Add CI job to auto-update pre-commit dependencies weekly

## Summary

We typically avoid enforcing exclusions if a file was passed to Ruff
directly on the CLI. However, we also allow `--force-exclude`, which
ignores excluded files _even_ if they're passed to Ruff directly. This
is really important for pre-commit, which always passes changed files --
we need to exclude files passed by pre-commit if they're in the
`exclude` lists.

Turns out the new `lint.exclude` and `format.exclude` settings weren't
respecting `--force-exclude`.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/8391.

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v39
+      - uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v40
         id: changed
         with:
           files_yaml: |
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ jobs:
               - "!crates/ruff_dev/**"
               - "!crates/ruff_shrinking/**"
               - scripts/*
+              - .github/workflows/ci.yaml
 
             formatter:
               - Cargo.toml
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ jobs:
               - crates/ruff_python_parser/**
               - crates/ruff_dev/**
               - scripts/*
+              - .github/workflows/ci.yaml
 
   cargo-fmt:
     name: "cargo fmt"
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 18
           cache: "npm"
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
       - cargo-test-linux
       - determine_changes
     # Only runs on pull requests, since that is the only we way we can find the base version for comparison.
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine_changes.outputs.linter == 'true'
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
@@ -190,27 +192,54 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
 
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        name: Download Ruff binary
+        name: Download comparison Ruff binary
         id: ruff-target
         with:
           name: ruff
           path: target/debug
 
       - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2
-        name: Download base results
+        name: Download baseline Ruff binary
         with:
           name: ruff
           branch: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
           check_artifacts: true
 
-      - name: Run ecosystem check
+      - name: Install ruff-ecosystem
+        run: |
+          pip install ./python/ruff-ecosystem
+
+      - name: Run `ruff check` ecosystem check
+        if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.linter == 'true' }}
         run: |
           # Make executable, since artifact download doesn't preserve this
-          chmod +x ruff ${{ steps.ruff-target.outputs.download-path }}/ruff
+          chmod +x ./ruff ${{ steps.ruff-target.outputs.download-path }}/ruff
 
-          scripts/check_ecosystem.py ruff ${{ steps.ruff-target.outputs.download-path }}/ruff | tee ecosystem-result
-          cat ecosystem-result > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          # Set pipefail to avoid hiding errors with tee
+          set -eo pipefail
 
+          ruff-ecosystem check ./ruff ${{ steps.ruff-target.outputs.download-path }}/ruff --cache ./checkouts --output-format markdown | tee ecosystem-result-check
+
+          cat ecosystem-result-check > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          cat ecosystem-result-check > ecosystem-result
+          echo "" >> ecosystem-result
+
+      - name: Run `ruff format` ecosystem check
+        if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.formatter == 'true' }}
+        run: |
+          # Make executable, since artifact download doesn't preserve this
+          chmod +x ./ruff ${{ steps.ruff-target.outputs.download-path }}/ruff
+
+          # Set pipefail to avoid hiding errors with tee
+          set -eo pipefail
+
+          ruff-ecosystem format ./ruff ${{ steps.ruff-target.outputs.download-path }}/ruff --cache ./checkouts --output-format markdown | tee ecosystem-result-format
+
+          cat ecosystem-result-format > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          cat ecosystem-result-format >> ecosystem-result
+
+      - name: Export pull request number
+        run: |
           echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -326,8 +355,8 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS != 'true' }}
         run: mkdocs build --strict -f mkdocs.generated.yml
 
-  check-formatter-ecosystem:
-    name: "Formatter ecosystem and progress checks"
+  check-formatter-instability-and-black-similarity:
+    name: "formatter instabilities and black similarity"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: determine_changes
     if: needs.determine_changes.outputs.formatter == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'

.github/workflows/docs.yaml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         run: mkdocs build --strict -f mkdocs.generated.yml
       - name: "Deploy to Cloudflare Pages"
         if: ${{ env.CF_API_TOKEN_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3.3.1
+        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3.3.2
         with:
           apiToken: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN }}
           accountId: ${{ secrets.CF_ACCOUNT_ID }}

.github/workflows/playground.yaml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 18
           cache: "npm"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: playground
       - name: "Deploy to Cloudflare Pages"
         if: ${{ env.CF_API_TOKEN_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3.3.1
+        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3.3.2
         with:
           apiToken: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN }}
           accountId: ${{ secrets.CF_ACCOUNT_ID }}

.github/workflows/pr-comment.yaml

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           workflow: ci.yaml
           pr: ${{ steps.pr-number.outputs.pr-number }}
           path: pr/ecosystem
+          workflow_conclusion: completed
           if_no_artifact_found: ignore
 
       - name: Generate Comment

.github/workflows/pre-commit.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Until Dependabot support is released https://github.com/dependabot/dependabot-core/issues/1524
+name: Pre-commit update
+
+on:
+  # every week on monday
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 * * 1"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  upgrade:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Configure Git
+        run: |
+          git config user.name "$GITHUB_ACTOR"
+          git config user.email "$GITHUB_ACTOR@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+      - name: Run autoupdate
+        run: |
+          pre-commit autoupdate
+
+      - name: Commit and push
+        run: |
+          git add ".pre-commit-config.yaml"
+          git commit -m "Upgrade pre-commit dependencies"
+          git push origin upgrade/pre-commit
+
+      - name: Open pull request
+        run: |
+          gh pr create --fill

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ such that all crates are contained in a flat `crates` directory.
 The vast majority of the code, including all lint rules, lives in the `ruff` crate (located at
 `crates/ruff_linter`). As a contributor, that's the crate that'll be most relevant to you.
 
-At time of writing, the repository includes the following crates:
+At the time of writing, the repository includes the following crates:
 
 - `crates/ruff_linter`: library crate containing all lint rules and the core logic for running them.
     If you're working on a rule, this is the crate for you.
@@ -877,5 +877,5 @@ By default, `src` is set to the project root. In the above example, we'd want to
 `src = ["./src"]` to ensure that we locate `./my_project/src/foo` and thus categorize `import foo`
 as first-party in `baz.py`. In practice, for this limited example, setting `src = ["./src"]` is
 unnecessary, as all imports within `./my_project/src/foo` would be categorized as first-party via
-the same-package heuristic; but your project contains multiple packages, you'll want to set `src`
+the same-package heuristic; but if your project contains multiple packages, you'll want to set `src`
 explicitly.

Cargo.lock

@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.4.6"
+version = "4.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d04704f56c2cde07f43e8e2c154b43f216dc5c92fc98ada720177362f953b956"
+checksum = "ac495e00dcec98c83465d5ad66c5c4fabd652fd6686e7c6269b117e729a6f17b"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -323,9 +323,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.4.6"
+version = "4.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e231faeaca65ebd1ea3c737966bf858971cd38c3849107aa3ea7de90a804e45"
+checksum = "c77ed9a32a62e6ca27175d00d29d05ca32e396ea1eb5fb01d8256b669cec7663"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -376,9 +376,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.4.2"
+version = "4.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0862016ff20d69b84ef8247369fabf5c008a7417002411897d40ee1f4532b873"
+checksum = "cf9804afaaf59a91e75b022a30fb7229a7901f60c755489cc61c9b423b836442"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -388,9 +388,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd7cc57abe963c6d3b9d8be5b06ba7c8957a930305ca90304f24ef040aa6f961"
+checksum = "702fc72eb24e5a1e48ce58027a675bc24edd52096d5397d4aea7c6dd9eca0bd1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clearscreen"
@@ -1262,9 +1262,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.147"
+version = "0.2.149"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4668fb0ea861c1df094127ac5f1da3409a82116a4ba74fca2e58ef927159bb3"
+checksum = "a08173bc88b7955d1b3145aa561539096c421ac8debde8cbc3612ec635fee29b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libcst"
@@ -1309,9 +1309,9 @@ checksum = "0717cef1bc8b636c6e1c1bbdefc09e6322da8a9321966e8928ef80d20f7f770f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57bcfdad1b858c2db7c38303a6d2ad4dfaf5eb53dfeb0910128b2c26d6158503"
+checksum = "da2479e8c062e40bf0066ffa0bc823de0a9368974af99c9f6df941d2c231e03f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
@@ -1801,9 +1801,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyproject-toml"
-version = "0.7.0"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "569e259cd132eb8cec5df8b672d187c5260f82ad352156b5da9549d4472e64b0"
+checksum = "0774c13ff0b8b7ebb4791c050c497aefcfe3f6a222c0829c7017161ed38391ff"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "pep440_rs",
@@ -1912,6 +1912,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4722d768eff46b75989dd134e5c353f0d6296e5aaa3132e776cbdb56be7731aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -2072,7 +2081,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "insta-cmd",
  "is-macro",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
- "itoa",
  "log",
  "mimalloc",
  "notify",
@@ -2551,9 +2559,9 @@ checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.10"
+version = "0.38.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed6248e1caa625eb708e266e06159f135e8c26f2bb7ceb72dc4b2766d0340964"
+checksum = "2b426b0506e5d50a7d8dafcf2e81471400deb602392c7dd110815afb4eaf02a3"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "errno",
@@ -2665,9 +2673,9 @@ checksum = "836fa6a3e1e547f9a2c4040802ec865b5d85f4014efe00555d7090a3dcaa1090"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.188"
+version = "1.0.190"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf9e0fcba69a370eed61bcf2b728575f726b50b55cba78064753d708ddc7549e"
+checksum = "91d3c334ca1ee894a2c6f6ad698fe8c435b76d504b13d436f0685d648d6d96f7"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
@@ -2685,9 +2693,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.188"
+version = "1.0.190"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4eca7ac642d82aa35b60049a6eccb4be6be75e599bd2e9adb5f875a737654af2"
+checksum = "67c5609f394e5c2bd7fc51efda478004ea80ef42fee983d5c67a65e34f32c0e3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2884,13 +2892,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.8.0"
+version = "3.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cb94d2f3cc536af71caac6b6fcebf65860b347e7ce0cc9ebe8f70d3e521054ef"
+checksum = "7ef1adac450ad7f4b3c28589471ade84f25f731a7a0fe30d71dfa9f60fd808e5"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "fastrand",
- "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
+ "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
  "rustix",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
@@ -3323,9 +3331,9 @@ checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.4.1"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79daa5ed5740825c40b389c5e50312b9c86df53fccd33f281df655642b43869d"
+checksum = "88ad59a7560b41a70d191093a945f0b87bc1deeda46fb237479708a1d6b6cdfc"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "rand",
@@ -3335,9 +3343,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid-macro-internal"
-version = "1.4.1"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7e1ba1f333bd65ce3c9f27de592fcbc256dafe3af2717f56d7c87761fbaccf4"
+checksum = "3d8c6bba9b149ee82950daefc9623b32bb1dacbfb1890e352f6b887bd582adaf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",

Cargo.toml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ license = "MIT"
 anyhow = { version = "1.0.69" }
 bitflags = { version = "2.3.1" }
 chrono = { version = "0.4.31", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
-clap = { version = "4.4.6", features = ["derive"] }
+clap = { version = "4.4.7", features = ["derive"] }
 colored = { version = "2.0.0" }
 filetime = { version = "0.2.20" }
 glob = { version = "0.3.1" }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ quote = { version = "1.0.23" }
 regex = { version = "1.10.2" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "1.1.0" }
 schemars = { version = "0.8.15" }
-serde = { version = "1.0.152", features = ["derive"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0.190", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.107" }
 shellexpand = { version = "3.0.0" }
 similar = { version = "2.3.0", features = ["inline"] }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.17", features = ["env-filter"] }
 unicode-ident = { version = "1.0.12" }
 unicode_names2 = { version = "1.2.0" }
 unicode-width = { version = "0.1.11" }
-uuid = { version = "1.4.1", features = ["v4", "fast-rng", "macro-diagnostics", "js"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.5.0", features = ["v4", "fast-rng", "macro-diagnostics", "js"] }
 wsl = { version = "0.1.0" }
 
 [profile.release]

README.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.
 - 🔧 Fix support, for automatic error correction (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)
 - 📏 Over [700 built-in rules](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/), with native re-implementations
     of popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear
-- ⌨️ First-party [editor integrations](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/editor-integrations/) for
+- ⌨️ First-party [editor integrations](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/integrations/) for
     [VS Code](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-vscode) and [more](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-lsp)
 - 🌎 Monorepo-friendly, with [hierarchical and cascading configuration](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/configuration/#pyprojecttoml-discovery)
 

crates/ruff_cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ glob = { workspace = true }
 ignore = { workspace = true }
 is-macro = { workspace = true }
 itertools = { workspace = true }
-itoa = { version = "1.0.6" }
 log = { workspace = true }
 notify = { version = "6.1.1" }
 path-absolutize = { workspace = true, features = ["once_cell_cache"] }
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ assert_cmd = { version = "2.0.8" }
 colored = { workspace = true, features = ["no-color"]}
 insta = { workspace = true, features = ["filters", "json"] }
 insta-cmd = { version = "0.4.0" }
-tempfile = "3.6.0"
+tempfile = "3.8.1"
 test-case = { workspace = true }
 ureq = { version = "2.8.0", features = [] }
 

crates/ruff_cli/src/args.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,11 @@ pub enum Command {
 
         /// Output format
         #[arg(long, value_enum, default_value = "text")]
-        format: HelpFormat,
+        output_format: HelpFormat,
+
+        /// Output format (Deprecated: Use `--output-format` instead).
+        #[arg(long, value_enum, conflicts_with = "output_format", hide = true)]
+        format: Option<HelpFormat>,
     },
     /// List or describe the available configuration options.
     Config { option: Option<String> },
@@ -58,7 +62,11 @@ pub enum Command {
     Linter {
         /// Output format
         #[arg(long, value_enum, default_value = "text")]
-        format: HelpFormat,
+        output_format: HelpFormat,
+
+        /// Output format (Deprecated: Use `--output-format` instead).
+        #[arg(long, value_enum, conflicts_with = "output_format", hide = true)]
+        format: Option<HelpFormat>,
     },
     /// Clear any caches in the current directory and any subdirectories.
     #[clap(alias = "--clean")]
@@ -499,6 +507,7 @@ impl CheckCommand {
                 extend_exclude: self.extend_exclude,
                 extend_fixable: self.extend_fixable,
                 extend_ignore: self.extend_ignore,
+                extend_per_file_ignores: self.extend_per_file_ignores,
                 extend_select: self.extend_select,
                 extend_unfixable: self.extend_unfixable,
                 fixable: self.fixable,
@@ -619,6 +628,7 @@ pub struct CliOverrides {
     pub ignore: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
     pub line_length: Option<LineLength>,
     pub per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
+    pub extend_per_file_ignores: Option<Vec<PatternPrefixPair>>,
     pub preview: Option<PreviewMode>,
     pub respect_gitignore: Option<bool>,
     pub select: Option<Vec<RuleSelector>>,
@@ -649,6 +659,12 @@ impl ConfigurationTransformer for CliOverrides {
         if let Some(extend_exclude) = &self.extend_exclude {
             config.extend_exclude.extend(extend_exclude.clone());
         }
+        if let Some(extend_per_file_ignores) = &self.extend_per_file_ignores {
+            config
+                .lint
+                .extend_per_file_ignores
+                .extend(collect_per_file_ignores(extend_per_file_ignores.clone()));
+        }
         if let Some(fix) = &self.fix {
             config.fix = Some(*fix);
         }

crates/ruff_cli/src/cache.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::hash::Hasher;
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use ruff_cache::{CacheKey, CacheKeyHasher};
 use ruff_diagnostics::{DiagnosticKind, Fix};
 use ruff_linter::message::Message;
-use ruff_linter::warn_user;
+use ruff_linter::{warn_user, VERSION};
 use ruff_macros::CacheKey;
 use ruff_notebook::NotebookIndex;
 use ruff_python_ast::imports::ImportMap;
@@ -102,9 +101,8 @@ impl Cache {
     pub(crate) fn open(package_root: PathBuf, settings: &Settings) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(package_root.is_absolute(), "package root not canonicalized");
 
-        let mut buf = itoa::Buffer::new();
-        let key = Path::new(buf.format(cache_key(&package_root, settings)));
-        let path = PathBuf::from_iter([&settings.cache_dir, Path::new("content"), key]);
+        let key = format!("{}", cache_key(&package_root, settings));
+        let path = PathBuf::from_iter([&settings.cache_dir, Path::new(VERSION), Path::new(&key)]);
 
         let file = match File::open(&path) {
             Ok(file) => file,
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ impl Cache {
     fn empty(path: PathBuf, package_root: PathBuf) -> Self {
         let package = PackageCache {
             package_root,
-            files: HashMap::new(),
+            files: FxHashMap::default(),
         };
         Cache::new(path, package)
     }
@@ -294,7 +292,7 @@ struct PackageCache {
     /// single file "packages", e.g. scripts.
     package_root: PathBuf,
     /// Mapping of source file path to it's cached data.
-    files: HashMap<RelativePathBuf, FileCache>,
+    files: FxHashMap<RelativePathBuf, FileCache>,
 }
 
 /// On disk representation of the cache per source file.
@@ -350,16 +348,16 @@ struct FileCacheData {
 /// version.
 fn cache_key(package_root: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> u64 {
     let mut hasher = CacheKeyHasher::new();
-    env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION").cache_key(&mut hasher);
     package_root.cache_key(&mut hasher);
     settings.cache_key(&mut hasher);
+
     hasher.finish()
 }
 
 /// Initialize the cache at the specified `Path`.
 pub(crate) fn init(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
     // Create the cache directories.
-    fs::create_dir_all(path.join("content"))?;
+    fs::create_dir_all(path.join(VERSION))?;
 
     // Add the CACHEDIR.TAG.
     if !cachedir::is_tagged(path)? {

crates/ruff_cli/src/commands/check.rs

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check(
 
                 let settings = resolver.resolve(path, pyproject_config);
 
-                if !resolved_file.is_root()
+                if (settings.file_resolver.force_exclude || !resolved_file.is_root())
                     && match_exclusion(
                         resolved_file.path(),
                         resolved_file.file_name(),

crates/ruff_cli/src/commands/check_stdin.rs

@@ -18,17 +18,19 @@ pub(crate) fn check_stdin(
     noqa: flags::Noqa,
     fix_mode: flags::FixMode,
 ) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
-    if let Some(filename) = filename {
-        if !python_file_at_path(filename, pyproject_config, overrides)? {
-            return Ok(Diagnostics::default());
-        }
+    if pyproject_config.settings.file_resolver.force_exclude {
+        if let Some(filename) = filename {
+            if !python_file_at_path(filename, pyproject_config, overrides)? {
+                return Ok(Diagnostics::default());
+            }
 
-        let lint_settings = &pyproject_config.settings.linter;
-        if filename
-            .file_name()
-            .is_some_and(|name| match_exclusion(filename, name, &lint_settings.exclude))
-        {
-            return Ok(Diagnostics::default());
+            let lint_settings = &pyproject_config.settings.linter;
+            if filename
+                .file_name()
+                .is_some_and(|name| match_exclusion(filename, name, &lint_settings.exclude))
+            {
+                return Ok(Diagnostics::default());
+            }
         }
     }
     let package_root = filename.and_then(Path::parent).and_then(|path| {

crates/ruff_cli/src/commands/format.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use log::{error, warn};
 use rayon::iter::Either::{Left, Right};
 use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelRefIterator, ParallelIterator};
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::debug;
 
@@ -116,14 +117,14 @@ pub(crate) fn format(
                         return None;
                     };
 
-                    let resolved_settings = resolver.resolve(path, &pyproject_config);
+                    let settings = resolver.resolve(path, &pyproject_config);
 
                     // Ignore files that are excluded from formatting
-                    if !resolved_file.is_root()
+                    if (settings.file_resolver.force_exclude || !resolved_file.is_root())
                         && match_exclusion(
                             path,
                             resolved_file.file_name(),
-                            &resolved_settings.formatter.exclude,
+                            &settings.formatter.exclude,
                         )
                     {
                         return None;
@@ -138,13 +139,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format(
 
                     Some(
                         match catch_unwind(|| {
-                            format_path(
-                                path,
-                                &resolved_settings.formatter,
-                                source_type,
-                                mode,
-                                cache,
-                            )
+                            format_path(path, &settings.formatter, source_type, mode, cache)
                         }) {
                             Ok(inner) => inner.map(|result| FormatPathResult {
                                 path: resolved_file.path().to_path_buf(),
@@ -695,11 +690,11 @@ pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(
     pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
     resolver: Option<&Resolver>,
 ) {
+    // First, collect all rules that are incompatible regardless of the linter-specific settings.
+    let mut incompatible_rules = FxHashSet::default();
     for setting in std::iter::once(&pyproject_config.settings)
         .chain(resolver.iter().flat_map(|resolver| resolver.settings()))
     {
-        let mut incompatible_rules = Vec::new();
-
         for rule in [
             // The formatter might collapse implicit string concatenation on a single line.
             Rule::SingleLineImplicitStringConcatenation,
@@ -713,41 +708,48 @@ pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(
             Rule::MissingTrailingComma,
         ] {
             if setting.linter.rules.enabled(rule) {
-                incompatible_rules.push(rule);
+                incompatible_rules.insert(rule);
             }
         }
+    }
 
-        // Rules asserting for space indentation
-        if setting.formatter.indent_style.is_tab() {
-            for rule in [Rule::TabIndentation, Rule::IndentWithSpaces] {
-                if setting.linter.rules.enabled(rule) {
-                    incompatible_rules.push(rule);
-                }
-            }
+    if !incompatible_rules.is_empty() {
+        let mut rule_names: Vec<_> = incompatible_rules
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|rule| format!("`{}`", rule.noqa_code()))
+            .collect();
+        rule_names.sort();
+        warn_user_once!("The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: {}. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding them to the `ignore` configuration.", rule_names.join(", "));
+    }
+
+    // Next, validate settings-specific incompatibilities.
+    for setting in std::iter::once(&pyproject_config.settings)
+        .chain(resolver.iter().flat_map(|resolver| resolver.settings()))
+    {
+        // Validate all rules that rely on tab styles.
+        if setting.linter.rules.enabled(Rule::TabIndentation)
+            && setting.formatter.indent_style.is_tab()
+        {
+            warn_user_once!("The `format.indent-style=\"tab\"` option is incompatible with `W191`, which lints against all uses of tabs. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation style. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-style` option to `\"space\"`.");
         }
 
-        // Rules asserting for indent-width=4
-        if setting.formatter.indent_width.value() != 4 {
-            for rule in [
-                Rule::IndentationWithInvalidMultiple,
-                Rule::IndentationWithInvalidMultipleComment,
-            ] {
-                if setting.linter.rules.enabled(rule) {
-                    incompatible_rules.push(rule);
-                }
-            }
+        // Validate all rules that rely on tab styles.
+        if setting.linter.rules.enabled(Rule::IndentWithSpaces)
+            && setting.formatter.indent_style.is_tab()
+        {
+            warn_user_once!("The `format.indent-style=\"tab\"` option is incompatible with `D206`, with requires space-based indentation. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation style. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-style` option to `\"space\"`.");
         }
 
-        if !incompatible_rules.is_empty() {
-            let mut rule_names: Vec<_> = incompatible_rules
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|rule| format!("`{}`", rule.noqa_code()))
-                .collect();
-            rule_names.sort();
-            warn!("The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: {}. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding then to the `ignore` configuration.", rule_names.join(", "));
+        // Validate all rules that rely on custom indent widths.
+        if setting.linter.rules.any_enabled(&[
+            Rule::IndentationWithInvalidMultiple,
+            Rule::IndentationWithInvalidMultipleComment,
+        ]) && setting.formatter.indent_width.value() != 4
+        {
+            warn_user_once!("The `format.indent-width` option with a value other than 4 is incompatible with `E111` and `E114`. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation width. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-width` option to `4`.");
         }
 
-        // Rules with different quote styles.
+        // Validate all rules that rely on quote styles.
         if setting
             .linter
             .rules
@@ -758,10 +760,10 @@ pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(
                 setting.formatter.quote_style,
             ) {
                 (Quote::Double, QuoteStyle::Single) => {
-                    warn!("The `flake8-quotes.inline-quotes=\"double\"` option is incompatible with the formatter's `format.quote-style=\"single\"`. We recommend disabling `Q000` and `Q003` when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent quote style. Alternatively, set both options to either `\"single\"` or `\"double\"`.");
+                    warn_user_once!("The `flake8-quotes.inline-quotes=\"double\"` option is incompatible with the formatter's `format.quote-style=\"single\"`. We recommend disabling `Q000` and `Q003` when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent quote style. Alternatively, set both options to either `\"single\"` or `\"double\"`.");
                 }
                 (Quote::Single, QuoteStyle::Double) => {
-                    warn!("The `flake8-quotes.inline-quotes=\"single\"` option is incompatible with the formatter's `format.quote-style=\"double\"`. We recommend disabling `Q000` and `Q003` when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent quote style. Alternatively, set both options to either `\"single\"` or `\"double\"`.");
+                    warn_user_once!("The `flake8-quotes.inline-quotes=\"single\"` option is incompatible with the formatter's `format.quote-style=\"double\"`. We recommend disabling `Q000` and `Q003` when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent quote style. Alternatively, set both options to either `\"single\"` or `\"double\"`.");
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
@@ -770,25 +772,26 @@ pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(
         if setting.linter.rules.enabled(Rule::BadQuotesMultilineString)
             && setting.linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes == Quote::Single
         {
-            warn!("The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes=\"single\"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q001` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for multiline strings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes` option to `\"double\"`.`");
+            warn_user_once!("The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes=\"single\"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q001` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for multiline strings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes` option to `\"double\"`.`");
         }
 
         if setting.linter.rules.enabled(Rule::BadQuotesDocstring)
             && setting.linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes == Quote::Single
         {
-            warn!("The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes=\"single\"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q002` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for docstrings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.docstring-quotes` option to `\"double\"`.`");
+            warn_user_once!("The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes=\"single\"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q002` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for docstrings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.docstring-quotes` option to `\"double\"`.`");
         }
 
+        // Validate all isort settings.
         if setting.linter.rules.enabled(Rule::UnsortedImports) {
             // The formatter removes empty lines if the value is larger than 2 but always inserts a empty line after imports.
             // Two empty lines are okay because `isort` only uses this setting for top-level imports (not in nested blocks).
             if !matches!(setting.linter.isort.lines_after_imports, 1 | 2 | -1) {
-                warn!("The isort option `isort.lines-after-imports` with a value other than `-1`, `1` or `2` is incompatible with the formatter. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend setting the option to one of: `2`, `1`, or `-1` (default).");
+                warn_user_once!("The isort option `isort.lines-after-imports` with a value other than `-1`, `1` or `2` is incompatible with the formatter. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend setting the option to one of: `2`, `1`, or `-1` (default).");
             }
 
             // Values larger than two get reduced to one line by the formatter if the import is in a nested block.
             if setting.linter.isort.lines_between_types > 1 {
-                warn!("The isort option `isort.lines-between-types` with a value greater than 1 is incompatible with the formatter. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend setting the option to one of: `1` or `0` (default).");
+                warn_user_once!("The isort option `isort.lines-between-types` with a value greater than 1 is incompatible with the formatter. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend setting the option to one of: `1` or `0` (default).");
             }
 
             // isort inserts a trailing comma which the formatter preserves, but only if `skip-magic-trailing-comma` isn't false.
@@ -797,11 +800,11 @@ pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(
                 && !setting.linter.isort.force_single_line
             {
                 if setting.linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases {
-                    warn!("The isort option `isort.force-wrap-aliases` is incompatible with the formatter `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=true` option. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend either setting `isort.force-wrap-aliases=false` or `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=false`.");
+                    warn_user_once!("The isort option `isort.force-wrap-aliases` is incompatible with the formatter `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=true` option. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend either setting `isort.force-wrap-aliases=false` or `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=false`.");
                 }
 
                 if setting.linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma {
-                    warn!("The isort option `isort.split-on-trailing-comma` is incompatible with the formatter `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=true` option. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend either setting `isort.split-on-trailing-comma=false` or `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=false`.");
+                    warn_user_once!("The isort option `isort.split-on-trailing-comma` is incompatible with the formatter `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=true` option. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend either setting `isort.split-on-trailing-comma=false` or `format.skip-magic-trailing-comma=false`.");
                 }
             }
         }

crates/ruff_cli/src/commands/format_stdin.rs

@@ -31,17 +31,19 @@ pub(crate) fn format_stdin(cli: &FormatArguments, overrides: &CliOverrides) -> R
 
     let mode = FormatMode::from_cli(cli);
 
-    if let Some(filename) = cli.stdin_filename.as_deref() {
-        if !python_file_at_path(filename, &pyproject_config, overrides)? {
-            return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
-        }
+    if pyproject_config.settings.file_resolver.force_exclude {
+        if let Some(filename) = cli.stdin_filename.as_deref() {
+            if !python_file_at_path(filename, &pyproject_config, overrides)? {
+                return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
+            }
 
-        let format_settings = &pyproject_config.settings.formatter;
-        if filename
-            .file_name()
-            .is_some_and(|name| match_exclusion(filename, name, &format_settings.exclude))
-        {
-            return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
+            let format_settings = &pyproject_config.settings.formatter;
+            if filename
+                .file_name()
+                .is_some_and(|name| match_exclusion(filename, name, &format_settings.exclude))
+            {
+                return Ok(ExitStatus::Success);
+            }
         }
     }
 

crates/ruff_cli/src/diagnostics.rs

@@ -188,13 +188,8 @@ pub(crate) fn lint_path(
     unsafe_fixes: UnsafeFixes,
 ) -> Result<Diagnostics> {
     // Check the cache.
-    // TODO(charlie): `fixer::Mode::Apply` and `fixer::Mode::Diff` both have
-    // side-effects that aren't captured in the cache. (In practice, it's fine
-    // to cache `fixer::Mode::Apply`, since a file either has no fixes, or we'll
-    // write the fixes to disk, thus invalidating the cache. But it's a bit hard
-    // to reason about. We need to come up with a better solution here.)
     let caching = match cache {
-        Some(cache) if noqa.into() && fix_mode.is_generate() => {
+        Some(cache) if noqa.into() => {
             let relative_path = cache
                 .relative_path(path)
                 .expect("wrong package cache for file");
@@ -204,7 +199,17 @@ pub(crate) fn lint_path(
                 .get(relative_path, &cache_key)
                 .and_then(|entry| entry.to_diagnostics(path));
             if let Some(diagnostics) = cached_diagnostics {
-                return Ok(diagnostics);
+                // `FixMode::Generate` and `FixMode::Diff` rely on side-effects (writing to disk,
+                // and writing the diff to stdout, respectively). If a file has diagnostics, we
+                // need to avoid reading from and writing to the cache in these modes.
+                if match fix_mode {
+                    flags::FixMode::Generate => true,
+                    flags::FixMode::Apply | flags::FixMode::Diff => {
+                        diagnostics.messages.is_empty() && diagnostics.fixed.is_empty()
+                    }
+                } {
+                    return Ok(diagnostics);
+                }
             }
 
             // Stash the file metadata for later so when we update the cache it reflects the prerun
@@ -304,15 +309,25 @@ pub(crate) fn lint_path(
     if let Some((cache, relative_path, key)) = caching {
         // We don't cache parsing errors.
         if parse_error.is_none() {
-            cache.update_lint(
-                relative_path.to_owned(),
-                &key,
-                LintCacheData::from_messages(
-                    &messages,
-                    imports.clone(),
-                    source_kind.as_ipy_notebook().map(Notebook::index).cloned(),
-                ),
-            );
+            // `FixMode::Generate` and `FixMode::Diff` rely on side-effects (writing to disk,
+            // and writing the diff to stdout, respectively). If a file has diagnostics, we
+            // need to avoid reading from and writing to the cache in these modes.
+            if match fix_mode {
+                flags::FixMode::Generate => true,
+                flags::FixMode::Apply | flags::FixMode::Diff => {
+                    messages.is_empty() && fixed.is_empty()
+                }
+            } {
+                cache.update_lint(
+                    relative_path.to_owned(),
+                    &key,
+                    LintCacheData::from_messages(
+                        &messages,
+                        imports.clone(),
+                        source_kind.as_ipy_notebook().map(Notebook::index).cloned(),
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
         }
     }
 

crates/ruff_cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use ruff_linter::settings::types::SerializationFormat;
 use ruff_linter::{fs, warn_user, warn_user_once};
 use ruff_workspace::Settings;
 
-use crate::args::{Args, CheckCommand, Command, FormatCommand};
+use crate::args::{Args, CheckCommand, Command, FormatCommand, HelpFormat};
 use crate::printer::{Flags as PrinterFlags, Printer};
 
 pub mod args;
@@ -101,6 +101,15 @@ fn is_stdin(files: &[PathBuf], stdin_filename: Option<&Path>) -> bool {
     file == Path::new("-")
 }
 
+/// Get the actual value of the `format` desired from either `output_format`
+/// or `format`, and warn the user if they're using the deprecated form.
+fn resolve_help_output_format(output_format: HelpFormat, format: Option<HelpFormat>) -> HelpFormat {
+    if format.is_some() {
+        warn_user!("The `--format` argument is deprecated. Use `--output-format` instead.");
+    }
+    format.unwrap_or(output_format)
+}
+
 pub fn run(
     Args {
         command,
@@ -141,12 +150,18 @@ pub fn run(
             commands::version::version(output_format)?;
             Ok(ExitStatus::Success)
         }
-        Command::Rule { rule, all, format } => {
+        Command::Rule {
+            rule,
+            all,
+            format,
+            mut output_format,
+        } => {
+            output_format = resolve_help_output_format(output_format, format);
             if all {
-                commands::rule::rules(format)?;
+                commands::rule::rules(output_format)?;
             }
             if let Some(rule) = rule {
-                commands::rule::rule(rule, format)?;
+                commands::rule::rule(rule, output_format)?;
             }
             Ok(ExitStatus::Success)
         }
@@ -154,8 +169,12 @@ pub fn run(
             commands::config::config(option.as_deref())?;
             Ok(ExitStatus::Success)
         }
-        Command::Linter { format } => {
-            commands::linter::linter(format)?;
+        Command::Linter {
+            format,
+            mut output_format,
+        } => {
+            output_format = resolve_help_output_format(output_format, format);
+            commands::linter::linter(output_format)?;
             Ok(ExitStatus::Success)
         }
         Command::Clean => {

crates/ruff_cli/tests/format.rs

@@ -188,6 +188,73 @@ OTHER = "OTHER"
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn force_exclude() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &ruff_toml,
+        r#"
+extend-exclude = ["out"]
+
+[format]
+exclude = ["test.py", "generated.py"]
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    fs::write(
+        tempdir.path().join("main.py"),
+        r#"
+from test import say_hy
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    // Excluded file but passed to the CLI directly, should be formatted
+    let test_path = tempdir.path().join("test.py");
+    fs::write(
+        &test_path,
+        r#"
+def say_hy(name: str):
+        print(f"Hy {name}")"#,
+    )?;
+
+    fs::write(
+        tempdir.path().join("generated.py"),
+        r#"NUMBERS = [
+     0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,
+    10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
+]
+OTHER = "OTHER"
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    let out_dir = tempdir.path().join("out");
+    fs::create_dir(&out_dir)?;
+
+    fs::write(out_dir.join("a.py"), "a = a")?;
+
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .current_dir(tempdir.path())
+        .args(["format", "--no-cache", "--force-exclude", "--check", "--config"])
+        .arg(ruff_toml.file_name().unwrap())
+        // Explicitly pass test.py, should be respect the `format.exclude` when `--force-exclude` is present
+        .arg(test_path.file_name().unwrap())
+        // Format all other files in the directory, should respect the `exclude` and `format.exclude` options
+        .arg("."), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    Would reformat: main.py
+    1 file would be reformatted
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn exclude_stdin() -> Result<()> {
     let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
@@ -209,6 +276,43 @@ exclude = ["generated.py"]
         .pass_stdin(r#"
 from test import say_hy
 
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
+"#), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    from test import say_hy
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn force_exclude_stdin() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &ruff_toml,
+        r#"
+extend-select = ["B", "Q"]
+ignore = ["Q000", "Q001", "Q002", "Q003"]
+
+[format]
+exclude = ["generated.py"]
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .current_dir(tempdir.path())
+        .args(["format", "--config", &ruff_toml.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy(), "--stdin-filename", "generated.py", "--force-exclude", "-"])
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+from test import say_hy
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
 "#), @r###"
@@ -275,7 +379,7 @@ if condition:
     	print('Should change quotes')
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding then to the `ignore` configuration.
+    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding them to the `ignore` configuration.
     "###);
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -403,7 +507,9 @@ def say_hy(name: str):
     1 file reformatted
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`, `D206`, `ISC001`, `W191`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding then to the `ignore` configuration.
+    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`, `ISC001`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding them to the `ignore` configuration.
+    warning: The `format.indent-style="tab"` option is incompatible with `W191`, which lints against all uses of tabs. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation style. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-style` option to `"space"`.
+    warning: The `format.indent-style="tab"` option is incompatible with `D206`, with requires space-based indentation. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation style. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-style` option to `"space"`.
     warning: The `flake8-quotes.inline-quotes="single"` option is incompatible with the formatter's `format.quote-style="double"`. We recommend disabling `Q000` and `Q003` when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent quote style. Alternatively, set both options to either `"single"` or `"double"`.
     warning: The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes="single"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q001` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for multiline strings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes` option to `"double"`.`
     warning: The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes="single"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q002` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for docstrings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.docstring-quotes` option to `"double"`.`
@@ -460,7 +566,9 @@ def say_hy(name: str):
     	print(f"Hy {name}")
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`, `D206`, `ISC001`, `W191`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding then to the `ignore` configuration.
+    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`, `ISC001`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding them to the `ignore` configuration.
+    warning: The `format.indent-style="tab"` option is incompatible with `W191`, which lints against all uses of tabs. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation style. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-style` option to `"space"`.
+    warning: The `format.indent-style="tab"` option is incompatible with `D206`, with requires space-based indentation. We recommend disabling these rules when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent indentation style. Alternatively, set the `format.indent-style` option to `"space"`.
     warning: The `flake8-quotes.inline-quotes="single"` option is incompatible with the formatter's `format.quote-style="double"`. We recommend disabling `Q000` and `Q003` when using the formatter, which enforces a consistent quote style. Alternatively, set both options to either `"single"` or `"double"`.
     warning: The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes="single"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q001` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for multiline strings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes` option to `"double"`.`
     warning: The `flake8-quotes.multiline-quotes="single"` option is incompatible with the formatter. We recommend disabling `Q002` when using the formatter, which enforces double quotes for docstrings. Alternatively, set the `flake8-quotes.docstring-quotes` option to `"double"`.`
@@ -556,7 +664,7 @@ def say_hy(name: str):
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: `one-blank-line-before-class` (D203) and `no-blank-line-before-class` (D211) are incompatible. Ignoring `one-blank-line-before-class`.
     warning: `multi-line-summary-first-line` (D212) and `multi-line-summary-second-line` (D213) are incompatible. Ignoring `multi-line-summary-second-line`.
-    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`, `ISC001`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding then to the `ignore` configuration.
+    warning: The following rules may cause conflicts when used with the formatter: `COM812`, `ISC001`. To avoid unexpected behavior, we recommend disabling these rules, either by removing them from the `select` or `extend-select` configuration, or adding them to the `ignore` configuration.
     "###);
     Ok(())
 }

crates/ruff_cli/tests/lint.rs

@@ -262,9 +262,13 @@ from test import say_hy
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
 "#), @r###"
-    success: true
-    exit_code: 0
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
     ----- stdout -----
+    generated.py:4:16: Q000 [*] Double quotes found but single quotes preferred
+    generated.py:5:12: Q000 [*] Double quotes found but single quotes preferred
+    Found 2 errors.
+    [*] 2 fixable with the `--fix` option.
 
     ----- stderr -----
     "###);
@@ -308,3 +312,87 @@ _ = "---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     "###);
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn per_file_ignores_stdin() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &ruff_toml,
+        r#"
+extend-select = ["B", "Q"]
+
+[lint.flake8-quotes]
+inline-quotes = "single"
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .current_dir(tempdir.path())
+        .arg("check")
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .args(["--config", &ruff_toml.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy()])
+        .args(["--stdin-filename", "generated.py"])
+        .args(["--per-file-ignores", "generated.py:Q"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+import os
+
+from test import say_hy
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    generated.py:2:8: F401 [*] `os` imported but unused
+    Found 1 error.
+    [*] 1 fixable with the `--fix` option.
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn extend_per_file_ignores_stdin() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let ruff_toml = tempdir.path().join("ruff.toml");
+    fs::write(
+        &ruff_toml,
+        r#"
+extend-select = ["B", "Q"]
+
+[lint.flake8-quotes]
+inline-quotes = "single"
+"#,
+    )?;
+
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .current_dir(tempdir.path())
+        .arg("check")
+        .args(STDIN_BASE_OPTIONS)
+        .args(["--config", &ruff_toml.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy()])
+        .args(["--stdin-filename", "generated.py"])
+        .args(["--extend-per-file-ignores", "generated.py:Q"])
+        .arg("-")
+        .pass_stdin(r#"
+import os
+
+from test import say_hy
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
+"#), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+    generated.py:2:8: F401 [*] `os` imported but unused
+    Found 1 error.
+    [*] 1 fixable with the `--fix` option.
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/ruff_dev/Cargo.toml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ serde_json = { workspace = true }
 similar = { workspace = true }
 strum = { workspace = true }
 strum_macros = { workspace = true }
-tempfile = "3.6.0"
+tempfile = "3.8.1"
 toml = { workspace = true, features = ["parse"] }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 tracing-indicatif = { workspace = true }

crates/ruff_dev/src/generate_options.rs

@@ -128,7 +128,11 @@ fn emit_field(output: &mut String, name: &str, field: &OptionField, parent_set:
     output.push_str(&format!(
         "**Example usage**:\n\n```toml\n[tool.ruff{}]\n{}\n```\n",
         if let Some(set_name) = parent_set.name() {
-            format!(".{set_name}")
+            if set_name == "format" {
+                String::from(".format")
+            } else {
+                format!(".lint.{set_name}")
+            }
         } else {
             String::new()
         },

crates/ruff_dev/src/generate_rules_table.rs

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub(crate) fn generate() -> String {
     table_out.push('\n');
 
     table_out.push_str(&format!(
-        "The {PREVIEW_SYMBOL} emoji indicates that a rule in [\"preview\"](faq.md#what-is-preview)."
+        "The {PREVIEW_SYMBOL} emoji indicates that a rule is in [\"preview\"](faq.md#what-is-preview)."
     ));
     table_out.push('\n');
     table_out.push('\n');

crates/ruff_linter/Cargo.toml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ path-absolutize = { workspace = true, features = [
 ] }
 pathdiff = { version = "0.2.1" }
 pep440_rs = { version = "0.3.12", features = ["serde"] }
-pyproject-toml = { version = "0.7.0" }
+pyproject-toml = { version = "0.8.0" }
 quick-junit = { version = "0.3.2" }
 regex = { workspace = true }
 result-like = { version = "0.4.6" }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pretty_assertions = "1.3.0"
 test-case = { workspace = true }
 # Disable colored output in tests
 colored = { workspace = true, features = ["no-color"] }
-tempfile = "3.6.0"
+tempfile = "3.8.1"
 
 [features]
 default = []

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/isort/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 88
 
-[tool.ruff.isort]
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 lines-after-imports = 3
 lines-between-types = 2
 known-local-folder = ["ruff"]

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/E21.py

@@ -12,3 +12,19 @@ dict['key'] = list[index]
 # This is not prohibited by PEP8, but avoid it.
 class Foo (Bar, Baz):
     pass
+
+
+def fetch_name () -> Union[str, None]:
+    """Fetch name from --person-name in sys.argv.
+
+   Returns:
+        name of the person if available, otherwise None
+    """
+    test = len(5)
+    Logger.info(test)
+    # test commented code
+    # Logger.info("test code")
+    for i in range (0, len (sys.argv)) :
+        if sys.argv[i] == "--name" :
+            return sys.argv[i + 1]
+    return None

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/E23.py

@@ -40,5 +40,11 @@ f"{(a:=1)}"
 f"{(lambda x:x)}"
 f"normal{f"{a:.3f}"}normal"
 
+#: Okay
+snapshot.file_uri[len(f's3://{self.s3_bucket_name}/'):]
+
+#: E231
+{len(f's3://{self.s3_bucket_name}/'):1}
+
 #: Okay
 a = (1,

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/bad_dunder_method_name.py

@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ class Apples:
     def __html__(self):
         pass
 
+    # Allow Python's __index__
+    def __index__(self):
+        pass
+
     # Allow _missing_, used by enum.Enum.
     @classmethod
     def _missing_(cls, value):

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/bad_open_mode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import pathlib
+
+NAME = "foo.bar"
+open(NAME, "wb")
+open(NAME, "w", encoding="utf-8")
+open(NAME, "rb")
+open(NAME, "x", encoding="utf-8")
+open(NAME, "br")
+open(NAME, "+r", encoding="utf-8")
+open(NAME, "xb")
+open(NAME, "rwx")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, mode="rwx")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "rwx", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "rr", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "+", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "xw", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "ab+")
+open(NAME, "a+b")
+open(NAME, "+ab")
+open(NAME, "+rUb")
+open(NAME, "x+b")
+open(NAME, "Ua", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "Ur++", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]
+open(NAME, "Ut", encoding="utf-8")
+open(NAME, "Ubr")
+
+mode = "rw"
+open(NAME, mode)
+
+pathlib.Path(NAME).open("wb")
+pathlib.Path(NAME).open(mode)
+pathlib.Path(NAME).open("rwx")  # [bad-open-mode]
+pathlib.Path(NAME).open(mode="rwx")  # [bad-open-mode]
+pathlib.Path(NAME).open("rwx", encoding="utf-8")  # [bad-open-mode]

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/import_outside_top_level.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+# Verify that statements nested in conditionals (such as top-level type-checking blocks)
+# are still considered top-level
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import string
+
+
+def import_in_function():
+    import symtable  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+    import os, sys  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+    import time as thyme  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+    import random as rand, socket as sock  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+    from collections import defaultdict # [import-outside-toplevel]
+    from math import sin as sign, cos as cosplay  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+
+
+class ClassWithImports:
+    import tokenize  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        import trace  # [import-outside-toplevel]

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/useless_with_lock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import threading
+from threading import Lock, RLock, Condition, Semaphore, BoundedSemaphore
+
+
+with threading.Lock():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with Lock():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with threading.Lock() as this_shouldnt_matter:  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with threading.RLock():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with RLock():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with threading.Condition():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with Condition():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with threading.Semaphore():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with Semaphore():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with threading.BoundedSemaphore():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+with BoundedSemaphore():  # [useless-with-lock]
+    ...
+
+lock = threading.Lock()
+with lock:  # this is ok
+    ...
+
+rlock = threading.RLock()
+with rlock:  # this is ok
+    ...
+
+cond = threading.Condition()
+with cond:  # this is ok
+    ...
+
+sem = threading.Semaphore()
+with sem:  # this is ok
+    ...
+
+b_sem = threading.BoundedSemaphore()
+with b_sem:  # this is ok
+    ...

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ extend-exclude = [
   "migrations",
   "with_excluded_file/other_excluded_file.py",
 ]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
 per-file-ignores = { "__init__.py" = ["F401"] }

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/refurb/FURB168.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+foo: object
+
+# Errors.
+
+if isinstance(foo, type(None)):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (type(None))):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (type(None), type(None), type(None))):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, None | None):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (None | None)):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, None | type(None)):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (None | type(None))):
+    pass
+
+# A bit contrived, but is both technically valid and equivalent to the above.
+if isinstance(foo, (type(None) | ((((type(None))))) | ((None | type(None))))):
+    pass
+
+
+# Okay.
+
+if isinstance(foo, int):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (int)):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (int, str)):
+    pass
+
+if isinstance(foo, (int, type(None), str)):
+    pass
+
+# This is a TypeError, which the rule ignores.
+if isinstance(foo, None):
+    pass
+
+# This is also a TypeError, which the rule ignores.
+if isinstance(foo, (None,)):
+    pass

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/project/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 [tool.ruff]
 src = [".", "python_modules/*"]
 exclude = ["examples/excluded"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
 extend-select = ["I001"]
 extend-ignore = ["F841"]

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/definitions.rs

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
                 expr.start(),
             ));
 
-            if pydocstyle::helpers::should_ignore_docstring(expr) {
+            if expr.implicit_concatenated {
                 #[allow(deprecated)]
                 let location = checker.locator.compute_source_location(expr.start());
                 warn_user!(

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, ExprContext, Operator};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr, ExprContext, Operator};
 use ruff_python_literal::cformat::{CFormatError, CFormatErrorType};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
@@ -363,20 +363,18 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             ]) {
                 if let Expr::Attribute(ast::ExprAttribute { value, attr, .. }) = func.as_ref() {
                     let attr = attr.as_str();
-                    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                        value: Constant::Str(val),
-                        ..
-                    }) = value.as_ref()
+                    if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: string, .. }) =
+                        value.as_ref()
                     {
                         if attr == "join" {
                             // "...".join(...) call
                             if checker.enabled(Rule::StaticJoinToFString) {
-                                flynt::rules::static_join_to_fstring(checker, expr, val);
+                                flynt::rules::static_join_to_fstring(checker, expr, string);
                             }
                         } else if attr == "format" {
                             // "...".format(...) call
                             let location = expr.range();
-                            match pyflakes::format::FormatSummary::try_from(val.as_ref()) {
+                            match pyflakes::format::FormatSummary::try_from(string.as_ref()) {
                                 Err(e) => {
                                     if checker.enabled(Rule::StringDotFormatInvalidFormat) {
                                         checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
@@ -421,7 +419,7 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
 
                             if checker.enabled(Rule::BadStringFormatCharacter) {
                                 pylint::rules::bad_string_format_character::call(
-                                    checker, val, location,
+                                    checker, string, location,
                                 );
                             }
                         }
@@ -749,6 +747,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::SysExitAlias) {
                 pylint::rules::sys_exit_alias(checker, func);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::BadOpenMode) {
+                pylint::rules::bad_open_mode(checker, call);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::BadStrStripCall) {
                 pylint::rules::bad_str_strip_call(checker, func, args);
             }
@@ -908,6 +909,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ExceptionWithoutExcInfo) {
                 flake8_logging::rules::exception_without_exc_info(checker, call);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::IsinstanceTypeNone) {
+                refurb::rules::isinstance_type_none(checker, call);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ImplicitCwd) {
                 refurb::rules::no_implicit_cwd(checker, call);
             }
@@ -987,11 +991,7 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             right,
             range: _,
         }) => {
-            if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }),
-                ..
-            }) = left.as_ref()
-            {
+            if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = left.as_ref() {
                 if checker.any_enabled(&[
                     Rule::PercentFormatInvalidFormat,
                     Rule::PercentFormatExpectedMapping,
@@ -1228,38 +1228,29 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
                 refurb::rules::single_item_membership_test(checker, expr, left, ops, comparators);
             }
         }
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Int(_) | Constant::Float(_) | Constant::Complex { .. },
-            range: _,
-        }) => {
+        Expr::NumberLiteral(_) => {
             if checker.source_type.is_stub() && checker.enabled(Rule::NumericLiteralTooLong) {
                 flake8_pyi::rules::numeric_literal_too_long(checker, expr);
             }
         }
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Bytes(_),
-            range: _,
-        }) => {
+        Expr::BytesLiteral(_) => {
             if checker.source_type.is_stub() && checker.enabled(Rule::StringOrBytesTooLong) {
                 flake8_pyi::rules::string_or_bytes_too_long(checker, expr);
             }
         }
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Str(value),
-            range: _,
-        }) => {
+        Expr::StringLiteral(string) => {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::HardcodedBindAllInterfaces) {
                 if let Some(diagnostic) =
-                    flake8_bandit::rules::hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces(value, expr.range())
+                    flake8_bandit::rules::hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces(string)
                 {
                     checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
                 }
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::HardcodedTempFile) {
-                flake8_bandit::rules::hardcoded_tmp_directory(checker, expr, value);
+                flake8_bandit::rules::hardcoded_tmp_directory(checker, string);
             }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnicodeKindPrefix) {
-                pyupgrade::rules::unicode_kind_prefix(checker, expr, value.unicode);
+                pyupgrade::rules::unicode_kind_prefix(checker, string);
             }
             if checker.source_type.is_stub() {
                 if checker.enabled(Rule::StringOrBytesTooLong) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs

@@ -530,6 +530,9 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile) {
                 pycodestyle::rules::module_import_not_at_top_of_file(checker, stmt);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::ImportOutsideTopLevel) {
+                pylint::rules::import_outside_top_level(checker, stmt);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::GlobalStatement) {
                 for name in names {
                     if let Some(asname) = name.asname.as_ref() {
@@ -706,6 +709,9 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ModuleImportNotAtTopOfFile) {
                 pycodestyle::rules::module_import_not_at_top_of_file(checker, stmt);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::ImportOutsideTopLevel) {
+                pylint::rules::import_outside_top_level(checker, stmt);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::GlobalStatement) {
                 for name in names {
                     if let Some(asname) = name.asname.as_ref() {
@@ -1186,6 +1192,9 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ReadWholeFile) {
                 refurb::rules::read_whole_file(checker, with_stmt);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::UselessWithLock) {
+                pylint::rules::useless_with_lock(checker, with_stmt);
+            }
         }
         Stmt::While(ast::StmtWhile { body, orelse, .. }) => {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::FunctionUsesLoopVariable) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs

@@ -31,9 +31,8 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use log::debug;
 use ruff_python_ast::{
-    self as ast, Arguments, Comprehension, Constant, ElifElseClause, ExceptHandler, Expr,
-    ExprContext, Keyword, MatchCase, Parameter, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters, Pattern, Stmt,
-    Suite, UnaryOp,
+    self as ast, Arguments, Comprehension, ElifElseClause, ExceptHandler, Expr, ExprContext,
+    Keyword, MatchCase, Parameter, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters, Pattern, Stmt, Suite, UnaryOp,
 };
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange, TextSize};
 
@@ -787,11 +786,7 @@ where
             && self.semantic.in_type_definition()
             && self.semantic.future_annotations()
         {
-            if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(value),
-                ..
-            }) = expr
-            {
+            if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = expr {
                 self.deferred.string_type_definitions.push((
                     expr.range(),
                     value,
@@ -1186,10 +1181,7 @@ where
                     }
                 }
             }
-            Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(value),
-                range: _,
-            }) => {
+            Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => {
                 if self.semantic.in_type_definition()
                     && !self.semantic.in_literal()
                     && !self.semantic.in_f_string()

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pylint, "C0205") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::SingleStringSlots),
         (Pylint, "C0208") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::IterationOverSet),
         (Pylint, "C0414") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::UselessImportAlias),
+        (Pylint, "C0415") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::ImportOutsideTopLevel),
         (Pylint, "C2401") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::NonAsciiName),
         (Pylint, "C2403") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::NonAsciiImportName),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
@@ -270,12 +271,14 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pylint, "W0604") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::GlobalAtModuleLevel),
         (Pylint, "W0603") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::GlobalStatement),
         (Pylint, "W0711") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::BinaryOpException),
+        (Pylint, "W1501") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::BadOpenMode),
         (Pylint, "W1508") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::InvalidEnvvarDefault),
         (Pylint, "W1509") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::SubprocessPopenPreexecFn),
         (Pylint, "W1510") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::SubprocessRunWithoutCheck),
         (Pylint, "W1514") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::UnspecifiedEncoding),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Pylint, "W1641") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pylint::rules::EqWithoutHash),
+        (Pylint, "W2101") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::UselessWithLock),
         (Pylint, "R0904") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyPublicMethods),
         (Pylint, "W2901") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::RedefinedLoopName),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
@@ -935,6 +938,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Refurb, "140") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::ReimplementedStarmap),
         (Refurb, "145") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::SliceCopy),
         (Refurb, "148") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::UnnecessaryEnumerate),
+        (Refurb, "168") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::IsinstanceTypeNone),
         (Refurb, "171") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::SingleItemMembershipTest),
         (Refurb, "177") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::ImplicitCwd),
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/doc_lines.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use std::iter::FusedIterator;
 
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Stmt, Suite};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Stmt, Suite};
 use ruff_python_parser::lexer::LexResult;
 use ruff_python_parser::Tok;
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextSize};
@@ -69,15 +69,15 @@ struct StringLinesVisitor<'a> {
 
 impl StatementVisitor<'_> for StringLinesVisitor<'_> {
     fn visit_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &Stmt) {
-        if let Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr { value, range: _ }) = stmt {
-            if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(..),
-                ..
-            }) = value.as_ref()
-            {
+        if let Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr {
+            value: expr,
+            range: _,
+        }) = stmt
+        {
+            if expr.is_string_literal_expr() {
                 for line in UniversalNewlineIterator::with_offset(
-                    self.locator.slice(value.as_ref()),
-                    value.start(),
+                    self.locator.slice(expr.as_ref()),
+                    expr.start(),
                 ) {
                     self.string_lines.push(line.start());
                 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/docstrings/extraction.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,23 @@
 //! Extract docstrings from an AST.
 
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Stmt};
 use ruff_python_semantic::{Definition, DefinitionId, Definitions, Member, MemberKind};
 
 /// Extract a docstring from a function or class body.
-pub(crate) fn docstring_from(suite: &[Stmt]) -> Option<&Expr> {
+pub(crate) fn docstring_from(suite: &[Stmt]) -> Option<&ast::ExprStringLiteral> {
     let stmt = suite.first()?;
     // Require the docstring to be a standalone expression.
     let Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr { value, range: _ }) = stmt else {
         return None;
     };
     // Only match strings.
-    if !matches!(
-        value.as_ref(),
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Str(_),
-            ..
-        })
-    ) {
-        return None;
-    }
-    Some(value)
+    value.as_string_literal_expr()
 }
 
 /// Extract a docstring from a `Definition`.
-pub(crate) fn extract_docstring<'a>(definition: &'a Definition<'a>) -> Option<&'a Expr> {
+pub(crate) fn extract_docstring<'a>(
+    definition: &'a Definition<'a>,
+) -> Option<&'a ast::ExprStringLiteral> {
     match definition {
         Definition::Module(module) => docstring_from(module.python_ast),
         Definition::Member(member) => docstring_from(member.body()),

crates/ruff_linter/src/docstrings/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
-use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
+use ruff_python_ast::ExprStringLiteral;
 use ruff_python_semantic::Definition;
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
 
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ pub(crate) mod styles;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Docstring<'a> {
     pub(crate) definition: &'a Definition<'a>,
-    pub(crate) expr: &'a Expr,
+    /// The literal AST node representing the docstring.
+    pub(crate) expr: &'a ExprStringLiteral,
     /// The content of the docstring, including the leading and trailing quotes.
     pub(crate) contents: &'a str,
     /// The range of the docstring body (without the quotes). The range is relative to [`Self::contents`].

crates/ruff_linter/src/pyproject_toml.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use colored::Colorize;
 use log::warn;
-use pyproject_toml::{BuildSystem, Project};
+use pyproject_toml::PyProjectToml;
 use ruff_text_size::{TextRange, TextSize};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_source_file::SourceFile;
@@ -13,16 +12,6 @@ use crate::rules::ruff::rules::InvalidPyprojectToml;
 use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
 use crate::IOError;
 
-/// Unlike [`pyproject_toml::PyProjectToml`], in our case `build_system` is also optional
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
-struct PyProjectToml {
-    /// Build-related data
-    build_system: Option<BuildSystem>,
-    /// Project metadata
-    project: Option<Project>,
-}
-
 pub fn lint_pyproject_toml(source_file: SourceFile, settings: &LinterSettings) -> Vec<Message> {
     let Some(err) = toml::from_str::<PyProjectToml>(source_file.source_text()).err() else {
         return Vec::default();

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/airflow/rules/task_variable_name.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast as ast;
-use ruff_python_ast::Constant;
 use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -79,13 +78,7 @@ pub(crate) fn variable_name_task_id(
     let keyword = arguments.find_keyword("task_id")?;
 
     // If the keyword argument is not a string, we can't do anything.
-    let task_id = match &keyword.value {
-        Expr::Constant(constant) => match &constant.value {
-            Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }) => value,
-            _ => return None,
-        },
-        _ => return None,
-    };
+    let ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: task_id, .. } = keyword.value.as_string_literal_expr()?;
 
     // If the target name is the same as the task_id, no violation.
     if id == task_id {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_2020/rules/compare.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -230,16 +230,16 @@ pub(crate) fn compare(checker: &mut Checker, left: &Expr, ops: &[CmpOp], compara
         Expr::Subscript(ast::ExprSubscript { value, slice, .. })
             if is_sys(value, "version_info", checker.semantic()) =>
         {
-            if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Int(i),
+            if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                value: ast::Number::Int(i),
                 ..
             }) = slice.as_ref()
             {
                 if *i == 0 {
                     if let (
                         [CmpOp::Eq | CmpOp::NotEq],
-                        [Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                            value: Constant::Int(n),
+                        [Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                            value: ast::Number::Int(n),
                             ..
                         })],
                     ) = (ops, comparators)
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ pub(crate) fn compare(checker: &mut Checker, left: &Expr, ops: &[CmpOp], compara
                 } else if *i == 1 {
                     if let (
                         [CmpOp::Lt | CmpOp::LtE | CmpOp::Gt | CmpOp::GtE],
-                        [Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                            value: Constant::Int(_),
+                        [Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                            value: ast::Number::Int(_),
                             ..
                         })],
                     ) = (ops, comparators)
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ pub(crate) fn compare(checker: &mut Checker, left: &Expr, ops: &[CmpOp], compara
         {
             if let (
                 [CmpOp::Lt | CmpOp::LtE | CmpOp::Gt | CmpOp::GtE],
-                [Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Int(_),
+                [Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                    value: ast::Number::Int(_),
                     ..
                 })],
             ) = (ops, comparators)
@@ -294,13 +294,10 @@ pub(crate) fn compare(checker: &mut Checker, left: &Expr, ops: &[CmpOp], compara
     if is_sys(left, "version", checker.semantic()) {
         if let (
             [CmpOp::Lt | CmpOp::LtE | CmpOp::Gt | CmpOp::GtE],
-            [Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(s),
-                ..
-            })],
+            [Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. })],
         ) = (ops, comparators)
         {
-            if s.len() == 1 {
+            if value.len() == 1 {
                 if checker.enabled(Rule::SysVersionCmpStr10) {
                     checker
                         .diagnostics

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_2020/rules/subscript.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ pub(crate) fn subscript(checker: &mut Checker, value: &Expr, slice: &Expr) {
                 step: None,
                 range: _,
             }) => {
-                if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Int(i),
+                if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                    value: ast::Number::Int(i),
                     ..
                 }) = upper.as_ref()
                 {
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ pub(crate) fn subscript(checker: &mut Checker, value: &Expr, slice: &Expr) {
                 }
             }
 
-            Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Int(i),
+            Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                value: ast::Number::Int(i),
                 ..
             }) => {
                 if *i == 2 && checker.enabled(Rule::SysVersion2) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_annotations/rules/definition.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::ReturnStatementVisitor;
 use ruff_python_ast::identifier::Identifier;
 use ruff_python_ast::statement_visitor::StatementVisitor;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, ParameterWithDefault, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ParameterWithDefault, Stmt};
 use ruff_python_parser::typing::parse_type_annotation;
 use ruff_python_semantic::analyze::visibility;
 use ruff_python_semantic::Definition;
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ impl Violation for MissingReturnTypePrivateFunction {
 /// or `ruff.toml` file:
 ///
 /// ```toml
-/// [tool.ruff.flake8-annotations]
+/// [tool.ruff.lint.flake8-annotations]
 /// mypy-init-return = true
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -431,10 +431,7 @@ fn is_none_returning(body: &[Stmt]) -> bool {
     visitor.visit_body(body);
     for stmt in visitor.returns {
         if let Some(value) = stmt.value.as_deref() {
-            if !matches!(
-                value,
-                Expr::Constant(constant) if constant.value.is_none()
-            ) {
+            if !value.is_none_literal_expr() {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -451,9 +448,10 @@ fn check_dynamically_typed<F>(
 ) where
     F: FnOnce() -> String,
 {
-    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
+    if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral {
         range,
-        value: Constant::Str(string),
+        value: string,
+        ..
     }) = annotation
     {
         // Quoted annotations

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/helpers.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 
@@ -10,10 +10,7 @@ static PASSWORD_CANDIDATE_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
 
 pub(super) fn string_literal(expr: &Expr) -> Option<&str> {
     match expr {
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Str(string),
-            ..
-        }) => Some(string),
+        Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => Some(value),
         _ => None,
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/bad_file_permissions.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::call_path::CallPath;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Operator};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Operator};
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ fn py_stat(call_path: &CallPath) -> Option<u16> {
 /// an integer value, but that value is out of range.
 fn parse_mask(expr: &Expr, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> Result<Option<u16>> {
     match expr {
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Int(int),
+        Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+            value: ast::Number::Int(int),
             ..
         }) => match int.as_u16() {
             Some(value) => Ok(Some(value)),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use ruff_text_size::TextRange;
-
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::ExprStringLiteral;
 
 /// ## What it does
 /// Checks for hardcoded bindings to all network interfaces (`0.0.0.0`).
@@ -35,9 +34,9 @@ impl Violation for HardcodedBindAllInterfaces {
 }
 
 /// S104
-pub(crate) fn hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces(value: &str, range: TextRange) -> Option<Diagnostic> {
-    if value == "0.0.0.0" {
-        Some(Diagnostic::new(HardcodedBindAllInterfaces, range))
+pub(crate) fn hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces(string: &ExprStringLiteral) -> Option<Diagnostic> {
+    if string.value == "0.0.0.0" {
+        Some(Diagnostic::new(HardcodedBindAllInterfaces, string.range))
     } else {
         None
     }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/hardcoded_password_string.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -55,10 +55,7 @@ fn password_target(target: &Expr) -> Option<&str> {
         Expr::Name(ast::ExprName { id, .. }) => id.as_str(),
         // d["password"] = "s3cr3t"
         Expr::Subscript(ast::ExprSubscript { slice, .. }) => match slice.as_ref() {
-            Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(string),
-                ..
-            }) => string,
+            Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => value,
             _ => return None,
         },
         // obj.password = "s3cr3t"

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/hardcoded_tmp_directory.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 
@@ -52,13 +51,13 @@ impl Violation for HardcodedTempFile {
 }
 
 /// S108
-pub(crate) fn hardcoded_tmp_directory(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, value: &str) {
+pub(crate) fn hardcoded_tmp_directory(checker: &mut Checker, string: &ast::ExprStringLiteral) {
     if !checker
         .settings
         .flake8_bandit
         .hardcoded_tmp_directory
         .iter()
-        .any(|prefix| value.starts_with(prefix))
+        .any(|prefix| string.value.starts_with(prefix))
     {
         return;
     }
@@ -77,8 +76,8 @@ pub(crate) fn hardcoded_tmp_directory(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, value:
 
     checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
         HardcodedTempFile {
-            string: value.to_string(),
+            string: string.value.clone(),
         },
-        expr.range(),
+        string.range,
     ));
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/jinja2_autoescape_false.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -66,10 +66,7 @@ pub(crate) fn jinja2_autoescape_false(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCal
     {
         if let Some(keyword) = call.arguments.find_keyword("autoescape") {
             match &keyword.value {
-                Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Bool(true),
-                    ..
-                }) => (),
+                Expr::BooleanLiteral(ast::ExprBooleanLiteral { value: true, .. }) => (),
                 Expr::Call(ast::ExprCall { func, .. }) => {
                     if let Expr::Name(ast::ExprName { id, .. }) = func.as_ref() {
                         if id != "select_autoescape" {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/request_without_timeout.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast as ast;
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
+
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub(crate) fn request_without_timeout(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCal
         })
     {
         if let Some(keyword) = call.arguments.find_keyword("timeout") {
-            if is_const_none(&keyword.value) {
+            if keyword.value.is_none_literal_expr() {
                 checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                     RequestWithoutTimeout { implicit: false },
                     keyword.range(),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/shell_injection.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::Truthiness;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, Keyword};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr, Keyword};
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -38,18 +38,22 @@ use crate::{
 /// - [Common Weakness Enumeration: CWE-78](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/78.html)
 #[violation]
 pub struct SubprocessPopenWithShellEqualsTrue {
-    seems_safe: bool,
+    safety: Safety,
+    is_exact: bool,
 }
 
 impl Violation for SubprocessPopenWithShellEqualsTrue {
     #[derive_message_formats]
     fn message(&self) -> String {
-        if self.seems_safe {
-            format!(
+        match (self.safety, self.is_exact) {
+            (Safety::SeemsSafe, true) => format!(
                 "`subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`"
-            )
-        } else {
-            format!("`subprocess` call with `shell=True` identified, security issue")
+            ),
+            (Safety::Unknown, true) => format!("`subprocess` call with `shell=True` identified, security issue"),
+            (Safety::SeemsSafe, false) => format!(
+                "`subprocess` call with truthy `shell` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`"
+            ),
+            (Safety::Unknown, false) => format!("`subprocess` call with truthy `shell` identified, security issue"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -89,16 +93,18 @@ impl Violation for SubprocessWithoutShellEqualsTrue {
 }
 
 /// ## What it does
-/// Checks for method calls that set the `shell` parameter to `true` when
-/// invoking a subprocess.
+/// Checks for method calls that set the `shell` parameter to `true` or another
+/// truthy value when invoking a subprocess.
 ///
 /// ## Why is this bad?
-/// Setting the `shell` parameter to `true` when invoking a subprocess can
-/// introduce security vulnerabilities, as it allows shell metacharacters and
-/// whitespace to be passed to child processes, potentially leading to shell
-/// injection attacks. It is recommended to avoid using `shell=True` unless
-/// absolutely necessary, and when used, to ensure that all inputs are properly
-/// sanitized and quoted to prevent such vulnerabilities.
+/// Setting the `shell` parameter to `true` or another truthy value when
+/// invoking a subprocess can introduce security vulnerabilities, as it allows
+/// shell metacharacters and whitespace to be passed to child processes,
+/// potentially leading to shell injection attacks.
+///
+/// It is recommended to avoid using `shell=True` unless absolutely necessary
+/// and, when used, to ensure that all inputs are properly sanitized and quoted
+/// to prevent such vulnerabilities.
 ///
 /// ## Known problems
 /// Prone to false positives as it is triggered on any function call with a
@@ -115,12 +121,18 @@ impl Violation for SubprocessWithoutShellEqualsTrue {
 /// ## References
 /// - [Python documentation: Security Considerations](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#security-considerations)
 #[violation]
-pub struct CallWithShellEqualsTrue;
+pub struct CallWithShellEqualsTrue {
+    is_exact: bool,
+}
 
 impl Violation for CallWithShellEqualsTrue {
     #[derive_message_formats]
     fn message(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Function call with `shell=True` parameter identified, security issue")
+        if self.is_exact {
+            format!("Function call with `shell=True` parameter identified, security issue")
+        } else {
+            format!("Function call with truthy `shell` parameter identified, security issue")
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -162,16 +174,15 @@ impl Violation for CallWithShellEqualsTrue {
 /// - [Python documentation: `subprocess`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html)
 #[violation]
 pub struct StartProcessWithAShell {
-    seems_safe: bool,
+    safety: Safety,
 }
 
 impl Violation for StartProcessWithAShell {
     #[derive_message_formats]
     fn message(&self) -> String {
-        if self.seems_safe {
-            format!("Starting a process with a shell: seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`")
-        } else {
-            format!("Starting a process with a shell, possible injection detected")
+        match self.safety {
+            Safety::SeemsSafe => format!("Starting a process with a shell: seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`"),
+            Safety::Unknown => format!("Starting a process with a shell, possible injection detected"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -284,13 +295,14 @@ pub(crate) fn shell_injection(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
             match shell_keyword {
                 // S602
                 Some(ShellKeyword {
-                    truthiness: Truthiness::Truthy,
+                    truthiness: truthiness @ (Truthiness::True | Truthiness::Truthy),
                     keyword,
                 }) => {
                     if checker.enabled(Rule::SubprocessPopenWithShellEqualsTrue) {
                         checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                             SubprocessPopenWithShellEqualsTrue {
-                                seems_safe: shell_call_seems_safe(arg),
+                                safety: Safety::from(arg),
+                                is_exact: matches!(truthiness, Truthiness::True),
                             },
                             keyword.range(),
                         ));
@@ -298,7 +310,7 @@ pub(crate) fn shell_injection(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
                 }
                 // S603
                 Some(ShellKeyword {
-                    truthiness: Truthiness::Falsey | Truthiness::Unknown,
+                    truthiness: Truthiness::False | Truthiness::Falsey | Truthiness::Unknown,
                     keyword,
                 }) => {
                     if checker.enabled(Rule::SubprocessWithoutShellEqualsTrue) {
@@ -320,15 +332,18 @@ pub(crate) fn shell_injection(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
             }
         }
     } else if let Some(ShellKeyword {
-        truthiness: Truthiness::Truthy,
+        truthiness: truthiness @ (Truthiness::True | Truthiness::Truthy),
         keyword,
     }) = shell_keyword
     {
         // S604
         if checker.enabled(Rule::CallWithShellEqualsTrue) {
-            checker
-                .diagnostics
-                .push(Diagnostic::new(CallWithShellEqualsTrue, keyword.range()));
+            checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
+                CallWithShellEqualsTrue {
+                    is_exact: matches!(truthiness, Truthiness::True),
+                },
+                keyword.range(),
+            ));
         }
     }
 
@@ -338,7 +353,7 @@ pub(crate) fn shell_injection(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
             if let Some(arg) = call.arguments.args.first() {
                 checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                     StartProcessWithAShell {
-                        seems_safe: shell_call_seems_safe(arg),
+                        safety: Safety::from(arg),
                     },
                     arg.range(),
                 ));
@@ -376,7 +391,7 @@ pub(crate) fn shell_injection(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
                 (
                     Some(CallKind::Subprocess),
                     Some(ShellKeyword {
-                        truthiness: Truthiness::Truthy,
+                        truthiness: Truthiness::True | Truthiness::Truthy,
                         keyword: _,
                     })
                 )
@@ -453,16 +468,22 @@ fn find_shell_keyword<'a>(
     })
 }
 
-/// Return `true` if the value provided to the `shell` call seems safe. This is based on Bandit's
-/// definition: string literals are considered okay, but dynamically-computed values are not.
-fn shell_call_seems_safe(arg: &Expr) -> bool {
-    matches!(
-        arg,
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Str(_),
-            ..
-        })
-    )
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Safety {
+    SeemsSafe,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+impl From<&Expr> for Safety {
+    /// Return the [`Safety`] level for the [`Expr`]. This is based on Bandit's definition: string
+    /// literals are considered okay, but dynamically-computed values are not.
+    fn from(expr: &Expr) -> Self {
+        if expr.is_string_literal_expr() {
+            Self::SeemsSafe
+        } else {
+            Self::Unknown
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Return `true` if the string appears to be a full file path.

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/snmp_insecure_version.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Int};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Int};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ pub(crate) fn snmp_insecure_version(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall)
         if let Some(keyword) = call.arguments.find_keyword("mpModel") {
             if matches!(
                 keyword.value,
-                Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Int(Int::ZERO | Int::ONE),
+                Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                    value: ast::Number::Int(Int::ZERO | Int::ONE),
                     ..
                 })
             ) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/suspicious_function_call.rs

@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ pub(crate) fn suspicious_function_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
             ["six", "moves", "urllib", "request", "urlopen" | "urlretrieve" | "Request"] => {
                 // If the `url` argument is a string literal, allow `http` and `https` schemes.
                 if call.arguments.args.iter().all(|arg| !arg.is_starred_expr()) && call.arguments.keywords.iter().all(|keyword| keyword.arg.is_some()) {
-                    if let Some(Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant { value: ast::Constant::Str(url), .. })) = &call.arguments.find_argument("url", 0) {
+                    if let Some(Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: url, .. })) = &call.arguments.find_argument("url", 0) {
                             let url = url.trim_start();
                             if url.starts_with("http://") || url.starts_with("https://") {
                                 return None;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/rules/weak_cryptographic_key.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, ExprAttribute, ExprCall};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprAttribute, ExprCall};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ fn extract_cryptographic_key(
 
 fn extract_int_argument(call: &ExprCall, name: &str, position: usize) -> Option<(u16, TextRange)> {
     let argument = call.arguments.find_argument(name, position)?;
-    let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Int(i),
+    let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+        value: ast::Number::Int(i),
         ..
     }) = argument
     else {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bandit/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bandit__tests__S602_S602.py.snap

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ S602.py:8:13: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be ch
 10 | # Check values that truthy values are treated as true.
    |
 
-S602.py:11:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
+S602.py:11:15: S602 `subprocess` call with truthy `shell` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
    |
 10 | # Check values that truthy values are treated as true.
 11 | Popen("true", shell=1)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ S602.py:11:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be c
 13 | Popen("true", shell={1: 1})
    |
 
-S602.py:12:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
+S602.py:12:15: S602 `subprocess` call with truthy `shell` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
    |
 10 | # Check values that truthy values are treated as true.
 11 | Popen("true", shell=1)
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ S602.py:12:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be c
 14 | Popen("true", shell=(1,))
    |
 
-S602.py:13:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
+S602.py:13:15: S602 `subprocess` call with truthy `shell` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
    |
 11 | Popen("true", shell=1)
 12 | Popen("true", shell=[1])
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ S602.py:13:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be c
 14 | Popen("true", shell=(1,))
    |
 
-S602.py:14:15: S602 `subprocess` call with `shell=True` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
+S602.py:14:15: S602 `subprocess` call with truthy `shell` seems safe, but may be changed in the future; consider rewriting without `shell`
    |
 12 | Popen("true", shell=[1])
 13 | Popen("true", shell={1: 1})

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_boolean_trap/helpers.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 
 /// Returns `true` if a function call is allowed to use a boolean trap.
 pub(super) fn is_allowed_func_call(name: &str) -> bool {
@@ -62,14 +62,3 @@ pub(super) fn allow_boolean_trap(func: &Expr) -> bool {
 
     false
 }
-
-/// Returns `true` if an expression is a boolean literal.
-pub(super) const fn is_boolean(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
-    matches!(
-        &expr,
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Bool(_),
-            ..
-        })
-    )
-}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_boolean_trap/rules/boolean_default_value_positional_argument.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{Decorator, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
-use crate::rules::flake8_boolean_trap::helpers::{is_allowed_func_def, is_boolean};
+use crate::rules::flake8_boolean_trap::helpers::is_allowed_func_def;
 
 /// ## What it does
 /// Checks for the use of boolean positional arguments in function definitions,
@@ -117,7 +117,10 @@ pub(crate) fn boolean_default_value_positional_argument(
         range: _,
     } in parameters.posonlyargs.iter().chain(&parameters.args)
     {
-        if default.as_ref().is_some_and(|default| is_boolean(default)) {
+        if default
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|default| default.is_boolean_literal_expr())
+        {
             checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                 BooleanDefaultValuePositionalArgument,
                 parameter.name.range(),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_boolean_trap/rules/boolean_positional_value_in_call.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
-use crate::rules::flake8_boolean_trap::helpers::{allow_boolean_trap, is_boolean};
+use crate::rules::flake8_boolean_trap::helpers::allow_boolean_trap;
 
 /// ## What it does
 /// Checks for boolean positional arguments in function calls.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub(crate) fn boolean_positional_value_in_call(checker: &mut Checker, args: &[Ex
     if allow_boolean_trap(func) {
         return;
     }
-    for arg in args.iter().filter(|arg| is_boolean(arg)) {
+    for arg in args.iter().filter(|arg| arg.is_boolean_literal_expr()) {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(BooleanPositionalValueInCall, arg.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_boolean_trap/rules/boolean_type_hint_positional_argument.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Decorator, Expr, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Decorator, Expr, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_diagnostics::Violation;
@@ -126,10 +126,7 @@ pub(crate) fn boolean_type_hint_positional_argument(
         // check for both bool (python class) and 'bool' (string annotation)
         let hint = match annotation.as_ref() {
             Expr::Name(name) => &name.id == "bool",
-            Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }),
-                ..
-            }) => value == "bool",
+            Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => value == "bool",
             _ => false,
         };
         if !hint || !checker.semantic().is_builtin("bool") {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/abstract_base_class.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, Keyword, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr, Keyword, Stmt};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ fn is_abc_class(bases: &[Expr], keywords: &[Keyword], semantic: &SemanticModel)
 fn is_empty_body(body: &[Stmt]) -> bool {
     body.iter().all(|stmt| match stmt {
         Stmt::Pass(_) => true,
-        Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr { value, range: _ }) => match value.as_ref() {
-            Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant { value, .. }) => {
-                matches!(value, Constant::Str(..) | Constant::Ellipsis)
-            }
-            _ => false,
-        },
+        Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr { value, range: _ }) => {
+            matches!(
+                value.as_ref(),
+                Expr::StringLiteral(_) | Expr::EllipsisLiteral(_)
+            )
+        }
         _ => false,
     })
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/duplicate_value.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ impl Violation for DuplicateValue {
 pub(crate) fn duplicate_value(checker: &mut Checker, elts: &Vec<Expr>) {
     let mut seen_values: FxHashSet<ComparableExpr> = FxHashSet::default();
     for elt in elts {
-        if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant { value, .. }) = elt {
+        if elt.is_literal_expr() {
             let comparable_value: ComparableExpr = elt.into();
 
             if !seen_values.insert(comparable_value) {
                 checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                     DuplicateValue {
-                        value: checker.generator().constant(value),
+                        value: checker.generator().expr(elt),
                     },
                     elt.range(),
                 ));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/getattr_with_constant.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::fix::edits::pad;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_python_stdlib::identifiers::{is_identifier, is_mangled_private};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -66,11 +66,7 @@ pub(crate) fn getattr_with_constant(
     if obj.is_starred_expr() {
         return;
     }
-    let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }),
-        ..
-    }) = arg
-    else {
+    let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = arg else {
         return;
     };
     if !is_identifier(value) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/raise_literal.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Violation for RaiseLiteral {
 
 /// B016
 pub(crate) fn raise_literal(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr) {
-    if expr.is_constant_expr() {
+    if expr.is_literal_expr() {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(RaiseLiteral, expr.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/setattr_with_constant.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, ExprContext, Identifier, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprContext, Identifier, Stmt};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
@@ -80,11 +80,7 @@ pub(crate) fn setattr_with_constant(
     if obj.is_starred_expr() {
         return;
     }
-    let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(name),
-        ..
-    }) = name
-    else {
+    let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: name, .. }) = name else {
         return;
     };
     if !is_identifier(name) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/strip_with_multi_characters.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -68,11 +68,7 @@ pub(crate) fn strip_with_multi_characters(
         return;
     }
 
-    let [Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(value),
-        ..
-    })] = args
-    else {
+    let [Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. })] = args else {
         return;
     };
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/unreliable_callable_check.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix, FixAvailability, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -67,11 +67,7 @@ pub(crate) fn unreliable_callable_check(
     let [obj, attr, ..] = args else {
         return;
     };
-    let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }),
-        ..
-    }) = attr
-    else {
+    let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = attr else {
         return;
     };
     if value != "__call__" {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/useless_comparison.rs

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ impl Violation for UselessComparison {
     #[derive_message_formats]
     fn message(&self) -> String {
         format!(
-            "Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste CPU instructions. \
-             Either prepend `assert` or remove it."
+            "Pointless comparison. Did you mean to assign a value? \
+             Otherwise, prepend `assert` or remove it."
         )
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/useless_expression.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::contains_effect;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -54,11 +54,7 @@ pub(crate) fn useless_expression(checker: &mut Checker, value: &Expr) {
     // Ignore strings, to avoid false positives with docstrings.
     if matches!(
         value,
-        Expr::FString(_)
-            | Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(..) | Constant::Ellipsis,
-                ..
-            })
+        Expr::FString(_) | Expr::StringLiteral(_) | Expr::EllipsisLiteral(_)
     ) {
         return;
     }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/zip_without_explicit_strict.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
+
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr};
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
@@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ fn is_infinite_iterator(arg: &Expr, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> bool {
                 }
 
                 // Ex) `itertools.repeat(1, None)`
-                if args.len() == 2 && is_const_none(&args[1]) {
+                if args.len() == 2 && args[1].is_none_literal_expr() {
                     return true;
                 }
 
                 // Ex) `iterools.repeat(1, times=None)`
                 for keyword in keywords {
                     if keyword.arg.as_ref().is_some_and(|name| name == "times") {
-                        if is_const_none(&keyword.value) {
+                        if keyword.value.is_none_literal_expr() {
                             return true;
                         }
                     }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bugbear__tests__B015_B015.py.snap

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/mod.rs
 ---
-B015.py:3:1: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste CPU instructions. Either prepend `assert` or remove it.
+B015.py:3:1: B015 Pointless comparison. Did you mean to assign a value? Otherwise, prepend `assert` or remove it.
   |
 1 | assert 1 == 1
 2 | 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ B015.py:3:1: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste C
 5 | assert 1 in (1, 2)
   |
 
-B015.py:7:1: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste CPU instructions. Either prepend `assert` or remove it.
+B015.py:7:1: B015 Pointless comparison. Did you mean to assign a value? Otherwise, prepend `assert` or remove it.
   |
 5 | assert 1 in (1, 2)
 6 | 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ B015.py:7:1: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste C
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^ B015
   |
 
-B015.py:17:5: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste CPU instructions. Either prepend `assert` or remove it.
+B015.py:17:5: B015 Pointless comparison. Did you mean to assign a value? Otherwise, prepend `assert` or remove it.
    |
 15 |     assert 1 in (1, 2)
 16 | 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ B015.py:17:5: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^ B015
    |
 
-B015.py:24:5: B015 Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but waste CPU instructions. Either prepend `assert` or remove it.
+B015.py:24:5: B015 Pointless comparison. Did you mean to assign a value? Otherwise, prepend `assert` or remove it.
    |
 23 | class TestClass:
 24 |     1 == 1

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/rules/unnecessary_subscript_reversal.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, UnaryOp};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, UnaryOp};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ pub(crate) fn unnecessary_subscript_reversal(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::
     else {
         return;
     };
-    let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Int(val),
+    let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+        value: ast::Number::Int(val),
         ..
     }) = operand.as_ref()
     else {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_datetimez/rules/call_datetime_fromtimestamp.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
+
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub(crate) fn call_datetime_fromtimestamp(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::Exp
     }
 
     // none args
-    if call.arguments.args.len() > 1 && is_const_none(&call.arguments.args[1]) {
+    if call.arguments.args.len() > 1 && call.arguments.args[1].is_none_literal_expr() {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(CallDatetimeFromtimestamp, call.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_datetimez/rules/call_datetime_now_without_tzinfo.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast};
+
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -77,7 +77,12 @@ pub(crate) fn call_datetime_now_without_tzinfo(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast
     }
 
     // none args
-    if call.arguments.args.first().is_some_and(is_const_none) {
+    if call
+        .arguments
+        .args
+        .first()
+        .is_some_and(Expr::is_none_literal_expr)
+    {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(CallDatetimeNowWithoutTzinfo, call.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_datetimez/rules/call_datetime_strptime_without_zone.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -75,10 +75,8 @@ pub(crate) fn call_datetime_strptime_without_zone(checker: &mut Checker, call: &
     }
 
     // Does the `strptime` call contain a format string with a timezone specifier?
-    if let Some(Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(format),
-        range: _,
-    })) = call.arguments.args.get(1).as_ref()
+    if let Some(Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: format, .. })) =
+        call.arguments.args.get(1).as_ref()
     {
         if format.contains("%z") {
             return;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_datetimez/rules/call_datetime_without_tzinfo.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast};
+
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -73,7 +73,12 @@ pub(crate) fn call_datetime_without_tzinfo(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::Ex
     }
 
     // Positional arg: is constant None.
-    if call.arguments.args.get(7).is_some_and(is_const_none) {
+    if call
+        .arguments
+        .args
+        .get(7)
+        .is_some_and(Expr::is_none_literal_expr)
+    {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(CallDatetimeWithoutTzinfo, call.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_datetimez/rules/helpers.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
 use ruff_python_ast::{Arguments, Expr, ExprAttribute};
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -15,5 +14,5 @@ pub(super) fn parent_expr_is_astimezone(checker: &Checker) -> bool {
 pub(super) fn has_non_none_keyword(arguments: &Arguments, keyword: &str) -> bool {
     arguments
         .find_keyword(keyword)
-        .is_some_and(|keyword| !is_const_none(&keyword.value))
+        .is_some_and(|keyword| !keyword.value.is_none_literal_expr())
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_django/rules/all_with_model_form.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr, Stmt};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -80,16 +80,13 @@ pub(crate) fn all_with_model_form(
                 if id != "fields" {
                     continue;
                 }
-                let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant { value, .. }) = value.as_ref() else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-                match value {
-                    Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }) => {
+                match value.as_ref() {
+                    Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => {
                         if value == "__all__" {
                             return Some(Diagnostic::new(DjangoAllWithModelForm, element.range()));
                         }
                     }
-                    Constant::Bytes(ast::BytesConstant { value, .. }) => {
+                    Expr::BytesLiteral(ast::ExprBytesLiteral { value, .. }) => {
                         if value == "__all__".as_bytes() {
                             return Some(Diagnostic::new(DjangoAllWithModelForm, element.range()));
                         }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_errmsg/rules/string_in_exception.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, ExprContext, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr, ExprContext, Stmt};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix, FixAvailability, Violation};
@@ -182,10 +182,7 @@ pub(crate) fn string_in_exception(checker: &mut Checker, stmt: &Stmt, exc: &Expr
         if let Some(first) = args.first() {
             match first {
                 // Check for string literals.
-                Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Str(string),
-                    ..
-                }) => {
+                Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: string, .. }) => {
                     if checker.enabled(Rule::RawStringInException) {
                         if string.len() >= checker.settings.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length {
                             let mut diagnostic =
@@ -232,7 +229,7 @@ pub(crate) fn string_in_exception(checker: &mut Checker, stmt: &Stmt, exc: &Expr
                         if let Expr::Attribute(ast::ExprAttribute { value, attr, .. }) =
                             func.as_ref()
                         {
-                            if attr == "format" && value.is_constant_expr() {
+                            if attr == "format" && value.is_literal_expr() {
                                 let mut diagnostic =
                                     Diagnostic::new(DotFormatInException, first.range());
                                 if let Some(indentation) =

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_gettext/rules/printf_in_gettext_func_call.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Operator};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Operator};
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
@@ -58,11 +58,7 @@ pub(crate) fn printf_in_gettext_func_call(checker: &mut Checker, args: &[Expr])
             ..
         }) = &first
         {
-            if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Str(_),
-                ..
-            }) = left.as_ref()
-            {
+            if left.is_string_literal_expr() {
                 checker
                     .diagnostics
                     .push(Diagnostic::new(PrintfInGetTextFuncCall {}, first.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_implicit_str_concat/rules/explicit.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Operator};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Operator};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -51,18 +51,10 @@ pub(crate) fn explicit(expr: &Expr, locator: &Locator) -> Option<Diagnostic> {
         if matches!(op, Operator::Add) {
             if matches!(
                 left.as_ref(),
-                Expr::FString(_)
-                    | Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                        value: Constant::Str(..) | Constant::Bytes(..),
-                        ..
-                    })
+                Expr::FString(_) | Expr::StringLiteral(_) | Expr::BytesLiteral(_)
             ) && matches!(
                 right.as_ref(),
-                Expr::FString(_)
-                    | Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                        value: Constant::Str(..) | Constant::Bytes(..),
-                        ..
-                    })
+                Expr::FString(_) | Expr::StringLiteral(_) | Expr::BytesLiteral(_)
             ) && locator.contains_line_break(*range)
             {
                 return Some(Diagnostic::new(ExplicitStringConcatenation, expr.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_logging/rules/exception_without_exc_info.rs

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ fn exc_info_arg_is_falsey(call: &ExprCall, checker: &mut Checker) -> bool {
         .find_keyword("exc_info")
         .map(|keyword| &keyword.value)
         .is_some_and(|value| {
-            Truthiness::from_expr(value, |id| checker.semantic().is_builtin(id)).is_falsey()
+            let truthiness = Truthiness::from_expr(value, |id| checker.semantic().is_builtin(id));
+            matches!(truthiness, Truthiness::False | Truthiness::Falsey)
         })
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_logging_format/rules/logging_call.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, Keyword, Operator};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr, Keyword, Operator};
 use ruff_python_semantic::analyze::logging;
 use ruff_python_stdlib::logging::LoggingLevel;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ fn check_msg(checker: &mut Checker, msg: &Expr) {
         Expr::Call(ast::ExprCall { func, .. }) => {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::LoggingStringFormat) {
                 if let Expr::Attribute(ast::ExprAttribute { value, attr, .. }) = func.as_ref() {
-                    if attr == "format" && value.is_constant_expr() {
+                    if attr == "format" && value.is_literal_expr() {
                         checker
                             .diagnostics
                             .push(Diagnostic::new(LoggingStringFormat, msg.range()));
@@ -92,11 +92,7 @@ fn check_log_record_attr_clash(checker: &mut Checker, extra: &Keyword) {
         Expr::Dict(ast::ExprDict { keys, .. }) => {
             for key in keys {
                 if let Some(key) = &key {
-                    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                        value: Constant::Str(attr),
-                        ..
-                    }) = key
-                    {
+                    if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value: attr, .. }) = key {
                         if is_reserved_attr(attr) {
                             checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                                 LoggingExtraAttrClash(attr.to_string()),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pie/rules/unnecessary_dict_kwargs.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, Keyword};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Keyword};
 
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub(crate) fn unnecessary_dict_kwargs(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, kwargs
                     .iter()
                     .zip(values.iter())
                     .map(|(kwarg, value)| {
-                        format!("{}={}", kwarg.value, checker.locator().slice(value.range()))
+                        format!("{}={}", kwarg, checker.locator().slice(value.range()))
                     })
                     .join(", "),
                 kw.range(),
@@ -108,12 +108,8 @@ pub(crate) fn unnecessary_dict_kwargs(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr, kwargs
 }
 
 /// Return `Some` if a key is a valid keyword argument name, or `None` otherwise.
-fn as_kwarg(key: &Expr) -> Option<&ast::StringConstant> {
-    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(value),
-        ..
-    }) = key
-    {
+fn as_kwarg(key: &Expr) -> Option<&str> {
+    if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = key {
         if is_identifier(value) {
             return Some(value);
         }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pie/rules/unnecessary_range_start.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Fix};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ pub(crate) fn unnecessary_range_start(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCal
     };
 
     // Verify that the `start` argument is the literal `0`.
-    let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Int(value),
+    let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+        value: ast::Number::Int(value),
         ..
     }) = start
     else {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_print/rules/print_call.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
+
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub(crate) fn print_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
             // If the print call has a `file=` argument (that isn't `None`, `"sys.stdout"`,
             // or `"sys.stderr"`), don't trigger T201.
             if let Some(keyword) = call.arguments.find_keyword("file") {
-                if !is_const_none(&keyword.value) {
+                if !keyword.value.is_none_literal_expr() {
                     if checker.semantic().resolve_call_path(&keyword.value).map_or(
                         true,
                         |call_path| {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/docstring_in_stubs.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
+use ruff_python_ast::ExprStringLiteral;
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ impl Violation for DocstringInStub {
 }
 
 /// PYI021
-pub(crate) fn docstring_in_stubs(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: Option<&Expr>) {
-    if let Some(docstr) = &docstring {
+pub(crate) fn docstring_in_stubs(checker: &mut Checker, docstring: Option<&ExprStringLiteral>) {
+    if let Some(docstr) = docstring {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(DocstringInStub, docstr.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/ellipsis_in_non_empty_class_body.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Fix, FixAvailability, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{Constant, Expr, ExprConstant, Stmt, StmtExpr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{Stmt, StmtExpr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -54,13 +54,7 @@ pub(crate) fn ellipsis_in_non_empty_class_body(checker: &mut Checker, body: &[St
             continue;
         };
 
-        if matches!(
-            value.as_ref(),
-            Expr::Constant(ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Ellipsis,
-                ..
-            })
-        ) {
+        if value.is_ellipsis_literal_expr() {
             let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(EllipsisInNonEmptyClassBody, stmt.range());
             let edit =
                 fix::edits::delete_stmt(stmt, Some(stmt), checker.locator(), checker.indexer());

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/exit_annotations.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix, FixAvailability, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_const_none;
+
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ fn non_none_annotation_element<'a>(
     // E.g., `typing.Union` or `typing.Optional`
     if let Expr::Subscript(ExprSubscript { value, slice, .. }) = annotation {
         if semantic.match_typing_expr(value, "Optional") {
-            return if is_const_none(slice) {
+            return if slice.is_none_literal_expr() {
                 None
             } else {
                 Some(slice)
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ fn non_none_annotation_element<'a>(
             return None;
         };
 
-        return match (is_const_none(left), is_const_none(right)) {
+        return match (left.is_none_literal_expr(), right.is_none_literal_expr()) {
             (false, true) => Some(left),
             (true, false) => Some(right),
             (true, true) => None,
@@ -280,11 +280,11 @@ fn non_none_annotation_element<'a>(
         ..
     }) = annotation
     {
-        if !is_const_none(left) {
+        if !left.is_none_literal_expr() {
             return Some(left);
         }
 
-        if !is_const_none(right) {
+        if !right.is_none_literal_expr() {
             return Some(right);
         }
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/non_empty_stub_body.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::is_docstring_stmt;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Stmt};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -60,10 +60,8 @@ pub(crate) fn non_empty_stub_body(checker: &mut Checker, body: &[Stmt]) {
 
     // Ignore `...` (the desired case).
     if let Stmt::Expr(ast::StmtExpr { value, range: _ }) = stmt {
-        if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant { value, .. }) = value.as_ref() {
-            if value.is_ellipsis() {
-                return;
-            }
+        if value.is_ellipsis_literal_expr() {
+            return;
         }
     }
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/redundant_literal_union.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 use std::fmt;
 
-use ast::Constant;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, LiteralExpressionRef};
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ impl Violation for RedundantLiteralUnion {
 
 /// PYI051
 pub(crate) fn redundant_literal_union<'a>(checker: &mut Checker, union: &'a Expr) {
-    let mut literal_exprs = Vec::new();
+    let mut typing_literal_exprs = Vec::new();
     let mut builtin_types_in_union = FxHashSet::default();
 
     // Adds a member to `literal_exprs` for each value in a `Literal`, and any builtin types
@@ -69,9 +68,9 @@ pub(crate) fn redundant_literal_union<'a>(checker: &mut Checker, union: &'a Expr
         if let Expr::Subscript(ast::ExprSubscript { value, slice, .. }) = expr {
             if checker.semantic().match_typing_expr(value, "Literal") {
                 if let Expr::Tuple(ast::ExprTuple { elts, .. }) = slice.as_ref() {
-                    literal_exprs.extend(elts.iter());
+                    typing_literal_exprs.extend(elts.iter());
                 } else {
-                    literal_exprs.push(slice);
+                    typing_literal_exprs.push(slice);
                 }
             }
             return;
@@ -85,18 +84,20 @@ pub(crate) fn redundant_literal_union<'a>(checker: &mut Checker, union: &'a Expr
 
     traverse_union(&mut func, checker.semantic(), union, None);
 
-    for literal_expr in literal_exprs {
-        let Some(constant_type) = match_constant_type(literal_expr) else {
+    for typing_literal_expr in typing_literal_exprs {
+        let Some(literal_type) = match_literal_type(typing_literal_expr) else {
             continue;
         };
 
-        if builtin_types_in_union.contains(&constant_type) {
+        if builtin_types_in_union.contains(&literal_type) {
             checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
                 RedundantLiteralUnion {
-                    literal: SourceCodeSnippet::from_str(checker.locator().slice(literal_expr)),
-                    builtin_type: constant_type,
+                    literal: SourceCodeSnippet::from_str(
+                        checker.locator().slice(typing_literal_expr),
+                    ),
+                    builtin_type: literal_type,
                 },
-                literal_expr.range(),
+                typing_literal_expr.range(),
             ));
         }
     }
@@ -144,18 +145,24 @@ fn match_builtin_type(expr: &Expr, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> Option<ExprType>
     Some(result)
 }
 
-/// Return the [`ExprType`] of an [`Expr]` if it is a constant (e.g., an `int`, like `1`, or a
+/// Return the [`ExprType`] of an [`Expr`] if it is a literal (e.g., an `int`, like `1`, or a
 /// `bool`, like `True`).
-fn match_constant_type(expr: &Expr) -> Option<ExprType> {
-    let constant = expr.as_constant_expr()?;
-    let result = match constant.value {
-        Constant::Bool(_) => ExprType::Bool,
-        Constant::Str(_) => ExprType::Str,
-        Constant::Bytes(_) => ExprType::Bytes,
-        Constant::Int(_) => ExprType::Int,
-        Constant::Float(_) => ExprType::Float,
-        Constant::Complex { .. } => ExprType::Complex,
-        _ => return None,
+fn match_literal_type(expr: &Expr) -> Option<ExprType> {
+    let Some(literal_expr) = expr.as_literal_expr() else {
+        return None;
+    };
+    let result = match literal_expr {
+        LiteralExpressionRef::BooleanLiteral(_) => ExprType::Bool,
+        LiteralExpressionRef::StringLiteral(_) => ExprType::Str,
+        LiteralExpressionRef::BytesLiteral(_) => ExprType::Bytes,
+        LiteralExpressionRef::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral { value, .. }) => match value {
+            ast::Number::Int(_) => ExprType::Int,
+            ast::Number::Float(_) => ExprType::Float,
+            ast::Number::Complex { .. } => ExprType::Complex,
+        },
+        LiteralExpressionRef::NoneLiteral(_) | LiteralExpressionRef::EllipsisLiteral(_) => {
+            return None;
+        }
     };
     Some(result)
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/simple_defaults.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix, Violation}
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::call_path::CallPath;
 use ruff_python_ast::{
-    self as ast, Arguments, Constant, Expr, Operator, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters, Stmt,
-    UnaryOp,
+    self as ast, Arguments, Expr, Operator, ParameterWithDefault, Parameters, Stmt, UnaryOp,
 };
 use ruff_python_semantic::{ScopeKind, SemanticModel};
 use ruff_source_file::Locator;
@@ -282,7 +281,12 @@ fn is_valid_default_value_with_annotation(
     semantic: &SemanticModel,
 ) -> bool {
     match default {
-        Expr::Constant(_) => {
+        Expr::StringLiteral(_)
+        | Expr::BytesLiteral(_)
+        | Expr::NumberLiteral(_)
+        | Expr::BooleanLiteral(_)
+        | Expr::NoneLiteral(_)
+        | Expr::EllipsisLiteral(_) => {
             return true;
         }
         Expr::List(ast::ExprList { elts, .. })
@@ -314,10 +318,7 @@ fn is_valid_default_value_with_annotation(
         }) => {
             match operand.as_ref() {
                 // Ex) `-1`, `-3.14`, `2j`
-                Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Int(..) | Constant::Float(..) | Constant::Complex { .. },
-                    ..
-                }) => return true,
+                Expr::NumberLiteral(_) => return true,
                 // Ex) `-math.inf`, `-math.pi`, etc.
                 Expr::Attribute(_) => {
                     if semantic
@@ -338,14 +339,14 @@ fn is_valid_default_value_with_annotation(
             range: _,
         }) => {
             // Ex) `1 + 2j`, `1 - 2j`, `-1 - 2j`, `-1 + 2j`
-            if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Complex { .. },
+            if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                value: ast::Number::Complex { .. },
                 ..
             }) = right.as_ref()
             {
                 // Ex) `1 + 2j`, `1 - 2j`
-                if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Int(..) | Constant::Float(..),
+                if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                    value: ast::Number::Int(..) | ast::Number::Float(..),
                     ..
                 }) = left.as_ref()
                 {
@@ -357,8 +358,8 @@ fn is_valid_default_value_with_annotation(
                 }) = left.as_ref()
                 {
                     // Ex) `-1 + 2j`, `-1 - 2j`
-                    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                        value: Constant::Int(..) | Constant::Float(..),
+                    if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                        value: ast::Number::Int(..) | ast::Number::Float(..),
                         ..
                     }) = operand.as_ref()
                     {
@@ -393,13 +394,7 @@ fn is_valid_pep_604_union(annotation: &Expr) -> bool {
                 right,
                 range: _,
             }) => is_valid_pep_604_union_member(left) && is_valid_pep_604_union_member(right),
-            Expr::Name(_)
-            | Expr::Subscript(_)
-            | Expr::Attribute(_)
-            | Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::None,
-                ..
-            }) => true,
+            Expr::Name(_) | Expr::Subscript(_) | Expr::Attribute(_) | Expr::NoneLiteral(_) => true,
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -427,10 +422,8 @@ fn is_valid_default_value_without_annotation(default: &Expr) -> bool {
             | Expr::Name(_)
             | Expr::Attribute(_)
             | Expr::Subscript(_)
-            | Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Ellipsis | Constant::None,
-                ..
-            })
+            | Expr::EllipsisLiteral(_)
+            | Expr::NoneLiteral(_)
     ) || is_valid_pep_604_union(default)
 }
 
@@ -499,14 +492,8 @@ fn is_enum(arguments: Option<&Arguments>, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> bool {
 /// valid type alias. In particular, this function checks for uses of `typing.Any`, `None`,
 /// parameterized generics, and PEP 604-style unions.
 fn is_annotatable_type_alias(value: &Expr, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> bool {
-    matches!(
-        value,
-        Expr::Subscript(_)
-            | Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::None,
-                ..
-            }),
-    ) || is_valid_pep_604_union(value)
+    matches!(value, Expr::Subscript(_) | Expr::NoneLiteral(_))
+        || is_valid_pep_604_union(value)
         || semantic.match_typing_expr(value, "Any")
 }
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/string_or_bytes_too_long.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -51,14 +51,8 @@ pub(crate) fn string_or_bytes_too_long(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr) {
     }
 
     let length = match expr {
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Str(s),
-            ..
-        }) => s.chars().count(),
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Bytes(bytes),
-            ..
-        }) => bytes.len(),
+        Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => value.chars().count(),
+        Expr::BytesLiteral(ast::ExprBytesLiteral { value, .. }) => value.len(),
         _ => return,
     };
     if length <= 50 {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/unrecognized_platform.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Constant, Expr};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Expr};
 
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -123,11 +123,7 @@ pub(crate) fn unrecognized_platform(checker: &mut Checker, test: &Expr) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }),
-        ..
-    }) = right
-    {
+    if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = right {
         // Other values are possible but we don't need them right now.
         // This protects against typos.
         if checker.enabled(Rule::UnrecognizedPlatformName) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/unrecognized_version_info.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::map_subscript;
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Constant, Expr, Int};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Expr, Int};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
@@ -241,8 +241,8 @@ impl ExpectedComparator {
                 step: None,
                 ..
             }) => {
-                if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                    value: Constant::Int(upper),
+                if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                    value: ast::Number::Int(upper),
                     ..
                 }) = upper.as_ref()
                 {
@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ impl ExpectedComparator {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-                value: Constant::Int(Int::ZERO),
+            Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                value: ast::Number::Int(Int::ZERO),
                 ..
             }) => {
                 return Some(ExpectedComparator::MajorDigit);
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ impl ExpectedComparator {
 fn is_int_constant(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     matches!(
         expr,
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: ast::Constant::Int(_),
+        Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+            value: ast::Number::Int(_),
             ..
         })
     )

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pytest_style/rules/assertion.rs

@@ -491,7 +491,8 @@ fn to_pytest_raises_args<'a>(
 
 /// PT015
 pub(crate) fn assert_falsy(checker: &mut Checker, stmt: &Stmt, test: &Expr) {
-    if Truthiness::from_expr(test, |id| checker.semantic().is_builtin(id)).is_falsey() {
+    let truthiness = Truthiness::from_expr(test, |id| checker.semantic().is_builtin(id));
+    if matches!(truthiness, Truthiness::False | Truthiness::Falsey) {
         checker
             .diagnostics
             .push(Diagnostic::new(PytestAssertAlwaysFalse, stmt.range()));

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pytest_style/rules/helpers.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Decorator, Expr, Keyword};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Decorator, Expr, Keyword};
 
 use ruff_python_ast::call_path::collect_call_path;
 use ruff_python_ast::helpers::map_callable;
@@ -44,11 +44,7 @@ pub(super) fn is_pytest_parametrize(decorator: &Decorator, semantic: &SemanticMo
 }
 
 pub(super) fn keyword_is_literal(keyword: &Keyword, literal: &str) -> bool {
-    if let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-        value: Constant::Str(ast::StringConstant { value, .. }),
-        ..
-    }) = &keyword.value
-    {
+    if let Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) = &keyword.value {
         value == literal
     } else {
         false
@@ -57,11 +53,8 @@ pub(super) fn keyword_is_literal(keyword: &Keyword, literal: &str) -> bool {
 
 pub(super) fn is_empty_or_null_string(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
     match expr {
-        Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
-            value: Constant::Str(string),
-            ..
-        }) => string.is_empty(),
-        Expr::Constant(constant) if constant.value.is_none() => true,
+        Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => value.is_empty(),
+        Expr::NoneLiteral(_) => true,
         Expr::FString(ast::ExprFString { values, .. }) => {
             values.iter().all(is_empty_or_null_string)
         }