Bump version to 0.0.78

This reverts commit 77e5564f4b.

Cargo.lock

@@ -418,9 +418,9 @@ checksum = "fff857943da45f546682664a79488be82e69e43c1a7a2307679ab9afb3a66d2e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.0.9"
+version = "4.0.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30607dd93c420c6f1f80b544be522a0238a7db35e6a12968d28910983fee0df0"
+checksum = "6bf8832993da70a4c6d13c581f4463c2bdda27b9bf1c5498dc4365543abe6d6f"
 dependencies = [
  "atty",
  "bitflags",
@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.0.9"
+version = "4.0.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a4a307492e1a34939f79d3b6b9650bd2b971513cd775436bf2b78defeb5af00b"
+checksum = "c42f169caba89a7d512b5418b09864543eeb4d497416c917d7137863bd2076ad"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro-error",
@@ -466,6 +466,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "codespan-reporting"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3538270d33cc669650c4b093848450d380def10c331d38c768e34cac80576e6e"
+dependencies = [
+ "termcolor",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "colored"
 version = "2.0.0"
@@ -588,6 +598,50 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cxx"
+version = "1.0.78"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "19f39818dcfc97d45b03953c1292efc4e80954e1583c4aa770bac1383e2310a4"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "cxxbridge-flags",
+ "cxxbridge-macro",
+ "link-cplusplus",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cxx-build"
+version = "1.0.78"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e580d70777c116df50c390d1211993f62d40302881e54d4b79727acb83d0199"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "codespan-reporting",
+ "once_cell",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "scratch",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cxxbridge-flags"
+version = "1.0.78"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56a46460b88d1cec95112c8c363f0e2c39afdb237f60583b0b36343bf627ea9c"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cxxbridge-macro"
+version = "1.0.78"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "747b608fecf06b0d72d440f27acc99288207324b793be2c17991839f3d4995ea"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "diff"
 version = "0.1.13"
@@ -954,8 +1008,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4eb1a864a501629691edf6c15a593b7a51eebaa1e8468e9ddc623de7c9b58ec6"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "js-sys",
  "libc",
  "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -981,6 +1037,9 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
@@ -1017,17 +1076,28 @@ checksum = "dfa686283ad6dd069f105e5ab091b04c62850d3e4cf5d67debad1933f55023df"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
-version = "0.1.50"
+version = "0.1.51"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd911b35d940d2bd0bea0f9100068e5b97b51a1cbe13d13382f132e0365257a0"
+checksum = "f5a6ef98976b22b3b7f2f3a806f858cb862044cfa66805aa3ad84cb3d3b785ed"
 dependencies = [
  "android_system_properties",
  "core-foundation-sys",
+ "iana-time-zone-haiku",
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
  "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "iana-time-zone-haiku"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fde6edd6cef363e9359ed3c98ba64590ba9eecba2293eb5a723ab32aee8926aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "cxx",
+ "cxx-build",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -1111,9 +1181,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.3"
+version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c8af84674fe1f223a982c933a0ee1086ac4d4052aa0fb8060c12c6ad838e754"
+checksum = "4217ad341ebadf8d8e724e264f13e593e0648f5b3e94b3896a5df283be015ecc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "joinery"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72167d68f5fce3b8655487b8038691a3c9984ee769590f93f2a631f4ad64e4f5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
@@ -1219,9 +1295,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.134"
+version = "0.2.135"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "329c933548736bc49fd575ee68c89e8be4d260064184389a5b77517cddd99ffb"
+checksum = "68783febc7782c6c5cb401fbda4de5a9898be1762314da0bb2c10ced61f18b0c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libcst"
@@ -1247,6 +1323,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "link-cplusplus"
+version = "1.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9272ab7b96c9046fbc5bc56c06c117cb639fe2d509df0c421cad82d2915cf369"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linked-hash-map"
 version = "0.5.6"
@@ -1532,18 +1617,18 @@ checksum = "b1de2e551fb905ac83f73f7aedf2f0cb4a0da7e35efa24a202a936269f1f18e1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "path-absolutize"
-version = "3.0.13"
+version = "3.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3de4b40bd9736640f14c438304c09538159802388febb02c8abaae0846c1f13"
+checksum = "0f1d4993b16f7325d90c18c3c6a3327db7808752db8d208cea0acee0abd52c52"
 dependencies = [
  "path-dedot",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "path-dedot"
-version = "3.0.17"
+version = "3.0.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d611d5291372b3738a34ebf0d1f849e58b1dcc1101032f76a346eaa1f8ddbb5b"
+checksum = "9a81540d94551664b72b72829b12bd167c73c9d25fbac0e04fafa8023f7e4901"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
 ]
@@ -1960,7 +2045,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.69"
+version = "0.0.78"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "assert_cmd",
@@ -1974,6 +2059,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "dirs 4.0.0",
  "fern",
  "filetime",
+ "getrandom 0.2.7",
  "glob",
  "insta",
  "itertools",
@@ -1992,6 +2078,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
+ "test-case",
+ "textwrap",
+ "titlecase",
  "toml",
  "update-informer",
  "walkdir",
@@ -2012,7 +2101,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-ast"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f#778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10#210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "rustpython-common",
@@ -2022,7 +2111,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-common"
 version = "0.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f#778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10#210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10"
 dependencies = [
  "ascii",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
@@ -2045,7 +2134,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-compiler-core"
 version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f#778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10#210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "bitflags",
@@ -2062,7 +2151,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rustpython-parser"
 version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f#778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f"
+source = "git+https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git?rev=210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10#210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "anyhow",
@@ -2110,6 +2199,12 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d29ab0c6d3fc0ee92fe66e2d99f700eab17a8d57d1c1d3b748380fb20baa78cd"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "scratch"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c8132065adcfd6e02db789d9285a0deb2f3fcb04002865ab67d5fb103533898"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sct"
 version = "0.7.0"
@@ -2148,9 +2243,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.85"
+version = "1.0.86"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e55a28e3aaef9d5ce0506d0a14dbba8054ddc7e499ef522dd8b26859ec9d4a44"
+checksum = "41feea4228a6f1cd09ec7a3593a682276702cd67b5273544757dae23c096f074"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
@@ -2253,6 +2348,12 @@ version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a507befe795404456341dfab10cef66ead4c041f62b8b11bbb92bffe5d0953e0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "smawk"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f67ad224767faa3c7d8b6d91985b78e70a1324408abcb1cfcc2be4c06bc06043"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
 version = "0.4.7"
@@ -2333,9 +2434,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.101"
+version = "1.0.102"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e90cde112c4b9690b8cbe810cba9ddd8bc1d7472e2cae317b69e9438c1cba7d2"
+checksum = "3fcd952facd492f9be3ef0d0b7032a6e442ee9b361d4acc2b1d0c4aaa5f613a1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2405,6 +2506,39 @@ version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "507e9898683b6c43a9aa55b64259b721b52ba226e0f3779137e50ad114a4c90b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "test-case"
+version = "2.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "21d6cf5a7dffb3f9dceec8e6b8ca528d9bd71d36c9f074defb548ce161f598c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "test-case-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "test-case-macros"
+version = "2.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e45b7bf6e19353ddd832745c8fcf77a17a93171df7151187f26623f2b75b5b26"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "proc-macro-error",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "textwrap"
+version = "0.15.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "949517c0cf1bf4ee812e2e07e08ab448e3ae0d23472aee8a06c985f0c8815b16"
+dependencies = [
+ "smawk",
+ "unicode-linebreak",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "1.0.37"
@@ -2460,6 +2594,17 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cda74da7e1a664f795bb1f8a87ec406fb89a02522cf6e50620d016add6dbbf5c"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "titlecase"
+version = "2.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38397a8cdb017cfeb48bf6c154d6de975ac69ffeed35980fde199d2ee0842042"
+dependencies = [
+ "joinery",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "regex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
 version = "0.5.9"
@@ -2557,9 +2702,19 @@ checksum = "099b7128301d285f79ddd55b9a83d5e6b9e97c92e0ea0daebee7263e932de992"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.4"
+version = "1.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dcc811dc4066ac62f84f11307873c4850cb653bfa9b1719cee2bd2204a4bc5dd"
+checksum = "6ceab39d59e4c9499d4e5a8ee0e2735b891bb7308ac83dfb4e80cad195c9f6f3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-linebreak"
+version = "0.1.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c5faade31a542b8b35855fff6e8def199853b2da8da256da52f52f1316ee3137"
+dependencies = [
+ "hashbrown",
+ "regex",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
@@ -2570,6 +2725,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "tinyvec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c0edd1e5b14653f783770bce4a4dabb4a5108a5370a5f5d8cfe8710c361f6c8b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.4"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.0.69"
+version = "0.0.78"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [lib]
@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@ name = "ruff"
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = { version = "1.0.60" }
 bincode = { version = "1.3.3" }
-cacache = { version = "10.0.1" }
 chrono = { version = "0.4.21" }
 clap = { version = "4.0.1", features = ["derive"] }
-clearscreen = { version = "1.0.10" }
 colored = { version = "2.0.0" }
 common-path = { version = "1.0.0" }
 dirs = { version = "4.0.0" }
@@ -23,25 +21,37 @@ itertools = { version = "0.10.5" }
 libcst = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/LibCST", rev = "32a044c127668df44582f85699358e67803b0d73" }
 log = { version = "0.4.17" }
 notify = { version = "4.0.17" }
+num-bigint = { version = "0.4.3" }
 once_cell = { version = "1.13.1" }
-path-absolutize = { version = "3.0.13", features = ["once_cell_cache"] }
+path-absolutize = { version = "3.0.14", features = ["once_cell_cache", "use_unix_paths_on_wasm"] }
 rayon = { version = "1.5.3" }
 regex = { version = "1.6.0" }
-rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git", rev = "778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f" }
-rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git", rev = "778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f" }
-rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git", rev = "778ae2aeb521d0438d2a91bd11238bb5c2bf9d4f" }
+rustpython-ast = { features = ["unparse"], git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git", rev = "210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10" }
+rustpython-common = { git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git", rev = "210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10" }
+rustpython-parser = { features = ["lalrpop"], git = "https://github.com/charliermarsh/RustPython.git", rev = "210db77e4274787028dc3ebc0b4841d1334c8c10" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.143", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.83" }
+strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }
+strum_macros = { version = "0.24.3" }
+textwrap = { version = "0.15.1" }
+titlecase = { version = "2.2.1" }
 toml = { version = "0.5.9" }
 update-informer = { version = "0.5.0", default_features = false, features = ["pypi"], optional = true }
 walkdir = { version = "2.3.2" }
-strum = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["strum_macros"] }
-strum_macros = "0.24.3"
-num-bigint = "0.4.3"
+
+[target.'cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))'.dependencies]
+cacache = { version = "10.0.1" } # uses async-std
+clearscreen = { version = "1.0.10" } # uses which
+
+# https://docs.rs/getrandom/0.2.7/getrandom/#webassembly-support
+# For (future) wasm-pack support
+[target.'cfg(all(target_family = "wasm", target_os = "unknown"))'.dependencies]
+getrandom = { version = "0.2.7", features = ["js"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-assert_cmd = "2.0.4"
+assert_cmd = { version = "2.0.4" }
 insta = { version = "1.19.1", features = ["yaml"] }
+test-case = { version = "2.2.2" }
 
 [features]
 default = ["update-informer"]

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# ruff
+# Ruff
 
 [![image](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/ruff.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruff)
 [![image](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/ruff.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruff)
@@ -20,17 +20,37 @@ An extremely fast Python linter, written in Rust.
 - 🤝 Python 3.10 compatibility
 - 🛠️ `pyproject.toml` support
 - 📦 [ESLint](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/command-line-interface#caching)-inspired cache support
-- 🔧 [ESLint](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/command-line-interface#--fix)-inspired `--fix` support
-- 👀 [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/configuring-watch.html)-inspired `--watch` support
-- ⚖️ [Near-complete parity](#Parity-with-Flake8) with the built-in Flake8 rule set
+- 🔧 [ESLint](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/command-line-interface#--fix)-inspired autofix support (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)
+- 👀 [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/configuring-watch.html)-inspired `--watch` support, for continuous file monitoring
+- ⚖️ [Near-parity](#Parity-with-Flake8) with the built-in Flake8 rule set
+- 🔌 Native re-implementations of popular Flake8 plugins, like [`flake8-docstrings`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-docstrings/) ([`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/))
+
+Ruff aims to be orders of magnitude faster than alternative tools while integrating more
+functionality behind a single, common interface. Ruff can be used to replace Flake8 (plus a variety
+of plugins), [`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/), [`yesqa`](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa),
+and even a subset of [`pyupgrade`](https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/) and [`autoflake`](https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/)
+all while executing tens or hundreds of times faster than any individual tool.
 
 Read the [launch blog post](https://notes.crmarsh.com/python-tooling-could-be-much-much-faster).
 
-## Installation and usage
+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [Installation and Usage](#installation-and-usage)
+2. [Configuration](#configuration)
+3. [Supported Rules](#supported-rules)
+4. [Editor Integrations](#editor-integrations)
+5. [FAQ](#faq)
+6. [Development](#development)
+7. [Releases](#releases)
+8. [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
+9. [License](#license)
+10. [Contributing](#contributing)
+
+## Installation and Usage
 
 ### Installation
 
-Available as [ruff](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/) on PyPI:
+Available as [`ruff`](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/) on PyPI:
 
 ```shell
 pip install ruff
@@ -38,7 +58,7 @@ pip install ruff
 
 ### Usage
 
-To run ruff, try any of the following:
+To run Ruff, try any of the following:
 
 ```shell
 ruff path/to/code/to/check.py
@@ -46,27 +66,27 @@ ruff path/to/code/
 ruff path/to/code/*.py
 ```
 
-You can run ruff in `--watch` mode to automatically re-run on-change:
+You can run Ruff in `--watch` mode to automatically re-run on-change:
 
 ```shell
 ruff path/to/code/ --watch
 ```
 
-ruff also works with [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com):
+Ruff also works with [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com):
 
 ```yaml
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.48
+    rev: v0.0.78
     hooks:
       - id: lint
 ```
 
 ## Configuration
 
-ruff is configurable both via `pyproject.toml` and the command line.
+Ruff is configurable both via `pyproject.toml` and the command line.
 
-For example, you could configure ruff to only enforce a subset of rules with:
+For example, you could configure Ruff to only enforce a subset of rules with:
 
 ```toml
 [tool.ruff]
@@ -94,6 +114,8 @@ Arguments:
   <FILES>...
 
 Options:
+      --config <CONFIG>
+          Path to the `pyproject.toml` file to use for configuration
   -v, --verbose
           Enable verbose logging
   -q, --quiet
@@ -132,6 +154,8 @@ Options:
           Regular expression matching the name of dummy variables
       --target-version <TARGET_VERSION>
           The minimum Python version that should be supported
+      --stdin-filename <STDIN_FILENAME>
+          The name of the file when passing it through stdin
   -h, --help
           Print help information
   -V, --version
@@ -154,7 +178,7 @@ Exclusions are based on globs, and can be either:
 To omit a lint check entirely, add it to the "ignore" list via `--ignore` or `--extend-ignore`,
 either  on the command-line or in your `project.toml` file.
 
-To ignore an error in-line, ruff uses a `noqa` system similar to [Flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/3.1.1/user/ignoring-errors.html).
+To ignore an error in-line, Ruff uses a `noqa` system similar to [Flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/3.1.1/user/ignoring-errors.html).
 To ignore an individual error, add `# noqa: {code}` to the end of the line, like so:
 
 ```python
@@ -178,162 +202,220 @@ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor i
 """  # noqa: E501
 ```
 
-ruff supports several (experimental) workflows to aid in `noqa` management.
+Ruff supports several workflows to aid in `noqa` management.
 
-First, ruff provides a special error code, `M001`, to enforce that your `noqa` directives are
+First, Ruff provides a special error code, `M001`, to enforce that your `noqa` directives are
 "valid", in that the errors they _say_ they ignore are actually being triggered on that line (and
 thus suppressed). **You can run `ruff /path/to/file.py --extend-select M001` to flag unused `noqa`
 directives.**
 
-Second, ruff can _automatically remove_ unused `noqa` directives via its autofix functionality.
+Second, Ruff can _automatically remove_ unused `noqa` directives via its autofix functionality.
 **You can run `ruff /path/to/file.py --extend-select M001 --fix` to automatically remove unused
 `noqa` directives.**
 
-Third, ruff can _automatically add_ `noqa` directives to all failing lines. This is useful when
-migrating a new codebase to ruff. **You can run `ruff /path/to/file.py --add-noqa` to automatically
+Third, Ruff can _automatically add_ `noqa` directives to all failing lines. This is useful when
+migrating a new codebase to Ruff. **You can run `ruff /path/to/file.py --add-noqa` to automatically
 add `noqa` directives to all failing lines, with the appropriate error codes.**
 
-### Compatibility with Black
+## Supported Rules
 
-ruff is compatible with [Black](https://github.com/psf/black) out-of-the-box, as long as
-the `line-length` setting is consistent between the two.
-
-As a project, ruff is designed to be used alongside Black and, as such, will defer implementing
-stylistic lint rules that are obviated by autoformatting.
-
-### Parity with Flake8
-
-ruff's goal is to achieve feature parity with Flake8 when used (1) without plugins, (2) alongside
-Black, and (3) on Python 3 code.
-
-**Under those conditions, ruff implements 44 out of 60 rules.** (ruff is missing: 14 rules related
-to string `.format` calls, 1 rule related to docstring parsing, and 1 rule related to redefined
-variables.)
-
-ruff also implements some of the most popular Flake8 plugins natively, including:
-
-- [`flake8-builtins`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-builtins/)
-- [`flake8-super`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/)
-- [`flake8-print`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-print/)
-- [`flake8-comprehensions`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-comprehensions/) (11/16)
-- [`flake8-bugbear`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bugbear/) (3/32)
-- [`flake8-docstrings`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-docstrings/) (11/47)
-- [`pyupgrade`](https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/) (8/34)
-
-Beyond rule-set parity, ruff suffers from the following limitations vis-à-vis Flake8:
-
-1. ruff does not yet support a few Python 3.9 and 3.10 language features, including structural
-   pattern matching and parenthesized context managers.
-2. Flake8 has a plugin architecture and supports writing custom lint rules.
-
-## Rules
-
-The ✅ emoji indicates a rule is enabled by default.
+By default, Ruff enables all `E`, `W`, and `F` error codes, which correspond to those built-in to
+Flake8.
 
 The 🛠 emoji indicates that a rule is automatically fixable by the `--fix` command-line option.
 
-| Code | Name | Message |     |     |
-| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- | --- |
-| E402 | ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile | Module level import not at top of file | ✅ |  |
-| E501 | LineTooLong | Line too long (89 > 88 characters) | ✅ |  |
-| E711 | NoneComparison | Comparison to `None` should be `cond is None` | ✅ |  |
-| E712 | TrueFalseComparison | Comparison to `True` should be `cond is True` | ✅ |  |
-| E713 | NotInTest | Test for membership should be `not in` | ✅ |  |
-| E714 | NotIsTest | Test for object identity should be `is not` | ✅ |  |
-| E721 | TypeComparison | Do not compare types, use `isinstance()` | ✅ |  |
-| E722 | DoNotUseBareExcept | Do not use bare `except` | ✅ |  |
-| E731 | DoNotAssignLambda | Do not assign a lambda expression, use a def | ✅ |  |
-| E741 | AmbiguousVariableName | Ambiguous variable name: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| E742 | AmbiguousClassName | Ambiguous class name: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| E743 | AmbiguousFunctionName | Ambiguous function name: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| E902 | IOError | IOError: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| E999 | SyntaxError | SyntaxError: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| W292 | NoNewLineAtEndOfFile | No newline at end of file | ✅ |  |
-| F401 | UnusedImport | `...` imported but unused | ✅ | 🛠 |
-| F402 | ImportShadowedByLoopVar | Import `...` from line 1 shadowed by loop variable | ✅ |  |
-| F403 | ImportStarUsed | `from ... import *` used; unable to detect undefined names | ✅ |  |
-| F404 | LateFutureImport | `from __future__` imports must occur at the beginning of the file | ✅ |  |
-| F405 | ImportStarUsage | `...` may be undefined, or defined from star imports: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| F406 | ImportStarNotPermitted | `from ... import *` only allowed at module level | ✅ |  |
-| F407 | FutureFeatureNotDefined | Future feature `...` is not defined | ✅ |  |
-| F541 | FStringMissingPlaceholders | f-string without any placeholders | ✅ |  |
-| F601 | MultiValueRepeatedKeyLiteral | Dictionary key literal repeated | ✅ |  |
-| F602 | MultiValueRepeatedKeyVariable | Dictionary key `...` repeated | ✅ |  |
-| F621 | ExpressionsInStarAssignment | Too many expressions in star-unpacking assignment | ✅ |  |
-| F622 | TwoStarredExpressions | Two starred expressions in assignment | ✅ |  |
-| F631 | AssertTuple | Assert test is a non-empty tuple, which is always `True` | ✅ |  |
-| F632 | IsLiteral | Use `==` and `!=` to compare constant literals | ✅ |  |
-| F633 | InvalidPrintSyntax | Use of `>>` is invalid with `print` function | ✅ |  |
-| F634 | IfTuple | If test is a tuple, which is always `True` | ✅ |  |
-| F701 | BreakOutsideLoop | `break` outside loop | ✅ |  |
-| F702 | ContinueOutsideLoop | `continue` not properly in loop | ✅ |  |
-| F704 | YieldOutsideFunction | `yield` or `yield from` statement outside of a function/method | ✅ |  |
-| F706 | ReturnOutsideFunction | `return` statement outside of a function/method | ✅ |  |
-| F707 | DefaultExceptNotLast | An `except:` block as not the last exception handler | ✅ |  |
-| F722 | ForwardAnnotationSyntaxError | Syntax error in forward annotation: `...` | ✅ |  |
-| F821 | UndefinedName | Undefined name `...` | ✅ |  |
-| F822 | UndefinedExport | Undefined name `...` in `__all__` | ✅ |  |
-| F823 | UndefinedLocal | Local variable `...` referenced before assignment | ✅ |  |
-| F831 | DuplicateArgumentName | Duplicate argument name in function definition | ✅ |  |
-| F841 | UnusedVariable | Local variable `...` is assigned to but never used | ✅ |  |
-| F901 | RaiseNotImplemented | `raise NotImplemented` should be `raise NotImplementedError` | ✅ |  |
-| A001 | BuiltinVariableShadowing | Variable `...` is shadowing a python builtin |  |  |
-| A002 | BuiltinArgumentShadowing | Argument `...` is shadowing a python builtin |  |  |
-| A003 | BuiltinAttributeShadowing | Class attribute `...` is shadowing a python builtin |  |  |
-| B011 | DoNotAssertFalse | Do not `assert False` (`python -O` removes these calls), raise `AssertionError()` |  | 🛠 |
-| B014 | DuplicateHandlerException | Exception handler with duplicate exception: `ValueError` |  | 🛠 |
-| B025 | DuplicateTryBlockException | try-except block with duplicate exception `Exception` |  |  |
-| C400 | UnnecessaryGeneratorList | Unnecessary generator - rewrite as a list comprehension |  |  |
-| C401 | UnnecessaryGeneratorSet | Unnecessary generator - rewrite as a set comprehension |  |  |
-| C402 | UnnecessaryGeneratorDict | Unnecessary generator - rewrite as a dict comprehension |  |  |
-| C403 | UnnecessaryListComprehensionSet | Unnecessary list comprehension - rewrite as a set comprehension |  |  |
-| C404 | UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict | Unnecessary list comprehension - rewrite as a dict comprehension |  |  |
-| C405 | UnnecessaryLiteralSet | Unnecessary <list/tuple> literal - rewrite as a set literal |  |  |
-| C406 | UnnecessaryLiteralDict | Unnecessary <list/tuple> literal - rewrite as a dict literal |  |  |
-| C408 | UnnecessaryCollectionCall | Unnecessary <dict/list/tuple> call - rewrite as a literal |  |  |
-| C409 | UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall | Unnecessary <list/tuple> literal passed to tuple() - remove the outer call to tuple() |  |  |
-| C410 | UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall | Unnecessary <list/tuple> literal passed to list() - rewrite as a list literal |  |  |
-| C415 | UnnecessarySubscriptReversal | Unnecessary subscript reversal of iterable within <reversed/set/sorted>() |  |  |
-| T201 | PrintFound | `print` found |  | 🛠 |
-| T203 | PPrintFound | `pprint` found |  | 🛠 |
-| U001 | UselessMetaclassType | `__metaclass__ = type` is implied |  | 🛠 |
-| U002 | UnnecessaryAbspath | `abspath(__file__)` is unnecessary in Python 3.9 and later |  | 🛠 |
-| U003 | TypeOfPrimitive | Use `str` instead of `type(...)` |  | 🛠 |
-| U004 | UselessObjectInheritance | Class `...` inherits from object |  | 🛠 |
-| U005 | DeprecatedUnittestAlias | `assertEquals` is deprecated, use `assertEqual` instead |  | 🛠 |
-| U006 | UsePEP585Annotation | Use `list` instead of `List` for type annotations |  | 🛠 |
-| U007 | UsePEP604Annotation | Use `X \| Y` for type annotations |  | 🛠 |
-| U008 | SuperCallWithParameters | Use `super()` instead of `super(__class__, self)` |  | 🛠 |
-| D200 | FitsOnOneLine | One-line docstring should fit on one line |  |  |
-| D205 | NoBlankLineAfterSummary | 1 blank line required between summary line and description |  |  |
-| D209 | NewLineAfterLastParagraph | Multi-line docstring closing quotes should be on a separate line |  |  |
-| D210 | NoSurroundingWhitespace | No whitespaces allowed surrounding docstring text |  |  |
-| D212 | MultiLineSummaryFirstLine | Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line |  |  |
-| D213 | MultiLineSummarySecondLine | Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line |  |  |
-| D300 | UsesTripleQuotes | Use """triple double quotes""" |  |  |
-| D400 | EndsInPeriod | First line should end with a period |  |  |
-| D403 | FirstLineCapitalized | First word of the first line should be properly capitalized |  |  |
-| D415 | EndsInPunctuation | First line should end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point |  |  |
-| D419 | NonEmpty | Docstring is empty |  |  |
-| M001 | UnusedNOQA | Unused `noqa` directive |  | 🛠 |
+### Pyflakes
 
-## Integrations
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| F401 | UnusedImport | `...` imported but unused | 🛠 |
+| F402 | ImportShadowedByLoopVar | Import `...` from line 1 shadowed by loop variable |  |
+| F403 | ImportStarUsed | `from ... import *` used; unable to detect undefined names |  |
+| F404 | LateFutureImport | `from __future__` imports must occur at the beginning of the file |  |
+| F405 | ImportStarUsage | `...` may be undefined, or defined from star imports: `...` |  |
+| F406 | ImportStarNotPermitted | `from ... import *` only allowed at module level |  |
+| F407 | FutureFeatureNotDefined | Future feature `...` is not defined |  |
+| F541 | FStringMissingPlaceholders | f-string without any placeholders |  |
+| F601 | MultiValueRepeatedKeyLiteral | Dictionary key literal repeated |  |
+| F602 | MultiValueRepeatedKeyVariable | Dictionary key `...` repeated |  |
+| F621 | ExpressionsInStarAssignment | Too many expressions in star-unpacking assignment |  |
+| F622 | TwoStarredExpressions | Two starred expressions in assignment |  |
+| F631 | AssertTuple | Assert test is a non-empty tuple, which is always `True` |  |
+| F632 | IsLiteral | Use `==` and `!=` to compare constant literals |  |
+| F633 | InvalidPrintSyntax | Use of `>>` is invalid with `print` function |  |
+| F634 | IfTuple | If test is a tuple, which is always `True` |  |
+| F701 | BreakOutsideLoop | `break` outside loop |  |
+| F702 | ContinueOutsideLoop | `continue` not properly in loop |  |
+| F704 | YieldOutsideFunction | `yield` or `yield from` statement outside of a function/method |  |
+| F706 | ReturnOutsideFunction | `return` statement outside of a function/method |  |
+| F707 | DefaultExceptNotLast | An `except:` block as not the last exception handler |  |
+| F722 | ForwardAnnotationSyntaxError | Syntax error in forward annotation: `...` |  |
+| F821 | UndefinedName | Undefined name `...` |  |
+| F822 | UndefinedExport | Undefined name `...` in `__all__` |  |
+| F823 | UndefinedLocal | Local variable `...` referenced before assignment |  |
+| F831 | DuplicateArgumentName | Duplicate argument name in function definition |  |
+| F841 | UnusedVariable | Local variable `...` is assigned to but never used |  |
+| F901 | RaiseNotImplemented | `raise NotImplemented` should be `raise NotImplementedError` |  |
+
+### pycodestyle
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| E402 | ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile | Module level import not at top of file |  |
+| E501 | LineTooLong | Line too long (89 > 88 characters) |  |
+| E711 | NoneComparison | Comparison to `None` should be `cond is None` |  |
+| E712 | TrueFalseComparison | Comparison to `True` should be `cond is True` |  |
+| E713 | NotInTest | Test for membership should be `not in` |  |
+| E714 | NotIsTest | Test for object identity should be `is not` |  |
+| E721 | TypeComparison | Do not compare types, use `isinstance()` |  |
+| E722 | DoNotUseBareExcept | Do not use bare `except` |  |
+| E731 | DoNotAssignLambda | Do not assign a lambda expression, use a def |  |
+| E741 | AmbiguousVariableName | Ambiguous variable name: `...` |  |
+| E742 | AmbiguousClassName | Ambiguous class name: `...` |  |
+| E743 | AmbiguousFunctionName | Ambiguous function name: `...` |  |
+| E902 | IOError | IOError: `...` |  |
+| E999 | SyntaxError | SyntaxError: `...` |  |
+| W292 | NoNewLineAtEndOfFile | No newline at end of file |  |
+
+### pydocstyle
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| D100 | PublicModule | Missing docstring in public module |  |
+| D101 | PublicClass | Missing docstring in public class |  |
+| D102 | PublicMethod | Missing docstring in public method |  |
+| D103 | PublicFunction | Missing docstring in public function |  |
+| D104 | PublicPackage | Missing docstring in public package |  |
+| D105 | MagicMethod | Missing docstring in magic method |  |
+| D106 | PublicNestedClass | Missing docstring in public nested class |  |
+| D107 | PublicInit | Missing docstring in `__init__` |  |
+| D200 | FitsOnOneLine | One-line docstring should fit on one line |  |
+| D201 | NoBlankLineBeforeFunction | No blank lines allowed before function docstring (found 1) | 🛠 |
+| D202 | NoBlankLineAfterFunction | No blank lines allowed after function docstring (found 1) | 🛠 |
+| D203 | OneBlankLineBeforeClass | 1 blank line required before class docstring | 🛠 |
+| D204 | OneBlankLineAfterClass | 1 blank line required after class docstring | 🛠 |
+| D205 | NoBlankLineAfterSummary | 1 blank line required between summary line and description | 🛠 |
+| D206 | IndentWithSpaces | Docstring should be indented with spaces, not tabs |  |
+| D207 | NoUnderIndentation | Docstring is under-indented |  |
+| D208 | NoOverIndentation | Docstring is over-indented |  |
+| D209 | NewLineAfterLastParagraph | Multi-line docstring closing quotes should be on a separate line | 🛠 |
+| D210 | NoSurroundingWhitespace | No whitespaces allowed surrounding docstring text | 🛠 |
+| D211 | NoBlankLineBeforeClass | No blank lines allowed before class docstring | 🛠 |
+| D212 | MultiLineSummaryFirstLine | Multi-line docstring summary should start at the first line |  |
+| D213 | MultiLineSummarySecondLine | Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line |  |
+| D214 | SectionNotOverIndented | Section is over-indented ("Returns") |  |
+| D215 | SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented | Section underline is over-indented ("Returns") |  |
+| D300 | UsesTripleQuotes | Use """triple double quotes""" |  |
+| D400 | EndsInPeriod | First line should end with a period |  |
+| D402 | NoSignature | First line should not be the function's 'signature' |  |
+| D403 | FirstLineCapitalized | First word of the first line should be properly capitalized |  |
+| D404 | NoThisPrefix | First word of the docstring should not be `This` |  |
+| D405 | CapitalizeSectionName | Section name should be properly capitalized ("returns") |  |
+| D406 | NewLineAfterSectionName | Section name should end with a newline ("Returns") |  |
+| D407 | DashedUnderlineAfterSection | Missing dashed underline after section ("Returns") |  |
+| D408 | SectionUnderlineAfterName | Section underline should be in the line following the section's name ("Returns") |  |
+| D409 | SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength | Section underline should match the length of its name ("Returns") |  |
+| D410 | BlankLineAfterSection | Missing blank line after section ("Returns") | 🛠 |
+| D411 | BlankLineBeforeSection | Missing blank line before section ("Returns") |  |
+| D412 | NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent | No blank lines allowed between a section header and its content ("Returns") |  |
+| D413 | BlankLineAfterLastSection | Missing blank line after last section ("Returns") | 🛠 |
+| D414 | NonEmptySection | Section has no content ("Returns") |  |
+| D415 | EndsInPunctuation | First line should end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point |  |
+| D416 | SectionNameEndsInColon | Section name should end with a colon ("Returns") |  |
+| D417 | DocumentAllArguments | Missing argument descriptions in the docstring: `x`, `y` |  |
+| D418 | SkipDocstring | Function decorated with @overload shouldn't contain a docstring |  |
+| D419 | NonEmpty | Docstring is empty |  |
+
+### pyupgrade
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| U001 | UselessMetaclassType | `__metaclass__ = type` is implied | 🛠 |
+| U002 | UnnecessaryAbspath | `abspath(__file__)` is unnecessary in Python 3.9 and later | 🛠 |
+| U003 | TypeOfPrimitive | Use `str` instead of `type(...)` | 🛠 |
+| U004 | UselessObjectInheritance | Class `...` inherits from object | 🛠 |
+| U005 | DeprecatedUnittestAlias | `assertEquals` is deprecated, use `assertEqual` instead | 🛠 |
+| U006 | UsePEP585Annotation | Use `list` instead of `List` for type annotations | 🛠 |
+| U007 | UsePEP604Annotation | Use `X \| Y` for type annotations | 🛠 |
+| U008 | SuperCallWithParameters | Use `super()` instead of `super(__class__, self)` | 🛠 |
+
+### pep8-naming
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| N801 | InvalidClassName | Class name `...` should use CapWords convention  |  |
+| N802 | InvalidFunctionName | Function name `...` should be lowercase |  |
+| N803 | InvalidArgumentName | Argument name `...` should be lowercase |  |
+| N804 | InvalidFirstArgumentNameForClassMethod | First argument of a class method should be named `cls` |  |
+| N805 | InvalidFirstArgumentNameForMethod | First argument of a method should be named `self` |  |
+
+### flake8-comprehensions
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| C400 | UnnecessaryGeneratorList | Unnecessary generator (rewrite as a `list` comprehension) |  |
+| C401 | UnnecessaryGeneratorSet | Unnecessary generator (rewrite as a `set` comprehension) |  |
+| C402 | UnnecessaryGeneratorDict | Unnecessary generator (rewrite as a `dict` comprehension) |  |
+| C403 | UnnecessaryListComprehensionSet | Unnecessary `list` comprehension (rewrite as a `set` comprehension) |  |
+| C404 | UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict | Unnecessary `list` comprehension (rewrite as a `dict` comprehension) |  |
+| C405 | UnnecessaryLiteralSet | Unnecessary `(list\|tuple)` literal (rewrite as a `set` literal) |  |
+| C406 | UnnecessaryLiteralDict | Unnecessary `(list\|tuple)` literal (rewrite as a `dict` literal) |  |
+| C408 | UnnecessaryCollectionCall | Unnecessary `(dict\|list\|tuple)` call (rewrite as a literal) |  |
+| C409 | UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall | Unnecessary `(list\|tuple)` literal passed to `tuple()` (remove the outer call to `tuple()`) |  |
+| C410 | UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall | Unnecessary `(list\|tuple)` literal passed to `list()` (rewrite as a `list` literal) |  |
+| C411 | UnnecessaryListCall | Unnecessary `list` call (remove the outer call to `list()`) |  |
+| C413 | UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted | Unnecessary `(list\|reversed)` call around `sorted()` |  |
+| C414 | UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess | Unnecessary `(list\|reversed\|set\|sorted\|tuple)` call within `(list\|set\|sorted\|tuple)()` |  |
+| C415 | UnnecessarySubscriptReversal | Unnecessary subscript reversal of iterable within `(reversed\|set\|sorted)()` |  |
+| C416 | UnnecessaryComprehension |  Unnecessary `(list\|set)` comprehension (rewrite using `(list\|set)()`) |  |
+| C417 | UnnecessaryMap | Unnecessary `map` usage (rewrite using a `(list\|set\|dict)` comprehension) |  |
+
+### flake8-bugbear
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| B011 | DoNotAssertFalse | Do not `assert False` (`python -O` removes these calls), raise `AssertionError()` | 🛠 |
+| B014 | DuplicateHandlerException | Exception handler with duplicate exception: `ValueError` | 🛠 |
+| B025 | DuplicateTryBlockException | try-except block with duplicate exception `Exception` |  |
+
+### flake8-builtins
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| A001 | BuiltinVariableShadowing | Variable `...` is shadowing a python builtin |  |
+| A002 | BuiltinArgumentShadowing | Argument `...` is shadowing a python builtin |  |
+| A003 | BuiltinAttributeShadowing | Class attribute `...` is shadowing a python builtin |  |
+
+### flake8-print
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| T201 | PrintFound | `print` found | 🛠 |
+| T203 | PPrintFound | `pprint` found | 🛠 |
+
+### Meta rules
+
+| Code | Name | Message | Fix |
+| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |
+| M001 | UnusedNOQA | Unused `noqa` directive | 🛠 |
+
+## Editor Integrations
 
 ### PyCharm
 
-ruff can be installed as an [External Tool](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/configuring-third-party-tools.html)
+Ruff can be installed as an [External Tool](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/configuring-third-party-tools.html)
 in PyCharm. Open the Preferences pane, then navigate to "Tools", then "External Tools". From there,
 add a new tool with the following configuration:
 
-![Install ruff as an External Tool](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/193155720-336e43f0-1a8d-46b4-bc12-e60f9ae01f7e.png)
+![Install Ruff as an External Tool](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/193155720-336e43f0-1a8d-46b4-bc12-e60f9ae01f7e.png)
 
-ruff should then appear as a runnable action:
+Ruff should then appear as a runnable action:
 
-![ruff as a runnable action](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/193156026-732b0aaf-3dd9-4549-9b4d-2de6d2168a33.png)
+![Ruff as a runnable action](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/193156026-732b0aaf-3dd9-4549-9b4d-2de6d2168a33.png)
 
 ### GitHub Actions
 
-GitHub Actions has everything you need to run ruff out-of-the-box:
+GitHub Actions has everything you need to run Ruff out-of-the-box:
 
 ```yaml
 name: CI
@@ -351,13 +433,175 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install ruff
-      - name: Run ruff
+      - name: Run Ruff
         run: ruff .
 ```
 
+## FAQ
+
+### Is Ruff compatible with Black?
+
+Yes. Ruff is compatible with [Black](https://github.com/psf/black) out-of-the-box, as long as
+the `line-length` setting is consistent between the two.
+
+As a project, Ruff is designed to be used alongside Black and, as such, will defer implementing
+stylistic lint rules that are obviated by autoformatting.
+
+### How does Ruff compare to Flake8?
+
+Ruff can be used as a (near) drop-in replacement for Flake8 when used (1) without or with a small
+number of plugins, (2) alongside Black, and (3) on Python 3 code.
+
+Under those conditions Ruff is missing 14 rules related to string `.format` calls, 1 rule related
+to docstring parsing, and 1 rule related to redefined variables.
+
+Ruff re-implements some of the most popular Flake8 plugins and related code quality tools natively,
+including:
+
+- [`pydocstyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/)
+- [`yesqa`](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa)
+- [`flake8-docstrings`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-docstrings/)
+- [`flake8-builtins`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-builtins/)
+- [`flake8-super`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/)
+- [`flake8-print`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-print/)
+- [`flake8-comprehensions`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-comprehensions/)
+- [`flake8-bugbear`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bugbear/) (3/32)
+- [`pyupgrade`](https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/) (8/34)
+- [`autoflake`](https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/) (1/7)
+
+Beyond rule-set parity, Ruff suffers from the following limitations vis-à-vis Flake8:
+
+1. Ruff does not yet support a few Python 3.9 and 3.10 language features, including structural
+   pattern matching and parenthesized context managers.
+2. Flake8 has a plugin architecture and supports writing custom lint rules. (To date, popular Flake8
+   plugins have been re-implemented within Ruff directly.)
+
+### Which tools does Ruff replace?
+
+Today, Ruff can be used to replace Flake8 when used with any of the following plugins:
+
+- [`flake8-docstrings`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-docstrings/)
+- [`flake8-builtins`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-builtins/)
+- [`flake8-super`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/)
+- [`flake8-print`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-print/)
+- [`flake8-comprehensions`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-comprehensions/)
+- [`flake8-bugbear`](https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bugbear/) (3/32)
+
+Ruff also implements the functionality that you get from [`yesqa`](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa),
+and a subset of the rules implemented in [`pyupgrade`](https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/) (8/34).
+
+If you're looking to use Ruff, but rely on an unsupported Flake8 plugin, free to file an Issue.
+
+### Do I need to install Rust to use Ruff?
+
+Nope! Ruff is available as [`ruff`](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/) on PyPI:
+
+```shell
+pip install ruff
+```
+
+Ruff ships with wheels for all major platforms, which enables `pip` to install Ruff without relying
+on Rust at all.
+
+### Can I write my own plugins for Ruff?
+
+Ruff does not yet support third-party plugins, though a plugin system is within-scope for the
+project. See [#283](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff/issues/2830) for more.
+
+### Does Ruff support NumPy- or Google-style docstrings?
+
+Yes! To enable a specific docstring convention, start by enabling all `pydocstyle` error codes, and
+then selectively disabling based on your [preferred convention](https://www.pydocstyle.org/en/latest/error_codes.html#default-conventions).
+
+For example, if you're coming from `flake8-docstrings`, the following configuration is equivalent to
+`--docstring-convention numpy`:
+
+```toml
+[tool.ruff]
+extend-select = [
+    "D100",
+    "D101",
+    "D102",
+    "D103",
+    "D104",
+    "D105",
+    "D106",
+    "D200",
+    "D201",
+    "D202",
+    "D204",
+    "D205",
+    "D206",
+    "D207",
+    "D208",
+    "D209",
+    "D210",
+    "D211",
+    "D214",
+    "D215",
+    "D300",
+    "D400",
+    "D402",
+    "D403",
+    "D404",
+    "D405",
+    "D406",
+    "D407",
+    "D408",
+    "D409",
+    "D410",
+    "D411",
+    "D412",
+    "D413",
+    "D418",
+    "D419",
+]
+```
+
+Similarly, the following is equivalent to `--docstring-convention google`:
+
+```toml
+[tool.ruff]
+extend-select = [
+    "D100",
+    "D101",
+    "D102",
+    "D103",
+    "D104",
+    "D105",
+    "D106",
+    "D107",
+    "D200",
+    "D201",
+    "D202",
+    "D205",
+    "D206",
+    "D207",
+    "D208",
+    "D209",
+    "D210",
+    "D211",
+    "D212",
+    "D214",
+    "D300",
+    "D402",
+    "D403",
+    "D405",
+    "D410",
+    "D411",
+    "D412",
+    "D414",
+    "D415",
+    "D416",
+    "D417",
+    "D418",
+    "D419",
+]
+```
+
 ## Development
 
-ruff is written in Rust (1.63.0). You'll need to install the [Rust toolchain](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install)
+Ruff is written in Rust (1.63.0). You'll need to install the [Rust toolchain](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install)
 for development.
 
 Assuming you have `cargo` installed, you can run:
@@ -369,13 +613,13 @@ cargo clippy
 cargo test
 ```
 
-## Deployment
+## Releases
 
-ruff is distributed on [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/), and published via [`maturin`](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin).
+Ruff is distributed on [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/), and published via [`maturin`](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin).
 
 See: `.github/workflows/release.yaml`.
 
-## Benchmarking
+## Benchmarks
 
 First, clone [CPython](https://github.com/python/cpython). It's a large and diverse Python codebase,
 which makes it a good target for benchmarking.
@@ -452,9 +696,9 @@ hyperfine --ignore-failure --warmup 5 \
 
 In order, these evaluate:
 
-- ruff
+- Ruff
 - Pylint
-- PyFlakes
+- Pyflakes
 - autoflake
 - pycodestyle
 - Flake8

examples/generate_rules_table.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
-/// Generate a Markdown-compatible table of supported lint rules.
+//! Generate a Markdown-compatible table of supported lint rules.
+
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
-use ruff::checks::{CheckCode, DEFAULT_CHECK_CODES};
+use ruff::checks::{CheckCategory, CheckCode};
 
 fn main() {
-    println!("| Code | Name | Message |     |     |");
-    println!("| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- | --- |");
-    for check_code in CheckCode::iter() {
-        let check_kind = check_code.kind();
-        let default_token = if DEFAULT_CHECK_CODES.contains(&check_code) {
-            "✅"
-        } else {
-            ""
-        };
-        let fix_token = if check_kind.fixable() { "🛠" } else { "" };
-        println!(
-            "| {} | {} | {} | {} | {} |",
-            check_kind.code().as_ref(),
-            check_kind.as_ref(),
-            check_kind.body().replace("|", r"\|"),
-            default_token,
-            fix_token
-        );
+    for check_category in CheckCategory::iter() {
+        println!("### {}", check_category.title());
+        println!();
+
+        println!("| Code | Name | Message | Fix |");
+        println!("| ---- | ---- | ------- | --- |");
+        for check_code in CheckCode::iter() {
+            if check_code.category() == check_category {
+                let check_kind = check_code.kind();
+                let fix_token = if check_kind.fixable() { "🛠" } else { "" };
+                println!(
+                    "| {} | {} | {} | {} |",
+                    check_kind.code().as_ref(),
+                    check_kind.as_ref(),
+                    check_kind.body().replace("|", r"\|"),
+                    fix_token
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        println!();
     }
 }

examples/print_ast.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-/// Print the AST for a given Python file.
+//! Print the AST for a given Python file.
+
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use anyhow::Result;

examples/print_tokens.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-/// Print the token stream for a given Python file.
+//! Print the token stream for a given Python file.
+
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use anyhow::Result;

resources/test/fixtures/C411.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+x = [1, 2, 3]
+list([i for i in x])

resources/test/fixtures/C413.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+x = [2, 3, 1]
+list(sorted(x))
+reversed(sorted(x))
+reversed(sorted(x, reverse=True))

resources/test/fixtures/C414.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+x = [1, 2, 3]
+list(list(x))
+list(tuple(x))
+tuple(list(x))
+tuple(tuple(x))
+set(set(x))
+set(list(x))
+set(tuple(x))
+set(sorted(x))
+set(reversed(x))
+sorted(list(x))
+sorted(tuple(x))
+sorted(sorted(x))
+sorted(reversed(x))

resources/test/fixtures/C416.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+x = [1, 2, 3]
+[i for i in x]
+{i for i in x}
+
+[i for i in x if i > 1]
+[i for i in x for j in x]

resources/test/fixtures/C417.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+nums = [1, 2, 3]
+map(lambda x: x + 1, nums)
+map(lambda x: str(x), nums)
+list(map(lambda x: x * 2, nums))
+set(map(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))
+dict(map(lambda v: (v, v**2), nums))

resources/test/fixtures/F401_0.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Y = TypeVar("Y", bound="Dict")
 Z = TypeVar("Z", "List", "Set")
 
 a = list["Fruit"]
-b = Union["Nut", None]
+b = Union["""Nut""", None]
 c = cast("Vegetable", b)
 
 Field = lambda default=MISSING: field(default=default)

resources/test/fixtures/N801.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class bad:
+    pass
+
+
+class _bad:
+    pass
+
+
+class bad_class:
+    pass
+
+
+class Bad_Class:
+    pass
+
+
+class BAD_CLASS:
+    pass
+
+
+class Good:
+    pass
+
+
+class _Good:
+    pass
+
+
+class GoodClass:
+    pass
+
+
+class GOOD:
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/N802.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+def Bad():
+    pass
+
+
+def _Bad():
+    pass
+
+
+def BAD():
+    pass
+
+
+def BAD_FUNC():
+    pass
+
+
+def good():
+    pass
+
+
+def _good():
+    pass
+
+
+def good_func():
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/N803.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def func(a, A):
+    return a, A
+
+
+class Class:
+    def method(self, a, A):
+        return a, A

resources/test/fixtures/N804.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class Class:
+    @classmethod
+    def bad_class_method(this):
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def good_class_method(cls):
+        pass
+
+    def method(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def static_method(x):
+        return x
+
+
+def func(x):
+    return x

resources/test/fixtures/N805.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import random
+
+
+class Class:
+    def bad_method(this):
+        pass
+
+    if random.random(0, 2) == 0:
+
+        def extra_bad_method(this):
+            pass
+
+    def good_method(self):
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def class_method(cls):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def static_method(x):
+        return x
+
+
+def func(x):
+    return x

resources/test/fixtures/canonical_google_examples.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""A one line summary of the module or program, terminated by a period.
+
+Leave one blank line.  The rest of this docstring should contain an
+overall description of the module or program.  Optionally, it may also
+contain a brief description of exported classes and functions and/or usage
+examples.
+
+  Typical usage example:
+
+  foo = ClassFoo()
+  bar = foo.FunctionBar()
+"""
+# above: "2.8.2 Modules" section example
+# https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#382-modules
+
+# Examples from the official "Google Python Style Guide" documentation:
+#     * As HTML: https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html
+#     * Source Markdown:
+#         https://github.com/google/styleguide/blob/gh-pages/pyguide.md
+
+import os
+from .expected import Expectation
+
+expectation = Expectation()
+expect = expectation.expect
+
+# module docstring expected violations:
+expectation.expected.add((
+    os.path.normcase(__file__),
+    "D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line"))
+
+
+# "3.8.3 Functions and Methods" section example
+# https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods
+@expect("D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line",
+        arg_count=3)
+@expect("D401: First line should be in imperative mood "
+        "(perhaps 'Fetch', not 'Fetches')", arg_count=3)
+@expect("D406: Section name should end with a newline "
+        "('Raises', not 'Raises:')", arg_count=3)
+@expect("D406: Section name should end with a newline "
+        "('Returns', not 'Returns:')", arg_count=3)
+@expect("D407: Missing dashed underline after section ('Raises')", arg_count=3)
+@expect("D407: Missing dashed underline after section ('Returns')",
+        arg_count=3)
+@expect("D413: Missing blank line after last section ('Raises')", arg_count=3)
+def fetch_bigtable_rows(big_table, keys, other_silly_variable=None):
+    """Fetches rows from a Bigtable.
+
+    Retrieves rows pertaining to the given keys from the Table instance
+    represented by big_table.  Silly things may happen if
+    other_silly_variable is not None.
+
+    Args:
+        big_table: An open Bigtable Table instance.
+        keys: A sequence of strings representing the key of each table row
+            to fetch.
+        other_silly_variable: Another optional variable, that has a much
+            longer name than the other args, and which does nothing.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dict mapping keys to the corresponding table row data
+        fetched. Each row is represented as a tuple of strings. For
+        example:
+
+        {'Serak': ('Rigel VII', 'Preparer'),
+         'Zim': ('Irk', 'Invader'),
+         'Lrrr': ('Omicron Persei 8', 'Emperor')}
+
+        If a key from the keys argument is missing from the dictionary,
+        then that row was not found in the table.
+
+    Raises:
+        IOError: An error occurred accessing the bigtable.Table object.
+    """
+
+
+# "3.8.4 Classes" section example
+# https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#384-classes
+@expect("D203: 1 blank line required before class docstring (found 0)")
+@expect("D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line")
+@expect("D406: Section name should end with a newline "
+        "('Attributes', not 'Attributes:')")
+@expect("D407: Missing dashed underline after section ('Attributes')")
+@expect("D413: Missing blank line after last section ('Attributes')")
+class SampleClass:
+    """Summary of class here.
+
+    Longer class information....
+    Longer class information....
+
+    Attributes:
+        likes_spam: A boolean indicating if we like SPAM or not.
+        eggs: An integer count of the eggs we have laid.
+    """
+
+    @expect("D401: First line should be in imperative mood "
+            "(perhaps 'Init', not 'Inits')", arg_count=2)
+    def __init__(self, likes_spam=False):
+        """Inits SampleClass with blah."""
+        if self:  # added to avoid NameError when run via @expect decorator
+            self.likes_spam = likes_spam
+            self.eggs = 0
+
+    @expect("D401: First line should be in imperative mood "
+            "(perhaps 'Perform', not 'Performs')", arg_count=1)
+    def public_method(self):
+        """Performs operation blah."""

resources/test/fixtures/canonical_numpy_examples.py

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+"""This is the docstring for the example.py module.  Modules names should
+have short, all-lowercase names.  The module name may have underscores if
+this improves readability.
+
+Every module should have a docstring at the very top of the file.  The
+module's docstring may extend over multiple lines.  If your docstring does
+extend over multiple lines, the closing three quotation marks must be on
+a line by itself, preferably preceded by a blank line.
+
+"""
+
+# Example source file from the official "numpydoc docstring guide"
+# documentation (with the modification of commenting out all the original
+# ``import`` lines, plus adding this note and ``Expectation`` code):
+#     * As HTML: https://numpydoc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example.html
+#     * Source Python:
+#         https://github.com/numpy/numpydoc/blob/master/doc/example.py
+
+# from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
+#
+# import os  # standard library imports first
+#
+# Do NOT import using *, e.g. from numpy import *
+#
+# Import the module using
+#
+#   import numpy
+#
+# instead or import individual functions as needed, e.g
+#
+#  from numpy import array, zeros
+#
+# If you prefer the use of abbreviated module names, we suggest the
+# convention used by NumPy itself::
+#
+# import numpy as np
+# import matplotlib as mpl
+# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+#
+# These abbreviated names are not to be used in docstrings; users must
+# be able to paste and execute docstrings after importing only the
+# numpy module itself, unabbreviated.
+
+import os
+from .expected import Expectation
+
+expectation = Expectation()
+expect = expectation.expect
+
+# module docstring expected violations:
+expectation.expected.add((
+    os.path.normcase(__file__),
+    "D205: 1 blank line required between summary line and description "
+    "(found 0)"))
+expectation.expected.add((
+    os.path.normcase(__file__),
+    "D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line"))
+expectation.expected.add((
+    os.path.normcase(__file__),
+    "D400: First line should end with a period (not 'd')"))
+expectation.expected.add((
+    os.path.normcase(__file__),
+    "D404: First word of the docstring should not be `This`"))
+expectation.expected.add((
+    os.path.normcase(__file__),
+    "D415: First line should end with a period, question mark, or exclamation "
+    "point (not 'd')"))
+
+
+@expect("D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line",
+        arg_count=3)
+@expect("D401: First line should be in imperative mood; try rephrasing "
+        "(found 'A')", arg_count=3)
+@expect("D413: Missing blank line after last section ('Examples')",
+        arg_count=3)
+def foo(var1, var2, long_var_name='hi'):
+    r"""A one-line summary that does not use variable names.
+
+    Several sentences providing an extended description. Refer to
+    variables using back-ticks, e.g. `var`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    var1 : array_like
+        Array_like means all those objects -- lists, nested lists, etc. --
+        that can be converted to an array.  We can also refer to
+        variables like `var1`.
+    var2 : int
+        The type above can either refer to an actual Python type
+        (e.g. ``int``), or describe the type of the variable in more
+        detail, e.g. ``(N,) ndarray`` or ``array_like``.
+    long_var_name : {'hi', 'ho'}, optional
+        Choices in brackets, default first when optional.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    type
+        Explanation of anonymous return value of type ``type``.
+    describe : type
+        Explanation of return value named `describe`.
+    out : type
+        Explanation of `out`.
+    type_without_description
+
+    Other Parameters
+    ----------------
+    only_seldom_used_keywords : type
+        Explanation
+    common_parameters_listed_above : type
+        Explanation
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    BadException
+        Because you shouldn't have done that.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.array : Relationship (optional).
+    numpy.ndarray : Relationship (optional), which could be fairly long, in
+                    which case the line wraps here.
+    numpy.dot, numpy.linalg.norm, numpy.eye
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Notes about the implementation algorithm (if needed).
+
+    This can have multiple paragraphs.
+
+    You may include some math:
+
+    .. math:: X(e^{j\omega } ) = x(n)e^{ - j\omega n}
+
+    And even use a Greek symbol like :math:`\omega` inline.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    Cite the relevant literature, e.g. [1]_.  You may also cite these
+    references in the notes section above.
+
+    .. [1] O. McNoleg, "The integration of GIS, remote sensing,
+       expert systems and adaptive co-kriging for environmental habitat
+       modelling of the Highland Haggis using object-oriented, fuzzy-logic
+       and neural-network techniques," Computers & Geosciences, vol. 22,
+       pp. 585-588, 1996.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    These are written in doctest format, and should illustrate how to
+    use the function.
+
+    >>> a = [1, 2, 3]
+    >>> print([x + 3 for x in a])
+    [4, 5, 6]
+    >>> print("a\nb")
+    a
+    b
+    """
+    # After closing class docstring, there should be one blank line to
+    # separate following codes (according to PEP257).
+    # But for function, method and module, there should be no blank lines
+    # after closing the docstring.
+    pass

resources/test/fixtures/sections.py

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+"""A valid module docstring."""
+
+from .expected import Expectation
+
+expectation = Expectation()
+expect = expectation.expect
+
+
+_D213 = 'D213: Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line'
+_D400 = "D400: First line should end with a period (not '!')"
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D405: Section name should be properly capitalized "
+        "('Returns', not 'returns')")
+def not_capitalized():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    returns
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D406: Section name should end with a newline "
+        "('Returns', not 'Returns:')")
+def superfluous_suffix():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns:
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D407: Missing dashed underline after section ('Returns')")
+def no_underline():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D407: Missing dashed underline after section ('Returns')")
+@expect("D414: Section has no content ('Returns')")
+def no_underline_and_no_description():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D410: Missing blank line after section ('Returns')")
+@expect("D414: Section has no content ('Returns')")
+@expect("D411: Missing blank line before section ('Yields')")
+@expect("D414: Section has no content ('Yields')")
+def consecutive_sections():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Yields
+    ------
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    Questions.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D408: Section underline should be in the line following the "
+        "section's name ('Returns')")
+def blank_line_before_underline():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D409: Section underline should match the length of its name "
+        "(Expected 7 dashes in section 'Returns', got 2)")
+def bad_underline_length():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+    --
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D413: Missing blank line after last section ('Returns')")
+def no_blank_line_after_last_section():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D411: Missing blank line before section ('Returns')")
+def no_blank_line_before_section():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    The function's description.
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D214: Section is over-indented ('Returns')")
+def section_overindented():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+        Returns
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D215: Section underline is over-indented (in section 'Returns')")
+def section_underline_overindented():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+        -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D215: Section underline is over-indented (in section 'Returns')")
+@expect("D413: Missing blank line after last section ('Returns')")
+@expect("D414: Section has no content ('Returns')")
+def section_underline_overindented_and_contentless():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Returns
+        -------
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+def ignore_non_actual_section():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    This is the function's description, which will also specify what it
+    returns
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D401: First line should be in imperative mood "
+        "(perhaps 'Return', not 'Returns')")
+@expect("D400: First line should end with a period (not 's')")
+@expect("D415: First line should end with a period, question "
+        "mark, or exclamation point (not 's')")
+@expect("D205: 1 blank line required between summary line and description "
+        "(found 0)")
+def section_name_in_first_line():  # noqa: D416
+    """Returns
+    -------
+    A value of some sort.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D405: Section name should be properly capitalized "
+        "('Short Summary', not 'Short summary')")
+@expect("D412: No blank lines allowed between a section header and its "
+        "content ('Short Summary')")
+@expect("D409: Section underline should match the length of its name "
+        "(Expected 7 dashes in section 'Returns', got 6)")
+@expect("D410: Missing blank line after section ('Returns')")
+@expect("D411: Missing blank line before section ('Raises')")
+@expect("D406: Section name should end with a newline "
+        "('Raises', not 'Raises:')")
+@expect("D407: Missing dashed underline after section ('Raises')")
+def multiple_sections():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Short summary
+    -------------
+
+    This is the function's description, which will also specify what it
+    returns.
+
+    Returns
+    ------
+    Many many wonderful things.
+    Raises:
+    My attention.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+def false_positive_section_prefix():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    attributes_are_fun: attributes for the function.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+def section_names_as_parameter_names():  # noqa: D416
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    notes : list
+        A list of wonderful notes.
+    examples: list
+        A list of horrible examples.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D414: Section has no content ('Returns')")
+def valid_google_style_section():  # noqa: D406, D407
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Args:
+        note: A random string.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    Raises:
+        RandomError: A random error that occurs randomly.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D416: Section name should end with a colon "
+        "('Args:', not 'Args')")
+def missing_colon_google_style_section():  # noqa: D406, D407
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Args
+        note: A random string.
+
+    """
+
+
+@expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+        "(argument(s) y are missing descriptions in "
+        "'bar' docstring)", func_name="bar")
+def _test_nested_functions():
+    x = 1
+
+    def bar(y=2):  # noqa: D207, D213, D406, D407
+        """Nested function test for docstrings.
+
+        Will this work when referencing x?
+
+        Args:
+            x: Test something
+that is broken.
+
+        """
+        print(x)
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+        "(argument(s) y are missing descriptions in "
+        "'test_missing_google_args' docstring)")
+def test_missing_google_args(x=1, y=2, _private=3):  # noqa: D406, D407
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Args:
+        x (int): The greatest integer.
+
+    """
+
+
+class TestGoogle:  # noqa: D203
+    """Test class."""
+
+    def test_method(self, test, another_test, _):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Args:
+            test: A parameter.
+            another_test: Another parameter.
+
+        """
+
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) test, y, z are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_args' docstring)", arg_count=5)
+    def test_missing_args(self, test, x, y, z=3, _private_arg=3):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Args:
+            x: Another parameter.
+
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) test, y, z are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_args_class_method' docstring)", arg_count=5)
+    def test_missing_args_class_method(cls, test, x, y, _, z=3):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Args:
+            x: Another parameter. The parameter below is missing description.
+            y:
+
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) a, y, z are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_args_static_method' docstring)", arg_count=4)
+    def test_missing_args_static_method(a, x, y, _test, z=3):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Args:
+            x: Another parameter.
+
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) a, b are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_docstring' docstring)", arg_count=2)
+    def test_missing_docstring(a, b):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Args:
+            a:
+
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def test_hanging_indent(skip, verbose):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Do stuff.
+
+        Args:
+            skip (:attr:`.Skip`):
+                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
+                Etiam at tellus a tellus faucibus maximus. Curabitur tellus
+                mauris, semper id vehicula ac, feugiat ut tortor.
+            verbose (bool):
+                If True, print out as much infromation as possible.
+                If False, print out concise "one-liner" information.
+
+        """
+
+
+@expect(_D213)
+@expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+        "(argument(s) y are missing descriptions in "
+        "'test_missing_numpy_args' docstring)")
+def test_missing_numpy_args(_private_arg=0, x=1, y=2):  # noqa: D406, D407
+    """Toggle the gizmo.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : int
+        The greatest integer in the history \
+of the entire world.
+
+    """
+
+
+class TestNumpy:  # noqa: D203
+    """Test class."""
+
+    def test_method(self, test, another_test, z, _, x=1, y=2, _private_arg=1):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Some long string with a \
+line continuation.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        test, another_test
+            Some parameters without type.
+        z : some parameter with a very long type description that requires a \
+line continuation.
+            But no further description.
+        x, y : int
+            Some integer parameters.
+
+        """
+
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) test, y, z are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_args' docstring)", arg_count=5)
+    def test_missing_args(self, test, x, y, z=3, t=1, _private=0):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x, t : int
+            Some parameters.
+
+
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) test, y, z are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_args_class_method' docstring)", arg_count=4)
+    def test_missing_args_class_method(cls, test, x, y, z=3):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z
+        x
+            Another parameter. The parameters y, test below are
+            missing descriptions. The parameter z above is also missing
+            a description.
+        y
+        test
+
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) a, z are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_missing_args_static_method' docstring)", arg_count=3)
+    def test_missing_args_static_method(a, x, y, z=3, t=1):  # noqa: D213, D407
+        """Test a valid args section.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x, y
+            Another parameter.
+        t : int
+            Yet another parameter.
+
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def test_mixing_numpy_and_google(danger):  # noqa: D213
+        """Repro for #388.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        danger
+            Zoneeeeee!
+
+        """
+
+
+class TestIncorrectIndent:  # noqa: D203
+    """Test class."""
+
+    @expect("D417: Missing argument descriptions in the docstring "
+            "(argument(s) y are missing descriptions in "
+            "'test_incorrect_indent' docstring)", arg_count=3)
+    def test_incorrect_indent(self, x=1, y=2):  # noqa: D207, D213, D407
+        """Reproducing issue #437.
+
+Testing this incorrectly indented docstring.
+
+        Args:
+            x: Test argument.
+
+        """

scripts/.flake8

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[flake8]
+exclude =
+    # Defaults
+    .svn,
+    CVS,
+    .bzr,
+    .hg,
+    .git,
+    __pycache__,
+    .tox,
+    .idea,
+    .mypy_cache,
+    .venv,
+    node_modules,
+    # Custom
+    _state_machine.py,
+    test_fstring.py,
+    bad_coding2.py,
+    badsyntax_*.py

src/ast/checkers.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use itertools::izip;
 use num_bigint::BigInt;
 use regex::Regex;
 use rustpython_parser::ast::{
-    Arg, ArgData, Arguments, Cmpop, Constant, Excepthandler, ExcepthandlerKind, Expr, ExprKind,
-    KeywordData, Located, Stmt, StmtKind, Unaryop,
+    Arg, ArgData, Arguments, Cmpop, Comprehension, Constant, Excepthandler, ExcepthandlerKind,
+    Expr, ExprKind, KeywordData, Located, Stmt, StmtKind, Unaryop,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn do_not_assign_lambda(value: &Expr, location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
 }
 
 /// Check UselessMetaclassType compliance.
-pub fn useless_metaclass_type(targets: &Vec<Expr>, value: &Expr, location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn useless_metaclass_type(targets: &[Expr], value: &Expr, location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
     if targets.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = targets.first().map(|expr| &expr.node).unwrap() {
             if id == "__metaclass__" {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ pub fn useless_metaclass_type(targets: &Vec<Expr>, value: &Expr, location: Range
 }
 
 /// Check UnnecessaryAbspath compliance.
-pub fn unnecessary_abspath(func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>, location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn unnecessary_abspath(func: &Expr, args: &[Expr], location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
     // Validate the arguments.
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &args[0].node {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ impl Primitive {
 }
 
 /// Check TypeOfPrimitive compliance.
-pub fn type_of_primitive(func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>, location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn type_of_primitive(func: &Expr, args: &[Expr], location: Range) -> Option<Check> {
     // Validate the arguments.
     if args.len() == 1 {
         match &func.node {
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ pub fn useless_object_inheritance(name: &str, bases: &[Expr], scope: &Scope) ->
 }
 
 /// Check DefaultExceptNotLast compliance.
-pub fn default_except_not_last(handlers: &Vec<Excepthandler>) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn default_except_not_last(handlers: &[Excepthandler]) -> Option<Check> {
     for (idx, handler) in handlers.iter().enumerate() {
         let ExcepthandlerKind::ExceptHandler { type_, .. } = &handler.node;
         if type_.is_none() && idx < handlers.len() - 1 {
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ fn convert_to_value(expr: &Expr) -> Option<DictionaryKey> {
 
 /// Check MultiValueRepeatedKeyLiteral and MultiValueRepeatedKeyVariable compliance.
 pub fn repeated_keys(
-    keys: &Vec<Expr>,
+    keys: &[Expr],
     check_repeated_literals: bool,
     check_repeated_variables: bool,
     locator: &dyn CheckLocator,
@@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ pub fn repeated_keys(
 /// Check TrueFalseComparison and NoneComparison compliance.
 pub fn literal_comparisons(
     left: &Expr,
-    ops: &Vec<Cmpop>,
-    comparators: &Vec<Expr>,
+    ops: &[Cmpop],
+    comparators: &[Expr],
     check_none_comparisons: bool,
     check_true_false_comparisons: bool,
     locator: &dyn CheckLocator,
@@ -540,12 +540,7 @@ fn is_constant_non_singleton(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// Check IsLiteral compliance.
-pub fn is_literal(
-    left: &Expr,
-    ops: &Vec<Cmpop>,
-    comparators: &Vec<Expr>,
-    location: Range,
-) -> Vec<Check> {
+pub fn is_literal(left: &Expr, ops: &[Cmpop], comparators: &[Expr], location: Range) -> Vec<Check> {
     let mut checks: Vec<Check> = vec![];
 
     let mut left = left;
@@ -562,7 +557,7 @@ pub fn is_literal(
 }
 
 /// Check TypeComparison compliance.
-pub fn type_comparison(ops: &Vec<Cmpop>, comparators: &Vec<Expr>, location: Range) -> Vec<Check> {
+pub fn type_comparison(ops: &[Cmpop], comparators: &[Expr], location: Range) -> Vec<Check> {
     let mut checks: Vec<Check> = vec![];
 
     for (op, right) in izip!(ops, comparators) {
@@ -734,7 +729,7 @@ pub fn builtin_shadowing(name: &str, location: Range, node_type: ShadowingType)
 
 // flake8-comprehensions
 /// Check `list(generator)` compliance.
-pub fn unnecessary_generator_list(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn unnecessary_generator_list(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
             if id == "list" {
@@ -751,13 +746,13 @@ pub fn unnecessary_generator_list(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) ->
 }
 
 /// Check `set(generator)` compliance.
-pub fn unnecessary_generator_set(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn unnecessary_generator_set(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
             if id == "set" {
                 if let ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. } = &args[0].node {
                     return Some(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorList,
+                        CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorSet,
                         Range::from_located(expr),
                     ));
                 }
@@ -768,7 +763,7 @@ pub fn unnecessary_generator_set(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) ->
 }
 
 /// Check `dict((x, y) for x, y in iterable)` compliance.
-pub fn unnecessary_generator_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn unnecessary_generator_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
             if id == "dict" {
@@ -776,7 +771,7 @@ pub fn unnecessary_generator_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) ->
                     match &elt.node {
                         ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } if elts.len() == 2 => {
                             return Some(Check::new(
-                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict,
+                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorDict,
                                 Range::from_located(expr),
                             ));
                         }
@@ -793,7 +788,7 @@ pub fn unnecessary_generator_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) ->
 pub fn unnecessary_list_comprehension_set(
     expr: &Expr,
     func: &Expr,
-    args: &Vec<Expr>,
+    args: &[Expr],
 ) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
@@ -814,7 +809,7 @@ pub fn unnecessary_list_comprehension_set(
 pub fn unnecessary_list_comprehension_dict(
     expr: &Expr,
     func: &Expr,
-    args: &Vec<Expr>,
+    args: &[Expr],
 ) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
@@ -837,7 +832,7 @@ pub fn unnecessary_list_comprehension_dict(
 }
 
 /// Check `set([1, 2])` compliance.
-pub fn unnecessary_literal_set(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn unnecessary_literal_set(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
             if id == "set" {
@@ -863,7 +858,7 @@ pub fn unnecessary_literal_set(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> Op
 }
 
 /// Check `dict([(1, 2)])` compliance.
-pub fn unnecessary_literal_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> Option<Check> {
+pub fn unnecessary_literal_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.len() == 1 {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
             if id == "dict" {
@@ -919,8 +914,8 @@ pub fn unnecessary_literal_dict(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> O
 pub fn unnecessary_collection_call(
     expr: &Expr,
     func: &Expr,
-    args: &Vec<Expr>,
-    keywords: &Vec<Located<KeywordData>>,
+    args: &[Expr],
+    keywords: &[Located<KeywordData>],
 ) -> Option<Check> {
     if args.is_empty() {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
@@ -1004,6 +999,104 @@ pub fn unnecessary_literal_within_list_call(
     None
 }
 
+pub fn unnecessary_list_call(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
+    if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
+        if id == "list" {
+            if let Some(arg) = args.first() {
+                if let ExprKind::ListComp { .. } = &arg.node {
+                    return Some(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::UnnecessaryListCall,
+                        Range::from_located(expr),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn unnecessary_call_around_sorted(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
+    if let ExprKind::Name { id: outer, .. } = &func.node {
+        if outer == "list" || outer == "reversed" {
+            if let Some(arg) = args.first() {
+                if let ExprKind::Call { func, .. } = &arg.node {
+                    if let ExprKind::Name { id: inner, .. } = &func.node {
+                        if inner == "sorted" {
+                            return Some(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted(outer.to_string()),
+                                Range::from_located(expr),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn unnecessary_double_cast_or_process(
+    expr: &Expr,
+    func: &Expr,
+    args: &[Expr],
+) -> Option<Check> {
+    if let ExprKind::Name { id: outer, .. } = &func.node {
+        if outer == "list"
+            || outer == "tuple"
+            || outer == "set"
+            || outer == "reversed"
+            || outer == "sorted"
+        {
+            if let Some(arg) = args.first() {
+                if let ExprKind::Call { func, .. } = &arg.node {
+                    if let ExprKind::Name { id: inner, .. } = &func.node {
+                        // Ex) set(tuple(...))
+                        if (outer == "set" || outer == "sorted")
+                            && (inner == "list"
+                                || inner == "tuple"
+                                || inner == "reversed"
+                                || inner == "sorted")
+                        {
+                            return Some(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(
+                                    inner.to_string(),
+                                    outer.to_string(),
+                                ),
+                                Range::from_located(expr),
+                            ));
+                        }
+
+                        // Ex) list(tuple(...))
+                        if (outer == "list" || outer == "tuple")
+                            && (inner == "list" || inner == "tuple")
+                        {
+                            return Some(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(
+                                    inner.to_string(),
+                                    outer.to_string(),
+                                ),
+                                Range::from_located(expr),
+                            ));
+                        }
+
+                        // Ex) set(set(...))
+                        if outer == "set" && inner == "set" {
+                            return Some(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(
+                                    inner.to_string(),
+                                    outer.to_string(),
+                                ),
+                                Range::from_located(expr),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
 pub fn unnecessary_subscript_reversal(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
     if let Some(first_arg) = args.first() {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
@@ -1042,6 +1135,99 @@ pub fn unnecessary_subscript_reversal(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -
     None
 }
 
+pub fn unnecessary_comprehension(
+    expr: &Expr,
+    elt: &Expr,
+    generators: &[Comprehension],
+) -> Option<Check> {
+    if generators.len() == 1 {
+        let generator = &generators[0];
+        if generator.ifs.is_empty() && generator.is_async == 0 {
+            if let ExprKind::Name { id: elt_id, .. } = &elt.node {
+                if let ExprKind::Name { id: target_id, .. } = &generator.target.node {
+                    if elt_id == target_id {
+                        match &expr.node {
+                            ExprKind::ListComp { .. } => {
+                                return Some(Check::new(
+                                    CheckKind::UnnecessaryComprehension("list".to_string()),
+                                    Range::from_located(expr),
+                                ))
+                            }
+                            ExprKind::SetComp { .. } => {
+                                return Some(Check::new(
+                                    CheckKind::UnnecessaryComprehension("set".to_string()),
+                                    Range::from_located(expr),
+                                ))
+                            }
+                            _ => {}
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn unnecessary_map(expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> Option<Check> {
+    if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
+        if id == "map" {
+            if args.len() == 2 {
+                if let ExprKind::Lambda { .. } = &args[0].node {
+                    return Some(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::UnnecessaryMap("generator".to_string()),
+                        Range::from_located(expr),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        } else if id == "list" || id == "set" {
+            if let Some(arg) = args.first() {
+                if let ExprKind::Call { func, args, .. } = &arg.node {
+                    if let ExprKind::Name { id: f, .. } = &func.node {
+                        if f == "map" {
+                            if let Some(arg) = args.first() {
+                                if let ExprKind::Lambda { .. } = &arg.node {
+                                    return Some(Check::new(
+                                        CheckKind::UnnecessaryMap(id.to_string()),
+                                        Range::from_located(expr),
+                                    ));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else if id == "dict" {
+            if args.len() == 1 {
+                if let ExprKind::Call { func, args, .. } = &args[0].node {
+                    if let ExprKind::Name { id: f, .. } = &func.node {
+                        if f == "map" {
+                            if let Some(arg) = args.first() {
+                                if let ExprKind::Lambda { body, .. } = &arg.node {
+                                    match &body.node {
+                                        ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. }
+                                        | ExprKind::List { elts, .. }
+                                            if elts.len() == 2 =>
+                                        {
+                                            return Some(Check::new(
+                                                CheckKind::UnnecessaryMap(id.to_string()),
+                                                Range::from_located(expr),
+                                            ))
+                                        }
+                                        _ => {}
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
 // flake8-super
 /// Check that `super()` has no args
 pub fn super_args(
@@ -1049,7 +1235,7 @@ pub fn super_args(
     parents: &[&Stmt],
     expr: &Expr,
     func: &Expr,
-    args: &Vec<Expr>,
+    args: &[Expr],
 ) -> Option<Check> {
     if !helpers::is_super_call_with_arguments(func, args) {
         return None;
@@ -1064,7 +1250,7 @@ pub fn super_args(
 
     // For a `super` invocation to be unnecessary, the first argument needs to match the enclosing
     // class, and the second argument needs to match the first argument to the enclosing function.
-    if let [first_arg, second_arg] = args.as_slice() {
+    if let [first_arg, second_arg] = args {
         // Find the enclosing function definition (if any).
         if let Some(StmtKind::FunctionDef {
             args: parent_args, ..
@@ -1140,3 +1326,99 @@ pub fn print_call(
 
     None
 }
+
+// pep8-naming
+pub fn invalid_class_name(class_def: &Stmt, name: &str) -> Option<Check> {
+    let stripped = name.strip_prefix('_').unwrap_or(name);
+    if !stripped
+        .chars()
+        .next()
+        .map(|c| c.is_uppercase())
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+        || stripped.contains('_')
+    {
+        return Some(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::InvalidClassName(name.to_string()),
+            Range::from_located(class_def),
+        ));
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn invalid_function_name(func_def: &Stmt, name: &str) -> Option<Check> {
+    if name.chars().any(|c| c.is_uppercase()) {
+        return Some(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::InvalidFunctionName(name.to_string()),
+            Range::from_located(func_def),
+        ));
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn invalid_argument_name(location: Range, name: &str) -> Option<Check> {
+    if name.chars().any(|c| c.is_uppercase()) {
+        return Some(Check::new(
+            CheckKind::InvalidArgumentName(name.to_string()),
+            location,
+        ));
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn invalid_first_argument_name_for_class_method(
+    scope: &Scope,
+    decorator_list: &[Expr],
+    args: &Arguments,
+) -> Option<Check> {
+    if !matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Class) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
+        if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &decorator.node {
+            id == "classmethod"
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }) {
+        if let Some(arg) = args.args.first() {
+            if arg.node.arg != "cls" {
+                return Some(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForClassMethod,
+                    Range::from_located(arg),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn invalid_first_argument_name_for_method(
+    scope: &Scope,
+    decorator_list: &[Expr],
+    args: &Arguments,
+) -> Option<Check> {
+    if !matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Class) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
+        if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &decorator.node {
+            id == "classmethod" || id == "staticmethod"
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(arg) = args.args.first() {
+        if arg.node.arg != "self" {
+            return Some(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForMethod,
+                Range::from_located(arg),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}

src/ast/helpers.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn extract_handler_names(handlers: &[Excepthandler]) -> Vec<String> {
 }
 
 /// Returns `true` if a call is an argumented `super` invocation.
-pub fn is_super_call_with_arguments(func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) -> bool {
+pub fn is_super_call_with_arguments(func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) -> bool {
     // Check: is this a `super` call?
     if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &func.node {
         id == "super" && !args.is_empty()

src/ast/operations.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pub fn is_unpacking_assignment(stmt: &Stmt) -> bool {
 /// Struct used to efficiently slice source code at (row, column) Locations.
 pub struct SourceCodeLocator<'a> {
     content: &'a str,
-    offsets: Vec<usize>,
+    offsets: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
     initialized: bool,
 }
 
@@ -134,32 +134,52 @@ impl<'a> SourceCodeLocator<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn slice_source_code_at(&mut self, location: &Location) -> &'a str {
+    fn init(&mut self) {
         if !self.initialized {
             let mut offset = 0;
-            for i in self.content.lines() {
-                self.offsets.push(offset);
-                offset += i.len();
-                offset += 1;
+            for line in self.content.lines() {
+                let mut newline = 0;
+                let mut line_offsets: Vec<usize> = vec![];
+                for (i, _char) in line.char_indices() {
+                    line_offsets.push(offset + i);
+                    newline = i + 1;
+                }
+                line_offsets.push(offset + newline);
+                self.offsets.push(line_offsets);
+                offset += newline + 1;
             }
+            self.offsets.push(vec![offset]);
             self.initialized = true;
         }
-        let offset = self.offsets[location.row() - 1] + location.column() - 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn slice_source_code_at(&mut self, location: &Location) -> &'a str {
+        self.init();
+        let offset = self.offsets[location.row() - 1][location.column() - 1];
         &self.content[offset..]
     }
 
     pub fn slice_source_code_range(&mut self, range: &Range) -> &'a str {
-        if !self.initialized {
-            let mut offset = 0;
-            for i in self.content.lines() {
-                self.offsets.push(offset);
-                offset += i.len();
-                offset += 1;
-            }
-            self.initialized = true;
-        }
-        let start = self.offsets[range.location.row() - 1] + range.location.column() - 1;
-        let end = self.offsets[range.end_location.row() - 1] + range.end_location.column() - 1;
+        self.init();
+        let start = self.offsets[range.location.row() - 1][range.location.column() - 1];
+        let end = self.offsets[range.end_location.row() - 1][range.end_location.column() - 1];
         &self.content[start..end]
     }
+
+    pub fn partition_source_code_at(
+        &mut self,
+        outer: &Range,
+        inner: &Range,
+    ) -> (&'a str, &'a str, &'a str) {
+        self.init();
+        let outer_start = self.offsets[outer.location.row() - 1][outer.location.column() - 1];
+        let outer_end = self.offsets[outer.end_location.row() - 1][outer.end_location.column() - 1];
+        let inner_start = self.offsets[inner.location.row() - 1][inner.location.column() - 1];
+        let inner_end = self.offsets[inner.end_location.row() - 1][inner.end_location.column() - 1];
+        (
+            &self.content[outer_start..inner_start],
+            &self.content[inner_start..inner_end],
+            &self.content[inner_end..outer_end],
+        )
+    }
 }

src/autofix/fixer.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-use std::fs;
-use std::path::Path;
-
-use anyhow::Result;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use rustpython_parser::ast::Location;
 
@@ -24,17 +20,15 @@ impl From<bool> for Mode {
 }
 
 /// Auto-fix errors in a file, and write the fixed source code to disk.
-pub fn fix_file(checks: &mut [Check], contents: &str, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn fix_file(checks: &mut [Check], contents: &str) -> Option<String> {
     if checks.iter().all(|check| check.fix.is_none()) {
-        return Ok(());
+        return None;
     }
 
-    let output = apply_fixes(
+    Some(apply_fixes(
         checks.iter_mut().filter_map(|check| check.fix.as_mut()),
         contents,
-    );
-
-    fs::write(path, output).map_err(|e| e.into())
+    ))
 }
 
 /// Apply a series of fixes.

src/cache.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+// cacache uses asyncd-std which has no wasm support, so currently no caching support on wasm
+#![cfg_attr(
+    target_family = "wasm",
+    allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)
+)]
+
 use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
 use std::fs::{create_dir_all, File, Metadata};
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
@@ -5,6 +11,7 @@ use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
 use cacache::Error::EntryNotFound;
 use filetime::FileTime;
 use log::error;
@@ -107,6 +114,7 @@ pub fn get(
         return None;
     };
 
+    #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))] // cacache needs async-std which doesn't support wasm
     match cacache::read_sync(cache_dir(), cache_key(path, settings, autofix)) {
         Ok(encoded) => match bincode::deserialize::<CheckResult>(&encoded[..]) {
             Ok(CheckResult {
@@ -137,12 +145,14 @@ pub fn set(
         return;
     };
 
+    #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))] // modification date not supported on wasm
     let check_result = CheckResultRef {
         metadata: &CacheMetadata {
             mtime: FileTime::from_last_modification_time(metadata).unix_seconds(),
         },
         messages,
     };
+    #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))] // cacache needs async-std which doesn't support wasm
     if let Err(e) = cacache::write_sync(
         cache_dir(),
         cache_key(path, settings, autofix),

src/check_ast.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use log::error;
-use rustpython_ast::Location;
 use rustpython_parser::ast::{
     Arg, Arguments, Constant, Excepthandler, ExcepthandlerKind, Expr, ExprContext, ExprKind,
     KeywordData, Operator, Stmt, StmtKind, Suite,
@@ -21,25 +20,25 @@ use crate::ast::visitor::{walk_excepthandler, Visitor};
 use crate::ast::{checkers, helpers, operations, visitor};
 use crate::autofix::{fixer, fixes};
 use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind};
-use crate::docstrings::{Docstring, DocstringKind};
+use crate::docstrings::definition::{Definition, DefinitionKind, Documentable};
 use crate::python::builtins::{BUILTINS, MAGIC_GLOBALS};
 use crate::python::future::ALL_FEATURE_NAMES;
 use crate::settings::{PythonVersion, Settings};
+use crate::visibility::{module_visibility, transition_scope, Modifier, Visibility, VisibleScope};
 use crate::{docstrings, plugins};
 
 pub const GLOBAL_SCOPE_INDEX: usize = 0;
 
 pub struct Checker<'a> {
     // Input data.
-    path: &'a Path,
-    // TODO(charlie): Separate immutable from mutable state. (None of these should ever change.)
+    pub(crate) path: &'a Path,
     pub(crate) locator: SourceCodeLocator<'a>,
     pub(crate) settings: &'a Settings,
     pub(crate) autofix: &'a fixer::Mode,
     // Computed checks.
     checks: Vec<Check>,
     // Docstring tracking.
-    docstrings: Vec<Docstring<'a>>,
+    docstrings: Vec<(Definition<'a>, Visibility)>,
     // Edit tracking.
     // TODO(charlie): Instead of exposing deletions, wrap in a public API.
     pub(crate) deletions: BTreeSet<usize>,
@@ -52,11 +51,11 @@ pub struct Checker<'a> {
     dead_scopes: Vec<usize>,
     deferred_string_annotations: Vec<(Range, &'a str)>,
     deferred_annotations: Vec<(&'a Expr, Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>)>,
-    deferred_functions: Vec<(&'a Stmt, Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>)>,
+    deferred_functions: Vec<(&'a Stmt, Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>, VisibleScope)>,
     deferred_lambdas: Vec<(&'a Expr, Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>)>,
     deferred_assignments: Vec<usize>,
     // Internal, derivative state.
-    pub(crate) initial: bool,
+    visible_scope: VisibleScope,
     in_f_string: Option<Range>,
     in_annotation: bool,
     in_literal: bool,
@@ -91,7 +90,10 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
             deferred_functions: Default::default(),
             deferred_lambdas: Default::default(),
             deferred_assignments: Default::default(),
-            initial: true,
+            visible_scope: VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Module,
+                visibility: module_visibility(path),
+            },
             in_f_string: None,
             in_annotation: Default::default(),
             in_literal: Default::default(),
@@ -125,36 +127,8 @@ where
             StmtKind::Import { .. } => {
                 self.futures_allowed = false;
             }
-            StmtKind::Expr { value } => {
-                // Track all docstrings: module-, class-, and function-level.
-                let mut is_module_docstring = false;
-                if matches!(
-                    &value.node,
-                    ExprKind::Constant {
-                        value: Constant::Str(_),
-                        ..
-                    }
-                ) {
-                    if let Some(docstring) = docstrings::extract(self, stmt, value) {
-                        if matches!(&docstring.kind, DocstringKind::Module) {
-                            is_module_docstring = true;
-                        }
-                        self.docstrings.push(docstring);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if !is_module_docstring {
-                    if !self.seen_import_boundary
-                        && !operations::in_nested_block(&self.parent_stack, &self.parents)
-                    {
-                        self.seen_import_boundary = true;
-                    }
-                    self.futures_allowed = false;
-                }
-            }
             node => {
                 self.futures_allowed = false;
-
                 if !self.seen_import_boundary
                     && !helpers::is_assignment_to_a_dunder(node)
                     && !operations::in_nested_block(&self.parent_stack, &self.parents)
@@ -239,6 +213,32 @@ where
                     }
                 }
 
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::N802) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::invalid_function_name(stmt, name) {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::N804) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::invalid_first_argument_name_for_class_method(
+                        self.current_scope(),
+                        decorator_list,
+                        args,
+                    ) {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::N805) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::invalid_first_argument_name_for_method(
+                        self.current_scope(),
+                        decorator_list,
+                        args,
+                    ) {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    }
+                }
+
                 self.check_builtin_shadowing(name, Range::from_located(stmt), true);
 
                 // Visit the decorators and arguments, but avoid the body, which will be deferred.
@@ -289,11 +289,7 @@ where
                 );
             }
             StmtKind::Return { .. } => {
-                if self
-                    .settings
-                    .enabled
-                    .contains(CheckKind::ReturnOutsideFunction.code())
-                {
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F706) {
                     if let Some(scope_index) = self.scope_stack.last().cloned() {
                         match self.scopes[scope_index].kind {
                             ScopeKind::Class | ScopeKind::Module => {
@@ -327,6 +323,12 @@ where
                     }
                 }
 
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::N801) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::invalid_class_name(stmt, name) {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    }
+                }
+
                 self.check_builtin_shadowing(
                     name,
                     self.locate_check(Range::from_located(stmt)),
@@ -345,17 +347,13 @@ where
                 self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Class))
             }
             StmtKind::Import { names } => {
-                if self
-                    .settings
-                    .enabled
-                    .contains(CheckKind::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile.code())
-                    && self.seen_import_boundary
-                    && stmt.location.column() == 1
-                {
-                    self.checks.push(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile,
-                        self.locate_check(Range::from_located(stmt)),
-                    ));
+                if self.seen_import_boundary && stmt.location.column() == 1 {
+                    if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::E402) {
+                        self.checks.push(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile,
+                            self.locate_check(Range::from_located(stmt)),
+                        ));
+                    }
                 }
 
                 for alias in names {
@@ -406,17 +404,13 @@ where
                 module,
                 level,
             } => {
-                if self
-                    .settings
-                    .enabled
-                    .contains(CheckKind::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile.code())
-                    && self.seen_import_boundary
-                    && stmt.location.column() == 1
-                {
-                    self.checks.push(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile,
-                        self.locate_check(Range::from_located(stmt)),
-                    ));
+                if self.seen_import_boundary && stmt.location.column() == 1 {
+                    if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::E402) {
+                        self.checks.push(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile,
+                            self.locate_check(Range::from_located(stmt)),
+                        ));
+                    }
                 }
 
                 for alias in names {
@@ -590,18 +584,39 @@ where
             StmtKind::Delete { .. } => {}
             _ => {}
         }
-        self.initial = false;
 
         // Recurse.
+        let prev_visibile_scope = self.visible_scope.clone();
         match &stmt.node {
-            StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { .. } => {
+            StmtKind::FunctionDef { body, .. } | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { body, .. } => {
+                let definition = docstrings::extraction::extract(
+                    &self.visible_scope,
+                    stmt,
+                    body,
+                    &Documentable::Function,
+                );
+                let scope = transition_scope(&self.visible_scope, stmt, &Documentable::Function);
+                self.docstrings.push((definition, scope.visibility.clone()));
+                self.visible_scope = scope;
+
                 self.deferred_functions.push((
                     stmt,
                     self.scope_stack.clone(),
                     self.parent_stack.clone(),
+                    self.visible_scope.clone(),
                 ));
             }
             StmtKind::ClassDef { body, .. } => {
+                let definition = docstrings::extraction::extract(
+                    &self.visible_scope,
+                    stmt,
+                    body,
+                    &Documentable::Class,
+                );
+                let scope = transition_scope(&self.visible_scope, stmt, &Documentable::Class);
+                self.docstrings.push((definition, scope.visibility.clone()));
+                self.visible_scope = scope;
+
                 for stmt in body {
                     self.visit_stmt(stmt);
                 }
@@ -629,6 +644,7 @@ where
             }
             _ => visitor::walk_stmt(self, stmt),
         };
+        self.visible_scope = prev_visibile_scope;
 
         // Post-visit.
         if let StmtKind::ClassDef { name, .. } = &stmt.node {
@@ -837,6 +853,28 @@ where
                         self.checks.push(check);
                     };
                 }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::C411) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::unnecessary_list_call(expr, func, args) {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    };
+                }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::C413) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::unnecessary_call_around_sorted(expr, func, args)
+                    {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    };
+                }
+
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::C414) {
+                    if let Some(check) =
+                        checkers::unnecessary_double_cast_or_process(expr, func, args)
+                    {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    };
+                }
+
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::C415) {
                     if let Some(check) = checkers::unnecessary_subscript_reversal(expr, func, args)
                     {
@@ -844,6 +882,12 @@ where
                     };
                 }
 
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::C417) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::unnecessary_map(expr, func, args) {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    };
+                }
+
                 // pyupgrade
                 if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::U002)
                     && self.settings.target_version >= PythonVersion::Py310
@@ -884,32 +928,27 @@ where
             }
             ExprKind::Yield { .. } | ExprKind::YieldFrom { .. } | ExprKind::Await { .. } => {
                 let scope = self.current_scope();
-                if self
-                    .settings
-                    .enabled
-                    .contains(CheckKind::YieldOutsideFunction.code())
-                    && matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Class | ScopeKind::Module)
-                {
-                    self.checks.push(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::YieldOutsideFunction,
-                        self.locate_check(Range::from_located(expr)),
-                    ));
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F704) {
+                    if matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Class | ScopeKind::Module) {
+                        self.checks.push(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::YieldOutsideFunction,
+                            self.locate_check(Range::from_located(expr)),
+                        ));
+                    }
                 }
             }
             ExprKind::JoinedStr { values } => {
-                if self.in_f_string.is_none()
-                    && self
-                        .settings
-                        .enabled
-                        .contains(CheckKind::FStringMissingPlaceholders.code())
-                    && !values
-                        .iter()
-                        .any(|value| matches!(value.node, ExprKind::FormattedValue { .. }))
-                {
-                    self.checks.push(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::FStringMissingPlaceholders,
-                        self.locate_check(Range::from_located(expr)),
-                    ));
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::F541) {
+                    if self.in_f_string.is_none()
+                        && !values
+                            .iter()
+                            .any(|value| matches!(value.node, ExprKind::FormattedValue { .. }))
+                    {
+                        self.checks.push(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::FStringMissingPlaceholders,
+                            self.locate_check(Range::from_located(expr)),
+                        ));
+                    }
                 }
                 self.in_f_string = Some(Range::from_located(expr));
             }
@@ -1013,10 +1052,20 @@ where
                     self.visit_expr(expr);
                 }
             }
-            ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. }
-            | ExprKind::ListComp { .. }
-            | ExprKind::DictComp { .. }
-            | ExprKind::SetComp { .. } => self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Generator)),
+
+            ExprKind::ListComp { elt, generators } | ExprKind::SetComp { elt, generators } => {
+                if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::C416) {
+                    if let Some(check) = checkers::unnecessary_comprehension(expr, elt, generators)
+                    {
+                        self.checks.push(check);
+                    };
+                }
+                self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Generator))
+            }
+
+            ExprKind::GeneratorExp { .. } | ExprKind::DictComp { .. } => {
+                self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Generator))
+            }
             _ => {}
         };
 
@@ -1299,6 +1348,14 @@ where
             }
         }
 
+        if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::N803) {
+            if let Some(check) =
+                checkers::invalid_argument_name(Range::from_located(arg), &arg.node.arg)
+            {
+                self.checks.push(check);
+            }
+        }
+
         self.check_builtin_arg_shadowing(&arg.node.arg, Range::from_located(arg));
     }
 }
@@ -1626,7 +1683,6 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
 
     fn handle_node_delete(&mut self, expr: &Expr) {
         if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &expr.node {
-            // Check if we're on a conditional branch.
             if operations::on_conditional_branch(&self.parent_stack, &self.parents) {
                 return;
             }
@@ -1643,6 +1699,25 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    fn visit_docstring<'b>(&mut self, python_ast: &'b Suite) -> bool
+    where
+        'b: 'a,
+    {
+        let docstring = docstrings::extraction::docstring_from(python_ast);
+        self.docstrings.push((
+            Definition {
+                kind: if self.path.ends_with("__init__.py") {
+                    DefinitionKind::Package
+                } else {
+                    DefinitionKind::Module
+                },
+                docstring,
+            },
+            self.visible_scope.visibility.clone(),
+        ));
+        docstring.is_some()
+    }
+
     fn check_deferred_annotations(&mut self) {
         while let Some((expr, scopes, parents)) = self.deferred_annotations.pop() {
             self.parent_stack = parents;
@@ -1656,29 +1731,6 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
         'b: 'a,
     {
         while let Some((range, expression)) = self.deferred_string_annotations.pop() {
-            // HACK(charlie): We need to modify `range` such that it represents the range of the
-            // expression _within_ the string annotation (as opposed to the range of the string
-            // annotation itself). RustPython seems to return an off-by-one start column for every
-            // string value, so we check for double quotes (which are really triple quotes).
-            let contents = self.locator.slice_source_code_at(&range.location);
-            let range = if contents.starts_with("\"\"") || contents.starts_with("\'\'") {
-                Range {
-                    location: Location::new(range.location.row(), range.location.column() + 2),
-                    end_location: Location::new(
-                        range.end_location.row(),
-                        range.end_location.column() - 2,
-                    ),
-                }
-            } else {
-                Range {
-                    location: Location::new(range.location.row(), range.location.column()),
-                    end_location: Location::new(
-                        range.end_location.row(),
-                        range.end_location.column() - 1,
-                    ),
-                }
-            };
-
             if let Ok(mut expr) = parser::parse_expression(expression, "<filename>") {
                 relocate_expr(&mut expr, range);
                 allocator.push(expr);
@@ -1695,9 +1747,10 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
     }
 
     fn check_deferred_functions(&mut self) {
-        while let Some((stmt, scopes, parents)) = self.deferred_functions.pop() {
+        while let Some((stmt, scopes, parents, visibility)) = self.deferred_functions.pop() {
             self.parent_stack = parents;
             self.scope_stack = scopes;
+            self.visible_scope = visibility;
             self.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Function(Default::default())));
 
             match &stmt.node {
@@ -1889,47 +1942,92 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
     }
 
     fn check_docstrings(&mut self) {
-        while let Some(docstring) = self.docstrings.pop() {
-            if !docstrings::not_empty(self, &docstring) {
+        while let Some((docstring, visibility)) = self.docstrings.pop() {
+            if !docstrings::plugins::not_empty(self, &docstring) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if !docstrings::plugins::not_missing(self, &docstring, &visibility) {
                 continue;
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D200) {
-                docstrings::one_liner(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::one_liner(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D201)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D202)
+            {
+                docstrings::plugins::blank_before_after_function(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D203)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D204)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D211)
+            {
+                docstrings::plugins::blank_before_after_class(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D205) {
-                docstrings::blank_after_summary(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::blank_after_summary(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D206)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D207)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D208)
+            {
+                docstrings::plugins::indent(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D209) {
-                docstrings::newline_after_last_paragraph(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::newline_after_last_paragraph(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D210) {
-                docstrings::no_surrounding_whitespace(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::no_surrounding_whitespace(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D212)
                 || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D213)
             {
-                docstrings::multi_line_summary_start(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::multi_line_summary_start(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D300) {
-                docstrings::triple_quotes(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::triple_quotes(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D400) {
-                docstrings::ends_with_period(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::ends_with_period(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D402) {
+                docstrings::plugins::no_signature(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D403) {
-                docstrings::capitalized(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::capitalized(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D404) {
+                docstrings::plugins::starts_with_this(self, &docstring);
             }
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D415) {
-                docstrings::ends_with_punctuation(self, &docstring);
+                docstrings::plugins::ends_with_punctuation(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D418) {
+                docstrings::plugins::if_needed(self, &docstring);
+            }
+            if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D212)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D214)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D215)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D405)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D406)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D407)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D408)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D409)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D410)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D411)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D412)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D413)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D414)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D416)
+                || self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D417)
+            {
+                docstrings::plugins::sections(self, &docstring);
             }
         }
     }
 
     fn check_builtin_shadowing(&mut self, name: &str, location: Range, is_attribute: bool) {
-        let scope = self.current_scope();
-
         // flake8-builtins
-        if is_attribute && matches!(scope.kind, ScopeKind::Class) {
+        if is_attribute && matches!(self.current_scope().kind, ScopeKind::Class) {
             if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::A003) {
                 if let Some(check) = checkers::builtin_shadowing(
                     name,
@@ -1951,6 +2049,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
     }
 
     fn check_builtin_arg_shadowing(&mut self, name: &str, location: Range) {
+        // flake8-builtins
         if self.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::A002) {
             if let Some(check) = checkers::builtin_shadowing(
                 name,
@@ -1974,6 +2073,13 @@ pub fn check_ast(
     checker.push_scope(Scope::new(ScopeKind::Module));
     checker.bind_builtins();
 
+    // Check for module docstring.
+    let python_ast = if checker.visit_docstring(python_ast) {
+        &python_ast[1..]
+    } else {
+        python_ast
+    };
+
     // Iterate over the AST.
     for stmt in python_ast {
         checker.visit_stmt(stmt);

src/checks.rs

@@ -8,55 +8,6 @@ use strum_macros::{AsRefStr, EnumIter, EnumString};
 use crate::ast::checkers::Primitive;
 use crate::ast::types::Range;
 
-pub const DEFAULT_CHECK_CODES: [CheckCode; 43] = [
-    // pycodestyle errors
-    CheckCode::E402,
-    CheckCode::E501,
-    CheckCode::E711,
-    CheckCode::E712,
-    CheckCode::E713,
-    CheckCode::E714,
-    CheckCode::E721,
-    CheckCode::E722,
-    CheckCode::E731,
-    CheckCode::E741,
-    CheckCode::E742,
-    CheckCode::E743,
-    CheckCode::E902,
-    CheckCode::E999,
-    // pycodestyle warnings
-    CheckCode::W292,
-    // pyflakes
-    CheckCode::F401,
-    CheckCode::F402,
-    CheckCode::F403,
-    CheckCode::F404,
-    CheckCode::F405,
-    CheckCode::F406,
-    CheckCode::F407,
-    CheckCode::F541,
-    CheckCode::F601,
-    CheckCode::F602,
-    CheckCode::F621,
-    CheckCode::F622,
-    CheckCode::F631,
-    CheckCode::F632,
-    CheckCode::F633,
-    CheckCode::F634,
-    CheckCode::F701,
-    CheckCode::F702,
-    CheckCode::F704,
-    CheckCode::F706,
-    CheckCode::F707,
-    CheckCode::F722,
-    CheckCode::F821,
-    CheckCode::F822,
-    CheckCode::F823,
-    CheckCode::F831,
-    CheckCode::F841,
-    CheckCode::F901,
-];
-
 #[derive(
     AsRefStr,
     EnumIter,
@@ -137,7 +88,12 @@ pub enum CheckCode {
     C408,
     C409,
     C410,
+    C411,
+    C413,
+    C414,
     C415,
+    C416,
+    C417,
     // flake8-print
     T201,
     T203,
@@ -151,21 +107,91 @@ pub enum CheckCode {
     U007,
     U008,
     // pydocstyle
+    D100,
+    D101,
+    D102,
+    D103,
+    D104,
+    D105,
+    D106,
+    D107,
     D200,
+    D201,
+    D202,
+    D203,
+    D204,
     D205,
+    D206,
+    D207,
+    D208,
     D209,
     D210,
+    D211,
     D212,
     D213,
+    D214,
+    D215,
     D300,
     D400,
+    D402,
     D403,
+    D404,
+    D405,
+    D406,
+    D407,
+    D408,
+    D409,
+    D410,
+    D411,
+    D412,
+    D413,
+    D414,
     D415,
+    D416,
+    D417,
+    D418,
     D419,
+    // pep8-naming
+    N801,
+    N802,
+    N803,
+    N804,
+    N805,
     // Meta
     M001,
 }
 
+#[derive(EnumIter, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CheckCategory {
+    Pyflakes,
+    Pycodestyle,
+    Pydocstyle,
+    Pyupgrade,
+    PEP8Naming,
+    Flake8Comprehensions,
+    Flake8Bugbear,
+    Flake8Builtins,
+    Flake8Print,
+    Meta,
+}
+
+impl CheckCategory {
+    pub fn title(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            CheckCategory::Pycodestyle => "pycodestyle",
+            CheckCategory::Pyflakes => "Pyflakes",
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Builtins => "flake8-builtins",
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Bugbear => "flake8-bugbear",
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions => "flake8-comprehensions",
+            CheckCategory::Flake8Print => "flake8-print",
+            CheckCategory::Pyupgrade => "pyupgrade",
+            CheckCategory::Pydocstyle => "pydocstyle",
+            CheckCategory::PEP8Naming => "pep8-naming",
+            CheckCategory::Meta => "Meta rules",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
 pub enum LintSource {
     AST,
@@ -245,7 +271,12 @@ pub enum CheckKind {
     UnnecessaryCollectionCall(String),
     UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall(String),
     UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall(String),
+    UnnecessaryListCall,
+    UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted(String),
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(String, String),
     UnnecessarySubscriptReversal(String),
+    UnnecessaryComprehension(String),
+    UnnecessaryMap(String),
     // flake8-print
     PrintFound,
     PPrintFound,
@@ -259,17 +290,56 @@ pub enum CheckKind {
     UsePEP604Annotation,
     SuperCallWithParameters,
     // pydocstyle
+    BlankLineAfterLastSection(String),
+    BlankLineAfterSection(String),
+    BlankLineBeforeSection(String),
+    CapitalizeSectionName(String),
+    DashedUnderlineAfterSection(String),
+    DocumentAllArguments(Vec<String>),
     EndsInPeriod,
     EndsInPunctuation,
     FirstLineCapitalized,
     FitsOnOneLine,
+    IndentWithSpaces,
+    MagicMethod,
     MultiLineSummaryFirstLine,
     MultiLineSummarySecondLine,
     NewLineAfterLastParagraph,
+    NewLineAfterSectionName(String),
+    NoBlankLineAfterFunction(usize),
     NoBlankLineAfterSummary,
+    NoBlankLineBeforeClass(usize),
+    NoBlankLineBeforeFunction(usize),
+    NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent(String),
+    NoOverIndentation,
+    NoSignature,
     NoSurroundingWhitespace,
+    NoThisPrefix,
+    NoUnderIndentation,
     NonEmpty,
+    NonEmptySection(String),
+    OneBlankLineAfterClass(usize),
+    OneBlankLineBeforeClass(usize),
+    PublicClass,
+    PublicFunction,
+    PublicInit,
+    PublicMethod,
+    PublicModule,
+    PublicNestedClass,
+    PublicPackage,
+    SectionNameEndsInColon(String),
+    SectionNotOverIndented(String),
+    SectionUnderlineAfterName(String),
+    SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength(String),
+    SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented(String),
+    SkipDocstring,
     UsesTripleQuotes,
+    // pep8-naming
+    InvalidClassName(String),
+    InvalidFunctionName(String),
+    InvalidArgumentName(String),
+    InvalidFirstArgumentNameForClassMethod,
+    InvalidFirstArgumentNameForMethod,
     // Meta
     UnusedNOQA(Option<Vec<String>>),
 }
@@ -278,7 +348,7 @@ impl CheckCode {
     /// The source for the check (either the AST, the filesystem, or the physical lines).
     pub fn lint_source(&self) -> &'static LintSource {
         match self {
-            CheckCode::E501 | CheckCode::M001 => &LintSource::Lines,
+            CheckCode::E501 | CheckCode::W292 | CheckCode::M001 => &LintSource::Lines,
             CheckCode::E902 => &LintSource::FileSystem,
             _ => &LintSource::AST,
         }
@@ -349,20 +419,30 @@ impl CheckCode {
             CheckCode::C402 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorDict,
             CheckCode::C403 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryListComprehensionSet,
             CheckCode::C404 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict,
-            CheckCode::C405 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralSet("<list/tuple>".to_string()),
-            CheckCode::C406 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralDict("<list/tuple>".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::C405 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralSet("(list|tuple)".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::C406 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralDict("(list|tuple)".to_string()),
             CheckCode::C408 => {
-                CheckKind::UnnecessaryCollectionCall("<dict/list/tuple>".to_string())
+                CheckKind::UnnecessaryCollectionCall("(dict|list|tuple)".to_string())
             }
             CheckCode::C409 => {
-                CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall("<list/tuple>".to_string())
+                CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall("(list|tuple)".to_string())
             }
             CheckCode::C410 => {
-                CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall("<list/tuple>".to_string())
+                CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall("(list|tuple)".to_string())
             }
+            CheckCode::C411 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryListCall,
+            CheckCode::C413 => {
+                CheckKind::UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted("(list|reversed)".to_string())
+            }
+            CheckCode::C414 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(
+                "(list|reversed|set|sorted|tuple)".to_string(),
+                "(list|set|sorted|tuple)".to_string(),
+            ),
             CheckCode::C415 => {
-                CheckKind::UnnecessarySubscriptReversal("<reversed/set/sorted>".to_string())
+                CheckKind::UnnecessarySubscriptReversal("(reversed|set|sorted)".to_string())
             }
+            CheckCode::C416 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryComprehension("(list|set)".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::C417 => CheckKind::UnnecessaryMap("(list|set|dict)".to_string()),
             // flake8-print
             CheckCode::T201 => CheckKind::PrintFound,
             CheckCode::T203 => CheckKind::PPrintFound,
@@ -379,21 +459,196 @@ impl CheckCode {
             CheckCode::U007 => CheckKind::UsePEP604Annotation,
             CheckCode::U008 => CheckKind::SuperCallWithParameters,
             // pydocstyle
+            CheckCode::D100 => CheckKind::PublicModule,
+            CheckCode::D101 => CheckKind::PublicClass,
+            CheckCode::D102 => CheckKind::PublicMethod,
+            CheckCode::D103 => CheckKind::PublicFunction,
+            CheckCode::D104 => CheckKind::PublicPackage,
+            CheckCode::D105 => CheckKind::MagicMethod,
+            CheckCode::D106 => CheckKind::PublicNestedClass,
+            CheckCode::D107 => CheckKind::PublicInit,
             CheckCode::D200 => CheckKind::FitsOnOneLine,
+            CheckCode::D201 => CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeFunction(1),
+            CheckCode::D202 => CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterFunction(1),
+            CheckCode::D203 => CheckKind::OneBlankLineBeforeClass(0),
+            CheckCode::D204 => CheckKind::OneBlankLineAfterClass(0),
             CheckCode::D205 => CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterSummary,
+            CheckCode::D206 => CheckKind::IndentWithSpaces,
+            CheckCode::D207 => CheckKind::NoUnderIndentation,
+            CheckCode::D208 => CheckKind::NoOverIndentation,
             CheckCode::D209 => CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph,
             CheckCode::D210 => CheckKind::NoSurroundingWhitespace,
-            CheckCode::D400 => CheckKind::EndsInPeriod,
-            CheckCode::D419 => CheckKind::NonEmpty,
+            CheckCode::D211 => CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeClass(1),
             CheckCode::D212 => CheckKind::MultiLineSummaryFirstLine,
             CheckCode::D213 => CheckKind::MultiLineSummarySecondLine,
+            CheckCode::D214 => CheckKind::SectionNotOverIndented("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D215 => CheckKind::SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented("Returns".to_string()),
             CheckCode::D300 => CheckKind::UsesTripleQuotes,
+            CheckCode::D400 => CheckKind::EndsInPeriod,
+            CheckCode::D402 => CheckKind::NoSignature,
             CheckCode::D403 => CheckKind::FirstLineCapitalized,
+            CheckCode::D404 => CheckKind::NoThisPrefix,
+            CheckCode::D405 => CheckKind::CapitalizeSectionName("returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D406 => CheckKind::NewLineAfterSectionName("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D407 => CheckKind::DashedUnderlineAfterSection("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D408 => CheckKind::SectionUnderlineAfterName("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D409 => {
+                CheckKind::SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength("Returns".to_string())
+            }
+            CheckCode::D410 => CheckKind::BlankLineAfterSection("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D411 => CheckKind::BlankLineBeforeSection("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D412 => {
+                CheckKind::NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent("Returns".to_string())
+            }
+            CheckCode::D413 => CheckKind::BlankLineAfterLastSection("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D414 => CheckKind::NonEmptySection("Returns".to_string()),
             CheckCode::D415 => CheckKind::EndsInPunctuation,
+            CheckCode::D416 => CheckKind::SectionNameEndsInColon("Returns".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::D417 => {
+                CheckKind::DocumentAllArguments(vec!["x".to_string(), "y".to_string()])
+            }
+            CheckCode::D418 => CheckKind::SkipDocstring,
+            CheckCode::D419 => CheckKind::NonEmpty,
+            // pep8-naming
+            CheckCode::N801 => CheckKind::InvalidClassName("...".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::N802 => CheckKind::InvalidFunctionName("...".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::N803 => CheckKind::InvalidArgumentName("...".to_string()),
+            CheckCode::N804 => CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForClassMethod,
+            CheckCode::N805 => CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForMethod,
             // Meta
             CheckCode::M001 => CheckKind::UnusedNOQA(None),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn category(&self) -> CheckCategory {
+        match self {
+            CheckCode::E402 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E501 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E711 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E712 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E713 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E714 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E721 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E722 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E731 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E741 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E742 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E743 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E902 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::E999 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::W292 => CheckCategory::Pycodestyle,
+            CheckCode::F401 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F402 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F403 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F404 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F405 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F406 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F407 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F541 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F601 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F602 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F621 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F622 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F631 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F632 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F633 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F634 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F701 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F702 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F704 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F706 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F707 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F722 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F821 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F822 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F823 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F831 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F841 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::F901 => CheckCategory::Pyflakes,
+            CheckCode::A001 => CheckCategory::Flake8Builtins,
+            CheckCode::A002 => CheckCategory::Flake8Builtins,
+            CheckCode::A003 => CheckCategory::Flake8Builtins,
+            CheckCode::B011 => CheckCategory::Flake8Bugbear,
+            CheckCode::B014 => CheckCategory::Flake8Bugbear,
+            CheckCode::B025 => CheckCategory::Flake8Bugbear,
+            CheckCode::C400 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C401 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C402 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C403 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C404 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C405 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C406 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C408 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C409 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C410 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C411 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C413 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C414 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C415 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C416 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::C417 => CheckCategory::Flake8Comprehensions,
+            CheckCode::T201 => CheckCategory::Flake8Print,
+            CheckCode::T203 => CheckCategory::Flake8Print,
+            CheckCode::U001 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U002 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U003 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U004 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U005 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U006 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U007 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::U008 => CheckCategory::Pyupgrade,
+            CheckCode::D100 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D101 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D102 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D103 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D104 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D105 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D106 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D107 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D200 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D201 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D202 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D203 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D204 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D205 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D206 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D207 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D208 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D209 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D210 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D211 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D212 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D213 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D214 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D215 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D300 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D400 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D402 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D403 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D404 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D405 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D406 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D407 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D408 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D409 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D410 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D411 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D412 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D413 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D414 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D415 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D416 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D417 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D418 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::D419 => CheckCategory::Pydocstyle,
+            CheckCode::N801 => CheckCategory::PEP8Naming,
+            CheckCode::N802 => CheckCategory::PEP8Naming,
+            CheckCode::N803 => CheckCategory::PEP8Naming,
+            CheckCode::N804 => CheckCategory::PEP8Naming,
+            CheckCode::N805 => CheckCategory::PEP8Naming,
+            CheckCode::M001 => CheckCategory::Meta,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl CheckKind {
@@ -464,7 +719,12 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryCollectionCall(_) => &CheckCode::C408,
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall(..) => &CheckCode::C409,
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall(..) => &CheckCode::C410,
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryListCall => &CheckCode::C411,
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted(_) => &CheckCode::C413,
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(..) => &CheckCode::C414,
             CheckKind::UnnecessarySubscriptReversal(_) => &CheckCode::C415,
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryComprehension(..) => &CheckCode::C416,
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryMap(_) => &CheckCode::C417,
             // flake8-print
             CheckKind::PrintFound => &CheckCode::T201,
             CheckKind::PPrintFound => &CheckCode::T203,
@@ -478,17 +738,56 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::UselessObjectInheritance(_) => &CheckCode::U004,
             CheckKind::SuperCallWithParameters => &CheckCode::U008,
             // pydocstyle
-            CheckKind::FitsOnOneLine => &CheckCode::D200,
-            CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterSummary => &CheckCode::D205,
-            CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph => &CheckCode::D209,
-            CheckKind::NoSurroundingWhitespace => &CheckCode::D210,
+            CheckKind::BlankLineAfterLastSection(_) => &CheckCode::D413,
+            CheckKind::BlankLineAfterSection(_) => &CheckCode::D410,
+            CheckKind::BlankLineBeforeSection(_) => &CheckCode::D411,
+            CheckKind::CapitalizeSectionName(_) => &CheckCode::D405,
+            CheckKind::DashedUnderlineAfterSection(_) => &CheckCode::D407,
+            CheckKind::DocumentAllArguments(_) => &CheckCode::D417,
             CheckKind::EndsInPeriod => &CheckCode::D400,
-            CheckKind::NonEmpty => &CheckCode::D419,
+            CheckKind::EndsInPunctuation => &CheckCode::D415,
+            CheckKind::FirstLineCapitalized => &CheckCode::D403,
+            CheckKind::FitsOnOneLine => &CheckCode::D200,
+            CheckKind::IndentWithSpaces => &CheckCode::D206,
+            CheckKind::MagicMethod => &CheckCode::D105,
             CheckKind::MultiLineSummaryFirstLine => &CheckCode::D212,
             CheckKind::MultiLineSummarySecondLine => &CheckCode::D213,
+            CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph => &CheckCode::D209,
+            CheckKind::NewLineAfterSectionName(_) => &CheckCode::D406,
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterFunction(_) => &CheckCode::D202,
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterSummary => &CheckCode::D205,
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeClass(_) => &CheckCode::D211,
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeFunction(_) => &CheckCode::D201,
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent(_) => &CheckCode::D412,
+            CheckKind::NoOverIndentation => &CheckCode::D208,
+            CheckKind::NoSignature => &CheckCode::D402,
+            CheckKind::NoSurroundingWhitespace => &CheckCode::D210,
+            CheckKind::NoThisPrefix => &CheckCode::D404,
+            CheckKind::NoUnderIndentation => &CheckCode::D207,
+            CheckKind::NonEmpty => &CheckCode::D419,
+            CheckKind::NonEmptySection(_) => &CheckCode::D414,
+            CheckKind::OneBlankLineAfterClass(_) => &CheckCode::D204,
+            CheckKind::OneBlankLineBeforeClass(_) => &CheckCode::D203,
+            CheckKind::PublicClass => &CheckCode::D101,
+            CheckKind::PublicFunction => &CheckCode::D103,
+            CheckKind::PublicInit => &CheckCode::D107,
+            CheckKind::PublicMethod => &CheckCode::D102,
+            CheckKind::PublicModule => &CheckCode::D100,
+            CheckKind::PublicNestedClass => &CheckCode::D106,
+            CheckKind::PublicPackage => &CheckCode::D104,
+            CheckKind::SectionNameEndsInColon(_) => &CheckCode::D416,
+            CheckKind::SectionNotOverIndented(_) => &CheckCode::D214,
+            CheckKind::SectionUnderlineAfterName(_) => &CheckCode::D408,
+            CheckKind::SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength(_) => &CheckCode::D409,
+            CheckKind::SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented(_) => &CheckCode::D215,
+            CheckKind::SkipDocstring => &CheckCode::D418,
             CheckKind::UsesTripleQuotes => &CheckCode::D300,
-            CheckKind::FirstLineCapitalized => &CheckCode::D403,
-            CheckKind::EndsInPunctuation => &CheckCode::D415,
+            // pep8-naming
+            CheckKind::InvalidClassName(_) => &CheckCode::N801,
+            CheckKind::InvalidFunctionName(_) => &CheckCode::N802,
+            CheckKind::InvalidArgumentName(_) => &CheckCode::N803,
+            CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForClassMethod => &CheckCode::N804,
+            CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForMethod => &CheckCode::N805,
             // Meta
             CheckKind::UnusedNOQA(_) => &CheckCode::M001,
         }
@@ -656,53 +955,72 @@ impl CheckKind {
             }
             // flake8-comprehensions
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorList => {
-                "Unnecessary generator - rewrite as a list comprehension".to_string()
+                "Unnecessary generator (rewrite as a `list` comprehension)".to_string()
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorSet => {
-                "Unnecessary generator - rewrite as a set comprehension".to_string()
+                "Unnecessary generator (rewrite as a `set` comprehension)".to_string()
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryGeneratorDict => {
-                "Unnecessary generator - rewrite as a dict comprehension".to_string()
+                "Unnecessary generator (rewrite as a `dict` comprehension)".to_string()
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryListComprehensionSet => {
-                "Unnecessary list comprehension - rewrite as a set comprehension".to_string()
+                "Unnecessary `list` comprehension (rewrite as a `set` comprehension)".to_string()
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict => {
-                "Unnecessary list comprehension - rewrite as a dict comprehension".to_string()
+                "Unnecessary `list` comprehension (rewrite as a `dict` comprehension)".to_string()
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralSet(obj_type) => {
-                format!("Unnecessary {obj_type} literal - rewrite as a set literal")
+                format!("Unnecessary `{obj_type}` literal (rewrite as a `set` literal)")
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralDict(obj_type) => {
-                format!("Unnecessary {obj_type} literal - rewrite as a dict literal")
+                format!("Unnecessary `{obj_type}` literal (rewrite as a `dict` literal)")
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryCollectionCall(obj_type) => {
-                format!("Unnecessary {obj_type} call - rewrite as a literal")
+                format!("Unnecessary `{obj_type}` call (rewrite as a literal)")
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinTupleCall(literal) => {
                 if literal == "list" {
                     format!(
-                        "Unnecessary {literal} literal passed to tuple() - rewrite as a tuple literal"
+                        "Unnecessary `{literal}` literal passed to `tuple()` (rewrite as a `tuple` literal)"
                     )
                 } else {
                     format!(
-                        "Unnecessary {literal} literal passed to tuple() - remove the outer call to tuple()"
+                        "Unnecessary `{literal}` literal passed to `tuple()` (remove the outer call to `tuple()`)"
                     )
                 }
             }
             CheckKind::UnnecessaryLiteralWithinListCall(literal) => {
                 if literal == "list" {
                     format!(
-                        "Unnecessary {literal} literal passed to list() - remove the outer call to list()"
+                        "Unnecessary `{literal}` literal passed to `list()` (remove the outer call to `list()`)"
                     )
                 } else {
                     format!(
-                        "Unnecessary {literal} literal passed to list() - rewrite as a list literal"
+                        "Unnecessary `{literal}` literal passed to `list()` (rewrite as a `list` literal)"
                     )
                 }
             }
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryListCall => {
+                "Unnecessary `list` call (remove the outer call to `list()`)".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted(func) => {
+                format!("Unnecessary `{func}` call around `sorted()`")
+            }
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess(inner, outer) => {
+                format!("Unnecessary `{inner}` call within `{outer}()`")
+            }
             CheckKind::UnnecessarySubscriptReversal(func) => {
-                format!("Unnecessary subscript reversal of iterable within {func}()")
+                format!("Unnecessary subscript reversal of iterable within `{func}()`")
+            }
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryComprehension(obj_type) => {
+                format!(" Unnecessary `{obj_type}` comprehension (rewrite using `{obj_type}()`)")
+            }
+            CheckKind::UnnecessaryMap(obj_type) => {
+                if obj_type == "generator" {
+                    "Unnecessary `map` usage (rewrite using a generator expression)".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    format!("Unnecessary `map` usage (rewrite using a `{obj_type}` comprehension)")
+                }
             }
             // flake8-print
             CheckKind::PrintFound => "`print` found".to_string(),
@@ -759,6 +1077,107 @@ impl CheckKind {
             CheckKind::MultiLineSummarySecondLine => {
                 "Multi-line docstring summary should start at the second line".to_string()
             }
+            CheckKind::NoSignature => {
+                "First line should not be the function's 'signature'".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeFunction(num_lines) => {
+                format!("No blank lines allowed before function docstring (found {num_lines})")
+            }
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterFunction(num_lines) => {
+                format!("No blank lines allowed after function docstring (found {num_lines})")
+            }
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeClass(_) => {
+                "No blank lines allowed before class docstring".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::OneBlankLineBeforeClass(_) => {
+                "1 blank line required before class docstring".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::OneBlankLineAfterClass(_) => {
+                "1 blank line required after class docstring".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::PublicModule => "Missing docstring in public module".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::PublicClass => "Missing docstring in public class".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::PublicMethod => "Missing docstring in public method".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::PublicFunction => "Missing docstring in public function".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::PublicPackage => "Missing docstring in public package".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::MagicMethod => "Missing docstring in magic method".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::PublicNestedClass => "Missing docstring in public nested class".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::PublicInit => "Missing docstring in `__init__`".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::NoThisPrefix => {
+                "First word of the docstring should not be `This`".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::SkipDocstring => {
+                "Function decorated with @overload shouldn't contain a docstring".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::CapitalizeSectionName(name) => {
+                format!("Section name should be properly capitalized (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::BlankLineAfterLastSection(name) => {
+                format!("Missing blank line after last section (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::BlankLineAfterSection(name) => {
+                format!("Missing blank line after section (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::BlankLineBeforeSection(name) => {
+                format!("Missing blank line before section (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::NewLineAfterSectionName(name) => {
+                format!("Section name should end with a newline (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::DashedUnderlineAfterSection(name) => {
+                format!("Missing dashed underline after section (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::SectionUnderlineAfterName(name) => {
+                format!("Section underline should be in the line following the section's name (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength(name) => {
+                format!("Section underline should match the length of its name (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent(name) => {
+                format!(
+                    "No blank lines allowed between a section header and its content (\"{name}\")"
+                )
+            }
+            CheckKind::NonEmptySection(name) => format!("Section has no content (\"{name}\")"),
+            CheckKind::SectionNotOverIndented(name) => {
+                format!("Section is over-indented (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented(name) => {
+                format!("Section underline is over-indented (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::SectionNameEndsInColon(name) => {
+                format!("Section name should end with a colon (\"{name}\")")
+            }
+            CheckKind::DocumentAllArguments(names) => {
+                if names.len() == 1 {
+                    let name = &names[0];
+                    format!("Missing argument description in the docstring: `{name}`")
+                } else {
+                    let names = names.iter().map(|name| format!("`{name}`")).join(", ");
+                    format!("Missing argument descriptions in the docstring: {names}")
+                }
+            }
+            CheckKind::IndentWithSpaces => {
+                "Docstring should be indented with spaces, not tabs".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::NoUnderIndentation => "Docstring is under-indented".to_string(),
+            CheckKind::NoOverIndentation => "Docstring is over-indented".to_string(),
+            // pep8-naming
+            CheckKind::InvalidClassName(name) => {
+                format!("Class name `{name}` should use CapWords convention ")
+            }
+            CheckKind::InvalidFunctionName(name) => {
+                format!("Function name `{name}` should be lowercase")
+            }
+            CheckKind::InvalidArgumentName(name) => {
+                format!("Argument name `{name}` should be lowercase")
+            }
+            CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForClassMethod => {
+                "First argument of a class method should be named `cls`".to_string()
+            }
+            CheckKind::InvalidFirstArgumentNameForMethod => {
+                "First argument of a method should be named `self`".to_string()
+            }
             // Meta
             CheckKind::UnusedNOQA(codes) => match codes {
                 None => "Unused `noqa` directive".to_string(),
@@ -783,9 +1202,18 @@ impl CheckKind {
     pub fn fixable(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(
             self,
-            CheckKind::DeprecatedUnittestAlias(_, _)
+            |CheckKind::BlankLineAfterLastSection(_)| CheckKind::BlankLineAfterSection(_)
+                | CheckKind::DeprecatedUnittestAlias(_, _)
                 | CheckKind::DoNotAssertFalse
                 | CheckKind::DuplicateHandlerException(_)
+                | CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph
+                | CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterFunction(_)
+                | CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterSummary
+                | CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeClass(_)
+                | CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeFunction(_)
+                | CheckKind::NoSurroundingWhitespace
+                | CheckKind::OneBlankLineAfterClass(_)
+                | CheckKind::OneBlankLineBeforeClass(_)
                 | CheckKind::PPrintFound
                 | CheckKind::PrintFound
                 | CheckKind::SuperCallWithParameters
@@ -793,10 +1221,10 @@ impl CheckKind {
                 | CheckKind::UnnecessaryAbspath
                 | CheckKind::UnusedImport(_)
                 | CheckKind::UnusedNOQA(_)
-                | CheckKind::UselessMetaclassType
-                | CheckKind::UselessObjectInheritance(_)
                 | CheckKind::UsePEP585Annotation(_)
                 | CheckKind::UsePEP604Annotation
+                | CheckKind::UselessMetaclassType
+                | CheckKind::UselessObjectInheritance(_)
         )
     }
 }
@@ -809,6 +1237,35 @@ pub struct Fix {
     pub applied: bool,
 }
 
+impl Fix {
+    pub fn deletion(start: Location, end: Location) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            content: "".to_string(),
+            location: start,
+            end_location: end,
+            applied: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn replacement(content: String, start: Location, end: Location) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            content,
+            location: start,
+            end_location: end,
+            applied: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn insertion(content: String, at: Location) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            content,
+            location: at,
+            end_location: at,
+            applied: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Check {
     pub kind: CheckKind,
@@ -818,11 +1275,11 @@ pub struct Check {
 }
 
 impl Check {
-    pub fn new(kind: CheckKind, span: Range) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(kind: CheckKind, rage: Range) -> Self {
         Self {
             kind,
-            location: span.location,
-            end_location: span.end_location,
+            location: rage.location,
+            end_location: rage.end_location,
             fix: None,
         }
     }

src/cli.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ use crate::RawSettings;
 pub struct Cli {
     #[arg(required = true)]
     pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    /// Path to the `pyproject.toml` file to use for configuration.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub config: Option<PathBuf>,
     /// Enable verbose logging.
     #[arg(short, long)]
     pub verbose: bool,
@@ -100,9 +103,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for Warnable {
 /// Warn the user if they attempt to enable a code that won't be respected.
 pub fn warn_on(
     flag: Warnable,
-    codes: &Vec<CheckCode>,
-    cli_ignore: &Vec<CheckCode>,
-    cli_extend_ignore: &Vec<CheckCode>,
+    codes: &[CheckCode],
+    cli_ignore: &[CheckCode],
+    cli_extend_ignore: &[CheckCode],
     pyproject_settings: &RawSettings,
     pyproject_path: &Option<PathBuf>,
 ) {

src/docstrings.rs

@@ -1,325 +1,8 @@
-use rustpython_ast::{Constant, Expr, ExprKind, Location, Stmt, StmtKind};
-
-use crate::ast::types::Range;
-use crate::check_ast::Checker;
-use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum DocstringKind {
-    Module,
-    Function,
-    Class,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Docstring<'a> {
-    pub kind: DocstringKind,
-    pub parent: Option<&'a Stmt>,
-    pub expr: &'a Expr,
-}
-
-/// Extract a `Docstring` from an `Expr`.
-pub fn extract<'a, 'b>(
-    checker: &'a Checker,
-    stmt: &'b Stmt,
-    expr: &'b Expr,
-) -> Option<Docstring<'b>> {
-    let defined_in = checker
-        .binding_context()
-        .defined_in
-        .map(|index| checker.parents[index]);
-    match defined_in {
-        None => {
-            if checker.initial {
-                return Some(Docstring {
-                    kind: DocstringKind::Module,
-                    parent: None,
-                    expr,
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        Some(parent) => {
-            if let StmtKind::FunctionDef { body, .. }
-            | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef { body, .. }
-            | StmtKind::ClassDef { body, .. } = &parent.node
-            {
-                if body.first().map(|node| node == stmt).unwrap_or_default() {
-                    return Some(Docstring {
-                        kind: if matches!(&parent.node, StmtKind::ClassDef { .. }) {
-                            DocstringKind::Class
-                        } else {
-                            DocstringKind::Function
-                        },
-                        parent: None,
-                        expr,
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    None
-}
-
-/// Extract the source code range for a `Docstring`.
-fn range_for(docstring: &Docstring) -> Range {
-    // RustPython currently omits the first quotation mark in a string, so offset the location.
-    Range {
-        location: Location::new(
-            docstring.expr.location.row(),
-            docstring.expr.location.column() - 1,
-        ),
-        end_location: docstring.expr.end_location,
-    }
-}
-
-/// D200
-pub fn one_liner(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        let mut line_count = 0;
-        let mut non_empty_line_count = 0;
-        for line in string.lines() {
-            line_count += 1;
-            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
-                non_empty_line_count += 1;
-            }
-            if non_empty_line_count > 1 {
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if non_empty_line_count == 1 && line_count > 1 {
-            checker.add_check(Check::new(CheckKind::FitsOnOneLine, range_for(docstring)));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D205
-pub fn blank_after_summary(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        let mut lines_count = 1;
-        let mut blanks_count = 0;
-        for line in string.trim().lines().skip(1) {
-            lines_count += 1;
-            if line.trim().is_empty() {
-                blanks_count += 1;
-            } else {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if lines_count > 1 && blanks_count != 1 {
-            checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterSummary,
-                range_for(docstring),
-            ));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D209
-pub fn newline_after_last_paragraph(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        let mut line_count = 0;
-        for line in string.lines() {
-            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
-                line_count += 1;
-            }
-            if line_count > 1 {
-                let content = checker
-                    .locator
-                    .slice_source_code_range(&range_for(docstring));
-                if let Some(line) = content.lines().last() {
-                    let line = line.trim();
-                    if line != "\"\"\"" && line != "'''" {
-                        checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                            CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph,
-                            range_for(docstring),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                }
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D210
-pub fn no_surrounding_whitespace(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        let mut lines = string.lines();
-        if let Some(line) = lines.next() {
-            if line.trim().is_empty() {
-                return;
-            }
-            if line.starts_with(' ') || (matches!(lines.next(), None) && line.ends_with(' ')) {
-                checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                    CheckKind::NoSurroundingWhitespace,
-                    range_for(docstring),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D212, D213
-pub fn multi_line_summary_start(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        if string.lines().nth(1).is_some() {
-            let content = checker
-                .locator
-                .slice_source_code_range(&range_for(docstring));
-            if let Some(first_line) = content.lines().next() {
-                let first_line = first_line.trim();
-                if first_line == "\"\"\""
-                    || first_line == "'''"
-                    || first_line == "u\"\"\""
-                    || first_line == "u'''"
-                    || first_line == "r\"\"\""
-                    || first_line == "r'''"
-                    || first_line == "ur\"\"\""
-                    || first_line == "ur'''"
-                {
-                    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D212) {
-                        checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                            CheckKind::MultiLineSummaryFirstLine,
-                            range_for(docstring),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                } else if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D213) {
-                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::MultiLineSummarySecondLine,
-                        range_for(docstring),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D300
-pub fn triple_quotes(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        let content = checker
-            .locator
-            .slice_source_code_range(&range_for(docstring));
-        if string.contains("\"\"\"") {
-            if !content.starts_with("'''") {
-                checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                    CheckKind::UsesTripleQuotes,
-                    range_for(docstring),
-                ));
-            }
-        } else if !content.starts_with("\"\"\"") {
-            checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                CheckKind::UsesTripleQuotes,
-                range_for(docstring),
-            ));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D400
-pub fn ends_with_period(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        if let Some(string) = string.lines().next() {
-            if !string.ends_with('.') {
-                checker.add_check(Check::new(CheckKind::EndsInPeriod, range_for(docstring)));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D403
-pub fn capitalized(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if !matches!(docstring.kind, DocstringKind::Function) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        if let Some(first_word) = string.split(' ').next() {
-            if first_word == first_word.to_uppercase() {
-                return;
-            }
-            for char in first_word.chars() {
-                if !char.is_ascii_alphabetic() && char != '\'' {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            if let Some(first_char) = first_word.chars().next() {
-                if !first_char.is_uppercase() {
-                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                        CheckKind::FirstLineCapitalized,
-                        range_for(docstring),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D415
-pub fn ends_with_punctuation(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        if let Some(string) = string.lines().next() {
-            if !(string.ends_with('.') || string.ends_with('!') || string.ends_with('?')) {
-                checker.add_check(Check::new(
-                    CheckKind::EndsInPunctuation,
-                    range_for(docstring),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// D419
-pub fn not_empty(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: &Docstring) -> bool {
-    if let ExprKind::Constant {
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
-        ..
-    } = &docstring.expr.node
-    {
-        if string.trim().is_empty() {
-            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D419) {
-                checker.add_check(Check::new(CheckKind::NonEmpty, range_for(docstring)));
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    true
-}
+pub mod definition;
+pub mod extraction;
+mod google;
+mod helpers;
+mod numpy;
+pub mod plugins;
+pub mod sections;
+mod styles;

src/docstrings/definition.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use rustpython_ast::{Expr, Stmt};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum DefinitionKind<'a> {
+    Module,
+    Package,
+    Class(&'a Stmt),
+    NestedClass(&'a Stmt),
+    Function(&'a Stmt),
+    NestedFunction(&'a Stmt),
+    Method(&'a Stmt),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Definition<'a> {
+    pub kind: DefinitionKind<'a>,
+    pub docstring: Option<&'a Expr>,
+}
+
+pub enum Documentable {
+    Class,
+    Function,
+}

src/docstrings/extraction.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//! Extract docstrings from an AST.
+
+use rustpython_ast::{Constant, Expr, ExprKind, Stmt, StmtKind};
+
+use crate::docstrings::definition::{Definition, DefinitionKind, Documentable};
+use crate::visibility::{Modifier, VisibleScope};
+
+/// Extract a docstring from a function or class body.
+pub fn docstring_from(suite: &[Stmt]) -> Option<&Expr> {
+    if let Some(stmt) = suite.first() {
+        if let StmtKind::Expr { value } = &stmt.node {
+            if matches!(
+                &value.node,
+                ExprKind::Constant {
+                    value: Constant::Str(_),
+                    ..
+                }
+            ) {
+                return Some(value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Extract a `Definition` from the AST node defined by a `Stmt`.
+pub fn extract<'a>(
+    scope: &VisibleScope,
+    stmt: &'a Stmt,
+    body: &'a [Stmt],
+    kind: &Documentable,
+) -> Definition<'a> {
+    let expr = docstring_from(body);
+    match kind {
+        Documentable::Function => match scope {
+            VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Module,
+                ..
+            } => Definition {
+                kind: DefinitionKind::Function(stmt),
+                docstring: expr,
+            },
+            VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Class,
+                ..
+            } => Definition {
+                kind: DefinitionKind::Method(stmt),
+                docstring: expr,
+            },
+            VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Function,
+                ..
+            } => Definition {
+                kind: DefinitionKind::NestedFunction(stmt),
+                docstring: expr,
+            },
+        },
+        Documentable::Class => match scope {
+            VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Module,
+                ..
+            } => Definition {
+                kind: DefinitionKind::Class(stmt),
+                docstring: expr,
+            },
+            VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Class,
+                ..
+            } => Definition {
+                kind: DefinitionKind::NestedClass(stmt),
+                docstring: expr,
+            },
+            VisibleScope {
+                modifier: Modifier::Function,
+                ..
+            } => Definition {
+                kind: DefinitionKind::NestedClass(stmt),
+                docstring: expr,
+            },
+        },
+    }
+}

src/docstrings/google.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+//! Abstractions for Google-style docstrings.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind};
+use crate::docstrings::definition::Definition;
+use crate::docstrings::sections;
+use crate::docstrings::sections::SectionContext;
+use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
+
+pub(crate) static GOOGLE_SECTION_NAMES: Lazy<BTreeSet<&'static str>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    BTreeSet::from([
+        "Args",
+        "Arguments",
+        "Attention",
+        "Attributes",
+        "Caution",
+        "Danger",
+        "Error",
+        "Example",
+        "Examples",
+        "Hint",
+        "Important",
+        "Keyword Args",
+        "Keyword Arguments",
+        "Methods",
+        "Note",
+        "Notes",
+        "Return",
+        "Returns",
+        "Raises",
+        "References",
+        "See Also",
+        "Tip",
+        "Todo",
+        "Warning",
+        "Warnings",
+        "Warns",
+        "Yield",
+        "Yields",
+    ])
+});
+
+pub(crate) static LOWERCASE_GOOGLE_SECTION_NAMES: Lazy<BTreeSet<&'static str>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    BTreeSet::from([
+        "args",
+        "arguments",
+        "attention",
+        "attributes",
+        "caution",
+        "danger",
+        "error",
+        "example",
+        "examples",
+        "hint",
+        "important",
+        "keyword args",
+        "keyword arguments",
+        "methods",
+        "note",
+        "notes",
+        "return",
+        "returns",
+        "raises",
+        "references",
+        "see also",
+        "tip",
+        "todo",
+        "warning",
+        "warnings",
+        "warns",
+        "yield",
+        "yields",
+    ])
+});
+
+// See: `GOOGLE_ARGS_REGEX` in `pydocstyle/checker.py`.
+static GOOGLE_ARGS_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"^\s*(\w+)\s*(\(.*?\))?\s*:\n?\s*.+").expect("Invalid regex"));
+
+fn check_args_section(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition, context: &SectionContext) {
+    let mut args_sections: Vec<String> = vec![];
+    for line in textwrap::dedent(&context.following_lines.join("\n")).lines() {
+        if line
+            .chars()
+            .next()
+            .map(|char| char.is_whitespace())
+            .unwrap_or(true)
+        {
+            // This is a continuation of documentation for the last
+            // parameter because it does start with whitespace.
+            if let Some(current) = args_sections.last_mut() {
+                current.push_str(line);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // This line is the start of documentation for the next
+            // parameter because it doesn't start with any whitespace.
+            args_sections.push(line.to_string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    sections::check_missing_args(
+        checker,
+        definition,
+        // Collect the list of arguments documented in the docstring.
+        &BTreeSet::from_iter(args_sections.iter().filter_map(|section| {
+            match GOOGLE_ARGS_REGEX.captures(section.as_str()) {
+                Some(caps) => caps.get(1).map(|arg_name| arg_name.as_str()),
+                None => None,
+            }
+        })),
+    )
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_google_section(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    context: &SectionContext,
+) {
+    sections::check_common_section(checker, definition, context, &SectionStyle::Google);
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D416) {
+        let suffix = context
+            .line
+            .trim()
+            .strip_prefix(&context.section_name)
+            .unwrap();
+        if suffix != ":" {
+            let docstring = definition
+                .docstring
+                .expect("Sections are only available for docstrings.");
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::SectionNameEndsInColon(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D417) {
+        let capitalized_section_name = titlecase::titlecase(&context.section_name);
+        if capitalized_section_name == "Args" || capitalized_section_name == "Arguments" {
+            check_args_section(checker, definition, context);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/docstrings/helpers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use rustpython_ast::{Expr, Location};
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+
+pub const TRIPLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &[
+    "ur\"\"\"", "ur'''", "u\"\"\"", "u'''", "r\"\"\"", "r'''", "\"\"\"", "'''",
+];
+
+pub const SINGLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &["ur\"", "ur'", "u\"", "u'", "r\"", "r'", "\"", "'"];
+
+/// Extract the leading words from a line of text.
+pub fn leading_words(line: &str) -> String {
+    line.trim()
+        .chars()
+        .take_while(|char| char.is_alphanumeric() || char.is_whitespace())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Extract the leading whitespace from a line of text.
+pub fn leading_space(line: &str) -> String {
+    line.chars()
+        .take_while(|char| char.is_whitespace())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Extract the leading indentation from a docstring.
+pub fn indentation<'a>(checker: &'a mut Checker, docstring: &Expr) -> &'a str {
+    let range = Range::from_located(docstring);
+    checker.locator.slice_source_code_range(&Range {
+        location: Location::new(range.location.row(), 1),
+        end_location: Location::new(range.location.row(), range.location.column()),
+    })
+}

src/docstrings/numpy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+//! Abstractions for NumPy-style docstrings.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind};
+use crate::docstrings::definition::Definition;
+use crate::docstrings::sections::SectionContext;
+use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
+use crate::docstrings::{helpers, sections};
+
+pub(crate) static LOWERCASE_NUMPY_SECTION_NAMES: Lazy<BTreeSet<&'static str>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    BTreeSet::from([
+        "short summary",
+        "extended summary",
+        "parameters",
+        "returns",
+        "yields",
+        "other parameters",
+        "raises",
+        "see also",
+        "notes",
+        "references",
+        "examples",
+        "attributes",
+        "methods",
+    ])
+});
+
+pub(crate) static NUMPY_SECTION_NAMES: Lazy<BTreeSet<&'static str>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    BTreeSet::from([
+        "Short Summary",
+        "Extended Summary",
+        "Parameters",
+        "Returns",
+        "Yields",
+        "Other Parameters",
+        "Raises",
+        "See Also",
+        "Notes",
+        "References",
+        "Examples",
+        "Attributes",
+        "Methods",
+    ])
+});
+
+fn check_parameters_section(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    context: &SectionContext,
+) {
+    // Collect the list of arguments documented in the docstring.
+    let mut docstring_args: BTreeSet<&str> = Default::default();
+    let section_level_indent = helpers::leading_space(context.line);
+    for i in 1..context.following_lines.len() {
+        let current_line = context.following_lines[i - 1];
+        let current_leading_space = helpers::leading_space(current_line);
+        let next_line = context.following_lines[i];
+        if current_leading_space == section_level_indent
+            && (helpers::leading_space(next_line).len() > current_leading_space.len())
+            && !next_line.trim().is_empty()
+        {
+            let parameters = if let Some(semi_index) = current_line.find(':') {
+                // If the parameter has a type annotation, exclude it.
+                &current_line[..semi_index]
+            } else {
+                // Otherwise, it's just a list of parameters on the current line.
+                current_line.trim()
+            };
+            // Notably, NumPy lets you put multiple parameters of the same type on the same line.
+            for parameter in parameters.split(',') {
+                docstring_args.insert(parameter.trim());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Validate that all arguments were documented.
+    sections::check_missing_args(checker, definition, &docstring_args);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_numpy_section(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    context: &SectionContext,
+) {
+    sections::check_common_section(checker, definition, context, &SectionStyle::NumPy);
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D406) {
+        let suffix = context
+            .line
+            .trim()
+            .strip_prefix(&context.section_name)
+            .unwrap();
+        if !suffix.is_empty() {
+            let docstring = definition
+                .docstring
+                .expect("Sections are only available for docstrings.");
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::NewLineAfterSectionName(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D417) {
+        let capitalized_section_name = titlecase::titlecase(&context.section_name);
+        if capitalized_section_name == "Parameters" {
+            check_parameters_section(checker, definition, context);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/docstrings/plugins.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+//! Abstractions for tracking and validating docstrings in Python code.
+
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use regex::Regex;
+use rustpython_ast::{Constant, ExprKind, Location, StmtKind};
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use crate::autofix::fixer;
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind, Fix};
+use crate::docstrings::definition::{Definition, DefinitionKind};
+use crate::docstrings::google::check_google_section;
+use crate::docstrings::helpers::{
+    indentation, leading_space, SINGLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES, TRIPLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES,
+};
+use crate::docstrings::numpy::check_numpy_section;
+use crate::docstrings::sections::section_contexts;
+use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
+use crate::visibility::{is_init, is_magic, is_overload, Visibility};
+
+/// D100, D101, D102, D103, D104, D105, D106, D107
+pub fn not_missing(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    visibility: &Visibility,
+) -> bool {
+    if matches!(visibility, Visibility::Private) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if definition.docstring.is_some() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    match definition.kind {
+        DefinitionKind::Module => {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D100) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::PublicModule,
+                    Range {
+                        location: Location::new(1, 1),
+                        end_location: Location::new(1, 1),
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+            false
+        }
+        DefinitionKind::Package => {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D104) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::PublicPackage,
+                    Range {
+                        location: Location::new(1, 1),
+                        end_location: Location::new(1, 1),
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+            false
+        }
+        DefinitionKind::Class(stmt) => {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D101) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::PublicClass,
+                    Range::from_located(stmt),
+                ));
+            }
+            false
+        }
+        DefinitionKind::NestedClass(stmt) => {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D106) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::PublicNestedClass,
+                    Range::from_located(stmt),
+                ));
+            }
+            false
+        }
+        DefinitionKind::Function(stmt) | DefinitionKind::NestedFunction(stmt) => {
+            if is_overload(stmt) {
+                true
+            } else {
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D103) {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::PublicFunction,
+                        Range::from_located(stmt),
+                    ));
+                }
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        DefinitionKind::Method(stmt) => {
+            if is_overload(stmt) {
+                true
+            } else if is_magic(stmt) {
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D105) {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::MagicMethod,
+                        Range::from_located(stmt),
+                    ));
+                }
+                true
+            } else if is_init(stmt) {
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D107) {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(CheckKind::PublicInit, Range::from_located(stmt)));
+                }
+                true
+            } else {
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D102) {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::PublicMethod,
+                        Range::from_located(stmt),
+                    ));
+                }
+                true
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D200
+pub fn one_liner(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = &definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let mut line_count = 0;
+            let mut non_empty_line_count = 0;
+            for line in string.lines() {
+                line_count += 1;
+                if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                    non_empty_line_count += 1;
+                }
+                if non_empty_line_count > 1 {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if non_empty_line_count == 1 && line_count > 1 {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::FitsOnOneLine,
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static COMMENT_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"^\s*#").unwrap());
+
+static INNER_FUNCTION_OR_CLASS_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"^\s+(?:(?:class|def|async def)\s|@)").unwrap());
+
+/// D201, D202
+pub fn blank_before_after_function(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let DefinitionKind::Function(parent)
+        | DefinitionKind::NestedFunction(parent)
+        | DefinitionKind::Method(parent) = &definition.kind
+        {
+            if let ExprKind::Constant {
+                value: Constant::Str(_),
+                ..
+            } = &docstring.node
+            {
+                let (before, _, after) = checker.locator.partition_source_code_at(
+                    &Range::from_located(parent),
+                    &Range::from_located(docstring),
+                );
+
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D201) {
+                    let blank_lines_before = before
+                        .lines()
+                        .rev()
+                        .skip(1)
+                        .take_while(|line| line.trim().is_empty())
+                        .count();
+                    if blank_lines_before != 0 {
+                        let mut check = Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeFunction(blank_lines_before),
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        );
+                        if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                            check.amend(Fix::deletion(
+                                Location::new(docstring.location.row() - blank_lines_before, 1),
+                                Location::new(docstring.location.row(), 1),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        checker.add_check(check);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D202) {
+                    let all_blank_after = after
+                        .lines()
+                        .skip(1)
+                        .all(|line| line.trim().is_empty() || COMMENT_REGEX.is_match(line));
+                    if all_blank_after {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    let blank_lines_after = after
+                        .lines()
+                        .skip(1)
+                        .take_while(|line| line.trim().is_empty())
+                        .count();
+                    // Report a D202 violation if the docstring is followed by a blank line and the
+                    // blank line is not itself followed by an inner function or class.
+                    let expected_blank_lines_after =
+                        if INNER_FUNCTION_OR_CLASS_REGEX.is_match(after) {
+                            1
+                        } else {
+                            0
+                        };
+                    if blank_lines_after != expected_blank_lines_after {
+                        let mut check = Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterFunction(blank_lines_after),
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        );
+                        if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                            check.amend(Fix::deletion(
+                                Location::new(
+                                    docstring.location.row() + 1 + expected_blank_lines_after,
+                                    1,
+                                ),
+                                Location::new(docstring.location.row() + 1 + blank_lines_after, 1),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        checker.add_check(check);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D203, D204, D211
+pub fn blank_before_after_class(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = &definition.docstring {
+        if let DefinitionKind::Class(parent) | DefinitionKind::NestedClass(parent) =
+            &definition.kind
+        {
+            if let ExprKind::Constant {
+                value: Constant::Str(_),
+                ..
+            } = &docstring.node
+            {
+                let (before, _, after) = checker.locator.partition_source_code_at(
+                    &Range::from_located(parent),
+                    &Range::from_located(docstring),
+                );
+
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D203)
+                    || checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D211)
+                {
+                    let blank_lines_before = before
+                        .lines()
+                        .rev()
+                        .skip(1)
+                        .take_while(|line| line.trim().is_empty())
+                        .count();
+                    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D211) {
+                        if blank_lines_before != 0 {
+                            let mut check = Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::NoBlankLineBeforeClass(blank_lines_before),
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            );
+                            if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply)
+                            {
+                                check.amend(Fix::deletion(
+                                    Location::new(docstring.location.row() - blank_lines_before, 1),
+                                    Location::new(docstring.location.row(), 1),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                            checker.add_check(check);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D203) {
+                        if blank_lines_before != 1 {
+                            let mut check = Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::OneBlankLineBeforeClass(blank_lines_before),
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            );
+                            if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply)
+                            {
+                                check.amend(Fix::replacement(
+                                    "\n".to_string(),
+                                    Location::new(docstring.location.row() - blank_lines_before, 1),
+                                    Location::new(docstring.location.row(), 1),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                            checker.add_check(check);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D204) {
+                    let all_blank_after = after
+                        .lines()
+                        .skip(1)
+                        .all(|line| line.trim().is_empty() || COMMENT_REGEX.is_match(line));
+                    if all_blank_after {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    let blank_lines_after = after
+                        .lines()
+                        .skip(1)
+                        .take_while(|line| line.trim().is_empty())
+                        .count();
+                    if blank_lines_after != 1 {
+                        let mut check = Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::OneBlankLineAfterClass(blank_lines_after),
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        );
+                        if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                            check.amend(Fix::replacement(
+                                "\n".to_string(),
+                                Location::new(docstring.end_location.row() + 1, 1),
+                                Location::new(
+                                    docstring.end_location.row() + 1 + blank_lines_after,
+                                    1,
+                                ),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        checker.add_check(check);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D205
+pub fn blank_after_summary(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let mut lines_count = 1;
+            let mut blanks_count = 0;
+            for line in string.trim().lines().skip(1) {
+                lines_count += 1;
+                if line.trim().is_empty() {
+                    blanks_count += 1;
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if lines_count > 1 && blanks_count != 1 {
+                let mut check = Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::NoBlankLineAfterSummary,
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                );
+                if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                    check.amend(Fix::replacement(
+                        "\n".to_string(),
+                        Location::new(docstring.location.row() + 1, 1),
+                        Location::new(docstring.location.row() + 1 + blanks_count, 1),
+                    ));
+                }
+                checker.add_check(check);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D206, D207, D208
+pub fn indent(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let lines: Vec<&str> = string.lines().collect();
+            if lines.len() <= 1 {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            let mut has_seen_tab = false;
+            let mut has_seen_over_indent = false;
+            let mut has_seen_under_indent = false;
+
+            let docstring_indent = indentation(checker, docstring).to_string();
+            if !has_seen_tab {
+                if docstring_indent.contains('\t') {
+                    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D206) {
+                        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::IndentWithSpaces,
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    has_seen_tab = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for i in 0..lines.len() {
+                // First lines and continuations doesn't need any indentation.
+                if i == 0 || lines[i - 1].ends_with('\\') {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Omit empty lines, except for the last line, which is non-empty by way of
+                // containing the closing quotation marks.
+                if i < lines.len() - 1 && lines[i].trim().is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let line_indent = leading_space(lines[i]);
+                if !has_seen_tab {
+                    if line_indent.contains('\t') {
+                        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D206) {
+                            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::IndentWithSpaces,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        has_seen_tab = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if !has_seen_over_indent {
+                    if line_indent.len() > docstring_indent.len() {
+                        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D208) {
+                            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::NoOverIndentation,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        has_seen_over_indent = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if !has_seen_under_indent {
+                    if line_indent.len() < docstring_indent.len() {
+                        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D207) {
+                            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::NoUnderIndentation,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        has_seen_under_indent = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D209
+pub fn newline_after_last_paragraph(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let mut line_count = 0;
+            for line in string.lines() {
+                if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                    line_count += 1;
+                }
+                if line_count > 1 {
+                    let content = checker
+                        .locator
+                        .slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(docstring));
+                    if let Some(last_line) = content.lines().last().map(|line| line.trim()) {
+                        if last_line != "\"\"\"" && last_line != "'''" {
+                            let mut check = Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::NewLineAfterLastParagraph,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            );
+                            if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply)
+                            {
+                                // Insert a newline just before the end-quote(s).
+                                let mut content = "\n".to_string();
+                                content.push_str(indentation(checker, docstring));
+                                check.amend(Fix::insertion(
+                                    content,
+                                    Location::new(
+                                        docstring.end_location.row(),
+                                        docstring.end_location.column() - "\"\"\"".len(),
+                                    ),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                            checker.add_check(check);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D210
+pub fn no_surrounding_whitespace(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let mut lines = string.lines();
+            if let Some(line) = lines.next() {
+                let trimmed = line.trim();
+                if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if line != trimmed {
+                    let mut check = Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::NoSurroundingWhitespace,
+                        Range::from_located(docstring),
+                    );
+                    if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                        if let Some(first_line) = checker
+                            .locator
+                            .slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(docstring))
+                            .lines()
+                            .next()
+                            .map(|line| line.to_lowercase())
+                        {
+                            for pattern in TRIPLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES.iter().chain(SINGLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES)
+                            {
+                                if first_line.starts_with(pattern) {
+                                    check.amend(Fix::replacement(
+                                        trimmed.to_string(),
+                                        Location::new(
+                                            docstring.location.row(),
+                                            docstring.location.column() + pattern.len(),
+                                        ),
+                                        Location::new(
+                                            docstring.location.row(),
+                                            docstring.location.column()
+                                                + pattern.len()
+                                                + line.chars().count(),
+                                        ),
+                                    ));
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    checker.add_check(check);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D212, D213
+pub fn multi_line_summary_start(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            if string.lines().nth(1).is_some() {
+                if let Some(first_line) = checker
+                    .locator
+                    .slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(docstring))
+                    .lines()
+                    .next()
+                    .map(|line| line.to_lowercase())
+                {
+                    if TRIPLE_QUOTE_PREFIXES.contains(&first_line.as_str()) {
+                        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D212) {
+                            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::MultiLineSummaryFirstLine,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D213) {
+                            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::MultiLineSummarySecondLine,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D300
+pub fn triple_quotes(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            if let Some(first_line) = checker
+                .locator
+                .slice_source_code_range(&Range::from_located(docstring))
+                .lines()
+                .next()
+                .map(|line| line.to_lowercase())
+            {
+                let starts_with_triple = if string.contains("\"\"\"") {
+                    first_line.starts_with("'''")
+                        || first_line.starts_with("u'''")
+                        || first_line.starts_with("r'''")
+                        || first_line.starts_with("ur'''")
+                } else {
+                    first_line.starts_with("\"\"\"")
+                        || first_line.starts_with("u\"\"\"")
+                        || first_line.starts_with("r\"\"\"")
+                        || first_line.starts_with("ur\"\"\"")
+                };
+                if !starts_with_triple {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::UsesTripleQuotes,
+                        Range::from_located(docstring),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D400
+pub fn ends_with_period(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            if let Some(string) = string.lines().next() {
+                if !string.ends_with('.') {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::EndsInPeriod,
+                        Range::from_located(docstring),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D402
+pub fn no_signature(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let DefinitionKind::Function(parent)
+        | DefinitionKind::NestedFunction(parent)
+        | DefinitionKind::Method(parent) = definition.kind
+        {
+            if let StmtKind::FunctionDef { name, .. } = &parent.node {
+                if let ExprKind::Constant {
+                    value: Constant::Str(string),
+                    ..
+                } = &docstring.node
+                {
+                    if let Some(first_line) = string.lines().next() {
+                        if first_line.contains(&format!("{name}(")) {
+                            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                                CheckKind::NoSignature,
+                                Range::from_located(docstring),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D403
+pub fn capitalized(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if !matches!(definition.kind, DefinitionKind::Function(_)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            if let Some(first_word) = string.split(' ').next() {
+                if first_word == first_word.to_uppercase() {
+                    return;
+                }
+                for char in first_word.chars() {
+                    if !char.is_ascii_alphabetic() && char != '\'' {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                if let Some(first_char) = first_word.chars().next() {
+                    if !first_char.is_uppercase() {
+                        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::FirstLineCapitalized,
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D404
+pub fn starts_with_this(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let trimmed = string.trim();
+            if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if let Some(first_word) = string.split(' ').next() {
+                if first_word
+                    .replace(|c: char| !c.is_alphanumeric(), "")
+                    .to_lowercase()
+                    == "this"
+                {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::NoThisPrefix,
+                        Range::from_located(docstring),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D415
+pub fn ends_with_punctuation(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            if let Some(string) = string.lines().next() {
+                if !(string.ends_with('.') || string.ends_with('!') || string.ends_with('?')) {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::EndsInPunctuation,
+                        Range::from_located(docstring),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D418
+pub fn if_needed(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if definition.docstring.is_some() {
+        if let DefinitionKind::Function(stmt)
+        | DefinitionKind::NestedFunction(stmt)
+        | DefinitionKind::Method(stmt) = definition.kind
+        {
+            if is_overload(stmt) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::SkipDocstring,
+                    Range::from_located(stmt),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// D419
+pub fn not_empty(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) -> bool {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            if string.trim().is_empty() {
+                if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D419) {
+                    checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                        CheckKind::NonEmpty,
+                        Range::from_located(docstring),
+                    ));
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// D212, D214, D215, D405, D406, D407, D408, D409, D410, D411, D412, D413, D414, D416, D417
+pub fn sections(checker: &mut Checker, definition: &Definition) {
+    if let Some(docstring) = definition.docstring {
+        if let ExprKind::Constant {
+            value: Constant::Str(string),
+            ..
+        } = &docstring.node
+        {
+            let lines: Vec<&str> = string.lines().collect();
+            if lines.len() < 2 {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // First, interpret as NumPy-style sections.
+            let mut found_numpy_section = false;
+            for context in &section_contexts(&lines, &SectionStyle::NumPy) {
+                found_numpy_section = true;
+                check_numpy_section(checker, definition, context);
+            }
+
+            // If no such sections were identified, interpret as Google-style sections.
+            if !found_numpy_section {
+                for context in &section_contexts(&lines, &SectionStyle::Google) {
+                    check_google_section(checker, definition, context);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/docstrings/sections.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use rustpython_ast::{Arg, Location, StmtKind};
+use titlecase::titlecase;
+
+use crate::ast::types::Range;
+use crate::autofix::fixer;
+use crate::check_ast::Checker;
+use crate::checks::{Check, CheckCode, CheckKind, Fix};
+use crate::docstrings::definition::{Definition, DefinitionKind};
+use crate::docstrings::helpers;
+use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
+use crate::visibility::is_static;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct SectionContext<'a> {
+    pub(crate) section_name: String,
+    pub(crate) previous_line: &'a str,
+    pub(crate) line: &'a str,
+    pub(crate) following_lines: &'a [&'a str],
+    pub(crate) is_last_section: bool,
+    original_index: usize,
+}
+
+fn suspected_as_section(line: &str, style: &SectionStyle) -> bool {
+    style
+        .lowercase_section_names()
+        .contains(&helpers::leading_words(line).to_lowercase().as_str())
+}
+
+/// Check if the suspected context is really a section header.
+fn is_docstring_section(context: &SectionContext) -> bool {
+    let section_name_suffix = context
+        .line
+        .trim()
+        .strip_prefix(&context.section_name)
+        .unwrap()
+        .trim();
+    let this_looks_like_a_section_name =
+        section_name_suffix == ":" || section_name_suffix.is_empty();
+    if !this_looks_like_a_section_name {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let prev_line = context.previous_line.trim();
+    let prev_line_ends_with_punctuation = [',', ';', '.', '-', '\\', '/', ']', '}', ')']
+        .into_iter()
+        .any(|char| prev_line.ends_with(char));
+    let prev_line_looks_like_end_of_paragraph =
+        prev_line_ends_with_punctuation || prev_line.is_empty();
+    if !prev_line_looks_like_end_of_paragraph {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    true
+}
+
+/// Extract all `SectionContext` values from a docstring.
+pub(crate) fn section_contexts<'a>(
+    lines: &'a [&'a str],
+    style: &SectionStyle,
+) -> Vec<SectionContext<'a>> {
+    let suspected_section_indices: Vec<usize> = lines
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter_map(|(lineno, line)| {
+            if lineno > 0 && suspected_as_section(line, style) {
+                Some(lineno)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut contexts = vec![];
+    for lineno in suspected_section_indices {
+        let context = SectionContext {
+            section_name: helpers::leading_words(lines[lineno]),
+            previous_line: lines[lineno - 1],
+            line: lines[lineno],
+            following_lines: &lines[lineno + 1..],
+            original_index: lineno,
+            is_last_section: false,
+        };
+        if is_docstring_section(&context) {
+            contexts.push(context);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut truncated_contexts = vec![];
+    let mut end: Option<usize> = None;
+    for context in contexts.into_iter().rev() {
+        let next_end = context.original_index;
+        truncated_contexts.push(SectionContext {
+            section_name: context.section_name,
+            previous_line: context.previous_line,
+            line: context.line,
+            following_lines: if let Some(end) = end {
+                &lines[context.original_index + 1..end]
+            } else {
+                context.following_lines
+            },
+            original_index: context.original_index,
+            is_last_section: end.is_none(),
+        });
+        end = Some(next_end);
+    }
+    truncated_contexts.reverse();
+    truncated_contexts
+}
+
+fn check_blanks_and_section_underline(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    context: &SectionContext,
+) {
+    let docstring = definition
+        .docstring
+        .expect("Sections are only available for docstrings.");
+
+    let mut blank_lines_after_header = 0;
+    for line in context.following_lines {
+        if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+            break;
+        }
+        blank_lines_after_header += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Nothing but blank lines after the section header.
+    if blank_lines_after_header == context.following_lines.len() {
+        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D407) {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::DashedUnderlineAfterSection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ));
+        }
+        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D414) {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::NonEmptySection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ));
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let non_empty_line = context.following_lines[blank_lines_after_header];
+    let dash_line_found = non_empty_line
+        .chars()
+        .all(|char| char.is_whitespace() || char == '-');
+
+    if !dash_line_found {
+        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D407) {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::DashedUnderlineAfterSection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ));
+        }
+        if blank_lines_after_header > 0 {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D212) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent(
+                        context.section_name.to_string(),
+                    ),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        if blank_lines_after_header > 0 {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D408) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::SectionUnderlineAfterName(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if non_empty_line
+            .trim()
+            .chars()
+            .filter(|char| *char == '-')
+            .count()
+            != context.section_name.len()
+        {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D409) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength(
+                        context.section_name.to_string(),
+                    ),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D215) {
+            if helpers::leading_space(non_empty_line).len()
+                > helpers::indentation(checker, docstring).len()
+            {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let line_after_dashes_index = blank_lines_after_header + 1;
+
+        if line_after_dashes_index < context.following_lines.len() {
+            let line_after_dashes = context.following_lines[line_after_dashes_index];
+            if line_after_dashes.trim().is_empty() {
+                let rest_of_lines = &context.following_lines[line_after_dashes_index..];
+                if rest_of_lines.iter().all(|line| line.trim().is_empty()) {
+                    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D414) {
+                        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::NonEmptySection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D412) {
+                        checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                            CheckKind::NoBlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent(
+                                context.section_name.to_string(),
+                            ),
+                            Range::from_located(docstring),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D414) {
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::NonEmptySection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_common_section(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    context: &SectionContext,
+    style: &SectionStyle,
+) {
+    let docstring = definition
+        .docstring
+        .expect("Sections are only available for docstrings.");
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D405) {
+        if !style
+            .section_names()
+            .contains(&context.section_name.as_str())
+            && style
+                .section_names()
+                .contains(titlecase(&context.section_name).as_str())
+        {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::CapitalizeSectionName(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D214) {
+        if helpers::leading_space(context.line).len()
+            > helpers::indentation(checker, docstring).len()
+        {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::SectionNotOverIndented(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if context
+        .following_lines
+        .last()
+        .map(|line| !line.trim().is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or(true)
+    {
+        if context.is_last_section {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D413) {
+                let mut check = Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::BlankLineAfterLastSection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                );
+                if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                    check.amend(Fix::insertion(
+                        "\n".to_string(),
+                        Location::new(
+                            docstring.location.row()
+                                + context.original_index
+                                + 1
+                                + context.following_lines.len(),
+                            1,
+                        ),
+                    ))
+                }
+                checker.add_check(check);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D410) {
+                let mut check = Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::BlankLineAfterSection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                    Range::from_located(docstring),
+                );
+                if matches!(checker.autofix, fixer::Mode::Generate | fixer::Mode::Apply) {
+                    check.amend(Fix::insertion(
+                        "\n".to_string(),
+                        Location::new(
+                            docstring.location.row()
+                                + context.original_index
+                                + 1
+                                + context.following_lines.len(),
+                            1,
+                        ),
+                    ))
+                }
+                checker.add_check(check);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if checker.settings.enabled.contains(&CheckCode::D411) {
+        if !context.previous_line.is_empty() {
+            checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                CheckKind::BlankLineBeforeSection(context.section_name.to_string()),
+                Range::from_located(docstring),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    check_blanks_and_section_underline(checker, definition, context);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_missing_args(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    docstrings_args: &BTreeSet<&str>,
+) {
+    if let DefinitionKind::Function(parent)
+    | DefinitionKind::NestedFunction(parent)
+    | DefinitionKind::Method(parent) = definition.kind
+    {
+        if let StmtKind::FunctionDef {
+            args: arguments, ..
+        }
+        | StmtKind::AsyncFunctionDef {
+            args: arguments, ..
+        } = &parent.node
+        {
+            // Collect all the arguments into a single vector.
+            let mut all_arguments: Vec<&Arg> = arguments
+                .args
+                .iter()
+                .chain(arguments.posonlyargs.iter())
+                .chain(arguments.kwonlyargs.iter())
+                .skip(
+                    // If this is a non-static method, skip `cls` or `self`.
+                    if matches!(definition.kind, DefinitionKind::Method(_)) && !is_static(parent) {
+                        1
+                    } else {
+                        0
+                    },
+                )
+                .collect();
+            if let Some(arg) = &arguments.vararg {
+                all_arguments.push(arg);
+            }
+            if let Some(arg) = &arguments.kwarg {
+                all_arguments.push(arg);
+            }
+
+            // Look for arguments that weren't included in the docstring.
+            let mut missing_args: BTreeSet<&str> = Default::default();
+            for arg in all_arguments {
+                let arg_name = arg.node.arg.as_str();
+                if arg_name.starts_with('_') {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if docstrings_args.contains(&arg_name) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                missing_args.insert(arg_name);
+            }
+
+            if !missing_args.is_empty() {
+                let names = missing_args
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(String::from)
+                    .sorted()
+                    .collect();
+                checker.add_check(Check::new(
+                    CheckKind::DocumentAllArguments(names),
+                    Range::from_located(parent),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/docstrings/styles.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+
+use crate::docstrings::google::{GOOGLE_SECTION_NAMES, LOWERCASE_GOOGLE_SECTION_NAMES};
+use crate::docstrings::numpy::{LOWERCASE_NUMPY_SECTION_NAMES, NUMPY_SECTION_NAMES};
+
+pub(crate) enum SectionStyle {
+    NumPy,
+    Google,
+}
+
+impl SectionStyle {
+    pub(crate) fn section_names(&self) -> &Lazy<BTreeSet<&'static str>> {
+        match self {
+            SectionStyle::NumPy => &NUMPY_SECTION_NAMES,
+            SectionStyle::Google => &GOOGLE_SECTION_NAMES,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lowercase_section_names(&self) -> &Lazy<BTreeSet<&'static str>> {
+        match self {
+            SectionStyle::NumPy => &LOWERCASE_NUMPY_SECTION_NAMES,
+            SectionStyle::Google => &LOWERCASE_GOOGLE_SECTION_NAMES,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![allow(clippy::collapsible_if, clippy::collapsible_else_if)]
+
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ mod check_lines;
 pub mod checks;
 pub mod cli;
 pub mod code_gen;
-pub mod docstrings;
+mod docstrings;
 pub mod fs;
 pub mod linter;
 pub mod logging;
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ pub mod printer;
 pub mod pyproject;
 mod python;
 pub mod settings;
+pub mod visibility;
 
 /// Run ruff over Python source code directly.
 pub fn check(path: &Path, contents: &str) -> Result<Vec<Message>> {

src/main.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ use clap::Parser;
 use colored::Colorize;
 use log::{debug, error};
 use notify::{raw_watcher, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use walkdir::DirEntry;
 
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
 use ruff::cache;
 use ruff::checks::CheckCode;
 use ruff::checks::CheckKind;
@@ -29,9 +31,24 @@ use ruff::settings::RawSettings;
 use ruff::settings::{FilePattern, PerFileIgnore, Settings};
 use ruff::tell_user;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "update-informer")]
 const CARGO_PKG_NAME: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME");
+#[cfg(feature = "update-informer")]
 const CARGO_PKG_VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
 
+/// Shim that calls par_iter except for wasm because there's no wasm support in rayon yet
+/// (there is a shim to be used for the web, but it requires js cooperation)
+/// Unfortunately, ParallelIterator does not implement Iterator so the signatures diverge
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
+fn par_iter<T: Sync>(iterable: &Vec<T>) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = &T> {
+    iterable.par_iter()
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
+fn par_iter<T: Sync>(iterable: &Vec<T>) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T> {
+    iterable.iter()
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "update-informer")]
 fn check_for_updates() {
     use update_informer::{registry, Check};
@@ -81,9 +98,9 @@ fn read_from_stdin() -> Result<String> {
     Ok(buffer)
 }
 
-fn run_once_stdin(settings: &Settings, filename: &Path) -> Result<Vec<Message>> {
+fn run_once_stdin(settings: &Settings, filename: &Path, autofix: bool) -> Result<Vec<Message>> {
     let stdin = read_from_stdin()?;
-    let mut messages = lint_stdin(filename, &stdin, settings)?;
+    let mut messages = lint_stdin(filename, &stdin, settings, &autofix.into())?;
     messages.sort_unstable();
     Ok(messages)
 }
@@ -104,8 +121,7 @@ fn run_once(
     debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
 
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let mut messages: Vec<Message> = paths
-        .par_iter()
+    let mut messages: Vec<Message> = par_iter(&paths)
         .map(|entry| {
             match entry {
                 Ok(entry) => {
@@ -160,8 +176,7 @@ fn add_noqa(files: &[PathBuf], settings: &Settings) -> Result<usize> {
     debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
 
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let modifications: usize = paths
-        .par_iter()
+    let modifications: usize = par_iter(&paths)
         .map(|entry| match entry {
             Ok(entry) => {
                 let path = entry.path();
@@ -190,8 +205,7 @@ fn autoformat(files: &[PathBuf], settings: &Settings) -> Result<usize> {
     debug!("Identified files to lint in: {:?}", duration);
 
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let modifications = paths
-        .par_iter()
+    let modifications = par_iter(&paths)
         .map(|entry| {
             let path = entry.path();
             autoformat_path(path)
@@ -216,7 +230,9 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         Some(path) => debug!("Found project root at: {:?}", path),
         None => debug!("Unable to identify project root; assuming current directory..."),
     };
-    let pyproject = pyproject::find_pyproject_toml(&project_root);
+    let pyproject = cli
+        .config
+        .or_else(|| pyproject::find_pyproject_toml(&project_root));
     match &pyproject {
         Some(path) => debug!("Found pyproject.toml at: {:?}", path),
         None => debug!("Unable to find pyproject.toml; using default settings..."),
@@ -300,6 +316,7 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
         return Ok(ExitCode::SUCCESS);
     }
 
+    #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
     cache::init()?;
 
     let mut printer = Printer::new(cli.format, cli.verbose);
@@ -365,23 +382,30 @@ fn inner_main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
             println!("Formatted {modifications} files.");
         }
     } else {
-        let messages = if cli.files == vec![PathBuf::from("-")] {
-            if cli.fix {
-                eprintln!("Warning: --fix is not enabled when reading from stdin.");
-            }
-
-            let filename = cli.stdin_filename.unwrap_or_else(|| "-".to_string());
-            let path = Path::new(&filename);
-            run_once_stdin(&settings, path)?
-        } else {
-            run_once(&cli.files, &settings, !cli.no_cache, cli.fix)?
-        };
-        if !cli.quiet {
+        let (messages, should_print_messages, should_check_updates) =
+            if cli.files == vec![PathBuf::from("-")] {
+                let filename = cli.stdin_filename.unwrap_or_else(|| "-".to_string());
+                let path = Path::new(&filename);
+                (
+                    run_once_stdin(&settings, path, cli.fix)?,
+                    !cli.quiet && !cli.fix,
+                    false,
+                )
+            } else {
+                (
+                    run_once(&cli.files, &settings, !cli.no_cache, cli.fix)?,
+                    !cli.quiet,
+                    !cli.quiet,
+                )
+            };
+        if should_print_messages {
             printer.write_once(&messages)?;
         }
 
         #[cfg(feature = "update-informer")]
-        check_for_updates();
+        if should_check_updates {
+            check_for_updates();
+        }
 
         if messages.iter().any(|message| !message.fixed) && !cli.exit_zero {
             return Ok(ExitCode::FAILURE);

src/noqa.rs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn extract_noqa_line_for(lxr: &[LexResult]) -> Vec<usize> {
 }
 
 fn add_noqa_inner(
-    checks: &Vec<Check>,
+    checks: &[Check],
     contents: &str,
     noqa_line_for: &[usize],
 ) -> Result<(usize, String)> {
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ fn add_noqa_inner(
 }
 
 pub fn add_noqa(
-    checks: &Vec<Check>,
+    checks: &[Check],
     contents: &str,
     noqa_line_for: &[usize],
     path: &Path,

src/plugins/duplicate_exceptions.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fn type_pattern(elts: Vec<&Expr>) -> Expr {
 pub fn duplicate_handler_exceptions(
     checker: &mut Checker,
     expr: &Expr,
-    elts: &Vec<Expr>,
+    elts: &[Expr],
 ) -> BTreeSet<String> {
     let mut seen: BTreeSet<String> = Default::default();
     let mut duplicates: BTreeSet<String> = Default::default();

src/plugins/super_call_with_parameters.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@ use crate::ast::{checkers, helpers};
 use crate::autofix::{fixer, fixes};
 use crate::check_ast::Checker;
 
-pub fn super_call_with_parameters(
-    checker: &mut Checker,
-    expr: &Expr,
-    func: &Expr,
-    args: &Vec<Expr>,
-) {
+pub fn super_call_with_parameters(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) {
     // Only bother going through the super check at all if we're in a `super` call.
     // (We check this in `check_super_args` too, so this is just an optimization.)
     if helpers::is_super_call_with_arguments(func, args) {

src/plugins/type_of_primitive.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::autofix::fixer;
 use crate::check_ast::Checker;
 use crate::checks::{CheckKind, Fix};
 
-pub fn type_of_primitive(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) {
+pub fn type_of_primitive(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) {
     if let Some(mut check) =
         checkers::type_of_primitive(func, args, checker.locate_check(Range::from_located(expr)))
     {

src/plugins/unnecessary_abspath.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::autofix::fixer;
 use crate::check_ast::Checker;
 use crate::checks::Fix;
 
-pub fn unnecessary_abspath(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &Vec<Expr>) {
+pub fn unnecessary_abspath(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, func: &Expr, args: &[Expr]) {
     if let Some(mut check) =
         checkers::unnecessary_abspath(func, args, checker.locate_check(Range::from_located(expr)))
     {

src/plugins/useless_metaclass_type.rs

@@ -6,12 +6,7 @@ use crate::ast::types::{CheckLocator, Range};
 use crate::autofix::{fixer, fixes};
 use crate::check_ast::Checker;
 
-pub fn useless_metaclass_type(
-    checker: &mut Checker,
-    stmt: &Stmt,
-    value: &Expr,
-    targets: &Vec<Expr>,
-) {
+pub fn useless_metaclass_type(checker: &mut Checker, stmt: &Stmt, value: &Expr, targets: &[Expr]) {
     if let Some(mut check) = checkers::useless_metaclass_type(
         targets,
         value,

src/printer.rs

@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ impl Printer {
                     serde_json::to_string_pretty(
                         &messages
                             .iter()
-                            .map(|m| ExpandedMessage {
-                                kind: &m.kind,
-                                code: m.kind.code(),
-                                message: m.kind.body(),
-                                fixed: m.fixed,
-                                location: m.location,
-                                end_location: m.end_location,
-                                filename: &m.filename,
+                            .map(|message| ExpandedMessage {
+                                kind: &message.kind,
+                                code: message.kind.code(),
+                                message: message.kind.body(),
+                                fixed: message.fixed,
+                                location: message.location,
+                                end_location: message.end_location,
+                                filename: &message.filename,
                             })
                             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                     )?
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ impl Printer {
     }
 
     pub fn clear_screen(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
         clearscreen::clear()?;
         Ok(())
     }

src/settings.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ use glob::Pattern;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
-use crate::checks::{CheckCode, DEFAULT_CHECK_CODES};
+use crate::checks::{CheckCategory, CheckCode};
 use crate::fs;
 use crate::pyproject::{load_config, StrCheckCodePair};
 
@@ -153,9 +154,16 @@ impl RawSettings {
                 .map(|path| FilePattern::from_user(path, project_root))
                 .collect(),
             extend_ignore: config.extend_ignore,
-            select: config
-                .select
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| DEFAULT_CHECK_CODES.to_vec()),
+            select: config.select.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                CheckCode::iter()
+                    .filter(|code| {
+                        matches!(
+                            code.category(),
+                            CheckCategory::Pycodestyle | CheckCategory::Pyflakes
+                        )
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            }),
             extend_select: config.extend_select,
             ignore: config.ignore,
             line_length: config.line_length.unwrap_or(88),

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C401_C401.py.snap

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: UnnecessaryGeneratorList
+- kind: UnnecessaryGeneratorSet
   location:
     row: 1
     column: 5

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C402_C402.py.snap

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: UnnecessaryListComprehensionDict
+- kind: UnnecessaryGeneratorDict
   location:
     row: 1
     column: 5

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C411_C411.py.snap

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: NoNewLineAtEndOfFile
+- kind: UnnecessaryListCall
   location:
     row: 2
-    column: 9
+    column: 1
   end_location:
     row: 2
-    column: 9
+    column: 21
   fix: ~
 

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C413_C413.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted: list
+  location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 16
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted: reversed
+  location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 20
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryCallAroundSorted: reversed
+  location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 34
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C414_C414.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - list
+      - list
+  location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 14
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - tuple
+      - list
+  location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 15
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - list
+      - tuple
+  location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 15
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - tuple
+      - tuple
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 16
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - set
+      - set
+  location:
+    row: 6
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 6
+    column: 12
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - list
+      - set
+  location:
+    row: 7
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 7
+    column: 13
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - tuple
+      - set
+  location:
+    row: 8
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 8
+    column: 14
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - sorted
+      - set
+  location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 9
+    column: 15
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - reversed
+      - set
+  location:
+    row: 10
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 10
+    column: 17
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - list
+      - sorted
+  location:
+    row: 11
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 11
+    column: 16
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - tuple
+      - sorted
+  location:
+    row: 12
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 12
+    column: 17
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - sorted
+      - sorted
+  location:
+    row: 13
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 13
+    column: 18
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryDoubleCastOrProcess:
+      - reversed
+      - sorted
+  location:
+    row: 14
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 14
+    column: 20
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C416_C416.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryComprehension: list
+  location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 15
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryComprehension: set
+  location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 15
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__C417_C417.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: generator
+  location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 2
+    column: 27
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: generator
+  location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 3
+    column: 28
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: list
+  location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 33
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: generator
+  location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 6
+  end_location:
+    row: 4
+    column: 32
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: set
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 37
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: generator
+  location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 5
+    column: 36
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: dict
+  location:
+    row: 6
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 6
+    column: 37
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    UnnecessaryMap: generator
+  location:
+    row: 6
+    column: 6
+  end_location:
+    row: 6
+    column: 36
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D100_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: PublicModule
+  location:
+    row: 1
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 1
+    column: 1
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D101_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: PublicClass
+  location:
+    row: 14
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 67
+    column: 1
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D102_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: PublicMethod
+  location:
+    row: 22
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 25
+    column: 5
+  fix: ~
+- kind: PublicMethod
+  location:
+    row: 51
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 54
+    column: 5
+  fix: ~
+- kind: PublicMethod
+  location:
+    row: 63
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 67
+    column: 1
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D103_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: PublicFunction
+  location:
+    row: 395
+    column: 1
+  end_location:
+    row: 396
+    column: 1
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D105_D.py.snap

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: NewLineAfterLastParagraph
+- kind: MagicMethod
   location:
-    row: 276
+    row: 59
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 278
-    column: 20
+    row: 62
+    column: 5
   fix: ~
 

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D107_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: PublicInit
+  location:
+    row: 55
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 58
+    column: 5
+  fix: ~
+- kind: PublicInit
+  location:
+    row: 529
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 533
+    column: 1
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D201_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineBeforeFunction: 1
+  location:
+    row: 132
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 132
+    column: 25
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 131
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 132
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineBeforeFunction: 1
+  location:
+    row: 146
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 146
+    column: 38
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 145
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 146
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D202_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineAfterFunction: 0
+  location:
+    row: 79
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 79
+    column: 33
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 81
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 80
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineAfterFunction: 1
+  location:
+    row: 137
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 137
+    column: 25
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 138
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 139
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineAfterFunction: 1
+  location:
+    row: 146
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 146
+    column: 38
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 147
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 148
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineAfterFunction: 0
+  location:
+    row: 453
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 453
+    column: 24
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 455
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 454
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D203_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    OneBlankLineBeforeClass: 0
+  location:
+    row: 156
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 156
+    column: 33
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 156
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 156
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    OneBlankLineBeforeClass: 0
+  location:
+    row: 187
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 187
+    column: 46
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 187
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 187
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    OneBlankLineBeforeClass: 0
+  location:
+    row: 521
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 527
+    column: 8
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 521
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 521
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D204_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    OneBlankLineAfterClass: 0
+  location:
+    row: 176
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 176
+    column: 25
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 177
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 177
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    OneBlankLineAfterClass: 0
+  location:
+    row: 187
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 187
+    column: 46
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 188
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 188
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D205_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: NoBlankLineAfterSummary
+  location:
+    row: 195
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 198
+    column: 8
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 196
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 196
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind: NoBlankLineAfterSummary
+  location:
+    row: 205
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 210
+    column: 8
+  fix:
+    content: "\n"
+    location:
+      row: 206
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 208
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D207_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: NoUnderIndentation
+  location:
+    row: 225
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 229
+    column: 8
+  fix: ~
+- kind: NoUnderIndentation
+  location:
+    row: 235
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 239
+    column: 4
+  fix: ~
+- kind: NoUnderIndentation
+  location:
+    row: 433
+    column: 37
+  end_location:
+    row: 436
+    column: 8
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D208_D.py.snap

@@ -2,28 +2,28 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: NoSurroundingWhitespace
+- kind: NoOverIndentation
   location:
-    row: 283
+    row: 245
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 283
-    column: 34
+    row: 249
+    column: 8
   fix: ~
-- kind: NoSurroundingWhitespace
+- kind: NoOverIndentation
   location:
-    row: 288
+    row: 255
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 288
-    column: 38
+    row: 259
+    column: 12
   fix: ~
-- kind: NoSurroundingWhitespace
+- kind: NoOverIndentation
   location:
-    row: 294
+    row: 265
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 297
+    row: 269
     column: 8
   fix: ~
 

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D209_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: NewLineAfterLastParagraph
+  location:
+    row: 276
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 278
+    column: 20
+  fix:
+    content: "\n    "
+    location:
+      row: 278
+      column: 17
+    end_location:
+      row: 278
+      column: 17
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D210_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: NoSurroundingWhitespace
+  location:
+    row: 283
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 283
+    column: 34
+  fix:
+    content: Whitespace at the end.
+    location:
+      row: 283
+      column: 8
+    end_location:
+      row: 283
+      column: 31
+    applied: false
+- kind: NoSurroundingWhitespace
+  location:
+    row: 288
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 288
+    column: 38
+  fix:
+    content: Whitespace at everywhere.
+    location:
+      row: 288
+      column: 8
+    end_location:
+      row: 288
+      column: 35
+    applied: false
+- kind: NoSurroundingWhitespace
+  location:
+    row: 294
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 297
+    column: 8
+  fix:
+    content: Whitespace at the beginning.
+    location:
+      row: 294
+      column: 8
+    end_location:
+      row: 294
+      column: 37
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D211_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineBeforeClass: 1
+  location:
+    row: 165
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 165
+    column: 30
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 164
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 165
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+- kind:
+    NoBlankLineBeforeClass: 1
+  location:
+    row: 176
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 176
+    column: 25
+  fix:
+    content: ""
+    location:
+      row: 175
+      column: 1
+    end_location:
+      row: 176
+      column: 1
+    applied: false
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D214_sections.py.snap

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: FitsOnOneLine
+- kind:
+    SectionNotOverIndented: Returns
   location:
-    row: 124
+    row: 135
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 126
+    row: 141
     column: 8
   fix: ~
 

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D215_sections.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind:
+    SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented: Returns
+  location:
+    row: 147
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 153
+    column: 8
+  fix: ~
+- kind:
+    SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented: Returns
+  location:
+    row: 161
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 165
+    column: 8
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D300_D.py.snap

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ expression: checks
 - kind: UsesTripleQuotes
   location:
     row: 302
-    column: 6
+    column: 5
   end_location:
     row: 302
     column: 20
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ expression: checks
 - kind: UsesTripleQuotes
   location:
     row: 307
-    column: 6
+    column: 5
   end_location:
     row: 307
     column: 20
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ expression: checks
 - kind: UsesTripleQuotes
   location:
     row: 312
-    column: 6
+    column: 5
   end_location:
     row: 312
     column: 16
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ expression: checks
 - kind: UsesTripleQuotes
   location:
     row: 317
-    column: 6
+    column: 5
   end_location:
     row: 317
     column: 16
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ expression: checks
 - kind: UsesTripleQuotes
   location:
     row: 323
-    column: 6
+    column: 5
   end_location:
     row: 323
     column: 17

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D402_D.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+source: src/linter.rs
+expression: checks
+---
+- kind: NoSignature
+  location:
+    row: 373
+    column: 5
+  end_location:
+    row: 373
+    column: 31
+  fix: ~
+

src/snapshots/ruff__linter__tests__D405_sections.py.snap

@@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
 source: src/linter.rs
 expression: checks
 ---
-- kind: NoBlankLineAfterSummary
+- kind:
+    CapitalizeSectionName: returns
   location:
-    row: 195
+    row: 17
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 198
+    row: 23
     column: 8
   fix: ~
-- kind: NoBlankLineAfterSummary
+- kind:
+    CapitalizeSectionName: Short summary
   location:
-    row: 205
+    row: 207
     column: 5
   end_location:
-    row: 210
+    row: 221
     column: 8
   fix: ~