dirs-sys",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "dirs"
-version = "2.0.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "13aea89a5c93364a98e9b37b2fa237effbb694d5cfe01c5b70941f7eb087d5e3"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
- "dirs-sys",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs"
 version = "4.0.0"
@@ -617,7 +601,7 @@ version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b98cf8ebf19c3d1b223e151f99a4f9f0690dca41414773390fc824184ac833e1"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "dirs-sys-next",
 ]

@@ -721,7 +705,7 @@ version = "0.2.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4e884668cd0c7480504233e951174ddc3b382f7c2666e3b7310b5c4e7b0c37f9"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "libc",
 "redox_syscall",
 "windows-sys",
@@ -735,7 +719,7 @@ checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"

 [[package]]
 name = "flake8-to-ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "clap 4.0.32",
@@ -786,24 +770,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.1.16"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fc3cb4d91f53b50155bdcfd23f6a4c39ae1969c2ae85982b135750cccaf5fce"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "libc",
- "wasi 0.9.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c05aeb6a22b8f62540c194aac980f2115af067bfe15a0734d7277a768d396b31"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "js-sys",
 "libc",
 "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
@@ -926,6 +899,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi-util",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "imperative"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f92123bf2fe0d9f1b5df1964727b970ca3b2d0203d47cf97fb1f36d856b6398"
+dependencies = [
+ "phf 0.11.1",
+ "rust-stemmers",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "1.9.2"
@@ -976,7 +959,7 @@ version = "0.1.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7a5bbe824c507c5da5956355e86a746d82e0e1464f65d862cc5e71da70e94b2c"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1186,7 +1169,7 @@ version = "0.4.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "abb12e687cfb44aa40f41fc3978ef76448f9b6038cad6aef4259d3c095a2382e"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1265,7 +1248,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46a58d1d356c6597d08cde02c2f09d785b09e28711837b1ed667dc652c08a694"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags",
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "libc",
 "static_assertions",
 ]
@@ -1419,7 +1402,7 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7ff9f3fef3968a3ec5945535ed654cb38ff72d7495a25619e2247fb15a2ed9ba"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "libc",
 "redox_syscall",
 "smallvec",
@@ -1493,15 +1476,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "indexmap",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "phf"
-version = "0.8.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3dfb61232e34fcb633f43d12c58f83c1df82962dcdfa565a4e866ffc17dafe12"
-dependencies = [
- "phf_shared 0.8.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
 version = "0.10.1"
@@ -1512,13 +1486,12 @@ dependencies = [
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "phf_codegen"
-version = "0.8.0"
+name = "phf"
+version = "0.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cbffee61585b0411840d3ece935cce9cb6321f01c45477d30066498cd5e1a815"
+checksum = "928c6535de93548188ef63bb7c4036bd415cd8f36ad25af44b9789b2ee72a48c"
 dependencies = [
- "phf_generator 0.8.0",
- "phf_shared 0.8.0",
+ "phf_shared 0.11.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1532,13 +1505,13 @@ dependencies = [
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.8.0"
+name = "phf_codegen"
+version = "0.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "17367f0cc86f2d25802b2c26ee58a7b23faeccf78a396094c13dced0d0182526"
+checksum = "a56ac890c5e3ca598bbdeaa99964edb5b0258a583a9eb6ef4e89fc85d9224770"
 dependencies = [
- "phf_shared 0.8.0",
- "rand 0.7.3",
+ "phf_generator 0.11.1",
+ "phf_shared 0.11.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1548,16 +1521,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5d5285893bb5eb82e6aaf5d59ee909a06a16737a8970984dd7746ba9283498d6"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_shared 0.10.0",
- "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand",
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "phf_shared"
-version = "0.8.0"
+name = "phf_generator"
+version = "0.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c00cf8b9eafe68dde5e9eaa2cef8ee84a9336a47d566ec55ca16589633b65af7"
+checksum = "b1181c94580fa345f50f19d738aaa39c0ed30a600d95cb2d3e23f94266f14fbf"
 dependencies = [
- "siphasher",
+ "phf_shared 0.11.1",
+ "rand",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1569,6 +1543,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "siphasher",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "phf_shared"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1fb5f6f826b772a8d4c0394209441e7d37cbbb967ae9c7e0e8134365c9ee676"
+dependencies = [
+ "siphasher",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pico-args"
 version = "0.4.2"
@@ -1724,20 +1707,6 @@ version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dc33ff2d4973d518d823d61aa239014831e521c75da58e3df4840d3f47749d09"

-[[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.7.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a6b1679d49b24bbfe0c803429aa1874472f50d9b363131f0e89fc356b544d03"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.16",
- "libc",
- "rand_chacha 0.2.2",
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
- "rand_hc",
- "rand_pcg",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.5"
@@ -1745,18 +1714,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
 dependencies = [
 "libc",
- "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f4c8ed856279c9737206bf725bf36935d8666ead7aa69b52be55af369d193402"
-dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1766,16 +1725,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
 "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90bde5296fc891b0cef12a6d03ddccc162ce7b2aff54160af9338f8d40df6d19"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.16",
+ "rand_core",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1784,25 +1734,7 @@ version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.8",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_hc"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca3129af7b92a17112d59ad498c6f81eaf463253766b90396d39ea7a39d6613c"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_pcg"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "16abd0c1b639e9eb4d7c50c0b8100b0d0f849be2349829c740fe8e6eb4816429"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
+ "getrandom",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1842,7 +1774,7 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b033d837a7cf162d7993aded9304e30a83213c648b6e389db233191f891e5c2b"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.8",
+ "getrandom",
 "redox_syscall",
 "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -1906,23 +1838,24 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "bitflags",
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "chrono",
 "clap 4.0.32",
 "colored",
 "console_error_panic_hook",
 "console_log",
 "criterion",
- "dirs 4.0.0",
+ "dirs",
 "fern",
- "getrandom 0.2.8",
+ "getrandom",
 "glob",
 "globset",
 "ignore",
+ "imperative",
 "insta",
 "itertools",
 "js-sys",
@@ -1946,10 +1879,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 "serde-wasm-bindgen",
 "shellexpand",
+ "smallvec",
 "strum",
 "strum_macros",
 "test-case",
 "textwrap",
+ "thiserror",
 "titlecase",
 "toml_edit",
 "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -1958,7 +1893,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_cli"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "annotate-snippets 0.9.1",
 "anyhow",
@@ -1995,7 +1930,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_dev"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "clap 4.0.32",
@@ -2016,7 +1951,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_macros"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "once_cell",
 "proc-macro2",
@@ -2025,6 +1960,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "textwrap",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "rust-stemmers"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e46a2036019fdb888131db7a4c847a1063a7493f971ed94ea82c67eada63ca54"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -2060,7 +2005,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-ast"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87#acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
 "num-bigint",
 "rustpython-common",
@@ -2070,11 +2015,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-common"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87#acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
 "ascii",
 "bitflags",
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "hexf-parse",
 "itertools",
 "lexical-parse-float",
@@ -2085,7 +2030,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "num-traits",
 "once_cell",
 "radium",
- "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand",
 "siphasher",
 "unic-ucd-category",
 "volatile",
@@ -2095,7 +2040,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-compiler-core"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87#acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
 "bincode",
 "bitflags",
@@ -2112,7 +2057,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-parser"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87#acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87"
+source = "git+https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git?rev=ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa#ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "anyhow",
@@ -2272,7 +2217,7 @@ version = "3.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dd1c7ddea665294d484c39fd0c0d2b7e35bbfe10035c5fe1854741a57f6880e1"
 dependencies = [
- "dirs 4.0.0",
+ "dirs",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2375,7 +2320,7 @@ version = "3.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5cdb1ef4eaeeaddc8fbd371e5017057064af0911902ef36b39801f67cc6d79e4"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "fastrand",
 "libc",
 "redox_syscall",
@@ -2415,15 +2360,15 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "terminfo"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76971977e6121664ec1b960d1313aacfa75642adc93b9d4d53b247bd4cb1747e"
+checksum = "da31aef70da0f6352dbcb462683eb4dd2bfad01cf3fc96cf204547b9a839a585"
 dependencies = [
- "dirs 2.0.2",
+ "dirs",
 "fnv",
 "nom",
- "phf 0.8.0",
- "phf_codegen 0.8.0",
+ "phf 0.11.1",
+ "phf_codegen 0.11.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2447,7 +2392,7 @@ version = "2.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e45b7bf6e19353ddd832745c8fcf77a17a93171df7151187f26623f2b75b5b26"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "proc-macro-error",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@@ -2587,7 +2532,7 @@ version = "1.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "97fee6b57c6a41524a810daee9286c02d7752c4253064d0b05472833a438f675"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "static_assertions",
 ]

@@ -2791,12 +2736,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi-util",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "wasi"
-version = "0.9.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cccddf32554fecc6acb585f82a32a72e28b48f8c4c1883ddfeeeaa96f7d8e519"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.10.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
@@ -2815,7 +2754,7 @@ version = "0.2.83"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "eaf9f5aceeec8be17c128b2e93e031fb8a4d469bb9c4ae2d7dc1888b26887268"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "wasm-bindgen-macro",
 ]

@@ -2840,7 +2779,7 @@ version = "0.4.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23639446165ca5a5de86ae1d8896b737ae80319560fbaa4c2887b7da6e7ebd7d"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if",
 "js-sys",
 "wasm-bindgen",
 "web-sys",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ default-members = [".", "ruff_cli"]

 [package]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 authors = ["Charlie Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.65.0"
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ fern = { version = "0.6.1" }
 glob = { version = "0.3.0" }
 globset = { version = "0.4.9" }
 ignore = { version = "0.4.18" }
+imperative = { version = "1.0.3" }
 itertools = { version = "0.10.5" }
 libcst = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/LibCST", rev = "f2f0b7a487a8725d161fe8b3ed73a6758b21e177" }
 log = { version = "0.4.17" }
@@ -46,18 +47,20 @@ once_cell = { version = "1.16.0" }
 path-absolutize = { version = "3.0.14", features = ["once_cell_cache", "use_unix_paths_on_wasm"] }
 regex = { version = "1.6.0" }
 ropey = { version = "1.5.0", features = ["cr_lines", "simd"], default-features = false }
-ruff_macros = { version = "0.0.223", path = "ruff_macros" }
+ruff_macros = { version = "0.0.228", path = "ruff_macros" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "1.1.0" }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
 schemars = { version = "0.8.11" }
 semver = { version = "1.0.16" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.147", features = ["derive"] }
 shellexpand = { version = "3.0.0" }
+smallvec = { version = "1.10.0" }
 strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }
 strum_macros = { version = "0.24.3" }
 textwrap = { version = "0.16.0" }
+thiserror = { version = "1.0" }
 titlecase = { version = "2.2.1" }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.17.1", features = ["easy"] }

--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
--- a/build.rs
+++ b/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use std::fs;
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+fn main() {
+    let out_dir = PathBuf::from(std::env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+    generate_origin_name_and_url(&out_dir);
+}
+
+const RULES_SUBMODULE_DOC_PREFIX: &str = "//! Rules from ";
+
+/// The `src/rules/*/mod.rs` files are expected to have a first line such as the
+/// following:
+///
+///     //! Rules from [Pyflakes](https://pypi.org/project/pyflakes/2.5.0/).
+///
+/// This function extracts the link label and url from these comments and
+/// generates the `name` and `url` functions for the `RuleOrigin` enum
+/// accordingly, so that they can be used by `ruff_dev::generate_rules_table`.
+fn generate_origin_name_and_url(out_dir: &Path) {
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/rules/");
+
+    let mut name_match_arms: String = r#"RuleOrigin::Ruff => "Ruff-specific rules","#.into();
+    let mut url_match_arms: String = r#"RuleOrigin::Ruff => None,"#.into();
+
+    for file in fs::read_dir("src/rules/")
+        .unwrap()
+        .flatten()
+        .filter(|f| f.file_type().unwrap().is_dir() && f.file_name() != "ruff")
+    {
+        let mod_rs_path = file.path().join("mod.rs");
+        let mod_rs_path = mod_rs_path.to_str().unwrap();
+        let first_line = BufReader::new(fs::File::open(mod_rs_path).unwrap())
+            .lines()
+            .next()
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let Some(comment) = first_line.strip_prefix(RULES_SUBMODULE_DOC_PREFIX) else {
+                panic!("expected first line in {mod_rs_path} to start with `{RULES_SUBMODULE_DOC_PREFIX}`")
+            };
+        let md_link = comment.trim_end_matches('.');
+
+        let (name, url) = md_link
+            .strip_prefix('[')
+            .unwrap()
+            .strip_suffix(')')
+            .unwrap()
+            .split_once("](")
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let dirname = file.file_name();
+        let dirname = dirname.to_str().unwrap();
+
+        let variant_name = dirname
+            .split('_')
+            .map(|part| match part {
+                "errmsg" => "ErrMsg".to_string(),
+                "mccabe" => "McCabe".to_string(),
+                "pep8" => "PEP8".to_string(),
+                _ => format!("{}{}", part[..1].to_uppercase(), &part[1..]),
+            })
+            .collect::<String>();
+
+        name_match_arms.push_str(&format!(r#"RuleOrigin::{variant_name} => "{name}","#));
+        url_match_arms.push_str(&format!(r#"RuleOrigin::{variant_name} => Some("{url}"),"#));
+    }
+
+    write!(
+        BufWriter::new(fs::File::create(out_dir.join("origin.rs")).unwrap()),
+        "
+        impl RuleOrigin {{
+            pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {{
+                match self {{ {name_match_arms} }}
+            }}
+
+            pub fn url(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {{
+                match self {{ {url_match_arms} }}
+            }}
+        }}
+        "
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}
--- a/flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.lock
+++ b/flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.lock
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"

 [[package]]
 name = "flake8_to_ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "clap",
@@ -1975,7 +1975,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "bincode",
--- a/flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.toml
+++ b/flake8_to_ruff/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "flake8-to-ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 edition = "2021"

 [dependencies]
--- a/licenses/LICENSE_adamchainz_flake8-no-pep420
+++ b/licenses/LICENSE_adamchainz_flake8-no-pep420
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Adam Johnson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ build-backend = "maturin"

 [project]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 description = "An extremely fast Python linter, written in Rust."
 authors = [
  { name = "Charlie Marsh", email = "charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com" },
@@ -41,9 +41,3 @@ bindings = "bin"
 manifest-path = "ruff_cli/Cargo.toml"
 python-source = "python"
 strip = true
-
-[tool.setuptools]
-license-files = [
-  "LICENSE",
-  "licenses/*",
-]
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_commas/COM81.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_commas/COM81.py
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ s = (

 s2 = (
    'this'
-    'is a also a string'
+    'is also a string'
 )

 t = (
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_empty/example.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_empty/example.py
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_nonempty/example.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_nonempty/example.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print('hi')
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_shebang/example.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_fail_shebang/example.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/env/python
+print('hi')
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_ignored/example.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_ignored/example.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import os  # noqa: INP001
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_pass/init.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_pass/init.py
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_pass/example.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_no_pep420/test_pass/example.py
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pie/PIE796.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pie/PIE796.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import enum
+from enum import Enum, unique
+
+
+class FakeEnum1(enum.Enum):
+    A = "A"
+    B = "B"
+    C = "B"  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum2(Enum):
+    A = 1
+    B = 2
+    C = 2  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum3(str, Enum):
+    A = "1"
+    B = "2"
+    C = "2"  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum4(Enum):
+    A = 1.0
+    B = 2.5
+    C = 2.5  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum5(Enum):
+    A = 1.0
+    B = True
+    C = False
+    D = False  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum6(Enum):
+    A = 1
+    B = 2
+    C = None
+    D = None  # PIE796
+
+
+@enum.unique
+class FakeEnum7(enum.Enum):
+    A = "A"
+    B = "B"
+    C = "C"
+
+
+@unique
+class FakeEnum8(Enum):
+    A = 1
+    B = 2
+    C = 2  # PIE796
+
+
+class FakeEnum9(enum.Enum):
+    A = "A"
+    B = "B"
+    C = "C"
+
+
+class FakeEnum10(enum.Enum):
+    A = enum.auto()
+    B = enum.auto()
+    C = enum.auto()
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pytest_style/PT007.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pytest_style/PT007.py
@@ -53,3 +53,25 @@ def test_list_of_tuples(param1, param2):
 )
 def test_list_of_lists(param1, param2):
    ...
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "param1,param2",
+    [
+        [1, 2],
+        [3, 4],
+    ],
+)
+def test_csv_name_list_of_lists(param1, param2):
+    ...
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "param",
+    [
+        [1, 2],
+        [3, 4],
+    ],
+)
+def test_single_list_of_lists(param):
+    ...
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM102.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM102.py
@@ -1,25 +1,88 @@
-if a:  # SIM102
+# SIM102
+if a:
    if b:
        c

-
+# SIM102
 if a:
    pass
-elif b:  # SIM102
+elif b:
    if c:
        d

+# SIM102
+if a:
+    # Unfixable due to placement of this comment.
+    if b:
+        c
+
+# SIM102
+if a:
+    if b:
+        # Fixable due to placement of this comment.
+        c
+
+# OK
 if a:
    if b:
        c
    else:
        d

+# OK
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    if foo():
        ...

+# OK
 if a:
    d
    if b:
        c
+
+while True:
+    # SIM102
+    if True:
+        if True:
+            """this
+is valid"""
+
+            """the indentation on
+            this line is significant"""
+
+            "this is" \
+"allowed too"
+
+            ("so is"
+"this for some reason")
+
+
+# SIM102
+if True:
+    if True:
+        """this
+is valid"""
+
+        """the indentation on
+        this line is significant"""
+
+        "this is" \
+"allowed too"
+
+        ("so is"
+"this for some reason")
+
+while True:
+    # SIM102
+    if node.module:
+        if node.module == "multiprocessing" or node.module.startswith(
+            "multiprocessing."
+        ):
+            print("Bad module!")
+
+# SIM102
+if node.module:
+    if node.module == "multiprocessing" or node.module.startswith(
+        "multiprocessing."
+    ):
+        print("Bad module!")
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM103.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM103.py
@@ -1,12 +1,35 @@
 def f():
-    if a:  # SIM103
+    # SIM103
+    if a:
        return True
    else:
        return False


 def f():
-    if a:  # OK
+    # SIM103
+    if a:
+        return 1
+    elif b:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def f():
+    # SIM103
+    if a:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        if b:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+def f():
+    # OK
+    if a:
        foo()
        return True
    else:
@@ -14,7 +37,16 @@ def f():


 def f():
-    if a:  # OK
+    # OK
+    if a:
        return "foo"
    else:
        return False
+
+
+def f():
+    # SIM103 (but not fixable)
+    if a:
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM105.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM105.py
@@ -41,3 +41,21 @@ except ValueError:
    pass
 finally:
    print('bar')
+
+try:
+    foo()
+    foo()
+except ValueError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    for i in range(3):
+        foo()
+except ValueError:
+    pass
+
+def bar():
+    try:
+        return foo()
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM109.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM109.py
@@ -1,7 +1,31 @@
-# Bad
+# SIM109
 if a == b or a == c:
    d

-# Good
+# SIM109
+if (a == b or a == c) and None:
+    d
+
+# SIM109
+if a == b or a == c or None:
+    d
+
+# SIM109
+if a == b or None or a == c:
+    d
+
+# OK
 if a in (b, c):
-    d
+    d
+
+# OK
+if a == b or a == c():
+    d
+
+# OK
+if (
+    a == b
+    # This comment prevents us from raising SIM109
+    or a == c
+):
+    d
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM115.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM115.py
@@ -1,6 +1,36 @@
-f = open('foo.txt')  # SIM115
+import contextlib
+
+# SIM115
+f = open("foo.txt")
 data = f.read()
 f.close()

-with open('foo.txt') as f:  # OK
+# OK
+with open("foo.txt") as f:
    data = f.read()
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+    f = exit_stack.enter_context(open("filename"))
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+    files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]
+    close_files = stack.pop_all().close
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.AsyncExitStack() as exit_stack:
+    f = await exit_stack.enter_async_context(open("filename"))
+
+# OK (false negative)
+with contextlib.ExitStack():
+    f = exit_stack.enter_context(open("filename"))
+
+# SIM115
+with contextlib.ExitStack():
+    f = open("filename")
+
+# OK
+with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+    exit_stack_ = exit_stack
+    f = exit_stack_.enter_context(open("filename"))
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM117.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM117.py
@@ -1,30 +1,92 @@
-with A() as a:  # SIM117
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
    with B() as b:
        print("hello")

-with A():  # SIM117
+# SIM117
+with A():
    with B():
        with C():
            print("hello")

+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
+    # Unfixable due to placement of this comment.
+    with B() as b:
+        print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
+    with B() as b:
+        # Fixable due to placement of this comment.
+        print("hello")
+
+# OK
 with A() as a:
    a()
    with B() as b:
        print("hello")

+# OK
 with A() as a:
    with B() as b:
        print("hello")
    a()

+# OK
 async with A() as a:
    with B() as b:
        print("hello")

+# OK
 with A() as a:
    async with B() as b:
        print("hello")

+# OK
 async with A() as a:
    async with B() as b:
        print("hello")
+
+while True:
+    # SIM117
+    with A() as a:
+        with B() as b:
+            """this
+is valid"""
+
+            """the indentation on
+            this line is significant"""
+
+            "this is" \
+"allowed too"
+
+            ("so is"
+"this for some reason")
+
+# SIM117
+with (
+    A() as a,
+    B() as b,
+):
+    with C() as c:
+        print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with A() as a:
+    with (
+        B() as b,
+        C() as c,
+    ):
+        print("hello")
+
+# SIM117
+with (
+    A() as a,
+    B() as b,
+):
+    with (
+        C() as c,
+        D() as d,
+    ):
+        print("hello")
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM201.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM201.py
@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
-if not a == b:  # SIM201
+# SIM201
+if not a == b:
    pass

-if not a == (b + c):  # SIM201
+# SIM201
+if not a == (b + c):
    pass

-if not (a + b) == c:  # SIM201
+# SIM201
+if not (a + b) == c:
    pass

-if not a != b:  # OK
+# OK
+if not a != b:
    pass

-if a == b:  # OK
+# OK
+if a == b:
    pass

-if not a == b:  # OK
+# OK
+if not a == b:
    raise ValueError()
+
+# OK
+def __ne__(self, other):
+    return not self == other
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM202.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM202.py
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
-if not a != b:  # SIM202
+# SIM202
+if not a != b:
    pass

-if not a != (b + c):  # SIM202
+# SIM202
+if not a != (b + c):
    pass

-if not (a + b) != c:  # SIM202
+# SIM202
+if not (a + b) != c:
    pass

-if not a == b:  # OK
+# OK
+if not a == b:
    pass

-if a != b:  # OK
+# OK
+if a != b:
    pass
+
+# OK
+if not a != b:
+    raise ValueError()
+
+# OK
+def __eq__(self, other):
+    return not self != other
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM222.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM222.py
@@ -7,8 +7,12 @@ if (a or b) or True:  # SIM223
 if a or (b or True):  # SIM223
    pass

-if a and True:
+if a and True:  # OK
    pass

-if True:
+if True:  # OK
    pass
+
+
+def validate(self, value):
+    return json.loads(value) or True  # OK
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM300.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM300.py
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 "yoda" == compare  # SIM300
 'yoda' == compare  # SIM300
 42 == age  # SIM300
+"yoda" <= compare  # SIM300
+'yoda' < compare  # SIM300
+42 > age  # SIM300

 # OK
 compare == "yoda"
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM401.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_simplify/SIM401.py
@@ -85,3 +85,26 @@ if key in a_dict:
    var = a_dict[key]
 else:
    var = foo()
+
+# OK (complex default value)
+if key in a_dict:
+    var = a_dict[key]
+else:
+    var = a_dict["fallback"]
+
+# OK (false negative for elif)
+if foo():
+    pass
+elif key in a_dict:
+    vars[idx] = a_dict[key]
+else:
+    vars[idx] = "default"
+
+# OK (false negative for nested else)
+if foo():
+    pass
+else:
+    if key in a_dict:
+        vars[idx] = a_dict[key]
+    else:
+        vars[idx] = "default"
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/isort/no_lines_before.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/isort/no_lines_before.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from requests import Session
+
+from my_first_party import my_first_party_object
+
+from . import my_local_folder_object
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/isort/order_by_type_with_custom_constants.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/isort/order_by_type_with_custom_constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from sklearn.svm import XYZ, func, variable, Const, Klass, constant
+from subprocess import First, var, func, Class, konst, A_constant, Last, STDOUT
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/isort/order_by_type_with_custom_variables.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/isort/order_by_type_with_custom_variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from sklearn.svm import VAR, Class, MyVar, CONST, abc
+from subprocess import utils, var_ABC, Variable, Klass, CONSTANT, exe
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/D.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/D.py
@@ -579,3 +579,58 @@ def multiline_trailing_and_leading_space():
        "or exclamation point (not '\"')")
 def endswith_quote():
    """Whitespace at the end, but also a quote" """
+
+
+@expect('D209: Multi-line docstring closing quotes should be on a separate '
+        'line')
+@expect('D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line')
+def asdfljdjgf24():
+    """Summary.
+
+    Description.  """
+
+
+@expect('D200: One-line docstring should fit on one line with quotes '
+        '(found 3)')
+@expect('D212: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line')
+def one_liner():
+    """
+
+    Wrong."""
+
+
+@expect('D200: One-line docstring should fit on one line with quotes '
+        '(found 3)')
+@expect('D212: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line')
+def one_liner():
+    r"""Wrong.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect('D200: One-line docstring should fit on one line with quotes '
+        '(found 3)')
+@expect('D212: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line')
+def one_liner():
+    """Wrong."
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect('D200: One-line docstring should fit on one line with quotes '
+        '(found 3)')
+@expect('D212: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line')
+def one_liner():
+    """
+
+    "Wrong."""
+
+
+@expect('D404: First word of the docstring should not be "This"')
+def starts_with_this():
+    """This is a docstring."""
+
+
+@expect('D404: First word of the docstring should not be "This"')
+def starts_with_space_then_this():
+    """ This is a docstring that starts with a space."""  # noqa: D210
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/D401.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pydocstyle/D401.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Bad examples
+
+def bad_liouiwnlkjl():
+    """Returns foo."""
+
+
+def bad_sdgfsdg23245():
+    """Constructor for a foo."""
+
+
+def bad_sdgfsdg23245777():
+    """
+
+    Constructor for a boa.
+
+    """
+
+
+def bad_run_something():
+    """Runs something"""
+    pass
+
+
+def multi_line():
+    """Writes a logical line that
+    extends to two physical lines.
+    """
+
+
+# Good examples
+
+def good_run_something():
+    """Run away."""
+
+
+def good_construct():
+    """Construct a beautiful house."""
+
+
+def good_multi_line():
+    """Write a logical line that
+    extends to two physical lines.
+    """
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F841_3.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F841_3.py
@@ -44,3 +44,25 @@ def f():
        1 / 0
    except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as x2:
        pass
+
+
+def f(a, b):
+    x = (
+        a()
+        if a is not None
+        else b
+    )
+
+    y = \
+        a() if a is not None else b
+
+
+def f(a, b):
+    x = (
+        a
+        if a is not None
+        else b
+    )
+
+    y = \
+        a if a is not None else b
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/magic_value_comparison.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/magic_value_comparison.py
@@ -1,71 +1,69 @@
-"""Check that magic values are not used in comparisons"""
-import cmath
+"""Check that magic values are not used in comparisons."""

 user_input = 10

-if 10 > user_input: # [magic-value-comparison]
+if 10 > user_input:  # [magic-value-comparison]
    pass

-if 10 == 100: # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
+if 10 == 100:  # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
    pass

-if 1 == 3: # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
+if 1 == 3:  # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
    pass

 x = 0
-if 4 == 3 == x: # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
+if 4 == 3 == x:  # [comparison-of-constants] R0133
    pass

 time_delta = 7224
 ONE_HOUR = 3600

-if time_delta > ONE_HOUR: # correct
+if time_delta > ONE_HOUR:  # correct
    pass

 argc = 1

-if argc != -1: # correct
+if argc != -1:  # correct
    pass

-if argc != 0: # correct
+if argc != 0:  # correct
    pass

-if argc != 1: # correct
+if argc != 1:  # correct
    pass

-if argc != 2: # [magic-value-comparison]
+if argc != 2:  # [magic-value-comparison]
    pass

-if __name__ == "__main__": # correct
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # correct
    pass

 ADMIN_PASSWORD = "SUPERSECRET"
 input_password = "password"

-if input_password == "": # correct
+if input_password == "":  # correct
    pass

-if input_password == ADMIN_PASSWORD: # correct
+if input_password == ADMIN_PASSWORD:  # correct
    pass

-if input_password == "Hunter2": # [magic-value-comparison]
+if input_password == "Hunter2":  # [magic-value-comparison]
    pass

 PI = 3.141592653589793238
 pi_estimation = 3.14

-if pi_estimation == 3.141592653589793238: # [magic-value-comparison]
+if pi_estimation == 3.141592653589793238:  # [magic-value-comparison]
    pass

-if pi_estimation == PI: # correct
+if pi_estimation == PI:  # correct
    pass

 HELLO_WORLD = b"Hello, World!"
 user_input = b"Hello, There!"

-if user_input == b"something": # [magic-value-comparison]
+if user_input == b"something":  # [magic-value-comparison]
    pass

-if user_input == HELLO_WORLD: # correct
+if user_input == HELLO_WORLD:  # correct
    pass
-
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP003.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP003.py
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
-type('')
-type(b'')
+type("")
+type(b"")
 type(0)
-type(0.)
+type(0.0)
 type(0j)
+
+# OK
+y = x.dtype.type(0.0)
+
+# OK
+type = lambda *args, **kwargs: None
+type("")
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import functools
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@other_decorator
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+@other_decorator
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def user_func():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func, maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def lru_cache(maxsize=None):
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011_0.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011_0.py
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-from functools import lru_cache
-
-
-@lru_cache()
-def fixme1():
-    pass
-
-
-@other_deco_after
-@functools.lru_cache()
-def fixme2():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def fixme3():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-@other_deco_before
-def fixme4():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache( # A 
-) # B
-def fixme5():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(
-    # A
-)   # B
-def fixme6():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A
-    maxsize = None) # B
-def fixme7():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A1
-    maxsize = None
-    # A2
-) # B
-def fixme8():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A1
-    maxsize = 
-    None
-    # A2
-
-)
-def fixme9():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(
-    # A1
-    maxsize = 
-    None
-    # A2
-)
-def fixme10():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache
-def correct1():
-    pass
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache
-def correct2():
-    pass
-
-
-@functoools.lru_cache(maxsize=64)
-def correct3():
-    pass
-
-
-def user_func():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(user_func)
-def correct4():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(user_func, maxsize=None)
-def correct5():
-    pass
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011_1.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP011_1.py
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-
-
-def lru_cache(maxsize=None):
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache()
-def dont_fixme():
-    pass
-
-
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def dont_fixme():
-    pass
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP032.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP032.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+###
+# Errors
+###
+
+"{} {}".format(a, b)
+
+"{1} {0}".format(a, b)
+
+"{x.y}".format(x=z)
+
+"{.x} {.y}".format(a, b)
+
+"{} {}".format(a.b, c.d)
+
+"{}".format(a())
+
+"{}".format(a.b())
+
+"{}".format(a.b().c())
+
+"hello {}!".format(name)
+
+"{}{b}{}".format(a, c, b=b)
+
+"{}".format(0x0)
+
+"{} {}".format(a, b)
+
+"""{} {}""".format(a, b)
+
+"foo{}".format(1)
+
+r"foo{}".format(1)
+
+x = "{a}".format(a=1)
+
+print("foo {} ".format(x))
+
+"{a[b]}".format(a=a)
+
+"{a.a[b]}".format(a=a)
+
+"{}{{}}{}".format(escaped, y)
+
+"{}".format(a)
+
+###
+# Non-errors
+###
+
+# False-negative: RustPython doesn't parse the `\N{snowman}`.
+"\N{snowman} {}".format(a)
+
+"{".format(a)
+
+"}".format(a)
+
+"{} {}".format(*a)
+
+"{0} {0}".format(arg)
+
+"{x} {x}".format(arg)
+
+"{x.y} {x.z}".format(arg)
+
+b"{} {}".format(a, b)
+
+"{:{}}".format(x, y)
+
+"{}{}".format(a)
+
+"" "{}".format(a["\\"])
+
+"{}".format(a["b"])
+
+r'"\N{snowman} {}".format(a)'
+
+"{a}" "{b}".format(a=1, b=1)
+
+
+async def c():
+    return "{}".format(await 3)
+
+
+async def c():
+    return "{}".format(1 + await 3)
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP033.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP033.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import functools
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@other_decorator
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@other_decorator
+def fixme():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=64)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def user_func():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(user_func, maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
+
+
+def lru_cache(maxsize=None):
+    pass
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ok():
+    pass
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP034.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP034.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# UP034
+print(("foo"))
+
+# UP034
+print(("hell((goodybe))o"))
+
+# UP034
+print((("foo")))
+
+# UP034
+print((((1))))
+
+# UP034
+print(("foo{}".format(1)))
+
+# UP034
+print(
+    ("foo{}".format(1))
+)
+
+# UP034
+print(
+    (
+        "foo"
+    )
+)
+
+# UP034
+def f():
+    x = int(((yield 1)))
+
+# UP034
+if True:
+    print(
+        ("foo{}".format(1))
+    )
+
+# UP034
+print((x for x in range(3)))
+
+# OK
+print("foo")
+
+# OK
+print((1, 2, 3))
+
+# OK
+print(())
+
+# OK
+print((1,))
+
+# OK
+sum((block.code for block in blocks), [])
+
+# OK
+def f():
+    x = int((yield 1))
+
+# OK
+sum((i for i in range(3)), [])
--- a/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF005.py
+++ b/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF005.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Fun:
+    words = ("how", "fun!")
+
+    def yay(self):
+        return self.words
+
+yay = Fun().yay
+
+foo = [4, 5, 6]
+bar = [1, 2, 3] + foo
+zoob = tuple(bar)
+quux = (7, 8, 9) + zoob
+spam = quux + (10, 11, 12)
+spom = list(spam)
+eggs = spom + [13, 14, 15]
+elatement = ("we all say", ) + yay()
+excitement = ("we all think", ) + Fun().yay()
+astonishment = ("we all feel", ) + Fun.words
+
+chain = ['a', 'b', 'c'] + eggs + list(('yes', 'no', 'pants') + zoob)
+
+baz = () + zoob
--- a/ruff.schema.json
+++ b/ruff.schema.json
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
      ]
    },
    "format": {
-      "description": "The style in which violation messages should be formatted: `\"text\"` (default), `\"grouped\"` (group messages by file), `\"json\"` (machine-readable), `\"junit\"` (machine-readable XML), `\"github\"` (GitHub Actions annotations) or `\"gitlab\"` (GitLab CI code quality report).",
+      "description": "The style in which violation messages should be formatted: `\"text\"` (default), `\"grouped\"` (group messages by file), `\"json\"` (machine-readable), `\"junit\"` (machine-readable XML), `\"github\"` (GitHub Actions annotations), `\"gitlab\"` (GitLab CI code quality report), or `\"pylint\"` (Pylint text format).",
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/SerializationFormat"
@@ -341,6 +341,17 @@
        }
      ]
    },
+    "pylint": {
+      "description": "Options for the `pylint` plugin.",
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "$ref": "#/definitions/PylintOptions"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
    "pyupgrade": {
      "description": "Options for the `pyupgrade` plugin.",
      "anyOf": [
@@ -448,7 +459,7 @@
  },
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "definitions": {
-    "BannedApi": {
+    "ApiBan": {
      "type": "object",
      "required": [
        "msg"
@@ -461,6 +472,17 @@
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
+    "ConstantType": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": [
+        "bytes",
+        "complex",
+        "float",
+        "int",
+        "str",
+        "tuple"
+      ]
+    },
    "Convention": {
      "oneOf": [
        {
@@ -743,7 +765,7 @@
            "null"
          ],
          "additionalProperties": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/BannedApi"
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/ApiBan"
          }
        }
      },
@@ -762,6 +784,16 @@
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
+    "ImportType": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": [
+        "future",
+        "standard-library",
+        "third-party",
+        "first-party",
+        "local-folder"
+      ]
+    },
    "IsortOptions": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
@@ -782,6 +814,16 @@
            "null"
          ]
        },
+        "constants": {
+          "description": "An override list of tokens to always recognize as a CONSTANT for `order-by-type` regardless of casing.",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        },
        "extra-standard-library": {
          "description": "A list of modules to consider standard-library, in addition to those known to Ruff in advance.",
          "type": [
@@ -833,6 +875,16 @@
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
+        "no-lines-before": {
+          "description": "A list of sections that should _not_ be delineated from the previous section via empty lines.",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/ImportType"
+          }
+        },
        "order-by-type": {
          "description": "Order imports by type, which is determined by case, in addition to alphabetically.",
          "type": [
@@ -877,6 +929,16 @@
            "boolean",
            "null"
          ]
+        },
+        "variables": {
+          "description": "An override list of tokens to always recognize as a var for `order-by-type` regardless of casing.",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
@@ -1006,6 +1068,22 @@
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
+    "PylintOptions": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "allow-magic-value-types": {
+          "description": "Constant types to ignore when used as \"magic values\".",
+          "type": [
+            "array",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/ConstantType"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
+    },
    "PythonVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
@@ -1199,6 +1277,7 @@
        "D4",
        "D40",
        "D400",
+        "D401",
        "D402",
        "D403",
        "D404",
@@ -1356,6 +1435,10 @@
        "ICN0",
        "ICN00",
        "ICN001",
+        "INP",
+        "INP0",
+        "INP00",
+        "INP001",
        "ISC",
        "ISC0",
        "ISC00",
@@ -1431,6 +1514,7 @@
        "PIE79",
        "PIE790",
        "PIE794",
+        "PIE796",
        "PIE8",
        "PIE80",
        "PIE807",
@@ -1439,10 +1523,6 @@
        "PLC04",
        "PLC041",
        "PLC0414",
-        "PLC2",
-        "PLC22",
-        "PLC220",
-        "PLC2201",
        "PLC3",
        "PLC30",
        "PLC300",
@@ -1552,6 +1632,7 @@
        "RUF002",
        "RUF003",
        "RUF004",
+        "RUF005",
        "RUF1",
        "RUF10",
        "RUF100",
@@ -1686,6 +1767,9 @@
        "UP029",
        "UP03",
        "UP030",
+        "UP032",
+        "UP033",
+        "UP034",
        "W",
        "W2",
        "W29",
@@ -1723,7 +1807,8 @@
        "junit",
        "grouped",
        "github",
-        "gitlab"
+        "gitlab",
+        "pylint"
      ]
    },
    "Strictness": {
--- a/ruff_cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ruff_cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_cli"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 authors = ["Charlie Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.65.0"
--- a/ruff_cli/src/cli.rs
+++ b/ruff_cli/src/cli.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use clap::{command, Parser};
 use regex::Regex;
 use ruff::fs;
 use ruff::logging::LogLevel;
-use ruff::registry::{RuleCode, RuleCodePrefix};
+use ruff::registry::{Rule, RuleCodePrefix};
 use ruff::resolver::ConfigProcessor;
 use ruff::settings::types::{
    FilePattern, PatternPrefixPair, PerFileIgnore, PythonVersion, SerializationFormat,
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ pub struct Cli {
    /// Explain a rule.
    #[arg(
        long,
+        value_parser=Rule::from_code,
        // Fake subcommands.
        conflicts_with = "add_noqa",
        conflicts_with = "clean",
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ pub struct Cli {
        conflicts_with = "stdin_filename",
        conflicts_with = "watch",
    )]
-    pub explain: Option<RuleCode>,
+    pub explain: Option<&'static Rule>,
    /// Generate shell completion
    #[arg(
        long,
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ pub struct Arguments {
    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
    pub diff: bool,
    pub exit_zero: bool,
-    pub explain: Option<RuleCode>,
+    pub explain: Option<&'static Rule>,
    pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
    pub generate_shell_completion: Option<clap_complete_command::Shell>,
    pub isolated: bool,
--- a/ruff_cli/src/commands.rs
+++ b/ruff_cli/src/commands.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ use ruff::cache::CACHE_DIR_NAME;
 use ruff::linter::add_noqa_to_path;
 use ruff::logging::LogLevel;
 use ruff::message::{Location, Message};
-use ruff::registry::RuleCode;
+use ruff::registry::Rule;
 use ruff::resolver::{FileDiscovery, PyprojectDiscovery};
 use ruff::settings::flags;
 use ruff::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
-use ruff::{fix, fs, packaging, resolver, warn_user_once, IOError};
+use ruff::{fix, fs, packaging, resolver, warn_user_once, AutofixAvailability, IOError};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use walkdir::WalkDir;

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn run(
            .unwrap_or_else(|(path, message)| {
                if let Some(path) = &path {
                    let settings = resolver.resolve(path, pyproject_strategy);
-                    if settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::E902) {
+                    if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::IOError) {
                        Diagnostics::new(vec![Message {
                            kind: IOError(message).into(),
                            location: Location::default(),
@@ -289,24 +289,34 @@ struct Explanation<'a> {
    summary: &'a str,
 }

-/// Explain a `RuleCode` to the user.
-pub fn explain(code: &RuleCode, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
+/// Explain a `Rule` to the user.
+pub fn explain(rule: &Rule, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
    match format {
        SerializationFormat::Text | SerializationFormat::Grouped => {
-            println!(
-                "{} ({}): {}",
-                code.as_ref(),
-                code.origin().title(),
-                code.kind().summary()
-            );
+            println!("{}\n", rule.as_ref());
+            println!("Code: {} ({})\n", rule.code(), rule.origin().name());
+
+            if let Some(autofix) = rule.autofixable() {
+                println!(
+                    "{}",
+                    match autofix.available {
+                        AutofixAvailability::Sometimes => "Autofix is sometimes available.\n",
+                        AutofixAvailability::Always => "Autofix is always available.\n",
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+            println!("Message formats:\n");
+            for format in rule.message_formats() {
+                println!("* {format}");
+            }
        }
        SerializationFormat::Json => {
            println!(
                "{}",
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&Explanation {
-                    code: code.as_ref(),
-                    origin: code.origin().title(),
-                    summary: &code.kind().summary(),
+                    code: rule.code(),
+                    origin: rule.origin().name(),
+                    summary: rule.message_formats()[0],
                })?
            );
        }
@@ -319,6 +329,9 @@ pub fn explain(code: &RuleCode, format: SerializationFormat) -> Result<()> {
        SerializationFormat::Gitlab => {
            bail!("`--explain` does not support GitLab format")
        }
+        SerializationFormat::Pylint => {
+            bail!("`--explain` does not support pylint format")
+        }
    };
    Ok(())
 }
--- a/ruff_cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/ruff_cli/src/main.rs
@@ -91,6 +91,22 @@ fn resolve(
 pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
    // Extract command-line arguments.
    let (cli, overrides) = Cli::parse().partition();
+
+    let default_panic_hook = std::panic::take_hook();
+    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
+        eprintln!(
+            r#"
+{}: `ruff` crashed. This indicates a bug in `ruff`. If you could open an issue at:
+
+https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/issues/new?title=%5BPanic%5D
+
+quoting the executed command, along with the relevant file contents and `pyproject.toml` settings, we'd be very appreciative!
+"#,
+            "error".red().bold(),
+        );
+        default_panic_hook(info);
+    }));
+
    let log_level = extract_log_level(&cli);
    set_up_logging(&log_level)?;

@@ -141,8 +157,8 @@ pub fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
        PyprojectDiscovery::Hierarchical(settings) => settings.cli.clone(),
    };

-    if let Some(code) = cli.explain {
-        commands::explain(&code, format)?;
+    if let Some(rule) = cli.explain {
+        commands::explain(rule, format)?;
        return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
    }
    if cli.show_settings {
--- a/ruff_cli/src/printer.rs
+++ b/ruff_cli/src/printer.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use itertools::iterate;
 use ruff::fs::relativize_path;
 use ruff::logging::LogLevel;
 use ruff::message::{Location, Message};
-use ruff::registry::RuleCode;
+use ruff::registry::Rule;
 use ruff::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
 use ruff::{fix, notify_user};
 use serde::Serialize;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct ExpandedFix<'a> {

 #[derive(Serialize)]
 struct ExpandedMessage<'a> {
-    code: &'a RuleCode,
+    code: SerializeRuleAsCode<'a>,
    message: String,
    fix: Option<ExpandedFix<'a>>,
    location: Location,
@@ -43,6 +43,23 @@ struct ExpandedMessage<'a> {
    filename: &'a str,
 }

+struct SerializeRuleAsCode<'a>(&'a Rule);
+
+impl Serialize for SerializeRuleAsCode<'_> {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> std::result::Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(self.0.code())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a Rule> for SerializeRuleAsCode<'a> {
+    fn from(rule: &'a Rule) -> Self {
+        Self(rule)
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct Printer<'a> {
    format: &'a SerializationFormat,
    log_level: &'a LogLevel,
@@ -143,7 +160,7 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                            .messages
                            .iter()
                            .map(|message| ExpandedMessage {
-                                code: message.kind.code(),
+                                code: message.kind.rule().into(),
                                message: message.kind.body(),
                                fix: message.fix.as_ref().map(|fix| ExpandedFix {
                                    content: &fix.content,
@@ -177,8 +194,10 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                            message.location.column(),
                            message.kind.body()
                        ));
-                        let mut case =
-                            TestCase::new(format!("org.ruff.{}", message.kind.code()), status);
+                        let mut case = TestCase::new(
+                            format!("org.ruff.{}", message.kind.rule().code()),
+                            status,
+                        );
                        let file_path = Path::new(filename);
                        let file_stem = file_path.file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
                        let classname = file_path.parent().unwrap().join(file_stem);
@@ -248,14 +267,14 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                        ":",
                        message.location.column(),
                        ":",
-                        message.kind.code().as_ref(),
+                        message.kind.rule().code(),
                        message.kind.body(),
                    );
                    writeln!(
                        stdout,
                        "::error title=Ruff \
                         ({}),file={},line={},col={},endLine={},endColumn={}::{}",
-                        message.kind.code(),
+                        message.kind.rule().code(),
                        message.filename,
                        message.location.row(),
                        message.location.column(),
@@ -266,7 +285,7 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                }
            }
            SerializationFormat::Gitlab => {
-                // Generate JSON with errors in GitLab CI format
+                // Generate JSON with violations in GitLab CI format
                // https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/testing/code_quality.html#implementing-a-custom-tool
                writeln!(stdout,
                    "{}",
@@ -276,9 +295,9 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                            .iter()
                            .map(|message| {
                                json!({
-                                    "description": format!("({}) {}", message.kind.code(), message.kind.body()),
+                                    "description": format!("({}) {}", message.kind.rule().code(), message.kind.body()),
                                    "severity": "major",
-                                    "fingerprint": message.kind.code(),
+                                    "fingerprint": message.kind.rule().code(),
                                    "location": {
                                        "path": message.filename,
                                        "lines": {
@@ -293,6 +312,20 @@ impl<'a> Printer<'a> {
                    )?
                )?;
            }
+            SerializationFormat::Pylint => {
+                // Generate violations in Pylint format.
+                // See: https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/internal/formatters.html#pylint-formatter
+                for message in &diagnostics.messages {
+                    let label = format!(
+                        "{}:{}: [{}] {}",
+                        relativize_path(Path::new(&message.filename)),
+                        message.location.row(),
+                        message.kind.rule().code(),
+                        message.kind.body(),
+                    );
+                    writeln!(stdout, "{label}")?;
+                }
+            }
        }

        stdout.flush()?;
@@ -361,7 +394,7 @@ fn print_message<T: Write>(stdout: &mut T, message: &Message) -> Result<()> {
        ":".cyan(),
        message.location.column(),
        ":".cyan(),
-        message.kind.code().as_ref().red().bold(),
+        message.kind.rule().code().red().bold(),
        message.kind.body(),
    );
    writeln!(stdout, "{label}")?;
@@ -388,7 +421,7 @@ fn print_message<T: Write>(stdout: &mut T, message: &Message) -> Result<()> {
                source: &source.contents,
                line_start: message.location.row(),
                annotations: vec![SourceAnnotation {
-                    label: message.kind.code().as_ref(),
+                    label: message.kind.rule().code(),
                    annotation_type: AnnotationType::Error,
                    range: source.range,
                }],
@@ -425,7 +458,7 @@ fn print_grouped_message<T: Write>(
        ":".cyan(),
        message.location.column(),
        " ".repeat(column_length - num_digits(message.location.column())),
-        message.kind.code().as_ref().red().bold(),
+        message.kind.rule().code().red().bold(),
        message.kind.body(),
    );
    writeln!(stdout, "{label}")?;
@@ -452,7 +485,7 @@ fn print_grouped_message<T: Write>(
                source: &source.contents,
                line_start: message.location.row(),
                annotations: vec![SourceAnnotation {
-                    label: message.kind.code().as_ref(),
+                    label: message.kind.rule().code(),
                    annotation_type: AnnotationType::Error,
                    range: source.range,
                }],
--- a/ruff_cli/tests/integration_test.rs
+++ b/ruff_cli/tests/integration_test.rs
@@ -151,3 +151,12 @@ fn test_show_source() -> Result<()> {
    assert!(str::from_utf8(&output.get_output().stdout)?.contains("l = 1"));
    Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn explain_status_codes() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin(BIN_NAME)?;
+    cmd.args(["-", "--explain", "F401"]).assert().success();
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin(BIN_NAME)?;
+    cmd.args(["-", "--explain", "RUF404"]).assert().failure();
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/ruff_dev/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ruff_dev/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_dev"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 edition = "2021"

 [dependencies]
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ libcst = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/LibCST", rev = "f2f0b7a487a87
 once_cell = { version = "1.16.0" }
 ruff = { path = ".." }
 ruff_cli = { path = "../ruff_cli" }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "acbc517b55406c76da83d7b2711941d8d3f65b87" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython.git", rev = "ff90fe52eea578c8ebdd9d95e078cc041a5959fa" }
 schemars = { version = "0.8.11" }
 serde_json = {version="1.0.91"}
 strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }
--- a/ruff_dev/src/generate_rules_table.rs
+++ b/ruff_dev/src/generate_rules_table.rs
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ fn generate_table(table_out: &mut String, prefix: &RuleCodePrefix) {
    table_out.push('\n');
    table_out.push_str("| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |");
    table_out.push('\n');
-    for rule_code in prefix.codes() {
-        let kind = rule_code.kind();
-        let fix_token = if kind.fixable() { "🛠" } else { "" };
+    for rule in prefix.codes() {
+        let fix_token = match rule.autofixable() {
+            None => "",
+            Some(_) => "🛠",
+        };
+
        table_out.push_str(&format!(
            "| {} | {} | {} | {} |",
-            kind.code().as_ref(),
-            kind.as_ref(),
-            kind.summary().replace('|', r"\|"),
+            rule.code(),
+            rule.as_ref(),
+            rule.message_formats()[0].replace('|', r"\|"),
            fix_token
        ));
        table_out.push('\n');
@@ -47,24 +50,37 @@ pub fn main(cli: &Cli) -> Result<()> {
    for origin in RuleOrigin::iter() {
        let prefixes = origin.prefixes();
        let codes_csv: String = prefixes.as_list(", ");
-        table_out.push_str(&format!("### {} ({codes_csv})", origin.title()));
+        table_out.push_str(&format!("### {} ({codes_csv})", origin.name()));
        table_out.push('\n');
        table_out.push('\n');

        toc_out.push_str(&format!(
            "   1. [{} ({})](#{}-{})\n",
-            origin.title(),
+            origin.name(),
            codes_csv,
-            origin.title().to_lowercase().replace(' ', "-"),
+            origin.name().to_lowercase().replace(' ', "-"),
            codes_csv.to_lowercase().replace(',', "-").replace(' ', "")
        ));

-        if let Some((url, platform)) = origin.url() {
+        if let Some(url) = origin.url() {
+            let host = url
+                .trim_start_matches("https://")
+                .split('/')
+                .next()
+                .unwrap();
            table_out.push_str(&format!(
                "For more, see [{}]({}) on {}.",
-                origin.title(),
+                origin.name(),
                url,
-                platform
+                match host {
+                    "pypi.org" => "PyPI",
+                    "github.com" => "GitHub",
+                    host => panic!(
+                        "unexpected host in URL of {}, expected pypi.org or github.com but found \
+                         {host}",
+                        origin.name()
+                    ),
+                }
            ));
            table_out.push('\n');
            table_out.push('\n');
--- a/ruff_macros/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ruff_macros/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_macros"
-version = "0.0.223"
+version = "0.0.228"
 edition = "2021"

 [lib]
--- a/ruff_macros/src/define_rule_mapping.rs
+++ b/ruff_macros/src/define_rule_mapping.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,44 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use proc_macro2::Span;
 use quote::quote;
 use syn::parse::Parse;
-use syn::{Ident, Path, Token};
+use syn::{Ident, LitStr, Path, Token};

-pub fn define_rule_mapping(mapping: Mapping) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
-    let mut rulecode_variants = quote!();
+pub fn define_rule_mapping(mapping: &Mapping) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
+    let mut rule_variants = quote!();
    let mut diagkind_variants = quote!();
-    let mut rulecode_kind_match_arms = quote!();
-    let mut rulecode_origin_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_message_formats_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_autofixable_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_origin_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_code_match_arms = quote!();
+    let mut rule_from_code_match_arms = quote!();
    let mut diagkind_code_match_arms = quote!();
    let mut diagkind_body_match_arms = quote!();
    let mut diagkind_fixable_match_arms = quote!();
    let mut diagkind_commit_match_arms = quote!();
    let mut from_impls_for_diagkind = quote!();

-    for (code, path, name) in mapping.entries {
-        rulecode_variants.extend(quote! {#code,});
+    for (code, path, name) in &mapping.entries {
+        let code_str = LitStr::new(&code.to_string(), Span::call_site());
+        rule_variants.extend(quote! {
+            #[doc = #code_str]
+            #name,
+        });
        diagkind_variants.extend(quote! {#name(#path),});
-        rulecode_kind_match_arms.extend(
-            quote! {RuleCode::#code => DiagnosticKind::#name(<#path as Violation>::placeholder()),},
-        );
-        let origin = get_origin(&code);
-        rulecode_origin_match_arms.extend(quote! {RuleCode::#code => RuleOrigin::#origin,});
-        diagkind_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {DiagnosticKind::#name(..) => &RuleCode::#code, });
-        diagkind_body_match_arms
-            .extend(quote! {DiagnosticKind::#name(x) => Violation::message(x), });
+        rule_message_formats_match_arms
+            .extend(quote! {Self::#name => <#path as Violation>::message_formats(),});
+        rule_autofixable_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name => <#path as Violation>::AUTOFIX,});
+        let origin = get_origin(code);
+        rule_origin_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name => RuleOrigin::#origin,});
+        rule_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name => #code_str,});
+        rule_from_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {#code_str => Ok(&Rule::#name), });
+        diagkind_code_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name(..) => &Rule::#name, });
+        diagkind_body_match_arms.extend(quote! {Self::#name(x) => Violation::message(x), });
        diagkind_fixable_match_arms
-            .extend(quote! {DiagnosticKind::#name(x) => x.autofix_title_formatter().is_some(),});
-        diagkind_commit_match_arms.extend(
-            quote! {DiagnosticKind::#name(x) => x.autofix_title_formatter().map(|f| f(x)), },
-        );
+            .extend(quote! {Self::#name(x) => x.autofix_title_formatter().is_some(),});
+        diagkind_commit_match_arms
+            .extend(quote! {Self::#name(x) => x.autofix_title_formatter().map(|f| f(x)), });
        from_impls_for_diagkind.extend(quote! {
            impl From<#path> for DiagnosticKind {
                fn from(x: #path) -> Self {
@@ -39,44 +48,73 @@ pub fn define_rule_mapping(mapping: Mapping) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
        });
    }

+    let code_to_name: HashMap<_, _> = mapping
+        .entries
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(code, _, name)| (code.to_string(), name))
+        .collect();
+
+    let rulecodeprefix = super::rule_code_prefix::expand(
+        &Ident::new("Rule", Span::call_site()),
+        &Ident::new("RuleCodePrefix", Span::call_site()),
+        mapping.entries.iter().map(|(code, ..)| code),
+        |code| code_to_name[code],
+    );
+
    quote! {
        #[derive(
-            AsRefStr,
-            RuleCodePrefix,
            EnumIter,
-            EnumString,
            Debug,
-            Display,
            PartialEq,
            Eq,
            Clone,
-            Serialize,
-            Deserialize,
            Hash,
            PartialOrd,
            Ord,
+            AsRefStr,
        )]
-        pub enum RuleCode { #rulecode_variants }
+        #[strum(serialize_all = "kebab-case")]
+        pub enum Rule { #rule_variants }

        #[derive(AsRefStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
        pub enum DiagnosticKind { #diagkind_variants }

+        #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+        pub enum FromCodeError {
+            #[error("unknown rule code")]
+            Unknown,
+        }

-        impl RuleCode {
-            /// A placeholder representation of the `DiagnosticKind` for the diagnostic.
-            pub fn kind(&self) -> DiagnosticKind {
-                match self { #rulecode_kind_match_arms }
+        impl Rule {
+            /// Returns the format strings used to report violations of this rule.
+            pub fn message_formats(&self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
+                match self { #rule_message_formats_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn autofixable(&self) -> Option<crate::violation::AutofixKind> {
+                match self { #rule_autofixable_match_arms }
            }

            pub fn origin(&self) -> RuleOrigin {
-                match self { #rulecode_origin_match_arms }
+                match self { #rule_origin_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn code(&self) -> &'static str {
+                match self { #rule_code_match_arms }
+            }
+
+            pub fn from_code(code: &str) -> Result<&'static Self, FromCodeError> {
+                match code {
+                    #rule_from_code_match_arms
+                    _ => Err(FromCodeError::Unknown),
+                }
            }
        }


        impl DiagnosticKind {
-            /// A four-letter shorthand code for the diagnostic.
-            pub fn code(&self) -> &'static RuleCode {
+            /// The rule of the diagnostic.
+            pub fn rule(&self) -> &'static Rule {
                match self { #diagkind_code_match_arms }
            }

@@ -97,6 +135,8 @@ pub fn define_rule_mapping(mapping: Mapping) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
        }

        #from_impls_for_diagkind
+
+        #rulecodeprefix
    }
 }

--- a/ruff_macros/src/derive_message_formats.rs
+++ b/ruff_macros/src/derive_message_formats.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use quote::{quote, quote_spanned, ToTokens};
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::{Block, Expr, ItemFn, Stmt};
+
+pub fn derive_message_formats(func: &ItemFn) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
+    let mut strings = quote!();
+
+    if let Err(err) = parse_block(&func.block, &mut strings) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    quote! {
+        #func
+        fn message_formats() -> &'static [&'static str] {
+            &[#strings]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_block(block: &Block, strings: &mut TokenStream) -> Result<(), TokenStream> {
+    let Some(Stmt::Expr(last)) = block.stmts.last() else {panic!("expected last statement in block to be an expression")};
+    parse_expr(last, strings)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_expr(expr: &Expr, strings: &mut TokenStream) -> Result<(), TokenStream> {
+    match expr {
+        Expr::Macro(mac) if mac.mac.path.is_ident("format") => {
+            let Some(first_token) = mac.mac.tokens.to_token_stream().into_iter().next() else {
+                return Err(quote_spanned!(expr.span() => compile_error!("expected format! to have an argument")))
+            };
+            strings.extend(quote! {#first_token,});
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Expr::Block(block) => parse_block(&block.block, strings),
+        Expr::If(expr) => {
+            parse_block(&expr.then_branch, strings)?;
+            if let Some((_, then)) = &expr.else_branch {
+                parse_expr(then, strings)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Expr::Match(block) => {
+            for arm in &block.arms {
+                parse_expr(&arm.body, strings)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        _ => Err(quote_spanned!(
+            expr.span() =>
+            compile_error!("expected last expression to be a format! macro or a match block")
+        )),
+    }
+}
--- a/ruff_macros/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ruff_macros/src/lib.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 )]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]

-use syn::{parse_macro_input, DeriveInput};
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use syn::{parse_macro_input, DeriveInput, ItemFn};

 mod config;
 mod define_rule_mapping;
+mod derive_message_formats;
 mod prefixes;
 mod rule_code_prefix;

@@ -29,17 +31,14 @@ pub fn derive_config(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream
        .into()
 }

-#[proc_macro_derive(RuleCodePrefix)]
-pub fn derive_rule_code_prefix(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
-    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
-
-    rule_code_prefix::derive_impl(input)
-        .unwrap_or_else(syn::Error::into_compile_error)
-        .into()
-}
-
 #[proc_macro]
 pub fn define_rule_mapping(item: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
    let mapping = parse_macro_input!(item as define_rule_mapping::Mapping);
-    define_rule_mapping::define_rule_mapping(mapping).into()
+    define_rule_mapping::define_rule_mapping(&mapping).into()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn derive_message_formats(_attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let func = parse_macro_input!(item as ItemFn);
+    derive_message_formats::derive_message_formats(&func).into()
 }
--- a/ruff_macros/src/rule_code_prefix.rs
+++ b/ruff_macros/src/rule_code_prefix.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use proc_macro2::Span;
 use quote::quote;
-use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
-use syn::token::Comma;
-use syn::{DataEnum, DeriveInput, Ident, Variant};
+use syn::Ident;

 const ALL: &str = "ALL";

@@ -86,43 +84,17 @@ pub static PREFIX_REDIRECTS: Lazy<HashMap<&'static str, &'static str>> = Lazy::n
    ])
 });

-pub fn derive_impl(input: DeriveInput) -> syn::Result<proc_macro2::TokenStream> {
-    let DeriveInput { ident, data, .. } = input;
-    let syn::Data::Enum(DataEnum { variants, .. }) = data else {
-        return Err(syn::Error::new(
-            ident.span(),
-            "Can only derive `RuleCodePrefix` from enums.",
-        ));
-    };
-
-    let prefix_ident = Ident::new(&format!("{ident}Prefix"), ident.span());
-    let prefix = expand(&ident, &prefix_ident, &variants);
-    let expanded = quote! {
-        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-        pub enum SuffixLength {
-            None,
-            Zero,
-            One,
-            Two,
-            Three,
-            Four,
-        }
-
-        #prefix
-    };
-    Ok(expanded)
-}
-
-fn expand(
-    ident: &Ident,
+pub fn expand<'a>(
+    rule_type: &Ident,
    prefix_ident: &Ident,
-    variants: &Punctuated<Variant, Comma>,
+    variants: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Ident>,
+    variant_name: impl Fn(&str) -> &'a Ident,
 ) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
    // Build up a map from prefix to matching RuleCodes.
    let mut prefix_to_codes: BTreeMap<Ident, BTreeSet<String>> = BTreeMap::default();
    for variant in variants {
-        let span = variant.ident.span();
-        let code_str = variant.ident.to_string();
+        let span = variant.span();
+        let code_str = variant.to_string();
        let code_prefix_len = code_str
            .chars()
            .take_while(|char| char.is_alphabetic())
@@ -158,7 +130,7 @@ fn expand(
        }
    });

-    let prefix_impl = generate_impls(ident, prefix_ident, &prefix_to_codes);
+    let prefix_impl = generate_impls(rule_type, prefix_ident, &prefix_to_codes, variant_name);

    let prefix_redirects = PREFIX_REDIRECTS.iter().map(|(alias, rule_code)| {
        let code = Ident::new(rule_code, Span::call_site());
@@ -168,6 +140,16 @@ fn expand(
    });

    quote! {
+        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+        pub enum SuffixLength {
+            None,
+            Zero,
+            One,
+            Two,
+            Three,
+            Four,
+        }
+
        #[derive(
            ::strum_macros::EnumString,
            ::strum_macros::AsRefStr,
@@ -196,16 +178,17 @@ fn expand(
    }
 }

-fn generate_impls(
-    ident: &Ident,
+fn generate_impls<'a>(
+    rule_type: &Ident,
    prefix_ident: &Ident,
    prefix_to_codes: &BTreeMap<Ident, BTreeSet<String>>,
+    variant_name: impl Fn(&str) -> &'a Ident,
 ) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
    let codes_match_arms = prefix_to_codes.iter().map(|(prefix, codes)| {
        let codes = codes.iter().map(|code| {
-            let code = Ident::new(code, Span::call_site());
+            let rule_variant = variant_name(code);
            quote! {
-                #ident::#code
+                #rule_type::#rule_variant
            }
        });
        let prefix_str = prefix.to_string();
@@ -265,7 +248,7 @@ fn generate_impls(

    quote! {
        impl #prefix_ident {
-            pub fn codes(&self) -> Vec<#ident> {
+            pub fn codes(&self) -> Vec<#rule_type> {
                use colored::Colorize;

                #[allow(clippy::match_same_arms)]
--- a/scripts/_utils.py
+++ b/scripts/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import os
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+
+def dir_name(origin: str) -> str:
+    return origin.replace("-", "_")
+
+
+def pascal_case(origin: str) -> str:
+    """Convert from snake-case to PascalCase."""
+    return "".join(word.title() for word in origin.split("-"))
+
+
+def get_indent(line: str) -> str:
+    return re.match(r"^\s*", line).group()  # pyright: ignore[reportOptionalMemberAccess]
--- a/scripts/add_plugin.py
+++ b/scripts/add_plugin.py
@@ -10,17 +10,8 @@ Example usage:

 import argparse
 import os
-from pathlib import Path

-ROOT_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-
-def dir_name(plugin: str) -> str:
-    return plugin.replace("-", "_")
-
-
-def pascal_case(plugin: str) -> str:
-    return "".join(word.title() for word in plugin.split("-"))
+from _utils import ROOT_DIR, dir_name, get_indent, pascal_case


 def main(*, plugin: str, url: str) -> None:
@@ -36,6 +27,7 @@ def main(*, plugin: str, url: str) -> None:
    with open(rust_module / "rules.rs", "w+") as fp:
        fp.write("use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;\n")
    with open(rust_module / "mod.rs", "w+") as fp:
+        fp.write(f"//! Rules from [{plugin}]({url}).\n")
        fp.write("pub(crate) mod rules;\n")
        fp.write("\n")
        fp.write(
@@ -47,11 +39,11 @@ mod tests {
    use anyhow::Result;
    use test_case::test_case;

-    use crate::registry::RuleCode;
+    use crate::registry::Rule;
    use crate::linter::test_path;
    use crate::settings;

-    fn rules(rule_code: RuleCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
        let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
        let diagnostics =test_path(
            Path::new("./resources/test/fixtures/%s")
@@ -76,35 +68,23 @@ mod tests {

    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/registry.rs", "w") as fp:
        for line in content.splitlines():
+            indent = get_indent(line)
+
            if line.strip() == "// Ruff":
-                indent = line.split("// Ruff")[0]
                fp.write(f"{indent}// {plugin}")
                fp.write("\n")

            elif line.strip() == "Ruff,":
-                indent = line.split("Ruff,")[0]
                fp.write(f"{indent}{pascal_case(plugin)},")
                fp.write("\n")

-            elif line.strip() == 'RuleOrigin::Ruff => "Ruff-specific rules",':
-                indent = line.split('RuleOrigin::Ruff => "Ruff-specific rules",')[0]
-                fp.write(f'{indent}RuleOrigin::{pascal_case(plugin)} => "{plugin}",')
-                fp.write("\n")
-
-            elif line.strip() == "RuleOrigin::Ruff => vec![RuleCodePrefix::RUF],":
-                indent = line.split("RuleOrigin::Ruff => vec![RuleCodePrefix::RUF],")[0]
+            elif line.strip() == "RuleOrigin::Ruff => Prefixes::Single(RuleCodePrefix::RUF),":
+                prefix = 'todo!("Fill-in prefix after generating codes")'
                fp.write(
-                    f"{indent}RuleOrigin::{pascal_case(plugin)} => vec![\n"
-                    f'{indent}    todo!("Fill-in prefix after generating codes")\n'
-                    f"{indent}],"
+                    f"{indent}RuleOrigin::{pascal_case(plugin)} => Prefixes::Single({prefix}),"
                )
                fp.write("\n")

-            elif line.strip() == "RuleOrigin::Ruff => None,":
-                indent = line.split("RuleOrigin::Ruff => None,")[0]
-                fp.write(f"{indent}RuleOrigin::{pascal_case(plugin)} => " f'Some(("{url}", &Platform::PyPI)),')
-                fp.write("\n")
-
            fp.write(line)
            fp.write("\n")

@@ -114,7 +94,7 @@ mod tests {
    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/violations.rs", "w") as fp:
        for line in content.splitlines():
            if line.strip() == "// Ruff":
-                indent = line.split("// Ruff")[0]
+                indent = get_indent(line)
                fp.write(f"{indent}// {plugin}")
                fp.write("\n")

--- a/scripts/add_rule.py
+++ b/scripts/add_rule.py
@@ -10,19 +10,8 @@ Example usage:
 """

 import argparse
-import os
-from pathlib import Path

-ROOT_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-
-def dir_name(origin: str) -> str:
-    return origin.replace("-", "_")
-
-
-def pascal_case(origin: str) -> str:
-    """Convert from snake-case to PascalCase."""
-    return "".join(word.title() for word in origin.split("-"))
+from _utils import ROOT_DIR, dir_name, get_indent


 def snake_case(name: str) -> str:
@@ -44,16 +33,16 @@ def main(*, name: str, code: str, origin: str) -> None:

    with open(mod_rs, "w") as fp:
        for line in content.splitlines():
-            if line.strip() == "fn rules(rule_code: RuleCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {":
-                indent = line.split("fn rules(rule_code: RuleCode, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {")[0]
-                fp.write(f'{indent}#[test_case(RuleCode::{code}, Path::new("{code}.py"); "{code}")]')
+            if line.strip() == "fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {":
+                indent = get_indent(line)
+                fp.write(f'{indent}#[test_case(Rule::{code}, Path::new("{code}.py"); "{code}")]')
                fp.write("\n")

            fp.write(line)
            fp.write("\n")

    # Add the relevant rule function.
-    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/rules" / dir_name(origin) / "rules.rs", "a") as fp:
+    with open(ROOT_DIR / "src/rules" / dir_name(origin) / (snake_case(name) + ".rs"), "w") as fp:
        fp.write(
            f"""
 /// {code}
@@ -76,16 +65,14 @@ pub fn {snake_case(name)}(checker: &mut Checker) {{}}
    pub struct %s;
 );
 impl Violation for %s {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
    fn message(&self) -> String {
-        todo!("Implement message")
-    }
-
-    fn placeholder() -> Self {
-        %s
+        todo!("implement message");
+        format!("TODO: write message")
    }
 }
 """
-                    % (name, name, name)
+                    % (name, name)
                )
                fp.write("\n")

@@ -102,7 +89,7 @@ impl Violation for %s {
            if has_written:
                continue

-            if line.startswith("define_rule_mapping!"):
+            if line.startswith("ruff_macros::define_rule_mapping!"):
                seen_macro = True
                continue

@@ -110,11 +97,13 @@ impl Violation for %s {
                continue

            if line.strip() == f"// {origin}":
-                indent = line.split("//")[0]
+                indent = get_indent(line)
                fp.write(f"{indent}{code} => violations::{name},")
                fp.write("\n")
                has_written = True

+    assert has_written
+

 if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/README.md
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# benchmarks
+
+Utilities for benchmarking Ruff.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+Run `./scripts/benchmarks/run.sh` to clone the benchmarking target (CPython).
+
+If you're looking to benchmark Ruff against other tools, you'll also need to run `poetry
+install` to create a virtual environment with the required dependencies.
+
+## Running Benchmarks
+
+Run `./scripts/benchmarks/run.sh` to run Ruff over the target repo (CPython). The
+`./scripts/benchmarks` folder contains a few other benchmarks (e.g., `scripts/benchmarks/run_comparisons.sh`
+compares Ruff to a variety of other tools).
+
+## Generating Plots
+
+The Vega specification for the benchmark plot depicted in the root README can be found at
+`scripts/benchmarks/graph-spec.json`. You can render this JSON spec in the [Vega Editor](https://vega.github.io/editor/#/edited).
+
+The images seen in the README are generated by exporting the rendered Vega spec as SVG (at around
+688px wide) and manually bolding the Ruff title and benchmark time. The dark mode variant is
+generated by changing the fill from `fill="#333333"` to `fill="#C9D1D9"`.
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/dark.svg
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/dark.svg
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/graph-spec.json
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/graph-spec.json
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v5.json",
+  "data": {
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "tool": "Ruff",
+        "time": 0.2943,
+        "timeFormat": "0.29s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Autoflake",
+        "time": 6.175,
+        "timeFormat": "6.18s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Flake8",
+        "time": 12.26,
+        "timeFormat": "12.26s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Pyflakes",
+        "time": 15.786,
+        "timeFormat": "15.79s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Pycodestyle",
+        "time": 46.921,
+        "timeFormat": "46.92s"
+      },
+      {
+        "tool": "Pylint",
+        "time": 62.0,
+        "timeFormat": "> 60s"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "params": [
+      {
+        "name": "defaultFont",
+        "value": "-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,\"Apple Color Emoji\",\"Segoe UI Emoji\""
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "titleColor",
+        "value": "#333333"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "labelColor",
+        "value": "#333333"
+      }
+    ],
+    "header": {
+      "labelFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFontWeight": 500
+    },
+    "text": {
+      "font": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "color": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      }
+    },
+    "mark": {
+      "font": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "color": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      }
+    },
+    "title": {
+      "font": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "subtitleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "fontWeight": 500
+    },
+    "axis": {
+      "labelColor": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      },
+      "labelFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFontWeight": 500,
+      "titleColor": {
+        "expr": "titleColor"
+      },
+      "titleFontSize": 12
+    },
+    "legend": {
+      "titleFontWeight": 500,
+      "titleColor": {
+        "expr": "titleColor"
+      },
+      "titleFontSize": 12,
+      "labelColor": {
+        "expr": "labelColor"
+      },
+      "labelFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      },
+      "titleFont": {
+        "expr": "defaultFont"
+      }
+    },
+    "view": {
+      "stroke": null
+    },
+    "background": "transparent"
+  },
+  "background": "transparent",
+  "encoding": {
+    "y": {
+      "field": "tool",
+      "type": "nominal",
+      "axis": {
+        "grid": false,
+        "title": null,
+        "labelFontSize": 12,
+        "ticks": false,
+        "labelPadding": 10,
+        "domain": false
+      },
+      "sort": null
+    },
+    "x": {
+      "field": "time",
+      "type": "quantitative",
+      "axis": {
+        "title": null,
+        "labelExpr": "datum.value + 's'",
+        "tickCount": 3,
+        "tickSize": 0,
+        "labelPadding": 6,
+        "labelAlign": "center",
+        "labelFontSize": 12,
+        "tickColor": "rgba(127,127,127,0.25)",
+        "gridColor": "rgba(127,127,127,0.25)",
+        "domain": false
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "height": 140,
+  "width": "container",
+  "layer": [
+    {
+      "mark": "bar",
+      "encoding": {
+        "size": {
+          "value": 13
+        },
+        "color": {
+          "value": "#E15759"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "transform": [
+        {
+          "filter": "datum.tool !== 'ruff'"
+        }
+      ],
+      "mark": {
+        "type": "text",
+        "align": "left",
+        "baseline": "middle",
+        "dx": 6,
+        "fontSize": 12
+      },
+      "encoding": {
+        "text": {
+          "field": "timeFormat"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "transform": [
+        {
+          "filter": "datum.tool === 'ruff'"
+        }
+      ],
+      "mark": {
+        "type": "text",
+        "align": "left",
+        "baseline": "middle",
+        "dx": 6,
+        "fontSize": 12,
+        "fontWeight": "bold"
+      },
+      "encoding": {
+        "text": {
+          "field": "timeFormat"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/light.svg
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/light.svg
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/poetry.lock
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/poetry.lock
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/pyproject.toml
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+[tool.poetry]
+name = "scripts"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = ""
+authors = ["Charles Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = ">=3.10,<3.12"
+autoflake = "^2.0.0"
+flake8 = "^6.0.0"
+pycodestyle = "^2.10.0"
+pyflakes = "^3.0.1"
+pylint = "^2.15.10"
+black = "^22.12.0"
+isort = "^5.11.4"
+flake8-2020 = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-annotations = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-bandit = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-blind-except = { version = "*", optional = true }
+# flake8-boolean-trap = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-bugbear = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-builtins = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-commas = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-comprehensions = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-datetimez = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-debugger = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-docstrings = { version = "*", optional = true }
+# flake8-eradicate = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-errmsg = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-implicit-str-concat = { version = "*", optional = true }
+# flake8-import-conventions = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-isort = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-pie = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-print = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-quotes = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-return = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-simplify = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-super = { version = "*", optional = true }
+flake8-tidy-imports = { version = "*", optional = true }
+pandas-vet = { version = "*", optional = true }
+pep8-naming = { version = "*", optional = true }
+
+[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
+
+[tool.poetry.extras]
+plugins = [
+  "flake8-2020",
+  "flake8-annotations",
+  "flake8-bandit",
+  "flake8-blind-except",
+  # "flake8-boolean-trap",
+  "flake8-bugbear",
+  "flake8-builtins",
+  "flake8-commas",
+  "flake8-comprehensions",
+  "flake8-datetimez",
+  "flake8-debugger",
+  "flake8-docstrings",
+  # "flake8-eradicate",
+  "flake8-errmsg",
+  "flake8-implicit-str-concat",
+  # "flake8-import-conventions",
+  "flake8-isort",
+  "flake8-pie",
+  "flake8-print",
+  "flake8-quotes",
+  "flake8-return",
+  "flake8-simplify",
+  "flake8-super",
+  "flake8-tidy-imports",
+  "pandas-vet",
+  "pep8-naming",
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/run.sh
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff on the CPython codebase.
+###
+
+cargo build --release && hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 10 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache"
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/run_all.sh
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/run_all.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff's performance against a variety of similar tools, suppressing output as much as
+# possible (so as to reduce I/O overhead).
+###
+
+# Note: Flake8's `checker.py` requires the following variant of `mp_run`:
+#   def _mp_run(filename: str) -> tuple[str, Results, dict[str, int]]:
+#       try:
+#           return FileChecker(
+#               filename=filename, plugins=_mp_plugins, options=_mp_options
+#           ).run_checks()
+#       except:
+#           return (filename, [], {
+#               "files": 0,
+#               "logical lines": 0,
+#               "physical lines": 0,
+#               "tokens": 0,
+#           })
+
+hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --select ALL" \
+  "flake8 resources/test/cpython -qq --docstring-convention=all" \
+  "pycodestyle resources/test/cpython -qq" \
+  "pylint resources/test/cpython -j 0  --recursive=y --disable=E,W,C,R"
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/run_comparisons.sh
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/run_comparisons.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff's performance against a variety of similar tools.
+###
+
+hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache" \
+  "pyflakes resources/test/cpython" \
+  "autoflake --recursive --expand-star-imports --remove-all-unused-imports --remove-unused-variables --remove-duplicate-keys resources/test/cpython" \
+  "pycodestyle resources/test/cpython" \
+  "flake8 resources/test/cpython"
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/run_plugins.sh
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/run_plugins.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark the incremental performance of each subsequent plugin.
+###
+
+cargo build --release && hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 10 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select C90" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select I" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select D" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select UP" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select N" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select YTT" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ANN" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select S" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select BLE" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select FBT" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select B" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select A" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select C4" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select T10" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select EM" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ISC" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ICN" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select T20" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PT" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select Q" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select RET" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select SIM" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select TID" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ARG" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select DTZ" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select ERA" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PD" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PGH" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLC" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLE" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLR" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PLW" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select PIE" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select COM" \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent --extend-select RUF"
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/run_silent.sh
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/run_silent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Benchmark Ruff's performance against a variety of similar tools, suppressing output as much as
+# possible (so as to reduce I/O overhead).
+###
+
+hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
+  "./target/release/ruff ./resources/test/cpython/ --no-cache --silent" \
+  "pycodestyle resources/test/cpython -qq" \
+  "flake8 resources/test/cpython -qq" \
+  "pylint resources/test/cpython -j 0  --recursive=y --disable=E,W,C,R"
--- a/scripts/benchmarks/setup.sh
+++ b/scripts/benchmarks/setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+###
+# Setup the CPython repository to enable benchmarking.
+###
+
+git clone --branch 3.10 https://github.com/python/cpython.git resources/test/cpython
--- a/scripts/poetry.lock
+++ b/scripts/poetry.lock
@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry and should not be changed by hand.
-
-[[package]]
-name = "astroid"
-version = "2.12.13"
-description = "An abstract syntax tree for Python with inference support."
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7.2"
-files = [
-    {file = "astroid-2.12.13-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:10e0ad5f7b79c435179d0d0f0df69998c4eef4597534aae44910db060baeb907"},
-    {file = "astroid-2.12.13.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1493fe8bd3dfd73dc35bd53c9d5b6e49ead98497c47b2307662556a5692d29d7"},
-]
-
-[package.dependencies]
-lazy-object-proxy = ">=1.4.0"
-wrapt = {version = ">=1.11,<2", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-
-[[package]]
-name = "autoflake"
-version = "1.7.8"
-description = "Removes unused imports and unused variables"
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
-files = [
-    {file = "autoflake-1.7.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46373ef69b6714f5064c923bb28bd797c4f8a9497f557d87fc36665c6d956b39"},
-    {file = "autoflake-1.7.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e7e46372dee46fa1c97acf310d99d922b63d369718a270809d7c278d34a194cf"},
-]
-
-[package.dependencies]
-pyflakes = ">=1.1.0,<3"
-tomli = {version = ">=2.0.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-
-[[package]]
-name = "colorama"
-version = "0.4.6"
-description = "Cross-platform colored terminal text."
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,!=3.6.*,>=2.7"
-files = [
-    {file = "colorama-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4f1d9991f5acc0ca119f9d443620b77f9d6b33703e51011c16baf57afb285fc6"},
-    {file = "colorama-0.4.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:08695f5cb7ed6e0531a20572697297273c47b8cae5a63ffc6d6ed5c201be6e44"},
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "dill"
-version = "0.3.6"
-description = "serialize all of python"
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
-files = [
-    {file = "dill-0.3.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a07ffd2351b8c678dfc4a856a3005f8067aea51d6ba6c700796a4d9e280f39f0"},
-    {file = "dill-0.3.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e5db55f3687856d8fbdab002ed78544e1c4559a130302693d839dfe8f93f2373"},
-]
-
-[package.extras]
-graph = ["objgraph (>=1.7.2)"]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "flake8"
-version = "5.0.4"
-description = "the modular source code checker: pep8 pyflakes and co"
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.6.1"
-files = [
-    {file = "flake8-5.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7a1cf6b73744f5806ab95e526f6f0d8c01c66d7bbe349562d22dfca20610b248"},
-    {file = "flake8-5.0.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6fbe320aad8d6b95cec8b8e47bc933004678dc63095be98528b7bdd2a9f510db"},
-]
-
-[package.dependencies]
-mccabe = ">=0.7.0,<0.8.0"
-pycodestyle = ">=2.9.0,<2.10.0"
-pyflakes = ">=2.5.0,<2.6.0"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "isort"
-version = "5.11.4"
-description = "A Python utility / library to sort Python imports."
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7.0"
-files = [
-    {file = "isort-5.11.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c033fd0edb91000a7f09527fe5c75321878f98322a77ddcc81adbd83724afb7b"},
-    {file = "isort-5.11.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6db30c5ded9815d813932c04c2f85a360bcdd35fed496f4d8f35495ef0a261b6"},
-]
-
-[package.extras]
-colors = ["colorama (>=0.4.3,<0.5.0)"]
-pipfile-deprecated-finder = ["pipreqs", "requirementslib"]
-plugins = ["setuptools"]
-requirements-deprecated-finder = ["pip-api", "pipreqs"]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lazy-object-proxy"
-version = "1.8.0"
-description = "A fast and thorough lazy object proxy."
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
-files = [
-    {file = "lazy-object-proxy-1.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c219a00245af0f6fa4e95901ed28044544f50152840c5b6a3e7b2568db34d156"},
-    {file = "lazy_object_proxy-1.8.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4fd031589121ad46e293629b39604031d354043bb5cdf83da4e93c2d7f3389fe"},
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-    {file = "lazy_object_proxy-1.8.0-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:0c1c7c0433154bb7c54185714c6929acc0ba04ee1b167314a779b9025517eada"},
-    {file = "lazy_object_proxy-1.8.0-cp38-cp38-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:d176f392dbbdaacccf15919c77f526edf11a34aece58b55ab58539807b85436f"},
-    {file = "lazy_object_proxy-1.8.0-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:afcaa24e48bb23b3be31e329deb3f1858f1f1df86aea3d70cb5c8578bfe5261c"},
-    {file = "lazy_object_proxy-1.8.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:71d9ae8a82203511a6f60ca5a1b9f8ad201cac0fc75038b2dc5fa519589c9288"},
-    {file = "lazy_object_proxy-1.8.0-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:8f6ce2118a90efa7f62dd38c7dbfffd42f468b180287b748626293bf12ed468f"},
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-
 [tool.ruff]
-line-length = 120
-select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "C", "RET", "ANN", "UP"]
-target-version = "py310"
+select = ["ALL"]
+ignore = [
+    "S101", # assert-used
+    "PLR2004", # magic-value-comparison
+]

-[tool.poetry]
-name = "scripts"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = ""
-authors = ["Charles Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>"]
-
-[tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = ">=3.10,<3.11"
-autoflake = "^1.4"
-flake8 = "^5.0.4"
-pycodestyle = "^2.9.1"
-pyflakes = "^2.5.0"
-pylint = "^2.15.0"
-
-[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
-
-[build-system]
-requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
-build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
+[tool.ruff.pydocstyle]
+convention = "pep257"
--- a/scripts/run_flake8.py
+++ b/scripts/run_flake8.py
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Wrapper around Flake8 to enable multiprocessing on all operating systems.
-
-As of Python 3.8, macOS's default "start method" for multiprocessing is `spawn`. Flake8
-requires a "start method" of `fork`, and disables multiprocessing if it detects `spawn`
-or some other "start method". This script enables the `fork` start method before passing
-along any command-line arguments to `flake8`.
-
-This has never caused me any problems, but note that they disabled this for a reason:
-Flake8's plugin interface doesn't work with `spawn`, and the maintainer says that `fork`
-is "pretty broken" on macOS.
-
-See:
-
- https://github.com/pycqa/flake8/issues/955
- https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/issues/1337
- https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/issues/342
- https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/pull/1621
-
-Example usage: python -m run_flake8 --select=E501 .
-"""
-import multiprocessing
-import sys
-
-from flake8.main import cli
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    multiprocessing.set_start_method("fork", force=True)
-    cli.main(sys.argv[1:])
--- a/src/ast/function_type.rs
+++ b/src/ast/function_type.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn classify(
            checker.resolve_call_path(expr).map_or(false, |call_path| {
                METACLASS_BASES
                    .iter()
-                    .any(|(module, member)| call_path == [*module, *member])
+                    .any(|(module, member)| call_path.as_slice() == [*module, *member])
            })
        })
        || decorator_list.iter().any(|expr| {
--- a/src/ast/helpers.rs
+++ b/src/ast/helpers.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ use rustpython_ast::{
 use rustpython_parser::lexer;
 use rustpython_parser::lexer::Tok;
 use rustpython_parser::token::StringKind;
+use smallvec::smallvec;

-use crate::ast::types::{Binding, BindingKind, Range};
+use crate::ast::types::{Binding, BindingKind, CallPath, Range};
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::source_code::{Generator, Indexer, Locator, Stylist};

@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ pub fn unparse_stmt(stmt: &Stmt, stylist: &Stylist) -> String {
    generator.generate()
 }

-fn collect_call_path_inner<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, parts: &mut Vec<&'a str>) {
+fn collect_call_path_inner<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, parts: &mut CallPath<'a>) {
    match &expr.node {
        ExprKind::Call { func, .. } => {
            collect_call_path_inner(func, parts);
@@ -55,9 +56,9 @@ fn collect_call_path_inner<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, parts: &mut Vec<&'a str>) {
    }
 }

-/// Convert an `Expr` to its call path segments (like ["typing", "List"]).
-pub fn collect_call_path(expr: &Expr) -> Vec<&str> {
-    let mut segments = vec![];
+/// Convert an `Expr` to its [`CallPath`] segments (like `["typing", "List"]`).
+pub fn collect_call_path(expr: &Expr) -> CallPath {
+    let mut segments = smallvec![];
    collect_call_path_inner(expr, &mut segments);
    segments
 }
@@ -90,7 +91,47 @@ pub fn contains_call_path(checker: &Checker, expr: &Expr, target: &[&str]) -> bo
    any_over_expr(expr, &|expr| {
        checker
            .resolve_call_path(expr)
-            .map_or(false, |call_path| call_path == target)
+            .map_or(false, |call_path| call_path.as_slice() == target)
+    })
+}
+
+/// Return `true` if the `Expr` contains an expression that appears to include a
+/// side-effect (like a function call).
+pub fn contains_effect(checker: &Checker, expr: &Expr) -> bool {
+    any_over_expr(expr, &|expr| {
+        // Accept empty initializers.
+        if let ExprKind::Call {
+            func,
+            args,
+            keywords,
+        } = &expr.node
+        {
+            if args.is_empty() && keywords.is_empty() {
+                if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
+                    let is_empty_initializer = (id == "set"
+                        || id == "list"
+                        || id == "tuple"
+                        || id == "dict"
+                        || id == "frozenset")
+                        && checker.is_builtin(id);
+                    return !is_empty_initializer;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, avoid all complex expressions.
+        matches!(
+            expr.node,
+            ExprKind::Await { .. }
+                | ExprKind::Call { .. }
+                | ExprKind::DictComp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::ListComp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::SetComp { .. }
+                | ExprKind::Subscript { .. }
+                | ExprKind::Yield { .. }
+                | ExprKind::YieldFrom { .. }
+        )
    })
 }

@@ -274,7 +315,9 @@ pub fn has_non_none_keyword(keywords: &[Keyword], keyword: &str) -> bool {
 }

 /// Extract the names of all handled exceptions.
-pub fn extract_handler_names(handlers: &[Excepthandler]) -> Vec<Vec<&str>> {
+pub fn extract_handler_names(handlers: &[Excepthandler]) -> Vec<CallPath> {
+    // TODO(charlie): Use `resolve_call_path` to avoid false positives for
+    // overridden builtins.
    let mut handler_names = vec![];
    for handler in handlers {
        match &handler.node {
@@ -322,10 +365,9 @@ pub fn collect_arg_names<'a>(arguments: &'a Arguments) -> FxHashSet<&'a str> {
 }

 /// Returns `true` if a statement or expression includes at least one comment.
-pub fn has_comments<T>(located: &Located<T>, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
-    lexer::make_tokenizer(&locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(located)))
-        .flatten()
-        .any(|(_, tok, _)| matches!(tok, Tok::Comment(..)))
+pub fn has_comments_in(range: Range, locator: &Locator) -> bool {
+    lexer::make_tokenizer(&locator.slice_source_code_range(&range))
+        .any(|result| result.map_or(false, |(_, tok, _)| matches!(tok, Tok::Comment(..))))
 }

 /// Returns `true` if a call is an argumented `super` invocation.
@@ -377,11 +419,11 @@ pub fn format_import_from_member(
 }

 /// Split a target string (like `typing.List`) into (`typing`, `List`).
-pub fn to_call_path(target: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+pub fn to_call_path(target: &str) -> CallPath {
    if target.contains('.') {
        target.split('.').collect()
    } else {
-        vec!["", target]
+        smallvec!["", target]
    }
 }

--- a/src/ast/types.rs
+++ b/src/ast/types.rs
@@ -242,3 +242,5 @@ impl<'a> From<&RefEquality<'a, Expr>> for &'a Expr {
        r.0
    }
 }
+
+pub type CallPath<'a> = smallvec::SmallVec<[&'a str; 8]>;
--- a/src/ast/whitespace.rs
+++ b/src/ast/whitespace.rs
@@ -4,15 +4,20 @@ use std::str::Lines;
 use rustpython_ast::{Located, Location};

 use crate::ast::types::Range;
-use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+use crate::source_code::Locator;

 /// Extract the leading indentation from a line.
-pub fn indentation<'a, T>(checker: &'a Checker, located: &'a Located<T>) -> Cow<'a, str> {
+pub fn indentation<'a, T>(locator: &'a Locator, located: &'a Located<T>) -> Option<Cow<'a, str>> {
    let range = Range::from_located(located);
-    checker.locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::new(
+    let indentation = locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range::new(
        Location::new(range.location.row(), 0),
        Location::new(range.location.row(), range.location.column()),
-    ))
+    ));
+    if indentation.chars().all(char::is_whitespace) {
+        Some(indentation)
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
 }

 /// Extract the leading words from a line of text.
--- a/src/checkers/ast.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/ast.rs
--- a/src/checkers/filesystem.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/filesystem.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, Rule};
+use crate::rules::flake8_no_pep420::rules::implicit_namespace_package;
+use crate::settings::Settings;
+
+pub fn check_file_path(path: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> Vec<Diagnostic> {
+    let mut diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic> = vec![];
+
+    // flake8-no-pep420
+    if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::ImplicitNamespacePackage) {
+        if let Some(diagnostic) = implicit_namespace_package(path) {
+            diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+        }
+    }
+
+    diagnostics
+}
--- a/src/checkers/imports.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/imports.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustpython_parser::ast::Suite;

 use crate::ast::visitor::Visitor;
 use crate::directives::IsortDirectives;
-use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, RuleCode};
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, Rule};
 use crate::rules::isort;
 use crate::rules::isort::track::{Block, ImportTracker};
 use crate::settings::{flags, Settings};
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn check_imports(

    // Enforce import rules.
    let mut diagnostics = vec![];
-    if settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::I001) {
+    if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::UnsortedImports) {
        for block in &blocks {
            if !block.imports.is_empty() {
                if let Some(diagnostic) = isort::rules::organize_imports(
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn check_imports(
            }
        }
    }
-    if settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::I002) {
+    if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::MissingRequiredImport) {
        diagnostics.extend(isort::rules::add_required_imports(
            &blocks, python_ast, locator, settings, autofix,
        ));
--- a/src/checkers/lines.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/lines.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Lint rules based on checking raw physical lines.

-use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, RuleCode};
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, Rule};
 use crate::rules::pycodestyle::rules::{
    doc_line_too_long, line_too_long, no_newline_at_end_of_file,
 };
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ pub fn check_lines(
 ) -> Vec<Diagnostic> {
    let mut diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic> = vec![];

-    let enforce_blanket_noqa = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::PGH004);
-    let enforce_blanket_type_ignore = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::PGH003);
-    let enforce_doc_line_too_long = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::W505);
-    let enforce_line_too_long = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::E501);
-    let enforce_no_newline_at_end_of_file = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::W292);
-    let enforce_unnecessary_coding_comment = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::UP009);
+    let enforce_blanket_noqa = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::BlanketNOQA);
+    let enforce_blanket_type_ignore = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::BlanketTypeIgnore);
+    let enforce_doc_line_too_long = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::DocLineTooLong);
+    let enforce_line_too_long = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::LineTooLong);
+    let enforce_no_newline_at_end_of_file = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::NoNewLineAtEndOfFile);
+    let enforce_unnecessary_coding_comment = settings
+        .rules
+        .enabled(&Rule::PEP3120UnnecessaryCodingComment);

    let mut commented_lines_iter = commented_lines.iter().peekable();
    let mut doc_lines_iter = doc_lines.iter().peekable();
@@ -37,7 +39,9 @@ pub fn check_lines(
                        index,
                        line,
                        matches!(autofix, flags::Autofix::Enabled)
-                            && settings.fixable.contains(&RuleCode::UP009),
+                            && settings
+                                .rules
+                                .should_fix(&Rule::PEP3120UnnecessaryCodingComment),
                    ) {
                        diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
                    }
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn check_lines(
        if let Some(diagnostic) = no_newline_at_end_of_file(
            contents,
            matches!(autofix, flags::Autofix::Enabled)
-                && settings.fixable.contains(&RuleCode::W292),
+                && settings.rules.should_fix(&Rule::NoNewLineAtEndOfFile),
        ) {
            diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
        }
@@ -92,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn check_lines(
 mod tests {

    use super::check_lines;
-    use crate::registry::RuleCode;
+    use crate::registry::Rule;
    use crate::settings::{flags, Settings};

    #[test]
@@ -105,7 +109,7 @@ mod tests {
                &[],
                &Settings {
                    line_length,
-                    ..Settings::for_rule(RuleCode::E501)
+                    ..Settings::for_rule(Rule::LineTooLong)
                },
                flags::Autofix::Enabled,
            )
--- a/src/checkers/mod.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod ast;
+pub mod filesystem;
 pub mod imports;
 pub mod lines;
 pub mod noqa;
--- a/src/checkers/noqa.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/noqa.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 //! `NoQA` enforcement and validation.

-use std::str::FromStr;
-
 use nohash_hasher::IntMap;
 use rustpython_parser::ast::Location;

 use crate::ast::types::Range;
 use crate::fix::Fix;
 use crate::noqa::{is_file_exempt, Directive};
-use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticKind, RuleCode, CODE_REDIRECTS};
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticKind, Rule, CODE_REDIRECTS};
 use crate::settings::{flags, Settings};
 use crate::violations::UnusedCodes;
 use crate::{noqa, violations};
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
    let mut noqa_directives: IntMap<usize, (Directive, Vec<&str>)> = IntMap::default();
    let mut ignored = vec![];

-    let enforce_noqa = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::RUF100);
+    let enforce_noqa = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::UnusedNOQA);

    let lines: Vec<&str> = contents.lines().collect();
    for lineno in commented_lines {
@@ -56,13 +54,13 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
                });
                match noqa {
                    (Directive::All(..), matches) => {
-                        matches.push(diagnostic.kind.code().as_ref());
+                        matches.push(diagnostic.kind.rule().code());
                        ignored.push(index);
                        continue;
                    }
                    (Directive::Codes(.., codes), matches) => {
-                        if noqa::includes(diagnostic.kind.code(), codes) {
-                            matches.push(diagnostic.kind.code().as_ref());
+                        if noqa::includes(diagnostic.kind.rule(), codes) {
+                            matches.push(diagnostic.kind.rule().code());
                            ignored.push(index);
                            continue;
                        }
@@ -83,12 +81,12 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
                .or_insert_with(|| (noqa::extract_noqa_directive(lines[noqa_lineno - 1]), vec![]));
            match noqa {
                (Directive::All(..), matches) => {
-                    matches.push(diagnostic.kind.code().as_ref());
+                    matches.push(diagnostic.kind.rule().code());
                    ignored.push(index);
                }
                (Directive::Codes(.., codes), matches) => {
-                    if noqa::includes(diagnostic.kind.code(), codes) {
-                        matches.push(diagnostic.kind.code().as_ref());
+                    if noqa::includes(diagnostic.kind.rule(), codes) {
+                        matches.push(diagnostic.kind.rule().code());
                        ignored.push(index);
                    }
                }
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
                            Range::new(Location::new(row + 1, start), Location::new(row + 1, end)),
                        );
                        if matches!(autofix, flags::Autofix::Enabled)
-                            && settings.fixable.contains(diagnostic.kind.code())
+                            && settings.rules.should_fix(diagnostic.kind.rule())
                        {
                            diagnostic.amend(Fix::deletion(
                                Location::new(row + 1, start - spaces),
@@ -125,8 +123,8 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
                    let mut valid_codes = vec![];
                    let mut self_ignore = false;
                    for code in codes {
-                        let code = CODE_REDIRECTS.get(code).map_or(code, AsRef::as_ref);
-                        if code == RuleCode::RUF100.as_ref() {
+                        let code = CODE_REDIRECTS.get(code).map_or(code, |r| r.code());
+                        if code == Rule::UnusedNOQA.code() {
                            self_ignore = true;
                            break;
                        }
@@ -134,8 +132,8 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
                        if matches.contains(&code) || settings.external.contains(code) {
                            valid_codes.push(code);
                        } else {
-                            if let Ok(rule_code) = RuleCode::from_str(code) {
-                                if settings.enabled.contains(&rule_code) {
+                            if let Ok(rule) = Rule::from_code(code) {
+                                if settings.rules.enabled(rule) {
                                    unmatched_codes.push(code);
                                } else {
                                    disabled_codes.push(code);
@@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ pub fn check_noqa(
                            Range::new(Location::new(row + 1, start), Location::new(row + 1, end)),
                        );
                        if matches!(autofix, flags::Autofix::Enabled)
-                            && settings.fixable.contains(diagnostic.kind.code())
+                            && settings.rules.should_fix(diagnostic.kind.rule())
                        {
                            if valid_codes.is_empty() {
                                diagnostic.amend(Fix::deletion(
--- a/src/checkers/tokens.rs
+++ b/src/checkers/tokens.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 use rustpython_parser::lexer::{LexResult, Tok};

 use crate::lex::docstring_detection::StateMachine;
-use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, RuleCode};
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, Rule};
 use crate::rules::ruff::rules::Context;
 use crate::rules::{
-    eradicate, flake8_commas, flake8_implicit_str_concat, flake8_quotes, pycodestyle, ruff,
+    eradicate, flake8_commas, flake8_implicit_str_concat, flake8_quotes, pycodestyle, pyupgrade,
+    ruff,
 };
 use crate::settings::{flags, Settings};
 use crate::source_code::Locator;
@@ -19,20 +20,33 @@ pub fn check_tokens(
 ) -> Vec<Diagnostic> {
    let mut diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic> = vec![];

-    let enforce_ambiguous_unicode_character = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::RUF001)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::RUF002)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::RUF003);
-    let enforce_quotes = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::Q000)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::Q001)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::Q002)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::Q003);
-    let enforce_commented_out_code = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::ERA001);
-    let enforce_invalid_escape_sequence = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::W605);
-    let enforce_implicit_string_concatenation = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::ISC001)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::ISC002);
-    let enforce_trailing_comma = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::COM812)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::COM818)
-        || settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::COM819);
+    let enforce_ambiguous_unicode_character = settings
+        .rules
+        .enabled(&Rule::AmbiguousUnicodeCharacterString)
+        || settings
+            .rules
+            .enabled(&Rule::AmbiguousUnicodeCharacterDocstring)
+        || settings
+            .rules
+            .enabled(&Rule::AmbiguousUnicodeCharacterComment);
+    let enforce_quotes = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::BadQuotesInlineString)
+        || settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::BadQuotesMultilineString)
+        || settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::BadQuotesDocstring)
+        || settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::AvoidQuoteEscape);
+    let enforce_commented_out_code = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::CommentedOutCode);
+    let enforce_invalid_escape_sequence = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::InvalidEscapeSequence);
+    let enforce_implicit_string_concatenation = settings
+        .rules
+        .enabled(&Rule::SingleLineImplicitStringConcatenation)
+        || settings
+            .rules
+            .enabled(&Rule::MultiLineImplicitStringConcatenation);
+    let enforce_trailing_comma = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::TrailingCommaMissing)
+        || settings
+            .rules
+            .enabled(&Rule::TrailingCommaOnBareTupleProhibited)
+        || settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::TrailingCommaProhibited);
+    let enforce_extraneous_parenthesis = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::ExtraneousParentheses);

    let mut state_machine = StateMachine::default();
    for &(start, ref tok, end) in tokens.iter().flatten() {
@@ -75,7 +89,7 @@ pub fn check_tokens(
                    settings,
                    autofix,
                ) {
-                    if settings.enabled.contains(diagnostic.kind.code()) {
+                    if settings.rules.enabled(diagnostic.kind.rule()) {
                        diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
                    }
                }
@@ -101,7 +115,7 @@ pub fn check_tokens(
                    start,
                    end,
                    matches!(autofix, flags::Autofix::Enabled)
-                        && settings.fixable.contains(&RuleCode::W605),
+                        && settings.rules.should_fix(&Rule::InvalidEscapeSequence),
                ));
            }
        }
@@ -112,16 +126,24 @@ pub fn check_tokens(
        diagnostics.extend(
            flake8_implicit_str_concat::rules::implicit(tokens)
                .into_iter()
-                .filter(|diagnostic| settings.enabled.contains(diagnostic.kind.code())),
+                .filter(|diagnostic| settings.rules.enabled(diagnostic.kind.rule())),
        );
    }

    // COM812, COM818, COM819
    if enforce_trailing_comma {
        diagnostics.extend(
-            flake8_commas::rules::trailing_commas(tokens, locator)
+            flake8_commas::rules::trailing_commas(tokens, settings, autofix)
                .into_iter()
-                .filter(|diagnostic| settings.enabled.contains(diagnostic.kind.code())),
+                .filter(|diagnostic| settings.rules.enabled(diagnostic.kind.rule())),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // UP034
+    if enforce_extraneous_parenthesis {
+        diagnostics.extend(
+            pyupgrade::rules::extraneous_parentheses(tokens, locator, settings, autofix)
+                .into_iter(),
        );
    }

--- a/src/directives.rs
+++ b/src/directives.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ bitflags! {
 impl Flags {
    pub fn from_settings(settings: &Settings) -> Self {
        if settings
-            .enabled
-            .iter()
+            .rules
+            .iter_enabled()
            .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::Imports))
        {
            Flags::NOQA | Flags::ISORT
--- a/src/docstrings/constants.rs
+++ b/src/docstrings/constants.rs
@@ -7,3 +7,7 @@ pub const TRIPLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &[
 pub const SINGLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &[
    "u\"", "u'", "r\"", "r'", "u\"", "u'", "r\"", "r'", "U\"", "U'", "R\"", "R'", "\"", "'",
 ];
+
+pub const TRIPLE_QUOTE_SUFFIXES: &[&str] = &["\"\"\"", "'''"];
+
+pub const SINGLE_QUOTE_SUFFIXES: &[&str] = &["\"", "'"];
--- a/src/flake8_to_ruff/converter.rs
+++ b/src/flake8_to_ruff/converter.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::rules::flake8_pytest_style::types::{
    ParametrizeNameType, ParametrizeValuesRowType, ParametrizeValuesType,
 };
 use crate::rules::flake8_quotes::settings::Quote;
-use crate::rules::flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Strictness;
+use crate::rules::flake8_tidy_imports::relative_imports::Strictness;
 use crate::rules::pydocstyle::settings::Convention;
 use crate::rules::{
    flake8_annotations, flake8_bugbear, flake8_errmsg, flake8_pytest_style, flake8_quotes,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ pub fn convert(
    let mut flake8_errmsg = flake8_errmsg::settings::Options::default();
    let mut flake8_pytest_style = flake8_pytest_style::settings::Options::default();
    let mut flake8_quotes = flake8_quotes::settings::Options::default();
-    let mut flake8_tidy_imports = flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Options::default();
+    let mut flake8_tidy_imports = flake8_tidy_imports::options::Options::default();
    let mut mccabe = mccabe::settings::Options::default();
    let mut pep8_naming = pep8_naming::settings::Options::default();
    let mut pydocstyle = pydocstyle::settings::Options::default();
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ pub fn convert(
    if flake8_quotes != flake8_quotes::settings::Options::default() {
        options.flake8_quotes = Some(flake8_quotes);
    }
-    if flake8_tidy_imports != flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Options::default() {
+    if flake8_tidy_imports != flake8_tidy_imports::options::Options::default() {
        options.flake8_tidy_imports = Some(flake8_tidy_imports);
    }
    if mccabe != mccabe::settings::Options::default() {
@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ mod tests {
            pep8_naming: None,
            pycodestyle: None,
            pydocstyle: None,
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
@@ -520,6 +521,7 @@ mod tests {
            pep8_naming: None,
            pycodestyle: None,
            pydocstyle: None,
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
@@ -586,6 +588,7 @@ mod tests {
            pep8_naming: None,
            pycodestyle: None,
            pydocstyle: None,
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
@@ -652,6 +655,7 @@ mod tests {
            pep8_naming: None,
            pycodestyle: None,
            pydocstyle: None,
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
@@ -723,6 +727,7 @@ mod tests {
            pep8_naming: None,
            pycodestyle: None,
            pydocstyle: None,
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
@@ -795,6 +800,7 @@ mod tests {
            pydocstyle: Some(pydocstyle::settings::Options {
                convention: Some(Convention::Numpy),
            }),
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
@@ -867,6 +873,7 @@ mod tests {
            pep8_naming: None,
            pycodestyle: None,
            pydocstyle: None,
+            pylint: None,
            pyupgrade: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
--- a/src/fs.rs
+++ b/src/fs.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ use std::io::{BufReader, Read};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use globset::GlobMatcher;
 use path_absolutize::{path_dedot, Absolutize};
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;

-use crate::registry::RuleCode;
+use crate::registry::Rule;
+use crate::settings::hashable::{HashableGlobMatcher, HashableHashSet};

 /// Extract the absolute path and basename (as strings) from a Path.
 pub fn extract_path_names(path: &Path) -> Result<(&str, &str)> {
@@ -26,15 +26,19 @@ pub fn extract_path_names(path: &Path) -> Result<(&str, &str)> {
 /// Create a set with codes matching the pattern/code pairs.
 pub(crate) fn ignores_from_path<'a>(
    path: &Path,
-    pattern_code_pairs: &'a [(GlobMatcher, GlobMatcher, FxHashSet<RuleCode>)],
-) -> Result<FxHashSet<&'a RuleCode>> {
+    pattern_code_pairs: &'a [(
+        HashableGlobMatcher,
+        HashableGlobMatcher,
+        HashableHashSet<Rule>,
+    )],
+) -> Result<FxHashSet<&'a Rule>> {
    let (file_path, file_basename) = extract_path_names(path)?;
    Ok(pattern_code_pairs
        .iter()
        .filter(|(absolute, basename, _)| {
            basename.is_match(file_basename) || absolute.is_match(file_path)
        })
-        .flat_map(|(_, _, codes)| codes)
+        .flat_map(|(_, _, codes)| codes.iter())
        .collect())
 }

--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 )]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]

-extern crate core;
-
 mod ast;
 mod autofix;
 pub mod cache;
@@ -49,6 +47,7 @@ mod violations;
 mod visibility;

 use cfg_if::cfg_if;
+pub use violation::{AutofixKind, Availability as AutofixAvailability};
 pub use violations::IOError;

 cfg_if! {
--- a/src/lib_wasm.rs
+++ b/src/lib_wasm.rs
@@ -7,17 +7,16 @@ use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;

 use crate::directives;
 use crate::linter::check_path;
-use crate::registry::{RuleCode, RuleCodePrefix};
+use crate::registry::Rule;
 use crate::rules::{
    flake8_annotations, flake8_bandit, flake8_bugbear, flake8_errmsg, flake8_import_conventions,
    flake8_pytest_style, flake8_quotes, flake8_tidy_imports, flake8_unused_arguments, isort,
-    mccabe, pep8_naming, pycodestyle, pydocstyle, pyupgrade,
+    mccabe, pep8_naming, pycodestyle, pydocstyle, pylint, pyupgrade,
 };
 use crate::rustpython_helpers::tokenize;
 use crate::settings::configuration::Configuration;
 use crate::settings::options::Options;
-use crate::settings::types::PythonVersion;
-use crate::settings::{flags, Settings};
+use crate::settings::{defaults, flags, Settings};
 use crate::source_code::{Indexer, Locator, Stylist};

 const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
@@ -52,13 +51,30 @@ export interface Diagnostic {

 #[derive(Serialize)]
 struct ExpandedMessage {
-    code: RuleCode,
+    code: SerializeRuleAsCode,
    message: String,
    location: Location,
    end_location: Location,
    fix: Option<ExpandedFix>,
 }

+struct SerializeRuleAsCode(Rule);
+
+impl Serialize for SerializeRuleAsCode {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> std::result::Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(self.0.code())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Rule> for SerializeRuleAsCode {
+    fn from(rule: Rule) -> Self {
+        Self(rule)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize)]
 struct ExpandedFix {
    content: String,
@@ -87,14 +103,14 @@ pub fn defaultSettings() -> Result<JsValue, JsValue> {
        // Propagate defaults.
        allowed_confusables: Some(Vec::default()),
        builtins: Some(Vec::default()),
-        dummy_variable_rgx: Some("^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$".to_string()),
+        dummy_variable_rgx: Some(defaults::DUMMY_VARIABLE_RGX.as_str().to_string()),
        extend_ignore: Some(Vec::default()),
        extend_select: Some(Vec::default()),
        external: Some(Vec::default()),
        ignore: Some(Vec::default()),
-        line_length: Some(88),
-        select: Some(vec![RuleCodePrefix::E, RuleCodePrefix::F]),
-        target_version: Some(PythonVersion::default()),
+        line_length: Some(defaults::LINE_LENGTH),
+        select: Some(defaults::PREFIXES.to_vec()),
+        target_version: Some(defaults::TARGET_VERSION),
        // Ignore a bunch of options that don't make sense in a single-file editor.
        cache_dir: None,
        exclude: None,
@@ -123,7 +139,7 @@ pub fn defaultSettings() -> Result<JsValue, JsValue> {
        flake8_errmsg: Some(flake8_errmsg::settings::Settings::default().into()),
        flake8_pytest_style: Some(flake8_pytest_style::settings::Settings::default().into()),
        flake8_quotes: Some(flake8_quotes::settings::Settings::default().into()),
-        flake8_tidy_imports: Some(flake8_tidy_imports::settings::Settings::default().into()),
+        flake8_tidy_imports: Some(flake8_tidy_imports::Settings::default().into()),
        flake8_import_conventions: Some(
            flake8_import_conventions::settings::Settings::default().into(),
        ),
@@ -135,6 +151,7 @@ pub fn defaultSettings() -> Result<JsValue, JsValue> {
        pep8_naming: Some(pep8_naming::settings::Settings::default().into()),
        pycodestyle: Some(pycodestyle::settings::Settings::default().into()),
        pydocstyle: Some(pydocstyle::settings::Settings::default().into()),
+        pylint: Some(pylint::settings::Settings::default().into()),
        pyupgrade: Some(pyupgrade::settings::Settings::default().into()),
    })?)
 }
@@ -182,7 +199,7 @@ pub fn check(contents: &str, options: JsValue) -> Result<JsValue, JsValue> {
    let messages: Vec<ExpandedMessage> = diagnostics
        .into_iter()
        .map(|diagnostic| ExpandedMessage {
-            code: diagnostic.kind.code().clone(),
+            code: diagnostic.kind.rule().clone().into(),
            message: diagnostic.kind.body(),
            location: diagnostic.location,
            end_location: diagnostic.end_location,
@@ -224,7 +241,7 @@ mod test {
            "if (1, 2): pass",
            r#"{}"#,
            [ExpandedMessage {
-                code: RuleCode::F634,
+                code: Rule::IfTuple.into(),
                message: "If test is a tuple, which is always `True`".to_string(),
                location: Location::new(1, 0),
                end_location: Location::new(1, 15),
--- a/src/linter.rs
+++ b/src/linter.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use rustpython_parser::lexer::LexResult;
 use crate::ast::types::Range;
 use crate::autofix::fix_file;
 use crate::checkers::ast::check_ast;
+use crate::checkers::filesystem::check_file_path;
 use crate::checkers::imports::check_imports;
 use crate::checkers::lines::check_lines;
 use crate::checkers::noqa::check_noqa;
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::directives::Directives;
 use crate::doc_lines::{doc_lines_from_ast, doc_lines_from_tokens};
 use crate::message::{Message, Source};
 use crate::noqa::add_noqa;
-use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, LintSource, RuleCode};
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, LintSource, Rule};
 use crate::settings::{flags, Settings};
 use crate::source_code::{Indexer, Locator, Stylist};
 use crate::{directives, fs, rustpython_helpers, violations};
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn check_path(

    // Collect doc lines. This requires a rare mix of tokens (for comments) and AST
    // (for docstrings), which demands special-casing at this level.
-    let use_doc_lines = settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::W505);
+    let use_doc_lines = settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::DocLineTooLong);
    let mut doc_lines = vec![];
    if use_doc_lines {
        doc_lines.extend(doc_lines_from_tokens(&tokens));
@@ -55,22 +56,31 @@ pub fn check_path(

    // Run the token-based rules.
    if settings
-        .enabled
-        .iter()
+        .rules
+        .iter_enabled()
        .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::Tokens))
    {
        diagnostics.extend(check_tokens(locator, &tokens, settings, autofix));
    }

+    // Run the filesystem-based rules.
+    if settings
+        .rules
+        .iter_enabled()
+        .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::Filesystem))
+    {
+        diagnostics.extend(check_file_path(path, settings));
+    }
+
    // Run the AST-based rules.
    let use_ast = settings
-        .enabled
-        .iter()
+        .rules
+        .iter_enabled()
        .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::Ast));
    let use_imports = !directives.isort.skip_file
        && settings
-            .enabled
-            .iter()
+            .rules
+            .iter_enabled()
            .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::Imports));
    if use_ast || use_imports || use_doc_lines {
        match rustpython_helpers::parse_program_tokens(tokens, "<filename>") {
@@ -106,7 +116,7 @@ pub fn check_path(
                }
            }
            Err(parse_error) => {
-                if settings.enabled.contains(&RuleCode::E999) {
+                if settings.rules.enabled(&Rule::SyntaxError) {
                    diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                        violations::SyntaxError(parse_error.error.to_string()),
                        Range::new(parse_error.location, parse_error.location),
@@ -124,8 +134,8 @@ pub fn check_path(

    // Run the lines-based rules.
    if settings
-        .enabled
-        .iter()
+        .rules
+        .iter_enabled()
        .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::Lines))
    {
        diagnostics.extend(check_lines(
@@ -140,8 +150,8 @@ pub fn check_path(
    // Enforce `noqa` directives.
    if (matches!(noqa, flags::Noqa::Enabled) && !diagnostics.is_empty())
        || settings
-            .enabled
-            .iter()
+            .rules
+            .iter_enabled()
            .any(|rule_code| matches!(rule_code.lint_source(), LintSource::NoQa))
    {
        check_noqa(
@@ -160,7 +170,7 @@ pub fn check_path(
        if !ignores.is_empty() {
            return Ok(diagnostics
                .into_iter()
-                .filter(|diagnostic| !ignores.contains(&diagnostic.kind.code()))
+                .filter(|diagnostic| !ignores.contains(&diagnostic.kind.rule()))
                .collect());
        }
    }
@@ -340,16 +350,15 @@ pub fn lint_fix(
            }

            eprintln!(
-                "
+                r#"
 {}: Failed to converge after {} iterations.

 This likely indicates a bug in `{}`. If you could open an issue at:

-{}/issues
+{}/issues/new?title=%5BInfinite%20loop%5D

-quoting the contents of `{}`, along with the `pyproject.toml` settings and executed command, we'd \
-                 be very appreciative!
-",
+quoting the contents of `{}`, along with the `pyproject.toml` settings and executed command, we'd be very appreciative!
+"#,
                "warning".yellow().bold(),
                MAX_ITERATIONS,
                CARGO_PKG_NAME,
--- a/src/logging.rs
+++ b/src/logging.rs
@@ -44,13 +44,14 @@ macro_rules! notify_user {
    }
 }

-#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialOrd, Ord, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum LogLevel {
    // No output (+ `log::LevelFilter::Off`).
    Silent,
    // Only show lint violations, with no decorative output (+ `log::LevelFilter::Off`).
    Quiet,
    // All user-facing output (+ `log::LevelFilter::Info`).
+    #[default]
    Default,
    // All user-facing output (+ `log::LevelFilter::Debug`).
    Verbose,
@@ -67,12 +68,6 @@ impl LogLevel {
    }
 }

-impl Default for LogLevel {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        LogLevel::Default
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn set_up_logging(level: &LogLevel) -> Result<()> {
    fern::Dispatch::new()
        .format(|out, message, record| {
--- a/src/noqa.rs
+++ b/src/noqa.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
 use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};

-use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, RuleCode, CODE_REDIRECTS};
+use crate::registry::{Diagnostic, Rule, CODE_REDIRECTS};
+use crate::settings::hashable::HashableHashSet;
 use crate::source_code::LineEnding;

 static NOQA_LINE_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
@@ -68,11 +69,11 @@ pub fn extract_noqa_directive(line: &str) -> Directive {

 /// Returns `true` if the string list of `codes` includes `code` (or an alias
 /// thereof).
-pub fn includes(needle: &RuleCode, haystack: &[&str]) -> bool {
-    let needle: &str = needle.as_ref();
+pub fn includes(needle: &Rule, haystack: &[&str]) -> bool {
+    let needle: &str = needle.code();
    haystack.iter().any(|candidate| {
        if let Some(candidate) = CODE_REDIRECTS.get(candidate) {
-            needle == candidate.as_ref()
+            needle == candidate.code()
        } else {
            &needle == candidate
        }
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ pub fn add_noqa(
    diagnostics: &[Diagnostic],
    contents: &str,
    noqa_line_for: &IntMap<usize, usize>,
-    external: &FxHashSet<String>,
+    external: &HashableHashSet<String>,
    line_ending: &LineEnding,
 ) -> Result<usize> {
    let (count, output) =
@@ -97,24 +98,24 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(
    diagnostics: &[Diagnostic],
    contents: &str,
    noqa_line_for: &IntMap<usize, usize>,
-    external: &FxHashSet<String>,
+    external: &HashableHashSet<String>,
    line_ending: &LineEnding,
 ) -> (usize, String) {
-    let mut matches_by_line: FxHashMap<usize, FxHashSet<&RuleCode>> = FxHashMap::default();
+    let mut matches_by_line: FxHashMap<usize, FxHashSet<&Rule>> = FxHashMap::default();
    for (lineno, line) in contents.lines().enumerate() {
        // If we hit an exemption for the entire file, bail.
        if is_file_exempt(line) {
            return (0, contents.to_string());
        }

-        let mut codes: FxHashSet<&RuleCode> = FxHashSet::default();
+        let mut codes: FxHashSet<&Rule> = FxHashSet::default();
        for diagnostic in diagnostics {
            // TODO(charlie): Consider respecting parent `noqa` directives. For now, we'll
            // add a `noqa` for every diagnostic, on its own line. This could lead to
            // duplication, whereby some parent `noqa` directives become
            // redundant.
            if diagnostic.location.row() == lineno + 1 {
-                codes.insert(diagnostic.kind.code());
+                codes.insert(diagnostic.kind.rule());
            }
        }

@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(
                output.push_str(line);
                output.push_str(line_ending);
            }
-            Some(codes) => {
+            Some(rules) => {
                match extract_noqa_directive(line) {
                    Directive::None => {
                        // Add existing content.
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(
                        output.push_str("  # noqa: ");

                        // Add codes.
-                        let codes: Vec<&str> = codes.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref).collect();
+                        let codes: Vec<&str> = rules.iter().map(|r| r.code()).collect();
                        let suffix = codes.join(", ");
                        output.push_str(&suffix);
                        output.push_str(line_ending);
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(

                        // Add codes.
                        let codes: Vec<&str> =
-                            codes.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref).sorted_unstable().collect();
+                            rules.iter().map(|r| r.code()).sorted_unstable().collect();
                        let suffix = codes.join(", ");
                        output.push_str(&suffix);
                        output.push_str(line_ending);
@@ -180,9 +181,9 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(
                        formatted.push_str("  # noqa: ");

                        // Add codes.
-                        let codes: Vec<&str> = codes
+                        let codes: Vec<&str> = rules
                            .iter()
-                            .map(AsRef::as_ref)
+                            .map(|r| r.code())
                            .chain(existing.into_iter().filter(|code| external.contains(*code)))
                            .sorted_unstable()
                            .collect();
@@ -208,12 +209,12 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use nohash_hasher::IntMap;
-    use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
    use rustpython_parser::ast::Location;

    use crate::ast::types::Range;
    use crate::noqa::{add_noqa_inner, NOQA_LINE_REGEX};
    use crate::registry::Diagnostic;
+    use crate::settings::hashable::HashableHashSet;
    use crate::source_code::LineEnding;
    use crate::violations;

@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ mod tests {
        let diagnostics = vec![];
        let contents = "x = 1";
        let noqa_line_for = IntMap::default();
-        let external = FxHashSet::default();
+        let external = HashableHashSet::default();
        let (count, output) = add_noqa_inner(
            &diagnostics,
            contents,
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ mod tests {
        )];
        let contents = "x = 1";
        let noqa_line_for = IntMap::default();
-        let external = FxHashSet::default();
+        let external = HashableHashSet::default();
        let (count, output) = add_noqa_inner(
            &diagnostics,
            contents,
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ mod tests {
        ];
        let contents = "x = 1  # noqa: E741\n";
        let noqa_line_for = IntMap::default();
-        let external = FxHashSet::default();
+        let external = HashableHashSet::default();
        let (count, output) = add_noqa_inner(
            &diagnostics,
            contents,
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ mod tests {
        ];
        let contents = "x = 1  # noqa";
        let noqa_line_for = IntMap::default();
-        let external = FxHashSet::default();
+        let external = HashableHashSet::default();
        let (count, output) = add_noqa_inner(
            &diagnostics,
            contents,
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More