clean up some claude-isms

When hovering on an attribute name like 'value' in 'instance.value',
the minimal covering node is the Identifier, but we need the Attribute
expression to get the type. Update find_covering_node to track both
the minimal node and minimal expression, preferring the expression.

This fixes hover on attribute accesses. All hover tests now pass.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/build-docker.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 # v3.11.1
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@184bdaa0721073962dff0199f1fb9940f07167d1 # v3.5.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
             type=pep440,pattern={{ version }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
             type=pep440,pattern={{ major }}.{{ minor }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@184bdaa0721073962dff0199f1fb9940f07167d1 # v3.5.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 # v3.11.1
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@184bdaa0721073962dff0199f1fb9940f07167d1 # v3.5.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ jobs:
             type=pep440,pattern={{ version }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
             type=pep440,pattern={{ major }}.{{ minor }},value=${{ fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
 
-      - uses: docker/login-action@184bdaa0721073962dff0199f1fb9940f07167d1 # v3.5.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: |
           rustup component add clippy
@@ -245,21 +245,21 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
         uses: rui314/setup-mold@725a8794d15fc7563f59595bd9556495c0564878 # v1
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install cargo insta"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-insta
       - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
         with:
           enable-cache: "true"
       - name: ty mdtests (GitHub annotations)
@@ -307,21 +307,21 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
         uses: rui314/setup-mold@725a8794d15fc7563f59595bd9556495c0564878 # v1
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install cargo insta"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-insta
       - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
         with:
           enable-cache: "true"
       - name: "Run tests"
@@ -340,15 +340,15 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install cargo nextest"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-nextest
       - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
         with:
           enable-cache: "true"
       - name: "Run tests"
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
       - uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           file: "Cargo.toml"
           field: "workspace.package.rust-version"
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         env:
           MSRV: ${{ steps.msrv.outputs.value }}
@@ -446,13 +446,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
         with:
           workspaces: "fuzz -> target"
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install cargo-binstall"
-        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@20aa316bab4942180bbbabe93237858e8d77f1ed # v1.15.5
+        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@38e8f5e4c386b611d51e8aa997b9a06a3c8eb67a # v1.15.6
       - name: "Install cargo-fuzz"
         # Download the latest version from quick install and not the github releases because github releases only has MUSL targets.
         run: cargo binstall cargo-fuzz --force  --disable-strategies crate-meta-data --no-confirm
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         name: Download Ruff binary to test
         id: download-cached-binary
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup component add rustfmt
       # Run all code generation scripts, and verify that the current output is
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ jobs:
           branch: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
           workflow: "ci.yaml"
           check_artifacts: true
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - name: Fuzz
         env:
           FORCE_COLOR: 1
@@ -703,10 +703,28 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@20aa316bab4942180bbbabe93237858e8d77f1ed # v1.15.5
+      - uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@38e8f5e4c386b611d51e8aa997b9a06a3c8eb67a # v1.15.6
       - run: cargo binstall --no-confirm cargo-shear
       - run: cargo shear
 
+  ty-completion-evaluation:
+    name: "ty completion evaluation"
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-22.04-16
+    needs: determine_changes
+    if: ${{ needs.determine_changes.outputs.ty == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
+      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
+        run: rustup show
+      - name: "Run ty completion evaluation"
+        run: cargo run --release --package ty_completion_eval -- all --threshold 0.1 --tasks /tmp/completion-evaluation-tasks.csv
+      - name: "Ensure there are no changes"
+        run: diff ./crates/ty_completion_eval/completion-evaluation-tasks.csv /tmp/completion-evaluation-tasks.csv
+
   python-package:
     name: "python package"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -720,7 +738,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           architecture: x64
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Prep README.md"
         run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
       - name: "Build wheels"
@@ -743,13 +761,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
         with:
           node-version: 22
       - name: "Cache pre-commit"
-        uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809 # v4.2.4
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
           key: pre-commit-${{ hashFiles('.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
@@ -777,7 +795,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Add SSH key"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
         uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@a6f90b1f127823b31d4d4a8d96047790581349bd # v0.9.1
@@ -786,7 +804,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - name: "Install Insiders dependencies"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
         run: uv pip install -r docs/requirements-insiders.txt --system
@@ -816,7 +834,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Run checks"
@@ -886,7 +904,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
         with:
           node-version: 22
@@ -911,7 +929,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs: determine_changes
     if: |
-      github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' || 
+      github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' ||
       (needs.determine_changes.outputs.formatter == 'true' || needs.determine_changes.outputs.linter == 'true')
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
@@ -920,22 +938,22 @@ jobs:
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
 
       - name: "Install codspeed"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-codspeed
 
       - name: "Build benchmarks"
-        run: cargo codspeed build --features "codspeed,instrumented" --no-default-features -p ruff_benchmark formatter lexer linter parser
+        run: cargo codspeed build --features "codspeed,instrumented" --no-default-features -p ruff_benchmark --bench formatter --bench lexer --bench linter --bench parser
 
       - name: "Run benchmarks"
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@653fdc30e6c40ffd9739e40c8a0576f4f4523ca1 # v4.0.1
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@3959e9e296ef25296e93e32afcc97196f966e57f # v4.1.0
         with:
           mode: instrumentation
           run: cargo codspeed run
@@ -946,7 +964,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs: determine_changes
     if: |
-      github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' || 
+      github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' ||
       needs.determine_changes.outputs.ty == 'true'
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
@@ -955,22 +973,22 @@ jobs:
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
 
       - name: "Install codspeed"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-codspeed
 
       - name: "Build benchmarks"
-        run: cargo codspeed build --features "codspeed,instrumented" --no-default-features -p ruff_benchmark ty
+        run: cargo codspeed build --features "codspeed,instrumented" --no-default-features -p ruff_benchmark --bench ty
 
       - name: "Run benchmarks"
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@653fdc30e6c40ffd9739e40c8a0576f4f4523ca1 # v4.0.1
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@3959e9e296ef25296e93e32afcc97196f966e57f # v4.1.0
         with:
           mode: instrumentation
           run: cargo codspeed run
@@ -989,14 +1007,14 @@ jobs:
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
 
       - name: "Install codspeed"
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@67cc679904bee382389bf22082124fa963c6f6bd # v2.61.3
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@522492a8c115f1b6d4d318581f09638e9442547b # v2.62.21
         with:
           tool: cargo-codspeed
 
@@ -1004,7 +1022,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo codspeed build --features "codspeed,walltime" --no-default-features -p ruff_benchmark
 
       - name: "Run benchmarks"
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@653fdc30e6c40ffd9739e40c8a0576f4f4523ca1 # v4.0.1
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@3959e9e296ef25296e93e32afcc97196f966e57f # v4.1.0
         env:
           # enabling walltime flamegraphs adds ~6 minutes to the CI time, and they don't
           # appear to provide much useful insight for our walltime benchmarks right now

.github/workflows/daily_fuzz.yaml

@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
       - name: "Install mold"
         uses: rui314/setup-mold@725a8794d15fc7563f59595bd9556495c0564878 # v1
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
       - name: Build ruff
         # A debug build means the script runs slower once it gets started,
         # but this is outweighed by the fact that a release build takes *much* longer to compile in CI

.github/workflows/mypy_primer.yaml

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install the latest version of uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
         with:
           workspaces: "ruff"
 
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install the latest version of uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
         with:
           workspaces: "ruff"
 

.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
         run: rustup show
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
 
       - name: "Install Insiders dependencies"
         if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}

.github/workflows/publish-pypi.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       id-token: write
     steps:
       - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           pattern: wheels-*

.github/workflows/sync_typeshed.yaml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config --global user.name typeshedbot
           git config --global user.email '<>'
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - name: Sync typeshed stubs
         run: |
           rm -rf "ruff/${VENDORED_TYPESHED}"
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           persist-credentials: true
           ref: ${{ env.UPSTREAM_BRANCH}}
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - name: Setup git
         run: |
           git config --global user.name typeshedbot
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           persist-credentials: true
           ref: ${{ env.UPSTREAM_BRANCH}}
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       - name: Setup git
         run: |
           git config --global user.name typeshedbot

.github/workflows/ty-ecosystem-analyzer.yaml

@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install the latest version of uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
         with:
           workspaces: "ruff"
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
 
           cd ..
 
-          uv tool install "git+https://github.com/astral-sh/ecosystem-analyzer@fc0f612798710b0dd69bb7528bc9b361dc60bd43"
+          uv tool install "git+https://github.com/astral-sh/ecosystem-analyzer@279f8a15b0e7f77213bf9096dbc2335a19ef89c5"
 
           ecosystem-analyzer \
             --repository ruff \

.github/workflows/ty-ecosystem-report.yaml

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install the latest version of uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@b75a909f75acd358c2196fb9a5f1299a9a8868a4 # v6.7.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
         with:
           workspaces: "ruff"
 
@@ -49,12 +49,13 @@ jobs:
 
           cd ..
 
-          uv tool install "git+https://github.com/astral-sh/ecosystem-analyzer@fc0f612798710b0dd69bb7528bc9b361dc60bd43"
+          uv tool install "git+https://github.com/astral-sh/ecosystem-analyzer@279f8a15b0e7f77213bf9096dbc2335a19ef89c5"
 
           ecosystem-analyzer \
             --verbose \
             --repository ruff \
             analyze \
+            --profile=release \
             --projects ruff/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/primer/good.txt \
             --output ecosystem-diagnostics.json
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
 
           ecosystem-analyzer \
             generate-report \
-            --max-diagnostics-per-project=1200 \
+            --max-diagnostics-per-project=1000 \
             ecosystem-diagnostics.json \
             --output dist/index.html
 

.github/workflows/typing_conformance.yaml

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
           path: typing
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@f13886b937689c021905a6b90929199931d60db1 # v2.8.1
         with:
           workspaces: "ruff"
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ exclude: |
     crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/.*|
     crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/.*|
     crates/ruff_python_resolver/resources/.*|
-    crates/ruff_python_resolver/tests/snapshots/.*
+    crates/ruff_python_resolver/tests/snapshots/.*|
+    crates/ty_completion_eval/truth/.*
   )$
 
 repos:

BREAKING_CHANGES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # Breaking Changes
 
+## 0.14.0
+
+- **Default to Python 3.10**
+
+    Ruff now defaults to Python 3.10 instead of 3.9 if no explicit Python
+    version is configured using [`ruff.target-version`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/settings/#target-version)
+    or [`project.requires-python`](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#python-requires)
+    ([#20725](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20725))
+
+- **Default to Python 3.14 for syntax errors**
+
+    Ruff will default to the _latest_ supported Python version (3.14) when
+    checking for syntax errors without a Python version configured. The default
+    in all other cases, like applying lint rules, remains at the minimum
+    supported Python version (3.10).
+
 ## 0.13.0
 
 - **Several rules can now add `from __future__ import annotations` automatically**

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,223 +1,46 @@
 # Changelog
 
-## 0.13.2
+## 0.14.0
 
-Released on 2025-09-25.
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`flake8-async`\] Implement `blocking-path-method` (`ASYNC240`) ([#20264](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20264))
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Implement `map-without-explicit-strict` (`B912`) ([#20429](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20429))
-- \[`flake8-bultins`\] Detect class-scope builtin shadowing in decorators, default args, and attribute initializers (`A003`) ([#20178](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20178))
-- \[`ruff`\] Implement `logging-eager-conversion` (`RUF065`) ([#19942](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19942))
-- Include `.pyw` files by default when linting and formatting ([#20458](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20458))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Deduplicate input paths ([#20105](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20105))
-- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Preserve trailing commas for single-element lists (`C409`) ([#19571](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19571))
-- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Avoid syntax error from conflict with `PIE790` (`PYI021`) ([#20010](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20010))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Correct fix for positive `maxsplit` without separator (`SIM905`) ([#20056](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20056))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Fix `UP008` not to apply when `__class__` is a local variable ([#20497](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20497))
-- \[`ruff`\] Fix `B004` to skip invalid `hasattr`/`getattr` calls ([#20486](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20486))
-- \[`ruff`\] Replace `-nan` with `nan` when using the value to construct a `Decimal` (`FURB164` ) ([#20391](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20391))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- Add 'Finding ways to help' to CONTRIBUTING.md ([#20567](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20567))
-- Update import path to `ruff-wasm-web` ([#20539](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20539))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Clarify the supported hashing functions (`S324`) ([#20534](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20534))
-
-### Other changes
-
-- \[`playground`\] Allow hover quick fixes to appear for overlapping diagnostics ([#20527](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20527))
-- \[`playground`\] Fix non‑BMP code point handling in quick fixes and markers ([#20526](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20526))
-
-### Contributors
-
-- [@BurntSushi](https://github.com/BurntSushi)
-- [@mtshiba](https://github.com/mtshiba)
-- [@second-ed](https://github.com/second-ed)
-- [@danparizher](https://github.com/danparizher)
-- [@ShikChen](https://github.com/ShikChen)
-- [@PieterCK](https://github.com/PieterCK)
-- [@GDYendell](https://github.com/GDYendell)
-- [@RazerM](https://github.com/RazerM)
-- [@TaKO8Ki](https://github.com/TaKO8Ki)
-- [@amyreese](https://github.com/amyreese)
-- [@ntbre](https://github.com/ntBre)
-- [@MichaReiser](https://github.com/MichaReiser)
-
-## 0.13.1
-
-Released on 2025-09-18.
-
-### Preview features
-
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Detect unnecessary `None` default for additional key expression types (`SIM910`) ([#20343](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20343))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Add fix for `PTH123` ([#20169](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20169))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Fix `PTH101`, `PTH104`, `PTH105`, `PTH121` fixes ([#20143](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20143))
-- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Make `PTH111` fix unsafe because it can change behavior ([#20215](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20215))
-- \[`pycodestyle`\] Fix `E301` to only trigger for functions immediately within a class ([#19768](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19768))
-- \[`refurb`\] Mark `single-item-membership-test` fix as always unsafe (`FURB171`) ([#20279](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20279))
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-- Handle t-strings for token-based rules and suppression comments ([#20357](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20357))
-- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Fix truthiness: dict-only `**` displays not truthy for `shell` (`S602`, `S604`, `S609`) ([#20177](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20177))
-- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Fix diagnostic to show correct method name for `str.rsplit` calls (`SIM905`) ([#20459](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20459))
-- \[`flynt`\] Use triple quotes for joined raw strings with newlines (`FLY002`) ([#20197](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20197))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Fix false positive when class name is shadowed by local variable (`UP008`) ([#20427](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20427))
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Prevent infinite loop with `I002` and `UP026` ([#20327](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20327))
-- \[`ruff`\] Recognize t-strings, generators, and lambdas in `invalid-index-type` (`RUF016`) ([#20213](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20213))
-
-### Rule changes
-
-- \[`RUF102`\] Respect rule redirects in invalid rule code detection ([#20245](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20245))
-- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Mark the fix for `unreliable-callable-check` as always unsafe (`B004`) ([#20318](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20318))
-- \[`ruff`\] Allow dataclass attribute value instantiation from nested frozen dataclass (`RUF009`) ([#20352](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20352))
-
-### CLI
-
-- Add fixes to `output-format=sarif` ([#20300](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20300))
-- Treat panics as fatal diagnostics, sort panics last ([#20258](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20258))
-
-### Documentation
-
-- \[`ruff`\] Add `analyze.string-imports-min-dots` to settings ([#20375](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20375))
-- Update README.md with Albumentations new repository URL ([#20415](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20415))
-
-### Other changes
-
-- Bump MSRV to Rust 1.88 ([#20470](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20470))
-- Enable inline noqa for multiline strings in playground ([#20442](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20442))
-
-### Contributors
-
-- [@chirizxc](https://github.com/chirizxc)
-- [@danparizher](https://github.com/danparizher)
-- [@IDrokin117](https://github.com/IDrokin117)
-- [@amyreese](https://github.com/amyreese)
-- [@AlexWaygood](https://github.com/AlexWaygood)
-- [@dylwil3](https://github.com/dylwil3)
-- [@njhearp](https://github.com/njhearp)
-- [@woodruffw](https://github.com/woodruffw)
-- [@dcreager](https://github.com/dcreager)
-- [@TaKO8Ki](https://github.com/TaKO8Ki)
-- [@BurntSushi](https://github.com/BurntSushi)
-- [@salahelfarissi](https://github.com/salahelfarissi)
-- [@MichaReiser](https://github.com/MichaReiser)
-
-## 0.13.0
-
-Check out the [blog post](https://astral.sh/blog/ruff-v0.13.0) for a migration
-guide and overview of the changes!
+Released on 2025-10-07.
 
 ### Breaking changes
 
-- **Several rules can now add `from __future__ import annotations` automatically**
-
-    `TC001`, `TC002`, `TC003`, `RUF013`, and `UP037` now add `from __future__ import annotations` as part of their fixes when the
-    `lint.future-annotations` setting is enabled. This allows the rules to move
-    more imports into `TYPE_CHECKING` blocks (`TC001`, `TC002`, and `TC003`),
-    use PEP 604 union syntax on Python versions before 3.10 (`RUF013`), and
-    unquote more annotations (`UP037`).
-
-- **Full module paths are now used to verify first-party modules**
-
-    Ruff now checks that the full path to a module exists on disk before
-    categorizing it as a first-party import. This change makes first-party
-    import detection more accurate, helping to avoid false positives on local
-    directories with the same name as a third-party dependency, for example. See
-    the [FAQ
-    section](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruff-determine-which-of-my-imports-are-first-party-third-party-etc) on import categorization for more details.
-
-- **Deprecated rules must now be selected by exact rule code**
-
-    Ruff will no longer activate deprecated rules selected by their group name
-    or prefix. As noted below, the two remaining deprecated rules were also
-    removed in this release, so this won't affect any current rules, but it will
-    still affect any deprecations in the future.
-
-- **The deprecated macOS configuration directory fallback has been removed**
-
-    Ruff will no longer look for a user-level configuration file at
-    `~/Library/Application Support/ruff/ruff.toml` on macOS. This feature was
-    deprecated in v0.5 in favor of using the [XDG
-    specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/latest/)
-    (usually resolving to `~/.config/ruff/ruff.toml`), like on Linux. The
-    fallback and accompanying deprecation warning have now been removed.
-
-### Removed Rules
-
-The following rules have been removed:
-
-- [`pandas-df-variable-name`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pandas-df-variable-name) (`PD901`)
-- [`non-pep604-isinstance`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep604-isinstance) (`UP038`)
-
-### Stabilization
-
-The following rules have been stabilized and are no longer in preview:
-
-- [`airflow-dag-no-schedule-argument`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow-dag-no-schedule-argument)
-    (`AIR002`)
-- [`airflow3-removal`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-removal) (`AIR301`)
-- [`airflow3-moved-to-provider`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-moved-to-provider)
-    (`AIR302`)
-- [`airflow3-suggested-update`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-suggested-update)
-    (`AIR311`)
-- [`airflow3-suggested-to-move-to-provider`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-suggested-to-move-to-provider)
-    (`AIR312`)
-- [`long-sleep-not-forever`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/long-sleep-not-forever) (`ASYNC116`)
-- [`f-string-number-format`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/f-string-number-format) (`FURB116`)
-- [`os-symlink`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/os-symlink) (`PTH211`)
-- [`generic-not-last-base-class`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/generic-not-last-base-class)
-    (`PYI059`)
-- [`redundant-none-literal`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/redundant-none-literal) (`PYI061`)
-- [`pytest-raises-ambiguous-pattern`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pytest-raises-ambiguous-pattern)
-    (`RUF043`)
-- [`unused-unpacked-variable`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unused-unpacked-variable)
-    (`RUF059`)
-- [`useless-class-metaclass-type`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/useless-class-metaclass-type)
-    (`UP050`)
-
-The following behaviors have been stabilized:
-
-- [`assert-raises-exception`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/assert-raises-exception) (`B017`)
-    now checks for direct calls to `unittest.TestCase.assert_raises` and `pytest.raises` instead of
-    only the context manager forms.
-- [`missing-trailing-comma`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/missing-trailing-comma) (`COM812`)
-    and [`prohibited-trailing-comma`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/prohibited-trailing-comma)
-    (`COM819`) now check for trailing commas in PEP 695 type parameter lists.
-- [`raw-string-in-exception`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/raw-string-in-exception) (`EM101`)
-    now also checks for byte strings in exception messages.
-- [`invalid-mock-access`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-mock-access) (`PGH005`) now
-    checks for `AsyncMock` methods like `not_awaited` in addition to the synchronous variants.
-- [`useless-import-alias`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/useless-import-alias) (`PLC0414`) no
-    longer applies to `__init__.py` files, where it conflicted with one of the suggested fixes for
-    [`unused-import`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unused-import) (`F401`).
-- [`bidirectional-unicode`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/bidirectional-unicode) (`PLE2502`) now
-    also checks for U+061C (Arabic Letter Mark).
-- The fix for
-    [`multiple-with-statements`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/multiple-with-statements)
-    (`SIM117`) is now marked as always safe.
+- Update default and latest Python versions for 3.14 ([#20725](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20725))
 
 ### Preview features
 
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Enable `UP043` in stub files ([#20027](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20027))
+- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Include certain guaranteed-mutable expressions: tuples, generators, and assignment expressions (`B006`) ([#20024](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20024))
+- \[`refurb`\] Add fixes for `FURB101` and `FURB103` ([#20520](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20520))
+- \[`ruff`\] Extend `FA102` with listed PEP 585-compatible APIs ([#20659](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20659))
 
 ### Bug fixes
 
-- \[`pyupgrade`\] Apply `UP008` only when the `__class__` cell exists ([#19424](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19424))
-- \[`ruff`\] Fix empty f-string detection in `in-empty-collection` (`RUF060`) ([#20249](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20249))
-
-### Server
-
-- Add support for using uv as an alternative formatter backend ([#19665](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19665))
+- \[`flake8-annotations`\] Fix return type annotations to handle shadowed builtin symbols (`ANN201`, `ANN202`, `ANN204`, `ANN205`, `ANN206`) ([#20612](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20612))
+- \[`flynt`\] Fix f-string quoting for mixed quote joiners (`FLY002`) ([#20662](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20662))
+- \[`isort`\] Fix inserting required imports before future imports (`I002`) ([#20676](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20676))
+- \[`ruff`\] Handle argfile expansion errors gracefully ([#20691](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20691))
+- \[`ruff`\] Skip `RUF051` if `else`/`elif` block is present ([#20705](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20705))
+- \[`ruff`\] Improve handling of intermixed comments inside from-imports ([#20561](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20561))
 
 ### Documentation
 
-- \[`pep8-naming`\] Fix formatting of `__all__` (`N816`) ([#20301](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20301))
+- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Clarify fix safety documentation (`C413`) ([#20640](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20640))
+
+### Contributors
+
+- [@danparizher](https://github.com/danparizher)
+- [@terror](https://github.com/terror)
+- [@TaKO8Ki](https://github.com/TaKO8Ki)
+- [@ntBre](https://github.com/ntBre)
+- [@njhearp](https://github.com/njhearp)
+- [@amyreese](https://github.com/amyreese)
+- [@IDrokin117](https://github.com/IDrokin117)
+- [@chirizxc](https://github.com/chirizxc)
+
+## 0.13.x
+
+See [changelogs/0.13.x](./changelogs/0.13.x.md)
 
 ## 0.12.x
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ exploration of new features, we will often close these pull requests immediately
 new feature to ruff creates a long-term maintenance burden and requires strong consensus from the ruff
 team before it is appropriate to begin work on an implementation.
 
+## The Basics
+
 ### Prerequisites
 
 Ruff is written in Rust. You'll need to install the
@@ -319,10 +321,16 @@ them to [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/ruff/).
 Ruff follows the [semver](https://semver.org/) versioning standard. However, as pre-1.0 software,
 even patch releases may contain [non-backwards-compatible changes](https://semver.org/#spec-item-4).
 
-### Creating a new release
+### Installing tools
 
 1. Install `uv`: `curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh`
 
+1. Install `npm`: `brew install npm` or similar
+
+### Creating a new release
+
+Commit each step of this process separately for easier review.
+
 1. Run `./scripts/release.sh`; this command will:
 
     - Generate a temporary virtual environment with `rooster`
@@ -335,6 +343,7 @@ even patch releases may contain [non-backwards-compatible changes](https://semve
 
     - Often labels will be missing from pull requests they will need to be manually organized into the proper section
     - Changes should be edited to be user-facing descriptions, avoiding internal details
+    - Square brackets (eg, `[ruff]` project name) will be automatically escaped by `pre-commit`
 
     Additionally, for minor releases:
 
@@ -374,13 +383,13 @@ even patch releases may contain [non-backwards-compatible changes](https://semve
 
 1. Verify the GitHub release:
 
-    1. The Changelog should match the content of `CHANGELOG.md`
-    1. Append the contributors from the `scripts/release.sh` script
+    1. The changelog should match the content of `CHANGELOG.md`
 
 1. If needed, [update the schemastore](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/scripts/update_schemastore.py).
 
     1. One can determine if an update is needed when
         `git diff old-version-tag new-version-tag -- ruff.schema.json` returns a non-empty diff.
+    1. Run `uv run --only-dev --no-sync scripts/update_schemastore.py --proto <https|ssh>`
     1. Once run successfully, you should follow the link in the output to create a PR.
 
 1. If needed, update the [`ruff-lsp`](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-lsp) and

Cargo.lock

@@ -818,6 +818,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "csv"
+version = "1.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "acdc4883a9c96732e4733212c01447ebd805833b7275a73ca3ee080fd77afdaf"
+dependencies = [
+ "csv-core",
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "csv-core"
+version = "0.1.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7d02f3b0da4c6504f86e9cd789d8dbafab48c2321be74e9987593de5a894d93d"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ctrlc"
 version = "3.5.0"
@@ -2738,7 +2759,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.13.2"
+version = "0.14.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "argfile",
@@ -2777,6 +2798,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ruff_python_ast",
  "ruff_python_formatter",
  "ruff_python_parser",
+ "ruff_python_trivia",
  "ruff_server",
  "ruff_source_file",
  "ruff_text_size",
@@ -2994,7 +3016,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_linter"
-version = "0.13.2"
+version = "0.14.0"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "anyhow",
@@ -3348,7 +3370,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff_wasm"
-version = "0.13.2"
+version = "0.14.0"
 dependencies = [
  "console_error_panic_hook",
  "console_log",
@@ -4227,6 +4249,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "ty_python_semantic",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ty_completion_eval"
+version = "0.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bstr",
+ "clap",
+ "csv",
+ "regex",
+ "ruff_db",
+ "ruff_text_size",
+ "serde",
+ "tempfile",
+ "toml",
+ "ty_ide",
+ "ty_project",
+ "ty_python_semantic",
+ "walkdir",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ty_ide"
 version = "0.0.0"
@@ -4418,6 +4460,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.16",
  "toml",
  "tracing",
+ "ty_ide",
  "ty_python_semantic",
  "ty_static",
  "ty_vendored",
@@ -4449,6 +4492,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ruff_source_file",
  "ruff_text_size",
  "serde-wasm-bindgen",
+ "tracing",
  "ty_ide",
  "ty_project",
  "ty_python_semantic",

Cargo.toml

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ ruff_workspace = { path = "crates/ruff_workspace" }
 
 ty = { path = "crates/ty" }
 ty_combine = { path = "crates/ty_combine" }
+ty_completion_eval = { path = "crates/ty_completion_eval" }
 ty_ide = { path = "crates/ty_ide" }
 ty_project = { path = "crates/ty_project", default-features = false }
 ty_python_semantic = { path = "crates/ty_python_semantic" }
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ camino = { version = "1.1.7" }
 clap = { version = "4.5.3", features = ["derive"] }
 clap_complete_command = { version = "0.6.0" }
 clearscreen = { version = "4.0.0" }
+csv = { version = "1.3.1" }
 divan = { package = "codspeed-divan-compat", version = "3.0.2" }
 codspeed-criterion-compat = { version = "3.0.2", default-features = false }
 colored = { version = "3.0.0" }
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ wild = { version = "2" }
 zip = { version = "0.6.6", default-features = false }
 
 [workspace.metadata.cargo-shear]
-ignored = ["getrandom", "ruff_options_metadata", "uuid", "get-size2"]
+ignored = ["getrandom", "ruff_options_metadata", "uuid", "get-size2", "ty_completion_eval"]
 
 
 [workspace.lints.rust]

README.md

@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/install.sh | sh
 powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/install.ps1 | iex"
 
 # For a specific version.
-curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.13.2/install.sh | sh
-powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.13.2/install.ps1 | iex"
+curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.14.0/install.sh | sh
+powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.14.0/install.ps1 | iex"
 ```
 
 You can also install Ruff via [Homebrew](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/ruff), [Conda](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/ruff),
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Ruff can also be used as a [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) hook via [`ruff
 ```yaml
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
   # Ruff version.
-  rev: v0.13.2
+  rev: v0.14.0
   hooks:
     # Run the linter.
     - id: ruff-check

_typos.toml

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ extend-ignore-re = [
     "typ",
     # TODO: Remove this once the `TYP` redirects are removed from `rule_redirects.rs`
     "TYP",
+    "ntBre"
 ]
 
 [default.extend-identifiers]

changelogs/0.13.x.md

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+# Changelog 0.13.x
+
+## 0.13.0
+
+Check out the [blog post](https://astral.sh/blog/ruff-v0.13.0) for a migration
+guide and overview of the changes!
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- **Several rules can now add `from __future__ import annotations` automatically**
+
+    `TC001`, `TC002`, `TC003`, `RUF013`, and `UP037` now add `from __future__ import annotations` as part of their fixes when the
+    `lint.future-annotations` setting is enabled. This allows the rules to move
+    more imports into `TYPE_CHECKING` blocks (`TC001`, `TC002`, and `TC003`),
+    use PEP 604 union syntax on Python versions before 3.10 (`RUF013`), and
+    unquote more annotations (`UP037`).
+
+- **Full module paths are now used to verify first-party modules**
+
+    Ruff now checks that the full path to a module exists on disk before
+    categorizing it as a first-party import. This change makes first-party
+    import detection more accurate, helping to avoid false positives on local
+    directories with the same name as a third-party dependency, for example. See
+    the [FAQ
+    section](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruff-determine-which-of-my-imports-are-first-party-third-party-etc) on import categorization for more details.
+
+- **Deprecated rules must now be selected by exact rule code**
+
+    Ruff will no longer activate deprecated rules selected by their group name
+    or prefix. As noted below, the two remaining deprecated rules were also
+    removed in this release, so this won't affect any current rules, but it will
+    still affect any deprecations in the future.
+
+- **The deprecated macOS configuration directory fallback has been removed**
+
+    Ruff will no longer look for a user-level configuration file at
+    `~/Library/Application Support/ruff/ruff.toml` on macOS. This feature was
+    deprecated in v0.5 in favor of using the [XDG
+    specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/latest/)
+    (usually resolving to `~/.config/ruff/ruff.toml`), like on Linux. The
+    fallback and accompanying deprecation warning have now been removed.
+
+### Removed Rules
+
+The following rules have been removed:
+
+- [`pandas-df-variable-name`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pandas-df-variable-name) (`PD901`)
+- [`non-pep604-isinstance`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep604-isinstance) (`UP038`)
+
+### Stabilization
+
+The following rules have been stabilized and are no longer in preview:
+
+- [`airflow-dag-no-schedule-argument`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow-dag-no-schedule-argument)
+    (`AIR002`)
+- [`airflow3-removal`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-removal) (`AIR301`)
+- [`airflow3-moved-to-provider`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-moved-to-provider)
+    (`AIR302`)
+- [`airflow3-suggested-update`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-suggested-update)
+    (`AIR311`)
+- [`airflow3-suggested-to-move-to-provider`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/airflow3-suggested-to-move-to-provider)
+    (`AIR312`)
+- [`long-sleep-not-forever`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/long-sleep-not-forever) (`ASYNC116`)
+- [`f-string-number-format`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/f-string-number-format) (`FURB116`)
+- [`os-symlink`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/os-symlink) (`PTH211`)
+- [`generic-not-last-base-class`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/generic-not-last-base-class)
+    (`PYI059`)
+- [`redundant-none-literal`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/redundant-none-literal) (`PYI061`)
+- [`pytest-raises-ambiguous-pattern`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/pytest-raises-ambiguous-pattern)
+    (`RUF043`)
+- [`unused-unpacked-variable`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unused-unpacked-variable)
+    (`RUF059`)
+- [`useless-class-metaclass-type`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/useless-class-metaclass-type)
+    (`UP050`)
+
+The following behaviors have been stabilized:
+
+- [`assert-raises-exception`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/assert-raises-exception) (`B017`)
+    now checks for direct calls to `unittest.TestCase.assert_raises` and `pytest.raises` instead of
+    only the context manager forms.
+- [`missing-trailing-comma`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/missing-trailing-comma) (`COM812`)
+    and [`prohibited-trailing-comma`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/prohibited-trailing-comma)
+    (`COM819`) now check for trailing commas in PEP 695 type parameter lists.
+- [`raw-string-in-exception`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/raw-string-in-exception) (`EM101`)
+    now also checks for byte strings in exception messages.
+- [`invalid-mock-access`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/invalid-mock-access) (`PGH005`) now
+    checks for `AsyncMock` methods like `not_awaited` in addition to the synchronous variants.
+- [`useless-import-alias`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/useless-import-alias) (`PLC0414`) no
+    longer applies to `__init__.py` files, where it conflicted with one of the suggested fixes for
+    [`unused-import`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/unused-import) (`F401`).
+- [`bidirectional-unicode`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/bidirectional-unicode) (`PLE2502`) now
+    also checks for U+061C (Arabic Letter Mark).
+- The fix for
+    [`multiple-with-statements`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/multiple-with-statements)
+    (`SIM117`) is now marked as always safe.
+
+### Preview features
+
+- \[`pyupgrade`\] Enable `UP043` in stub files ([#20027](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20027))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- \[`pyupgrade`\] Apply `UP008` only when the `__class__` cell exists ([#19424](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19424))
+- \[`ruff`\] Fix empty f-string detection in `in-empty-collection` (`RUF060`) ([#20249](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20249))
+
+### Server
+
+- Add support for using uv as an alternative formatter backend ([#19665](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19665))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- \[`pep8-naming`\] Fix formatting of `__all__` (`N816`) ([#20301](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20301))
+
+## 0.13.1
+
+Released on 2025-09-18.
+
+### Preview features
+
+- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Detect unnecessary `None` default for additional key expression types (`SIM910`) ([#20343](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20343))
+- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Add fix for `PTH123` ([#20169](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20169))
+- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Fix `PTH101`, `PTH104`, `PTH105`, `PTH121` fixes ([#20143](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20143))
+- \[`flake8-use-pathlib`\] Make `PTH111` fix unsafe because it can change behavior ([#20215](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20215))
+- \[`pycodestyle`\] Fix `E301` to only trigger for functions immediately within a class ([#19768](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19768))
+- \[`refurb`\] Mark `single-item-membership-test` fix as always unsafe (`FURB171`) ([#20279](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20279))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Handle t-strings for token-based rules and suppression comments ([#20357](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20357))
+- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Fix truthiness: dict-only `**` displays not truthy for `shell` (`S602`, `S604`, `S609`) ([#20177](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20177))
+- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Fix diagnostic to show correct method name for `str.rsplit` calls (`SIM905`) ([#20459](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20459))
+- \[`flynt`\] Use triple quotes for joined raw strings with newlines (`FLY002`) ([#20197](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20197))
+- \[`pyupgrade`\] Fix false positive when class name is shadowed by local variable (`UP008`) ([#20427](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20427))
+- \[`pyupgrade`\] Prevent infinite loop with `I002` and `UP026` ([#20327](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20327))
+- \[`ruff`\] Recognize t-strings, generators, and lambdas in `invalid-index-type` (`RUF016`) ([#20213](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20213))
+
+### Rule changes
+
+- \[`RUF102`\] Respect rule redirects in invalid rule code detection ([#20245](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20245))
+- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Mark the fix for `unreliable-callable-check` as always unsafe (`B004`) ([#20318](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20318))
+- \[`ruff`\] Allow dataclass attribute value instantiation from nested frozen dataclass (`RUF009`) ([#20352](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20352))
+
+### CLI
+
+- Add fixes to `output-format=sarif` ([#20300](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20300))
+- Treat panics as fatal diagnostics, sort panics last ([#20258](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20258))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- \[`ruff`\] Add `analyze.string-imports-min-dots` to settings ([#20375](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20375))
+- Update README.md with Albumentations new repository URL ([#20415](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20415))
+
+### Other changes
+
+- Bump MSRV to Rust 1.88 ([#20470](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20470))
+- Enable inline noqa for multiline strings in playground ([#20442](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20442))
+
+### Contributors
+
+- [@chirizxc](https://github.com/chirizxc)
+- [@danparizher](https://github.com/danparizher)
+- [@IDrokin117](https://github.com/IDrokin117)
+- [@amyreese](https://github.com/amyreese)
+- [@AlexWaygood](https://github.com/AlexWaygood)
+- [@dylwil3](https://github.com/dylwil3)
+- [@njhearp](https://github.com/njhearp)
+- [@woodruffw](https://github.com/woodruffw)
+- [@dcreager](https://github.com/dcreager)
+- [@TaKO8Ki](https://github.com/TaKO8Ki)
+- [@BurntSushi](https://github.com/BurntSushi)
+- [@salahelfarissi](https://github.com/salahelfarissi)
+- [@MichaReiser](https://github.com/MichaReiser)
+
+## 0.13.2
+
+Released on 2025-09-25.
+
+### Preview features
+
+- \[`flake8-async`\] Implement `blocking-path-method` (`ASYNC240`) ([#20264](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20264))
+- \[`flake8-bugbear`\] Implement `map-without-explicit-strict` (`B912`) ([#20429](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20429))
+- \[`flake8-bultins`\] Detect class-scope builtin shadowing in decorators, default args, and attribute initializers (`A003`) ([#20178](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20178))
+- \[`ruff`\] Implement `logging-eager-conversion` (`RUF065`) ([#19942](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19942))
+- Include `.pyw` files by default when linting and formatting ([#20458](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20458))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Deduplicate input paths ([#20105](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20105))
+- \[`flake8-comprehensions`\] Preserve trailing commas for single-element lists (`C409`) ([#19571](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19571))
+- \[`flake8-pyi`\] Avoid syntax error from conflict with `PIE790` (`PYI021`) ([#20010](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20010))
+- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Correct fix for positive `maxsplit` without separator (`SIM905`) ([#20056](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20056))
+- \[`pyupgrade`\] Fix `UP008` not to apply when `__class__` is a local variable ([#20497](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20497))
+- \[`ruff`\] Fix `B004` to skip invalid `hasattr`/`getattr` calls ([#20486](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20486))
+- \[`ruff`\] Replace `-nan` with `nan` when using the value to construct a `Decimal` (`FURB164` ) ([#20391](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20391))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add 'Finding ways to help' to CONTRIBUTING.md ([#20567](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20567))
+- Update import path to `ruff-wasm-web` ([#20539](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20539))
+- \[`flake8-bandit`\] Clarify the supported hashing functions (`S324`) ([#20534](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20534))
+
+### Other changes
+
+- \[`playground`\] Allow hover quick fixes to appear for overlapping diagnostics ([#20527](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20527))
+- \[`playground`\] Fix non‑BMP code point handling in quick fixes and markers ([#20526](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20526))
+
+### Contributors
+
+- [@BurntSushi](https://github.com/BurntSushi)
+- [@mtshiba](https://github.com/mtshiba)
+- [@second-ed](https://github.com/second-ed)
+- [@danparizher](https://github.com/danparizher)
+- [@ShikChen](https://github.com/ShikChen)
+- [@PieterCK](https://github.com/PieterCK)
+- [@GDYendell](https://github.com/GDYendell)
+- [@RazerM](https://github.com/RazerM)
+- [@TaKO8Ki](https://github.com/TaKO8Ki)
+- [@amyreese](https://github.com/amyreese)
+- [@ntbre](https://github.com/ntBre)
+- [@MichaReiser](https://github.com/MichaReiser)
+
+## 0.13.3
+
+Released on 2025-10-02.
+
+### Preview features
+
+- Display diffs for `ruff format --check` and add support for different output formats ([#20443](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20443))
+- \[`pyflakes`\] Handle some common submodule import situations for `unused-import` (`F401`) ([#20200](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20200))
+- \[`ruff`\] Do not flag `%r` + `repr()` combinations (`RUF065`) ([#20600](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20600))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- \[`cli`\] Add conflict between `--add-noqa` and `--diff` options ([#20642](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20642))
+- \[`pylint`\] Exempt required imports from `PLR0402` ([#20381](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20381))
+- \[`pylint`\] Fix missing `max-nested-blocks` in settings display ([#20574](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20574))
+- \[`pyupgrade`\] Prevent infinite loop with `I002` and `UP026` ([#20634](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20634))
+
+### Rule changes
+
+- \[`flake8-simplify`\] Improve help message clarity (`SIM105`) ([#20548](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20548))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add the *The Basics* title back to CONTRIBUTING.md ([#20624](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20624))
+- Fixed documentation for try_consider_else ([#20587](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20587))
+- \[`isort`\] Clarify dependency between `order-by-type` and `case-sensitive` settings ([#20559](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20559))
+- \[`pylint`\] Clarify fix safety to include left-hand hashability (`PLR6201`) ([#20518](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20518))
+
+### Other changes
+
+- \[`playground`\] Fix quick fixes for empty ranges in playground ([#20599](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20599))
+
+### Contributors
+
+- [@TaKO8Ki](https://github.com/TaKO8Ki)
+- [@ntBre](https://github.com/ntBre)
+- [@dylwil3](https://github.com/dylwil3)
+- [@MichaReiser](https://github.com/MichaReiser)
+- [@danparizher](https://github.com/danparizher)
+- [@LilMonk](https://github.com/LilMonk)
+- [@mgiovani](https://github.com/mgiovani)
+- [@IDrokin117](https://github.com/IDrokin117)

crates/ruff/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.13.2"
+version = "0.14.0"
 publish = true
 authors = { workspace = true }
 edition = { workspace = true }
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ dunce = { workspace = true }
 indoc = { workspace = true }
 insta = { workspace = true, features = ["filters", "json"] }
 insta-cmd = { workspace = true }
+ruff_python_trivia = { workspace = true }
 tempfile = { workspace = true }
 test-case = { workspace = true }
 

crates/ruff/src/args.rs

@@ -416,6 +416,7 @@ pub struct CheckCommand {
         conflicts_with = "stdin_filename",
         conflicts_with = "watch",
         conflicts_with = "fix",
+        conflicts_with = "diff",
     )]
     pub add_noqa: bool,
     /// See the files Ruff will be run against with the current settings.
@@ -537,6 +538,14 @@ pub struct FormatCommand {
     /// Exit with a non-zero status code if any files were modified via format, even if all files were formatted successfully.
     #[arg(long, help_heading = "Miscellaneous", alias = "exit-non-zero-on-fix")]
     pub exit_non_zero_on_format: bool,
+
+    /// Output serialization format for violations, when used with `--check`.
+    /// The default serialization format is "full".
+    ///
+    /// Note that this option is currently only respected in preview mode. A warning will be emitted
+    /// if this flag is used on stable.
+    #[arg(long, value_enum, env = "RUFF_OUTPUT_FORMAT")]
+    pub output_format: Option<OutputFormat>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, clap::Parser)]
@@ -784,6 +793,7 @@ impl FormatCommand {
             target_version: self.target_version.map(ast::PythonVersion::from),
             cache_dir: self.cache_dir,
             extension: self.extension,
+            output_format: self.output_format,
             ..ExplicitConfigOverrides::default()
         };
 

crates/ruff/src/commands/check.rs

@@ -9,11 +9,10 @@ use ignore::Error;
 use log::{debug, warn};
 #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
 use rayon::prelude::*;
+use ruff_linter::message::create_panic_diagnostic;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
-use ruff_db::diagnostic::{
-    Annotation, Diagnostic, DiagnosticId, Span, SubDiagnostic, SubDiagnosticSeverity,
-};
+use ruff_db::diagnostic::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_db::panic::catch_unwind;
 use ruff_linter::package::PackageRoot;
 use ruff_linter::registry::Rule;
@@ -195,23 +194,7 @@ fn lint_path(
     match result {
         Ok(inner) => inner,
         Err(error) => {
-            let message = match error.payload.as_str() {
-                Some(summary) => format!("Fatal error while linting: {summary}"),
-                _ => "Fatal error while linting".to_owned(),
-            };
-            let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(
-                DiagnosticId::Panic,
-                ruff_db::diagnostic::Severity::Fatal,
-                message,
-            );
-            let span = Span::from(SourceFileBuilder::new(path.to_string_lossy(), "").finish());
-            let mut annotation = Annotation::primary(span);
-            annotation.set_file_level(true);
-            diagnostic.annotate(annotation);
-            diagnostic.sub(SubDiagnostic::new(
-                SubDiagnosticSeverity::Info,
-                format!("{error}"),
-            ));
+            let diagnostic = create_panic_diagnostic(&error, Some(path));
             Ok(Diagnostics::new(vec![diagnostic], FxHashMap::default()))
         }
     }
@@ -227,7 +210,8 @@ mod test {
     use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
     use tempfile::TempDir;
 
-    use ruff_linter::message::{Emitter, EmitterContext, TextEmitter};
+    use ruff_db::diagnostic::{DiagnosticFormat, DisplayDiagnosticConfig, DisplayDiagnostics};
+    use ruff_linter::message::EmitterContext;
     use ruff_linter::registry::Rule;
     use ruff_linter::settings::types::UnsafeFixes;
     use ruff_linter::settings::{LinterSettings, flags};
@@ -280,19 +264,16 @@ mod test {
             UnsafeFixes::Enabled,
         )
         .unwrap();
-        let mut output = Vec::new();
 
-        TextEmitter::default()
-            .with_show_fix_status(true)
-            .with_color(false)
-            .emit(
-                &mut output,
-                &diagnostics.inner,
-                &EmitterContext::new(&FxHashMap::default()),
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let messages = String::from_utf8(output).unwrap();
+        let config = DisplayDiagnosticConfig::default()
+            .format(DiagnosticFormat::Concise)
+            .hide_severity(true);
+        let messages = DisplayDiagnostics::new(
+            &EmitterContext::new(&FxHashMap::default()),
+            &config,
+            &diagnostics.inner,
+        )
+        .to_string();
 
         insta::with_settings!({
             omit_expression => true,

crates/ruff/src/commands/format.rs

@@ -11,13 +11,19 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use log::{error, warn};
 use rayon::iter::Either::{Left, Right};
 use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelRefIterator, ParallelIterator};
+use ruff_db::diagnostic::{
+    Annotation, Diagnostic, DiagnosticId, DisplayDiagnosticConfig, Severity, Span,
+};
+use ruff_linter::message::{EmitterContext, create_panic_diagnostic, render_diagnostics};
+use ruff_linter::settings::types::OutputFormat;
+use ruff_notebook::NotebookIndex;
 use ruff_python_parser::ParseError;
-use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use ruff_db::panic::{PanicError, catch_unwind};
-use ruff_diagnostics::SourceMap;
+use ruff_diagnostics::{Edit, Fix, SourceMap};
 use ruff_linter::fs;
 use ruff_linter::logging::{DisplayParseError, LogLevel};
 use ruff_linter::package::PackageRoot;
@@ -27,14 +33,15 @@ use ruff_linter::source_kind::{SourceError, SourceKind};
 use ruff_linter::warn_user_once;
 use ruff_python_ast::{PySourceType, SourceType};
 use ruff_python_formatter::{FormatModuleError, QuoteStyle, format_module_source, format_range};
-use ruff_source_file::LineIndex;
+use ruff_source_file::{LineIndex, LineRanges, OneIndexed, SourceFileBuilder};
 use ruff_text_size::{TextLen, TextRange, TextSize};
 use ruff_workspace::FormatterSettings;
-use ruff_workspace::resolver::{ResolvedFile, Resolver, match_exclusion, python_files_in_path};
+use ruff_workspace::resolver::{
+    PyprojectConfig, ResolvedFile, Resolver, match_exclusion, python_files_in_path,
+};
 
 use crate::args::{ConfigArguments, FormatArguments, FormatRange};
 use crate::cache::{Cache, FileCacheKey, PackageCacheMap, PackageCaches};
-use crate::resolve::resolve;
 use crate::{ExitStatus, resolve_default_files};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, is_macro::Is)]
@@ -63,11 +70,14 @@ impl FormatMode {
 pub(crate) fn format(
     cli: FormatArguments,
     config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
+    pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
 ) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
-    let pyproject_config = resolve(config_arguments, cli.stdin_filename.as_deref())?;
     let mode = FormatMode::from_cli(&cli);
     let files = resolve_default_files(cli.files, false);
-    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(&files, &pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
+    let (paths, resolver) = python_files_in_path(&files, pyproject_config, config_arguments)?;
+
+    let output_format = pyproject_config.settings.output_format;
+    let preview = pyproject_config.settings.formatter.preview;
 
     if paths.is_empty() {
         warn_user_once!("No Python files found under the given path(s)");
@@ -184,17 +194,26 @@ pub(crate) fn format(
     caches.persist()?;
 
     // Report on any errors.
-    errors.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.path().cmp(&b.path()));
+    //
+    // We only convert errors to `Diagnostic`s in `Check` mode with preview enabled, otherwise we
+    // fall back on printing simple messages.
+    if !(preview.is_enabled() && mode.is_check()) {
+        errors.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.path().cmp(&b.path()));
 
-    for error in &errors {
-        error!("{error}");
+        for error in &errors {
+            error!("{error}");
+        }
     }
 
     let results = FormatResults::new(results.as_slice(), mode);
     match mode {
         FormatMode::Write => {}
         FormatMode::Check => {
-            results.write_changed(&mut stdout().lock())?;
+            if preview.is_enabled() {
+                results.write_changed_preview(&mut stdout().lock(), output_format, &errors)?;
+            } else {
+                results.write_changed(&mut stdout().lock())?;
+            }
         }
         FormatMode::Diff => {
             results.write_diff(&mut stdout().lock())?;
@@ -206,7 +225,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format(
         if mode.is_diff() {
             // Allow piping the diff to e.g. a file by writing the summary to stderr
             results.write_summary(&mut stderr().lock())?;
-        } else {
+        } else if !preview.is_enabled() || output_format.is_human_readable() {
             results.write_summary(&mut stdout().lock())?;
         }
     }
@@ -295,8 +314,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_path(
 
                 FormatResult::Formatted
             }
-            FormatMode::Check => FormatResult::Formatted,
-            FormatMode::Diff => FormatResult::Diff {
+            FormatMode::Check | FormatMode::Diff => FormatResult::Diff {
                 unformatted,
                 formatted,
             },
@@ -329,7 +347,7 @@ pub(crate) enum FormattedSource {
 impl From<FormattedSource> for FormatResult {
     fn from(value: FormattedSource) -> Self {
         match value {
-            FormattedSource::Formatted(_) => FormatResult::Formatted,
+            FormattedSource::Formatted { .. } => FormatResult::Formatted,
             FormattedSource::Unchanged => FormatResult::Unchanged,
         }
     }
@@ -477,10 +495,10 @@ pub(crate) fn format_source(
 /// The result of an individual formatting operation.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, is_macro::Is)]
 pub(crate) enum FormatResult {
-    /// The file was formatted.
+    /// The file was formatted and written back to disk.
     Formatted,
 
-    /// The file was formatted, [`SourceKind`] contains the formatted code
+    /// The file needs to be formatted, as the `formatted` and `unformatted` contents differ.
     Diff {
         unformatted: SourceKind,
         formatted: SourceKind,
@@ -552,7 +570,7 @@ impl<'a> FormatResults<'a> {
             .results
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|result| {
-                if result.result.is_formatted() {
+                if result.result.is_diff() {
                     Some(result.path.as_path())
                 } else {
                     None
@@ -566,6 +584,30 @@ impl<'a> FormatResults<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Write a list of the files that would be changed and any errors to the given writer.
+    fn write_changed_preview(
+        &self,
+        f: &mut impl Write,
+        output_format: OutputFormat,
+        errors: &[FormatCommandError],
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mut notebook_index = FxHashMap::default();
+        let diagnostics: Vec<_> = errors
+            .iter()
+            .map(Diagnostic::from)
+            .chain(self.to_diagnostics(&mut notebook_index))
+            .sorted_unstable_by(Diagnostic::ruff_start_ordering)
+            .collect();
+
+        let context = EmitterContext::new(&notebook_index);
+        let config = DisplayDiagnosticConfig::default()
+            .hide_severity(true)
+            .show_fix_diff(true)
+            .color(!cfg!(test) && colored::control::SHOULD_COLORIZE.should_colorize());
+
+        render_diagnostics(f, output_format, config, &context, &diagnostics)
+    }
+
     /// Write a summary of the formatting results to the given writer.
     fn write_summary(&self, f: &mut impl Write) -> io::Result<()> {
         // Compute the number of changed and unchanged files.
@@ -628,6 +670,155 @@ impl<'a> FormatResults<'a> {
             Ok(())
         }
     }
+
+    /// Convert formatted files into [`Diagnostic`]s.
+    fn to_diagnostics(
+        &self,
+        notebook_index: &mut FxHashMap<String, NotebookIndex>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Diagnostic> {
+        /// The number of unmodified context lines rendered in diffs.
+        ///
+        /// Note that this should be kept in sync with the argument to `TextDiff::grouped_ops` in
+        /// the diff rendering in `ruff_db` (currently 3). The `similar` crate uses two times that
+        /// argument as a cutoff for rendering unmodified lines.
+        const CONTEXT_LINES: u32 = 6;
+
+        self.results.iter().filter_map(|result| {
+            let (unformatted, formatted) = match &result.result {
+                FormatResult::Skipped | FormatResult::Unchanged => return None,
+                FormatResult::Diff {
+                    unformatted,
+                    formatted,
+                } => (unformatted, formatted),
+                FormatResult::Formatted => {
+                    debug_assert!(
+                        false,
+                        "Expected `FormatResult::Diff` for changed files in check mode"
+                    );
+                    return None;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(
+                DiagnosticId::Unformatted,
+                Severity::Error,
+                "File would be reformatted",
+            );
+
+            // Locate the first and last characters that differ to use as the diagnostic
+            // range and to narrow the `Edit` range.
+            let modified_range = ModifiedRange::new(unformatted, formatted);
+
+            let path = result.path.to_string_lossy();
+            // For scripts, this is a single `Edit` using the `ModifiedRange` above, but notebook
+            // edits must be split by cell in order to render them as diffs.
+            //
+            // We also attempt to estimate the line number width for aligning the
+            // annotate-snippets header. This is only an estimate because we don't actually know
+            // if the maximum line number present in the document will be rendered as part of
+            // the diff, either as a changed line or as an unchanged context line. For
+            // notebooks, we refine our estimate by checking the number of lines in each cell
+            // individually, otherwise we could use `formatted.source_code().count_lines(...)`
+            // in both cases.
+            let (fix, line_count) = if let SourceKind::IpyNotebook(formatted) = formatted
+                && let SourceKind::IpyNotebook(unformatted) = unformatted
+            {
+                notebook_index.insert(path.to_string(), unformatted.index().clone());
+
+                let mut edits = formatted
+                    .cell_offsets()
+                    .ranges()
+                    .zip(unformatted.cell_offsets().ranges())
+                    .filter_map(|(formatted_range, unformatted_range)| {
+                        // Filter out cells that weren't modified. We use `intersect` instead of
+                        // `contains_range` because the full modified range might start or end in
+                        // the middle of a cell:
+                        //
+                        // ```
+                        // | cell 1 | cell 2 | cell 3 |
+                        //     |----------------| modified range
+                        // ```
+                        //
+                        // The intersection will be `Some` for all three cells in this case.
+                        if modified_range
+                            .unformatted
+                            .intersect(unformatted_range)
+                            .is_some()
+                        {
+                            let formatted = &formatted.source_code()[formatted_range];
+                            let edit = if formatted.is_empty() {
+                                Edit::range_deletion(unformatted_range)
+                            } else {
+                                Edit::range_replacement(formatted.to_string(), unformatted_range)
+                            };
+                            Some(edit)
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                let fix = Fix::safe_edits(
+                    edits
+                        .next()
+                        .expect("Formatted files must have at least one edit"),
+                    edits,
+                );
+                let source = formatted.source_code();
+                let line_count = formatted
+                    .cell_offsets()
+                    .ranges()
+                    .filter_map(|range| {
+                        if modified_range.formatted.contains_range(range) {
+                            Some(source.count_lines(range))
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    })
+                    .max()
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                (fix, line_count)
+            } else {
+                let formatted_code = &formatted.source_code()[modified_range.formatted];
+                let edit = if formatted_code.is_empty() {
+                    Edit::range_deletion(modified_range.unformatted)
+                } else {
+                    Edit::range_replacement(formatted_code.to_string(), modified_range.unformatted)
+                };
+                let fix = Fix::safe_edit(edit);
+                let line_count = formatted
+                    .source_code()
+                    .count_lines(TextRange::up_to(modified_range.formatted.end()));
+                (fix, line_count)
+            };
+
+            let source_file = SourceFileBuilder::new(path, unformatted.source_code()).finish();
+            let span = Span::from(source_file).with_range(modified_range.unformatted);
+            let mut annotation = Annotation::primary(span);
+            annotation.hide_snippet(true);
+            diagnostic.annotate(annotation);
+            diagnostic.set_fix(fix);
+
+            // TODO(brent) this offset is a hack to get the header of the diagnostic message, which
+            // is rendered by our fork of `annotate-snippets`, to align with our manually-rendered
+            // diff. `annotate-snippets` computes the alignment of the arrow in the header based on
+            // the maximum line number width in its rendered snippet. However, we don't have a
+            // reasonable range to underline in an annotation, so we don't send `annotate-snippets`
+            // a snippet to measure. If we commit to staying on our fork, a more robust way of
+            // handling this would be to move the diff rendering in
+            // `ruff_db::diagnostic::render::full` into `annotate-snippets`, likely as another
+            // `DisplayLine` variant and update the `lineno_width` calculation in
+            // `DisplayList::fmt`. That would handle this offset "automatically."
+            let line_count = (line_count + CONTEXT_LINES).min(
+                formatted
+                    .source_code()
+                    .count_lines(TextRange::up_to(formatted.source_code().text_len())),
+            );
+            let lines = OneIndexed::new(line_count as usize).unwrap_or_default();
+            diagnostic.set_header_offset(lines.digits().get());
+
+            Some(diagnostic)
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 /// An error that can occur while formatting a set of files.
@@ -639,7 +830,6 @@ pub(crate) enum FormatCommandError {
     Read(Option<PathBuf>, SourceError),
     Format(Option<PathBuf>, FormatModuleError),
     Write(Option<PathBuf>, SourceError),
-    Diff(Option<PathBuf>, io::Error),
     RangeFormatNotebook(Option<PathBuf>),
 }
 
@@ -658,12 +848,65 @@ impl FormatCommandError {
             | Self::Read(path, _)
             | Self::Format(path, _)
             | Self::Write(path, _)
-            | Self::Diff(path, _)
             | Self::RangeFormatNotebook(path) => path.as_deref(),
         }
     }
 }
 
+impl From<&FormatCommandError> for Diagnostic {
+    fn from(error: &FormatCommandError) -> Self {
+        let annotation = error.path().map(|path| {
+            let file = SourceFileBuilder::new(path.to_string_lossy(), "").finish();
+            let span = Span::from(file);
+            let mut annotation = Annotation::primary(span);
+            annotation.hide_snippet(true);
+            annotation
+        });
+
+        let mut diagnostic = match error {
+            FormatCommandError::Ignore(error) => {
+                Diagnostic::new(DiagnosticId::Io, Severity::Error, error)
+            }
+            FormatCommandError::Parse(display_parse_error) => Diagnostic::new(
+                DiagnosticId::InvalidSyntax,
+                Severity::Error,
+                &display_parse_error.error().error,
+            ),
+            FormatCommandError::Panic(path, panic_error) => {
+                return create_panic_diagnostic(panic_error, path.as_deref());
+            }
+            FormatCommandError::Read(_, source_error)
+            | FormatCommandError::Write(_, source_error) => {
+                Diagnostic::new(DiagnosticId::Io, Severity::Error, source_error)
+            }
+            FormatCommandError::Format(_, format_module_error) => match format_module_error {
+                FormatModuleError::ParseError(parse_error) => Diagnostic::new(
+                    DiagnosticId::InternalError,
+                    Severity::Error,
+                    &parse_error.error,
+                ),
+                FormatModuleError::FormatError(format_error) => {
+                    Diagnostic::new(DiagnosticId::InternalError, Severity::Error, format_error)
+                }
+                FormatModuleError::PrintError(print_error) => {
+                    Diagnostic::new(DiagnosticId::InternalError, Severity::Error, print_error)
+                }
+            },
+            FormatCommandError::RangeFormatNotebook(_) => Diagnostic::new(
+                DiagnosticId::InvalidCliOption,
+                Severity::Error,
+                "Range formatting isn't supported for notebooks.",
+            ),
+        };
+
+        if let Some(annotation) = annotation {
+            diagnostic.annotate(annotation);
+        }
+
+        diagnostic
+    }
+}
+
 impl Display for FormatCommandError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
@@ -731,23 +974,6 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
                     write!(f, "{header} {err}", header = "Failed to format:".bold())
                 }
             }
-            Self::Diff(path, err) => {
-                if let Some(path) = path {
-                    write!(
-                        f,
-                        "{}{}{} {err}",
-                        "Failed to generate diff for ".bold(),
-                        fs::relativize_path(path).bold(),
-                        ":".bold()
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    write!(
-                        f,
-                        "{header} {err}",
-                        header = "Failed to generate diff:".bold(),
-                    )
-                }
-            }
             Self::RangeFormatNotebook(path) => {
                 if let Some(path) = path {
                     write!(
@@ -792,6 +1018,54 @@ impl Display for FormatCommandError {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ModifiedRange {
+    unformatted: TextRange,
+    formatted: TextRange,
+}
+
+impl ModifiedRange {
+    /// Determine the range that differs between `unformatted` and `formatted`.
+    ///
+    /// If the two inputs are equal, the returned ranges will be empty.
+    fn new(unformatted: &SourceKind, formatted: &SourceKind) -> Self {
+        let unformatted = unformatted.source_code();
+        let formatted = formatted.source_code();
+
+        let mut prefix_length = TextSize::ZERO;
+        for (unformatted, formatted) in unformatted.chars().zip(formatted.chars()) {
+            if unformatted != formatted {
+                break;
+            }
+            prefix_length += unformatted.text_len();
+        }
+
+        // For the ends of the ranges, track the length of the common suffix and then subtract that
+        // from each total text length. Unlike for `start`, the character offsets are very unlikely
+        // to be equal, so they need to be treated separately.
+        let mut suffix_length = TextSize::ZERO;
+        for (old, new) in unformatted[prefix_length.to_usize()..]
+            .chars()
+            .rev()
+            .zip(formatted[prefix_length.to_usize()..].chars().rev())
+        {
+            if old != new {
+                break;
+            }
+            suffix_length += old.text_len();
+        }
+
+        let unformatted_range =
+            TextRange::new(prefix_length, unformatted.text_len() - suffix_length);
+        let formatted_range = TextRange::new(prefix_length, formatted.text_len() - suffix_length);
+
+        Self {
+            unformatted: unformatted_range,
+            formatted: formatted_range,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(resolver: &Resolver) {
     // First, collect all rules that are incompatible regardless of the linter-specific settings.
     let mut incompatible_rules = FxHashSet::default();
@@ -963,3 +1237,144 @@ pub(super) fn warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(resolver: &Resolver) {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::io;
+    use std::ops::Range;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    use ignore::Error;
+    use insta::assert_snapshot;
+
+    use ruff_db::panic::catch_unwind;
+    use ruff_linter::logging::DisplayParseError;
+    use ruff_linter::source_kind::{SourceError, SourceKind};
+    use ruff_python_formatter::FormatModuleError;
+    use ruff_python_parser::{ParseError, ParseErrorType};
+    use ruff_text_size::{TextRange, TextSize};
+    use test_case::test_case;
+
+    use crate::commands::format::{FormatCommandError, FormatMode, FormatResults, ModifiedRange};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn error_diagnostics() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let path = PathBuf::from("test.py");
+        let source_kind = SourceKind::Python("1".to_string());
+
+        let panic_error = catch_unwind(|| {
+            panic!("Test panic for FormatCommandError");
+        })
+        .unwrap_err();
+
+        let errors = [
+            FormatCommandError::Ignore(Error::WithPath {
+                path: path.clone(),
+                err: Box::new(Error::Io(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
+                    "Permission denied",
+                ))),
+            }),
+            FormatCommandError::Parse(DisplayParseError::from_source_kind(
+                ParseError {
+                    error: ParseErrorType::UnexpectedIndentation,
+                    location: TextRange::default(),
+                },
+                Some(path.clone()),
+                &source_kind,
+            )),
+            FormatCommandError::Panic(Some(path.clone()), Box::new(panic_error)),
+            FormatCommandError::Read(
+                Some(path.clone()),
+                SourceError::Io(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "File not found")),
+            ),
+            FormatCommandError::Format(
+                Some(path.clone()),
+                FormatModuleError::ParseError(ParseError {
+                    error: ParseErrorType::EmptySlice,
+                    location: TextRange::default(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            FormatCommandError::Write(
+                Some(path.clone()),
+                SourceError::Io(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
+                    "Cannot write to file",
+                )),
+            ),
+            FormatCommandError::RangeFormatNotebook(Some(path)),
+        ];
+
+        let results = FormatResults::new(&[], FormatMode::Check);
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        results.write_changed_preview(
+            &mut buf,
+            ruff_linter::settings::types::OutputFormat::Full,
+            &errors,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut settings = insta::Settings::clone_current();
+        settings.add_filter(r"(Panicked at) [^:]+:\d+:\d+", "$1 <location>");
+        let _s = settings.bind_to_scope();
+
+        assert_snapshot!(str::from_utf8(&buf)?, @r"
+        io: test.py: Permission denied
+        --> test.py:1:1
+
+        invalid-syntax: Unexpected indentation
+        --> test.py:1:1
+
+        io: File not found
+        --> test.py:1:1
+
+        internal-error: Expected index or slice expression
+        --> test.py:1:1
+
+        io: Cannot write to file
+        --> test.py:1:1
+
+        invalid-cli-option: Range formatting isn't supported for notebooks.
+        --> test.py:1:1
+
+        panic: Panicked at <location> when checking `test.py`: `Test panic for FormatCommandError`
+        --> test.py:1:1
+        info: This indicates a bug in Ruff.
+        info: If you could open an issue at https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/new?title=%5Bpanic%5D, we'd be very appreciative!
+        info: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to show the full backtrace information
+        ");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test_case("abcdef", "abcXYdef", 3..3, 3..5; "insertion")]
+    #[test_case("abcXYdef", "abcdef", 3..5, 3..3; "deletion")]
+    #[test_case("abcXdef", "abcYdef", 3..4, 3..4; "modification")]
+    #[test_case("abc", "abcX", 3..3, 3..4; "strict_prefix")]
+    #[test_case("", "", 0..0, 0..0; "empty")]
+    #[test_case("abc", "abc", 3..3, 3..3; "equal")]
+    fn modified_range(
+        unformatted: &str,
+        formatted: &str,
+        expect_unformatted: Range<u32>,
+        expect_formatted: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        let mr = ModifiedRange::new(
+            &SourceKind::Python(unformatted.to_string()),
+            &SourceKind::Python(formatted.to_string()),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            mr.unformatted,
+            TextRange::new(
+                TextSize::new(expect_unformatted.start),
+                TextSize::new(expect_unformatted.end)
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            mr.formatted,
+            TextRange::new(
+                TextSize::new(expect_formatted.start),
+                TextSize::new(expect_formatted.end)
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}

crates/ruff/src/commands/format_stdin.rs

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use log::error;
 
-use ruff_linter::source_kind::SourceKind;
+use ruff_linter::source_kind::{SourceError, SourceKind};
 use ruff_python_ast::{PySourceType, SourceType};
 use ruff_workspace::FormatterSettings;
-use ruff_workspace::resolver::{Resolver, match_exclusion, python_file_at_path};
+use ruff_workspace::resolver::{PyprojectConfig, Resolver, match_exclusion, python_file_at_path};
 
 use crate::ExitStatus;
 use crate::args::{ConfigArguments, FormatArguments, FormatRange};
@@ -15,17 +15,15 @@ use crate::commands::format::{
     FormatCommandError, FormatMode, FormatResult, FormattedSource, format_source,
     warn_incompatible_formatter_settings,
 };
-use crate::resolve::resolve;
 use crate::stdin::{parrot_stdin, read_from_stdin};
 
 /// Run the formatter over a single file, read from `stdin`.
 pub(crate) fn format_stdin(
     cli: &FormatArguments,
     config_arguments: &ConfigArguments,
+    pyproject_config: &PyprojectConfig,
 ) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
-    let pyproject_config = resolve(config_arguments, cli.stdin_filename.as_deref())?;
-
-    let mut resolver = Resolver::new(&pyproject_config);
+    let mut resolver = Resolver::new(pyproject_config);
     warn_incompatible_formatter_settings(&resolver);
 
     let mode = FormatMode::from_cli(cli);
@@ -124,7 +122,9 @@ fn format_source_code(
                     "{}",
                     source_kind.diff(formatted, path).unwrap()
                 )
-                .map_err(|err| FormatCommandError::Diff(path.map(Path::to_path_buf), err))?;
+                .map_err(|err| {
+                    FormatCommandError::Write(path.map(Path::to_path_buf), SourceError::Io(err))
+                })?;
             }
         },
         FormattedSource::Unchanged => {

crates/ruff/src/lib.rs

@@ -205,12 +205,18 @@ pub fn run(
 }
 
 fn format(args: FormatCommand, global_options: GlobalConfigArgs) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
+    let cli_output_format_set = args.output_format.is_some();
     let (cli, config_arguments) = args.partition(global_options)?;
-
+    let pyproject_config = resolve::resolve(&config_arguments, cli.stdin_filename.as_deref())?;
+    if cli_output_format_set && !pyproject_config.settings.formatter.preview.is_enabled() {
+        warn_user_once!(
+            "The --output-format flag for the formatter is unstable and requires preview mode to use."
+        );
+    }
     if is_stdin(&cli.files, cli.stdin_filename.as_deref()) {
-        commands::format_stdin::format_stdin(&cli, &config_arguments)
+        commands::format_stdin::format_stdin(&cli, &config_arguments, &pyproject_config)
     } else {
-        commands::format::format(cli, &config_arguments)
+        commands::format::format(cli, &config_arguments, &pyproject_config)
     }
 }
 

crates/ruff/src/main.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::process::ExitCode;
 
+use anyhow::Context;
 use clap::Parser;
 use colored::Colorize;
 
@@ -39,39 +40,46 @@ pub fn main() -> ExitCode {
     }
 
     let args = wild::args_os();
-    let args = argfile::expand_args_from(args, argfile::parse_fromfile, argfile::PREFIX).unwrap();
+    let args = match argfile::expand_args_from(args, argfile::parse_fromfile, argfile::PREFIX)
+        .context("Failed to read CLI arguments from files")
+    {
+        Ok(args) => args,
+        Err(err) => return report_error(&err),
+    };
 
     let args = Args::parse_from(args);
 
     match run(args) {
         Ok(code) => code.into(),
-        Err(err) => {
-            {
-                // Exit "gracefully" on broken pipe errors.
-                //
-                // See: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/blob/bf63fe8f258afc09bae6caa48f0ae35eaf115005/crates/core/main.rs#L47C1-L61C14
-                for cause in err.chain() {
-                    if let Some(ioerr) = cause.downcast_ref::<std::io::Error>() {
-                        if ioerr.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe {
-                            return ExitCode::from(0);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Use `writeln` instead of `eprintln` to avoid panicking when the stderr pipe is broken.
-                let mut stderr = std::io::stderr().lock();
-
-                // This communicates that this isn't a linter error but ruff itself hard-errored for
-                // some reason (e.g. failed to resolve the configuration)
-                writeln!(stderr, "{}", "ruff failed".red().bold()).ok();
-                // Currently we generally only see one error, but e.g. with io errors when resolving
-                // the configuration it is help to chain errors ("resolving configuration failed" ->
-                // "failed to read file: subdir/pyproject.toml")
-                for cause in err.chain() {
-                    writeln!(stderr, "  {} {cause}", "Cause:".bold()).ok();
-                }
-            }
-            ExitStatus::Error.into()
-        }
+        Err(err) => report_error(&err),
     }
 }
+
+fn report_error(err: &anyhow::Error) -> ExitCode {
+    {
+        // Exit "gracefully" on broken pipe errors.
+        //
+        // See: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/blob/bf63fe8f258afc09bae6caa48f0ae35eaf115005/crates/core/main.rs#L47C1-L61C14
+        for cause in err.chain() {
+            if let Some(ioerr) = cause.downcast_ref::<std::io::Error>() {
+                if ioerr.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe {
+                    return ExitCode::from(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Use `writeln` instead of `eprintln` to avoid panicking when the stderr pipe is broken.
+        let mut stderr = std::io::stderr().lock();
+
+        // This communicates that this isn't a linter error but ruff itself hard-errored for
+        // some reason (e.g. failed to resolve the configuration)
+        writeln!(stderr, "{}", "ruff failed".red().bold()).ok();
+        // Currently we generally only see one error, but e.g. with io errors when resolving
+        // the configuration it is help to chain errors ("resolving configuration failed" ->
+        // "failed to read file: subdir/pyproject.toml")
+        for cause in err.chain() {
+            writeln!(stderr, "  {} {cause}", "Cause:".bold()).ok();
+        }
+    }
+    ExitStatus::Error.into()
+}

crates/ruff/src/printer.rs

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ use ruff_linter::linter::FixTable;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 use ruff_db::diagnostic::{
-    Diagnostic, DiagnosticFormat, DisplayDiagnosticConfig, DisplayDiagnostics,
-    DisplayGithubDiagnostics, GithubRenderer, SecondaryCode,
+    Diagnostic, DiagnosticFormat, DisplayDiagnosticConfig, DisplayDiagnostics, SecondaryCode,
 };
 use ruff_linter::fs::relativize_path;
 use ruff_linter::logging::LogLevel;
-use ruff_linter::message::{Emitter, EmitterContext, GroupedEmitter, SarifEmitter, TextEmitter};
+use ruff_linter::message::{EmitterContext, render_diagnostics};
 use ruff_linter::notify_user;
 use ruff_linter::settings::flags::{self};
 use ruff_linter::settings::types::{OutputFormat, UnsafeFixes};
@@ -225,86 +224,28 @@ impl Printer {
         let context = EmitterContext::new(&diagnostics.notebook_indexes);
         let fixables = FixableStatistics::try_from(diagnostics, self.unsafe_fixes);
 
-        let config = DisplayDiagnosticConfig::default().preview(preview);
+        let config = DisplayDiagnosticConfig::default()
+            .preview(preview)
+            .hide_severity(true)
+            .color(!cfg!(test) && colored::control::SHOULD_COLORIZE.should_colorize())
+            .with_show_fix_status(show_fix_status(self.fix_mode, fixables.as_ref()))
+            .with_fix_applicability(self.unsafe_fixes.required_applicability())
+            .show_fix_diff(preview);
 
-        match self.format {
-            OutputFormat::Json => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::Json);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Rdjson => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::Rdjson);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::JsonLines => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::JsonLines);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Junit => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::Junit);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Concise | OutputFormat::Full => {
-                TextEmitter::default()
-                    .with_show_fix_status(show_fix_status(self.fix_mode, fixables.as_ref()))
-                    .with_show_fix_diff(self.format == OutputFormat::Full && preview)
-                    .with_show_source(self.format == OutputFormat::Full)
-                    .with_fix_applicability(self.unsafe_fixes.required_applicability())
-                    .with_preview(preview)
-                    .emit(writer, &diagnostics.inner, &context)?;
+        render_diagnostics(writer, self.format, config, &context, &diagnostics.inner)?;
 
-                if self.flags.intersects(Flags::SHOW_FIX_SUMMARY) {
-                    if !diagnostics.fixed.is_empty() {
-                        writeln!(writer)?;
-                        print_fix_summary(writer, &diagnostics.fixed)?;
-                        writeln!(writer)?;
-                    }
+        if matches!(
+            self.format,
+            OutputFormat::Full | OutputFormat::Concise | OutputFormat::Grouped
+        ) {
+            if self.flags.intersects(Flags::SHOW_FIX_SUMMARY) {
+                if !diagnostics.fixed.is_empty() {
+                    writeln!(writer)?;
+                    print_fix_summary(writer, &diagnostics.fixed)?;
+                    writeln!(writer)?;
                 }
-
-                self.write_summary_text(writer, diagnostics)?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Grouped => {
-                GroupedEmitter::default()
-                    .with_show_fix_status(show_fix_status(self.fix_mode, fixables.as_ref()))
-                    .with_unsafe_fixes(self.unsafe_fixes)
-                    .emit(writer, &diagnostics.inner, &context)?;
-
-                if self.flags.intersects(Flags::SHOW_FIX_SUMMARY) {
-                    if !diagnostics.fixed.is_empty() {
-                        writeln!(writer)?;
-                        print_fix_summary(writer, &diagnostics.fixed)?;
-                        writeln!(writer)?;
-                    }
-                }
-                self.write_summary_text(writer, diagnostics)?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Github => {
-                let renderer = GithubRenderer::new(&context, "Ruff");
-                let value = DisplayGithubDiagnostics::new(&renderer, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Gitlab => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::Gitlab);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Pylint => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::Pylint);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Azure => {
-                let config = config.format(DiagnosticFormat::Azure);
-                let value = DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner);
-                write!(writer, "{value}")?;
-            }
-            OutputFormat::Sarif => {
-                SarifEmitter.emit(writer, &diagnostics.inner, &context)?;
             }
+            self.write_summary_text(writer, diagnostics)?;
         }
 
         writer.flush()?;
@@ -448,11 +389,22 @@ impl Printer {
             }
 
             let context = EmitterContext::new(&diagnostics.notebook_indexes);
-            TextEmitter::default()
+            let format = if preview {
+                DiagnosticFormat::Full
+            } else {
+                DiagnosticFormat::Concise
+            };
+            let config = DisplayDiagnosticConfig::default()
+                .hide_severity(true)
+                .color(!cfg!(test) && colored::control::SHOULD_COLORIZE.should_colorize())
                 .with_show_fix_status(show_fix_status(self.fix_mode, fixables.as_ref()))
-                .with_show_source(preview)
-                .with_fix_applicability(self.unsafe_fixes.required_applicability())
-                .emit(writer, &diagnostics.inner, &context)?;
+                .format(format)
+                .with_fix_applicability(self.unsafe_fixes.required_applicability());
+            write!(
+                writer,
+                "{}",
+                DisplayDiagnostics::new(&context, &config, &diagnostics.inner)
+            )?;
         }
         writer.flush()?;
 

crates/ruff/tests/cli/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+//! Test fixture utilities for ruff CLI tests
+//!
+//! The core concept is borrowed from ty/tests/cli/main.rs and can be extended
+//! with more functionality from there in the future if needed.
+
+#![cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
+
+use anyhow::{Context as _, Result};
+use insta::internals::SettingsBindDropGuard;
+use insta_cmd::get_cargo_bin;
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Command,
+};
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+mod lint;
+
+const BIN_NAME: &str = "ruff";
+
+/// Creates a regex filter for replacing temporary directory paths in snapshots
+pub(crate) fn tempdir_filter(path: impl AsRef<str>) -> String {
+    format!(r"{}[\\/]?", regex::escape(path.as_ref()))
+}
+
+/// A test fixture for running ruff CLI tests with temporary directories and files.
+///
+/// This fixture provides:
+/// - Temporary directory management
+/// - File creation utilities
+/// - Proper snapshot filtering for cross-platform compatibility
+/// - Pre-configured ruff command creation
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// use crate::common::RuffTestFixture;
+///
+/// let fixture = RuffTestFixture::with_file("ruff.toml", "select = ['E']")?;
+/// let output = fixture.command().args(["check", "."]).output()?;
+/// ```
+pub(crate) struct CliTest {
+    _temp_dir: TempDir,
+    _settings_scope: SettingsBindDropGuard,
+    project_dir: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl CliTest {
+    /// Creates a new test fixture with an empty temporary directory.
+    ///
+    /// This sets up:
+    /// - A temporary directory that's automatically cleaned up
+    /// - Insta snapshot filters for cross-platform path compatibility
+    /// - Environment isolation for consistent test behavior
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::with_settings(|_, settings| settings)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn with_settings(
+        setup_settings: impl FnOnce(&Path, insta::Settings) -> insta::Settings,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new()?;
+
+        // Canonicalize the tempdir path because macOS uses symlinks for tempdirs
+        // and that doesn't play well with our snapshot filtering.
+        // Simplify with dunce because otherwise we get UNC paths on Windows.
+        let project_dir = dunce::simplified(
+            &temp_dir
+                .path()
+                .canonicalize()
+                .context("Failed to canonicalize project path")?,
+        )
+        .to_path_buf();
+
+        let mut settings = setup_settings(&project_dir, insta::Settings::clone_current());
+
+        settings.add_filter(&tempdir_filter(project_dir.to_str().unwrap()), "[TMP]/");
+        settings.add_filter(r#"\\([\w&&[^nr"]]\w|\s|\.)"#, "/$1");
+        settings.add_filter(r"(Panicked at) [^:]+:\d+:\d+", "$1 <location>");
+        settings.add_filter(ruff_linter::VERSION, "[VERSION]");
+        settings.add_filter(
+            r#"The system cannot find the file specified."#,
+            "No such file or directory",
+        );
+
+        let settings_scope = settings.bind_to_scope();
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            project_dir,
+            _temp_dir: temp_dir,
+            _settings_scope: settings_scope,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a test fixture with a single file.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `path` - The relative path for the file
+    /// * `content` - The content to write to the file
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,no_run
+    /// let fixture = RuffTestFixture::with_file("ruff.toml", "select = ['E']")?;
+    /// ```
+    pub(crate) fn with_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>, content: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let fixture = Self::new()?;
+        fixture.write_file(path, content)?;
+        Ok(fixture)
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures that the parent directory of a path exists.
+    fn ensure_parent_directory(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+            fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+                .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create directory `{}`", parent.display()))?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a file to the test directory.
+    ///
+    /// Parent directories are created automatically if they don't exist.
+    /// Content is dedented to remove common leading whitespace for cleaner test code.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `path` - The relative path for the file
+    /// * `content` - The content to write to the file
+    pub(crate) fn write_file(&self, path: impl AsRef<Path>, content: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+        let file_path = self.project_dir.join(path);
+
+        Self::ensure_parent_directory(&file_path)?;
+
+        let content = ruff_python_trivia::textwrap::dedent(content);
+        fs::write(&file_path, content.as_ref())
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write file `{}`", file_path.display()))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the path to the test directory root.
+    pub(crate) fn root(&self) -> &Path {
+        &self.project_dir
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a pre-configured ruff command for testing.
+    ///
+    /// The command is set up with:
+    /// - The correct ruff binary path
+    /// - Working directory set to the test directory
+    /// - Clean environment variables for consistent behavior
+    ///
+    /// You can chain additional arguments and options as needed.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,no_run
+    /// let output = fixture
+    ///     .command()
+    ///     .args(["check", "--select", "E"])
+    ///     .arg(".")
+    ///     .output()?;
+    /// ```
+    pub(crate) fn command(&self) -> Command {
+        let mut command = Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME));
+        command.current_dir(&self.project_dir);
+
+        // Unset all environment variables because they can affect test behavior.
+        command.env_clear();
+
+        command
+    }
+}

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__output_format_sarif.snap

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-source: crates/ruff/tests/lint.rs
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
 info:
   program: ruff
   args:
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ info:
     - "--target-version"
     - py39
     - input.py
+snapshot_kind: text
 ---
 success: false
 exit_code: 1
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ exit_code: 1
           "rules": [
             {
               "fullDescription": {
-                "text": "## What it does\nChecks for unused imports.\n\n## Why is this bad?\nUnused imports add a performance overhead at runtime, and risk creating\nimport cycles. They also increase the cognitive load of reading the code.\n\nIf an import statement is used to check for the availability or existence\nof a module, consider using `importlib.util.find_spec` instead.\n\nIf an import statement is used to re-export a symbol as part of a module's\npublic interface, consider using a \"redundant\" import alias, which\ninstructs Ruff (and other tools) to respect the re-export, and avoid\nmarking it as unused, as in:\n\n```python\nfrom module import member as member\n```\n\nAlternatively, you can use `__all__` to declare a symbol as part of the module's\ninterface, as in:\n\n```python\n# __init__.py\nimport some_module\n\n__all__ = [\"some_module\"]\n```\n\n## Fix safety\n\nFixes to remove unused imports are safe, except in `__init__.py` files.\n\nApplying fixes to `__init__.py` files is currently in preview. The fix offered depends on the\ntype of the unused import. Ruff will suggest a safe fix to export first-party imports with\neither a redundant alias or, if already present in the file, an `__all__` entry. If multiple\n`__all__` declarations are present, Ruff will not offer a fix. Ruff will suggest an unsafe fix\nto remove third-party and standard library imports -- the fix is unsafe because the module's\ninterface changes.\n\nSee [this FAQ section](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruff-determine-which-of-my-imports-are-first-party-third-party-etc)\nfor more details on how Ruff\ndetermines whether an import is first or third-party.\n\n## Example\n\n```python\nimport numpy as np  # unused import\n\n\ndef area(radius):\n    return 3.14 * radius**2\n```\n\nUse instead:\n\n```python\ndef area(radius):\n    return 3.14 * radius**2\n```\n\nTo check the availability of a module, use `importlib.util.find_spec`:\n\n```python\nfrom importlib.util import find_spec\n\nif find_spec(\"numpy\") is not None:\n    print(\"numpy is installed\")\nelse:\n    print(\"numpy is not installed\")\n```\n\n## Options\n- `lint.ignore-init-module-imports`\n- `lint.pyflakes.allowed-unused-imports`\n\n## References\n- [Python documentation: `import`](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement)\n- [Python documentation: `importlib.util.find_spec`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.util.find_spec)\n- [Typing documentation: interface conventions](https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/distributing.html#library-interface-public-and-private-symbols)\n"
+                "text": "## What it does\nChecks for unused imports.\n\n## Why is this bad?\nUnused imports add a performance overhead at runtime, and risk creating\nimport cycles. They also increase the cognitive load of reading the code.\n\nIf an import statement is used to check for the availability or existence\nof a module, consider using `importlib.util.find_spec` instead.\n\nIf an import statement is used to re-export a symbol as part of a module's\npublic interface, consider using a \"redundant\" import alias, which\ninstructs Ruff (and other tools) to respect the re-export, and avoid\nmarking it as unused, as in:\n\n```python\nfrom module import member as member\n```\n\nAlternatively, you can use `__all__` to declare a symbol as part of the module's\ninterface, as in:\n\n```python\n# __init__.py\nimport some_module\n\n__all__ = [\"some_module\"]\n```\n\n## Preview\nWhen [preview] is enabled (and certain simplifying assumptions\nare met), we analyze all import statements for a given module\nwhen determining whether an import is used, rather than simply\nthe last of these statements. This can result in both different and\nmore import statements being marked as unused.\n\nFor example, if a module consists of\n\n```python\nimport a\nimport a.b\n```\n\nthen both statements are marked as unused under [preview], whereas\nonly the second is marked as unused under stable behavior.\n\nAs another example, if a module consists of\n\n```python\nimport a.b\nimport a\n\na.b.foo()\n```\n\nthen a diagnostic will only be emitted for the first line under [preview],\nwhereas a diagnostic would only be emitted for the second line under\nstable behavior.\n\nNote that this behavior is somewhat subjective and is designed\nto conform to the developer's intuition rather than Python's actual\nexecution. To wit, the statement `import a.b` automatically executes\n`import a`, so in some sense `import a` is _always_ redundant\nin the presence of `import a.b`.\n\n\n## Fix safety\n\nFixes to remove unused imports are safe, except in `__init__.py` files.\n\nApplying fixes to `__init__.py` files is currently in preview. The fix offered depends on the\ntype of the unused import. Ruff will suggest a safe fix to export first-party imports with\neither a redundant alias or, if already present in the file, an `__all__` entry. If multiple\n`__all__` declarations are present, Ruff will not offer a fix. Ruff will suggest an unsafe fix\nto remove third-party and standard library imports -- the fix is unsafe because the module's\ninterface changes.\n\nSee [this FAQ section](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruff-determine-which-of-my-imports-are-first-party-third-party-etc)\nfor more details on how Ruff\ndetermines whether an import is first or third-party.\n\n## Example\n\n```python\nimport numpy as np  # unused import\n\n\ndef area(radius):\n    return 3.14 * radius**2\n```\n\nUse instead:\n\n```python\ndef area(radius):\n    return 3.14 * radius**2\n```\n\nTo check the availability of a module, use `importlib.util.find_spec`:\n\n```python\nfrom importlib.util import find_spec\n\nif find_spec(\"numpy\") is not None:\n    print(\"numpy is installed\")\nelse:\n    print(\"numpy is not installed\")\n```\n\n## Options\n- `lint.ignore-init-module-imports`\n- `lint.pyflakes.allowed-unused-imports`\n\n## References\n- [Python documentation: `import`](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement)\n- [Python documentation: `importlib.util.find_spec`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.util.find_spec)\n- [Typing documentation: interface conventions](https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/distributing.html#library-interface-public-and-private-symbols)\n\n[preview]: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/preview/\n"
               },
               "help": {
                 "text": "`{name}` imported but unused; consider using `importlib.util.find_spec` to test for availability"

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__output_format_show_fixes_concise.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--select"
+    - F401
+    - "--fix"
+    - "--show-fixes"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+
+Fixed 1 error:
+- input.py:
+    1 × F401 (unused-import)
+
+Found 1 error (1 fixed, 0 remaining).
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__output_format_show_fixes_full.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - full
+    - "--select"
+    - F401
+    - "--fix"
+    - "--show-fixes"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+
+Fixed 1 error:
+- input.py:
+    1 × F401 (unused-import)
+
+Found 1 error (1 fixed, 0 remaining).
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__output_format_show_fixes_grouped.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - grouped
+    - "--select"
+    - F401
+    - "--fix"
+    - "--show-fixes"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+
+Fixed 1 error:
+- input.py:
+    1 × F401 (unused-import)
+
+Found 1 error (1 fixed, 0 remaining).
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_extend_from_shared_config.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - test.py
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/test.py"
+Settings path: "[TMP]/ruff.toml"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.10
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_no_tool.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - "--select"
+    - UP007
+    - test.py
+    - "-"
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/test.py"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.11
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_no_tool_preview_enabled.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - "--select"
+    - UP007
+    - test.py
+    - "-"
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/test.py"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.pyw",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = enabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = enabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = enabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.11
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_no_tool_target_version_override.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - "--select"
+    - UP007
+    - "--target-version"
+    - py310
+    - test.py
+    - "-"
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/test.py"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.10
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_pyproject_toml_above.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - "--select"
+    - UP007
+    - foo/test.py
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/foo/test.py"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.11
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_pyproject_toml_above_with_tool.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - "--select"
+    - UP007
+    - foo/test.py
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/foo/test.py"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/foo/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/foo"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/foo"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/foo",
+	"[TMP]/foo/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.10
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_ruff_toml_above-2.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - test.py
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/foo/test.py"
+Settings path: "[TMP]/ruff.toml"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = none
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.10
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_ruff_toml_above.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--show-settings"
+    - foo/test.py
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/foo/test.py"
+Settings path: "[TMP]/ruff.toml"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = none
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.10
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.10
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/cli/snapshots/cli__lint__requires_python_ruff_toml_no_target_fallback.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - check
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - test.py
+    - "--show-settings"
+snapshot_kind: text
+---
+success: true
+exit_code: 0
+----- stdout -----
+Resolved settings for: "[TMP]/test.py"
+Settings path: "[TMP]/ruff.toml"
+
+# General Settings
+cache_dir = "[TMP]/.ruff_cache"
+fix = false
+fix_only = false
+output_format = concise
+show_fixes = false
+unsafe_fixes = hint
+
+# File Resolver Settings
+file_resolver.exclude = [
+	".bzr",
+	".direnv",
+	".eggs",
+	".git",
+	".git-rewrite",
+	".hg",
+	".ipynb_checkpoints",
+	".mypy_cache",
+	".nox",
+	".pants.d",
+	".pyenv",
+	".pytest_cache",
+	".pytype",
+	".ruff_cache",
+	".svn",
+	".tox",
+	".venv",
+	".vscode",
+	"__pypackages__",
+	"_build",
+	"buck-out",
+	"dist",
+	"node_modules",
+	"site-packages",
+	"venv",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_exclude = []
+file_resolver.force_exclude = false
+file_resolver.include = [
+	"*.py",
+	"*.pyi",
+	"*.ipynb",
+	"**/pyproject.toml",
+]
+file_resolver.extend_include = []
+file_resolver.respect_gitignore = true
+file_resolver.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+
+# Linter Settings
+linter.exclude = []
+linter.project_root = "[TMP]/"
+linter.rules.enabled = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.rules.should_fix = [
+	non-pep604-annotation-union (UP007),
+]
+linter.per_file_ignores = {}
+linter.safety_table.forced_safe = []
+linter.safety_table.forced_unsafe = []
+linter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+linter.per_file_target_version = {}
+linter.preview = disabled
+linter.explicit_preview_rules = false
+linter.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+linter.allowed_confusables = []
+linter.builtins = []
+linter.dummy_variable_rgx = ^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$
+linter.external = []
+linter.ignore_init_module_imports = true
+linter.logger_objects = []
+linter.namespace_packages = []
+linter.src = [
+	"[TMP]/",
+	"[TMP]/src",
+]
+linter.tab_size = 4
+linter.line_length = 88
+linter.task_tags = [
+	TODO,
+	FIXME,
+	XXX,
+]
+linter.typing_modules = []
+linter.typing_extensions = true
+
+# Linter Plugins
+linter.flake8_annotations.mypy_init_return = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_dummy_args = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.suppress_none_returning = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.allow_star_arg_any = false
+linter.flake8_annotations.ignore_fully_untyped = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.hardcoded_tmp_directory = [
+	/tmp,
+	/var/tmp,
+	/dev/shm,
+]
+linter.flake8_bandit.check_typed_exception = false
+linter.flake8_bandit.extend_markup_names = []
+linter.flake8_bandit.allowed_markup_calls = []
+linter.flake8_bugbear.extend_immutable_calls = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.allowed_modules = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.ignorelist = []
+linter.flake8_builtins.strict_checking = false
+linter.flake8_comprehensions.allow_dict_calls_with_keyword_arguments = false
+linter.flake8_copyright.notice_rgx = (?i)Copyright\s+((?:\(C\)|©)\s+)?\d{4}((-|,\s)\d{4})*
+linter.flake8_copyright.author = none
+linter.flake8_copyright.min_file_size = 0
+linter.flake8_errmsg.max_string_length = 0
+linter.flake8_gettext.functions_names = [
+	_,
+	gettext,
+	ngettext,
+]
+linter.flake8_implicit_str_concat.allow_multiline = true
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.aliases = {
+	altair = alt,
+	holoviews = hv,
+	matplotlib = mpl,
+	matplotlib.pyplot = plt,
+	networkx = nx,
+	numpy = np,
+	numpy.typing = npt,
+	pandas = pd,
+	panel = pn,
+	plotly.express = px,
+	polars = pl,
+	pyarrow = pa,
+	seaborn = sns,
+	tensorflow = tf,
+	tkinter = tk,
+	xml.etree.ElementTree = ET,
+}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_aliases = {}
+linter.flake8_import_conventions.banned_from = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.fixture_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_names_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_type = list
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.parametrize_values_row_type = tuple
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_require_match_for = [
+	BaseException,
+	Exception,
+	ValueError,
+	OSError,
+	IOError,
+	EnvironmentError,
+	socket.error,
+]
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.raises_extend_require_match_for = []
+linter.flake8_pytest_style.mark_parentheses = false
+linter.flake8_quotes.inline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.multiline_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.docstring_quotes = double
+linter.flake8_quotes.avoid_escape = true
+linter.flake8_self.ignore_names = [
+	_make,
+	_asdict,
+	_replace,
+	_fields,
+	_field_defaults,
+	_name_,
+	_value_,
+]
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.ban_relative_imports = "parents"
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_api = {}
+linter.flake8_tidy_imports.banned_module_level_imports = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.strict = false
+linter.flake8_type_checking.exempt_modules = [
+	typing,
+	typing_extensions,
+]
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_base_classes = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.runtime_required_decorators = []
+linter.flake8_type_checking.quote_annotations = false
+linter.flake8_unused_arguments.ignore_variadic_names = false
+linter.isort.required_imports = []
+linter.isort.combine_as_imports = false
+linter.isort.force_single_line = false
+linter.isort.force_sort_within_sections = false
+linter.isort.detect_same_package = true
+linter.isort.case_sensitive = false
+linter.isort.force_wrap_aliases = false
+linter.isort.force_to_top = []
+linter.isort.known_modules = {}
+linter.isort.order_by_type = true
+linter.isort.relative_imports_order = furthest_to_closest
+linter.isort.single_line_exclusions = []
+linter.isort.split_on_trailing_comma = true
+linter.isort.classes = []
+linter.isort.constants = []
+linter.isort.variables = []
+linter.isort.no_lines_before = []
+linter.isort.lines_after_imports = -1
+linter.isort.lines_between_types = 0
+linter.isort.forced_separate = []
+linter.isort.section_order = [
+	known { type = future },
+	known { type = standard_library },
+	known { type = third_party },
+	known { type = first_party },
+	known { type = local_folder },
+]
+linter.isort.default_section = known { type = third_party }
+linter.isort.no_sections = false
+linter.isort.from_first = false
+linter.isort.length_sort = false
+linter.isort.length_sort_straight = false
+linter.mccabe.max_complexity = 10
+linter.pep8_naming.ignore_names = [
+	setUp,
+	tearDown,
+	setUpClass,
+	tearDownClass,
+	setUpModule,
+	tearDownModule,
+	asyncSetUp,
+	asyncTearDown,
+	setUpTestData,
+	failureException,
+	longMessage,
+	maxDiff,
+]
+linter.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators = []
+linter.pycodestyle.max_line_length = 88
+linter.pycodestyle.max_doc_length = none
+linter.pycodestyle.ignore_overlong_task_comments = false
+linter.pyflakes.extend_generics = []
+linter.pyflakes.allowed_unused_imports = []
+linter.pylint.allow_magic_value_types = [
+	str,
+	bytes,
+]
+linter.pylint.allow_dunder_method_names = []
+linter.pylint.max_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_positional_args = 5
+linter.pylint.max_returns = 6
+linter.pylint.max_bool_expr = 5
+linter.pylint.max_branches = 12
+linter.pylint.max_statements = 50
+linter.pylint.max_public_methods = 20
+linter.pylint.max_locals = 15
+linter.pylint.max_nested_blocks = 5
+linter.pyupgrade.keep_runtime_typing = false
+linter.ruff.parenthesize_tuple_in_subscript = false
+
+# Formatter Settings
+formatter.exclude = []
+formatter.unresolved_target_version = 3.11
+formatter.per_file_target_version = {}
+formatter.preview = disabled
+formatter.line_width = 88
+formatter.line_ending = auto
+formatter.indent_style = space
+formatter.indent_width = 4
+formatter.quote_style = double
+formatter.magic_trailing_comma = respect
+formatter.docstring_code_format = disabled
+formatter.docstring_code_line_width = dynamic
+
+# Analyze Settings
+analyze.exclude = []
+analyze.preview = disabled
+analyze.target_version = 3.11
+analyze.string_imports = disabled
+analyze.extension = ExtensionMapping({})
+analyze.include_dependencies = {}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/format.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ use tempfile::TempDir;
 
 const BIN_NAME: &str = "ruff";
 
-fn tempdir_filter(tempdir: &TempDir) -> String {
-    format!(r"{}\\?/?", escape(tempdir.path().to_str().unwrap()))
+fn tempdir_filter(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> String {
+    format!(r"{}\\?/?", escape(path.as_ref().to_str().unwrap()))
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -609,6 +609,112 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test_case::test_case("concise")]
+#[test_case::test_case("full")]
+#[test_case::test_case("json")]
+#[test_case::test_case("json-lines")]
+#[test_case::test_case("junit")]
+#[test_case::test_case("grouped")]
+#[test_case::test_case("github")]
+#[test_case::test_case("gitlab")]
+#[test_case::test_case("pylint")]
+#[test_case::test_case("rdjson")]
+#[test_case::test_case("azure")]
+#[test_case::test_case("sarif")]
+fn output_format(output_format: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    const CONTENT: &str = r#"
+from test import say_hy
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    say_hy("dear Ruff contributor")
+"#;
+
+    let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let input = tempdir.path().join("input.py");
+    fs::write(&input, CONTENT)?;
+
+    let snapshot = format!("output_format_{output_format}");
+
+    let project_dir = dunce::canonicalize(tempdir.path())?;
+
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => vec![
+            (tempdir_filter(&project_dir).as_str(), "[TMP]/"),
+            (tempdir_filter(&tempdir).as_str(), "[TMP]/"),
+            (r#""[^"]+\\?/?input.py"#, r#""[TMP]/input.py"#),
+            (ruff_linter::VERSION, "[VERSION]"),
+        ]
+    }, {
+        assert_cmd_snapshot!(
+            snapshot,
+            Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+                .args([
+                    "format",
+                    "--no-cache",
+                    "--output-format",
+                    output_format,
+                    "--preview",
+                    "--check",
+                    "input.py",
+                ])
+                .current_dir(&tempdir),
+        );
+    });
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn output_format_notebook() {
+    let args = ["format", "--no-cache", "--isolated", "--preview", "--check"];
+    let fixtures = Path::new("resources").join("test").join("fixtures");
+    let path = fixtures.join("unformatted.ipynb");
+    insta::with_settings!({filters => vec![
+        // Replace windows paths
+        (r"\\", "/"),
+    ]}, {
+        assert_cmd_snapshot!(
+            Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME)).args(args).arg(path),
+            @r"
+        success: false
+        exit_code: 1
+        ----- stdout -----
+        unformatted: File would be reformatted
+          --> resources/test/fixtures/unformatted.ipynb:cell 1:1:1
+         ::: cell 1
+        1 | import numpy
+          - maths = (numpy.arange(100)**2).sum()
+          - stats= numpy.asarray([1,2,3,4]).median()
+        2 + 
+        3 + maths = (numpy.arange(100) ** 2).sum()
+        4 + stats = numpy.asarray([1, 2, 3, 4]).median()
+         ::: cell 3
+        1 | # A cell with IPython escape command
+        2 | def some_function(foo, bar):
+        3 |     pass
+        4 + 
+        5 + 
+        6 | %matplotlib inline
+          ::: cell 4
+        1  | foo = %pwd
+           - def some_function(foo,bar,):
+        2  + 
+        3  + 
+        4  + def some_function(
+        5  +     foo,
+        6  +     bar,
+        7  + ):
+        8  |     # Another cell with IPython escape command
+        9  |     foo = %pwd
+        10 |     print(foo)
+
+        1 file would be reformatted
+
+        ----- stderr -----
+        ");
+    });
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn exit_non_zero_on_format() -> Result<()> {
     let tempdir = TempDir::new()?;
@@ -2355,3 +2461,21 @@ fn cookiecutter_globbing() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn stable_output_format_warning() {
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(
+        Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+            .args(["format", "--output-format=full", "-"])
+            .pass_stdin("1"),
+        @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    1
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The --output-format flag for the formatter is unstable and requires preview mode to use.
+    ",
+    );
+}

crates/ruff/tests/integration_test.rs

@@ -1688,6 +1688,27 @@ fn check_input_from_argfile() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+// Regression test for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/20655
+fn missing_argfile_reports_error() {
+    let mut cmd = RuffCheck::default().filename("@!.txt").build();
+    insta::with_settings!({filters => vec![
+        ("The system cannot find the file specified.", "No such file or directory")
+    ]}, {
+        assert_cmd_snapshot!(cmd, @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    ruff failed
+      Cause: Failed to read CLI arguments from files
+      Cause: failed to open file `!.txt`
+      Cause: No such file or directory (os error 2)
+    ");
+    });
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn check_hints_hidden_unsafe_fixes() {
     let mut cmd = RuffCheck::default()

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_azure.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - azure
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+##vso[task.logissue type=error;sourcepath=[TMP]/input.py;linenumber=1;columnnumber=1;code=unformatted;]File would be reformatted
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_concise.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - concise
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+input.py:1:1: unformatted: File would be reformatted
+1 file would be reformatted
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_full.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - full
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+unformatted: File would be reformatted
+ --> input.py:1:1
+  - 
+1 | from test import say_hy
+2 | 
+3 | if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+1 file would be reformatted
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_github.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - github
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+::error title=Ruff (unformatted),file=[TMP]/input.py,line=1,col=1,endLine=2,endColumn=1::input.py:1:1: unformatted: File would be reformatted
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_gitlab.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - gitlab
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+[
+  {
+    "check_name": "unformatted",
+    "description": "unformatted: File would be reformatted",
+    "severity": "major",
+    "fingerprint": "d868d7da11a65fcf",
+    "location": {
+      "path": "input.py",
+      "positions": {
+        "begin": {
+          "line": 1,
+          "column": 1
+        },
+        "end": {
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 1
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+]
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_grouped.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - grouped
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+input.py:
+  1:1 unformatted: File would be reformatted
+
+1 file would be reformatted
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_json-lines.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - json-lines
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+{"cell":null,"code":"unformatted","end_location":{"column":1,"row":2},"filename":"[TMP]/input.py","fix":{"applicability":"safe","edits":[{"content":"","end_location":{"column":1,"row":2},"location":{"column":1,"row":1}}],"message":null},"location":{"column":1,"row":1},"message":"File would be reformatted","noqa_row":null,"url":null}
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_json.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - json
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+[
+  {
+    "cell": null,
+    "code": "unformatted",
+    "end_location": {
+      "column": 1,
+      "row": 2
+    },
+    "filename": "[TMP]/input.py",
+    "fix": {
+      "applicability": "safe",
+      "edits": [
+        {
+          "content": "",
+          "end_location": {
+            "column": 1,
+            "row": 2
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "column": 1,
+            "row": 1
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "message": null
+    },
+    "location": {
+      "column": 1,
+      "row": 1
+    },
+    "message": "File would be reformatted",
+    "noqa_row": null,
+    "url": null
+  }
+]
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_junit.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - junit
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites name="ruff" tests="1" failures="1" errors="0">
+    <testsuite name="[TMP]/input.py" tests="1" disabled="0" errors="0" failures="1" package="org.ruff">
+        <testcase name="org.ruff.unformatted" classname="[TMP]/input" line="1" column="1">
+            <failure message="File would be reformatted">line 1, col 1, File would be reformatted</failure>
+        </testcase>
+    </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_pylint.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - pylint
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+input.py:1: [unformatted] File would be reformatted
+
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_rdjson.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - rdjson
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+{
+  "diagnostics": [
+    {
+      "code": {
+        "value": "unformatted"
+      },
+      "location": {
+        "path": "[TMP]/input.py",
+        "range": {
+          "end": {
+            "column": 1,
+            "line": 2
+          },
+          "start": {
+            "column": 1,
+            "line": 1
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "message": "File would be reformatted",
+      "suggestions": [
+        {
+          "range": {
+            "end": {
+              "column": 1,
+              "line": 2
+            },
+            "start": {
+              "column": 1,
+              "line": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "text": ""
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "severity": "WARNING",
+  "source": {
+    "name": "ruff",
+    "url": "https://docs.astral.sh/ruff"
+  }
+}
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/format__output_format_sarif.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/tests/format.rs
+info:
+  program: ruff
+  args:
+    - format
+    - "--no-cache"
+    - "--output-format"
+    - sarif
+    - "--preview"
+    - "--check"
+    - input.py
+---
+success: false
+exit_code: 1
+----- stdout -----
+{
+  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/sarif-2.1.0.json",
+  "runs": [
+    {
+      "results": [
+        {
+          "fixes": [
+            {
+              "artifactChanges": [
+                {
+                  "artifactLocation": {
+                    "uri": "[TMP]/input.py"
+                  },
+                  "replacements": [
+                    {
+                      "deletedRegion": {
+                        "endColumn": 1,
+                        "endLine": 2,
+                        "startColumn": 1,
+                        "startLine": 1
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": {
+                "text": null
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "level": "error",
+          "locations": [
+            {
+              "physicalLocation": {
+                "artifactLocation": {
+                  "uri": "[TMP]/input.py"
+                },
+                "region": {
+                  "endColumn": 1,
+                  "endLine": 2,
+                  "startColumn": 1,
+                  "startLine": 1
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "message": {
+            "text": "File would be reformatted"
+          },
+          "ruleId": "unformatted"
+        }
+      ],
+      "tool": {
+        "driver": {
+          "informationUri": "https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff",
+          "name": "ruff",
+          "rules": [],
+          "version": "[VERSION]"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "version": "2.1.0"
+}
+----- stderr -----

crates/ruff/tests/snapshots/integration_test__rule_f401.snap

@@ -44,6 +44,43 @@ import some_module
 __all__ = ["some_module"]
 ```
 
+## Preview
+When [preview] is enabled (and certain simplifying assumptions
+are met), we analyze all import statements for a given module
+when determining whether an import is used, rather than simply
+the last of these statements. This can result in both different and
+more import statements being marked as unused.
+
+For example, if a module consists of
+
+```python
+import a
+import a.b
+```
+
+then both statements are marked as unused under [preview], whereas
+only the second is marked as unused under stable behavior.
+
+As another example, if a module consists of
+
+```python
+import a.b
+import a
+
+a.b.foo()
+```
+
+then a diagnostic will only be emitted for the first line under [preview],
+whereas a diagnostic would only be emitted for the second line under
+stable behavior.
+
+Note that this behavior is somewhat subjective and is designed
+to conform to the developer's intuition rather than Python's actual
+execution. To wit, the statement `import a.b` automatically executes
+`import a`, so in some sense `import a` is _always_ redundant
+in the presence of `import a.b`.
+
+
 ## Fix safety
 
 Fixes to remove unused imports are safe, except in `__init__.py` files.
@@ -96,4 +133,6 @@ else:
 - [Python documentation: `importlib.util.find_spec`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.util.find_spec)
 - [Typing documentation: interface conventions](https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/distributing.html#library-interface-public-and-private-symbols)
 
+[preview]: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/preview/
+
 ----- stderr -----

crates/ruff_annotate_snippets/src/renderer/display_list.rs

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ pub(crate) struct DisplayList<'a> {
     pub(crate) stylesheet: &'a Stylesheet,
     pub(crate) anonymized_line_numbers: bool,
     pub(crate) cut_indicator: &'static str,
+    pub(crate) lineno_offset: usize,
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for DisplayList<'_> {
@@ -81,13 +82,14 @@ impl Display for DisplayList<'_> {
                 _ => max,
             })
         });
-        let lineno_width = if lineno_width == 0 {
-            lineno_width
-        } else if self.anonymized_line_numbers {
-            ANONYMIZED_LINE_NUM.len()
-        } else {
-            ((lineno_width as f64).log10().floor() as usize) + 1
-        };
+        let lineno_width = self.lineno_offset
+            + if lineno_width == 0 {
+                lineno_width
+            } else if self.anonymized_line_numbers {
+                ANONYMIZED_LINE_NUM.len()
+            } else {
+                ((lineno_width as f64).log10().floor() as usize) + 1
+            };
 
         let multiline_depth = self.body.iter().fold(0, |max, set| {
             set.display_lines.iter().fold(max, |max2, line| match line {
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ impl<'a> DisplayList<'a> {
         term_width: usize,
         cut_indicator: &'static str,
     ) -> DisplayList<'a> {
+        let lineno_offset = message.lineno_offset;
         let body = format_message(
             message,
             term_width,
@@ -137,6 +140,7 @@ impl<'a> DisplayList<'a> {
             stylesheet,
             anonymized_line_numbers,
             cut_indicator,
+            lineno_offset,
         }
     }
 
@@ -1088,6 +1092,7 @@ fn format_message<'m>(
         footer,
         snippets,
         is_fixable,
+        lineno_offset: _,
     } = message;
 
     let mut sets = vec![];

crates/ruff_annotate_snippets/src/snippet.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ pub struct Message<'a> {
     pub(crate) snippets: Vec<Snippet<'a>>,
     pub(crate) footer: Vec<Message<'a>>,
     pub(crate) is_fixable: bool,
+    pub(crate) lineno_offset: usize,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Message<'a> {
@@ -59,6 +60,16 @@ impl<'a> Message<'a> {
         self.is_fixable = yes;
         self
     }
+
+    /// Add an offset used for aligning the header sigil (`-->`) with the line number separators.
+    ///
+    /// For normal diagnostics this is computed automatically based on the lines to be rendered.
+    /// This is intended only for use in the formatter, where we don't render a snippet directly but
+    /// still want the header to align with the diff.
+    pub fn lineno_offset(mut self, offset: usize) -> Self {
+        self.lineno_offset = offset;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 /// Structure containing the slice of text to be annotated and
@@ -144,7 +155,7 @@ impl<'a> Annotation<'a> {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn is_file_level(mut self, yes: bool) -> Self {
+    pub fn hide_snippet(mut self, yes: bool) -> Self {
         self.is_file_level = yes;
         self
     }
@@ -173,6 +184,7 @@ impl Level {
             snippets: vec![],
             footer: vec![],
             is_fixable: false,
+            lineno_offset: 0,
         }
     }
 

crates/ruff_benchmark/benches/ty.rs

@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ fn benchmark_complex_constrained_attributes_2(criterion: &mut Criterion) {
     criterion.bench_function("ty_micro[complex_constrained_attributes_2]", |b| {
         b.iter_batched_ref(
             || {
-                // This is is similar to the case above, but now the attributes are actually defined.
+                // This is similar to the case above, but now the attributes are actually defined.
                 // https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/711
                 setup_micro_case(
                     r#"

crates/ruff_benchmark/benches/ty_walltime.rs

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ static COLOUR_SCIENCE: std::sync::LazyLock<Benchmark<'static>> = std::sync::Lazy
             max_dep_date: "2025-06-17",
             python_version: PythonVersion::PY310,
         },
-        477,
+        600,
     )
 });
 

crates/ruff_db/src/diagnostic/mod.rs

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
             parent: None,
             noqa_offset: None,
             secondary_code: None,
+            header_offset: 0,
         });
         Diagnostic { inner }
     }
@@ -432,14 +433,23 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
     /// Returns the URL for the rule documentation, if it exists.
     pub fn to_ruff_url(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        if self.is_invalid_syntax() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(format!(
-                "{}/rules/{}",
-                env!("CARGO_PKG_HOMEPAGE"),
-                self.name()
-            ))
+        match self.id() {
+            DiagnosticId::Panic
+            | DiagnosticId::Io
+            | DiagnosticId::InvalidSyntax
+            | DiagnosticId::RevealedType
+            | DiagnosticId::UnknownRule
+            | DiagnosticId::InvalidGlob
+            | DiagnosticId::EmptyInclude
+            | DiagnosticId::UnnecessaryOverridesSection
+            | DiagnosticId::UselessOverridesSection
+            | DiagnosticId::DeprecatedSetting
+            | DiagnosticId::Unformatted
+            | DiagnosticId::InvalidCliOption
+            | DiagnosticId::InternalError => None,
+            DiagnosticId::Lint(lint_name) => {
+                Some(format!("{}/rules/{lint_name}", env!("CARGO_PKG_HOMEPAGE")))
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -512,6 +522,11 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
         a.cmp(&b)
     }
+
+    /// Add an offset for aligning the header sigil with the line number separators in a diff.
+    pub fn set_header_offset(&mut self, offset: usize) {
+        Arc::make_mut(&mut self.inner).header_offset = offset;
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, get_size2::GetSize)]
@@ -525,6 +540,7 @@ struct DiagnosticInner {
     parent: Option<TextSize>,
     noqa_offset: Option<TextSize>,
     secondary_code: Option<SecondaryCode>,
+    header_offset: usize,
 }
 
 struct RenderingSortKey<'a> {
@@ -742,11 +758,11 @@ pub struct Annotation {
     is_primary: bool,
     /// The diagnostic tags associated with this annotation.
     tags: Vec<DiagnosticTag>,
-    /// Whether this annotation is a file-level or full-file annotation.
+    /// Whether the snippet for this annotation should be hidden.
     ///
     /// When set, rendering will only include the file's name and (optional) range. Everything else
     /// is omitted, including any file snippet or message.
-    is_file_level: bool,
+    hide_snippet: bool,
 }
 
 impl Annotation {
@@ -765,7 +781,7 @@ impl Annotation {
             message: None,
             is_primary: true,
             tags: Vec::new(),
-            is_file_level: false,
+            hide_snippet: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -782,7 +798,7 @@ impl Annotation {
             message: None,
             is_primary: false,
             tags: Vec::new(),
-            is_file_level: false,
+            hide_snippet: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -849,19 +865,20 @@ impl Annotation {
         self.tags.push(tag);
     }
 
-    /// Set whether or not this annotation is file-level.
+    /// Set whether or not the snippet on this annotation should be suppressed when rendering.
     ///
-    /// File-level annotations are only rendered with their file name and range, if available. This
-    /// is intended for backwards compatibility with Ruff diagnostics, which historically used
+    /// Such annotations are only rendered with their file name and range, if available. This is
+    /// intended for backwards compatibility with Ruff diagnostics, which historically used
     /// `TextRange::default` to indicate a file-level diagnostic. In the new diagnostic model, a
     /// [`Span`] with a range of `None` should be used instead, as mentioned in the `Span`
     /// documentation.
     ///
     /// TODO(brent) update this usage in Ruff and remove `is_file_level` entirely. See
     /// <https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/19688>, especially my first comment, for more
-    /// details.
-    pub fn set_file_level(&mut self, yes: bool) {
-        self.is_file_level = yes;
+    /// details. As of 2025-09-26 we also use this to suppress snippet rendering for formatter
+    /// diagnostics, which also need to have a range, so we probably can't eliminate this entirely.
+    pub fn hide_snippet(&mut self, yes: bool) {
+        self.hide_snippet = yes;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1016,6 +1033,17 @@ pub enum DiagnosticId {
 
     /// Use of a deprecated setting.
     DeprecatedSetting,
+
+    /// The code needs to be formatted.
+    Unformatted,
+
+    /// Use of an invalid command-line option.
+    InvalidCliOption,
+
+    /// An internal assumption was violated.
+    ///
+    /// This indicates a bug in the program rather than a user error.
+    InternalError,
 }
 
 impl DiagnosticId {
@@ -1055,6 +1083,9 @@ impl DiagnosticId {
             DiagnosticId::UnnecessaryOverridesSection => "unnecessary-overrides-section",
             DiagnosticId::UselessOverridesSection => "useless-overrides-section",
             DiagnosticId::DeprecatedSetting => "deprecated-setting",
+            DiagnosticId::Unformatted => "unformatted",
+            DiagnosticId::InvalidCliOption => "invalid-cli-option",
+            DiagnosticId::InternalError => "internal-error",
         }
     }
 
@@ -1353,7 +1384,7 @@ impl DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
     }
 
     /// Whether to show a fix's availability or not.
-    pub fn show_fix_status(self, yes: bool) -> DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
+    pub fn with_show_fix_status(self, yes: bool) -> DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
         DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
             show_fix_status: yes,
             ..self
@@ -1374,12 +1405,20 @@ impl DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
     /// availability for unsafe or display-only fixes.
     ///
     /// Note that this option is currently ignored when `hide_severity` is false.
-    pub fn fix_applicability(self, applicability: Applicability) -> DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
+    pub fn with_fix_applicability(self, applicability: Applicability) -> DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
         DisplayDiagnosticConfig {
             fix_applicability: applicability,
             ..self
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn show_fix_status(&self) -> bool {
+        self.show_fix_status
+    }
+
+    pub fn fix_applicability(&self) -> Applicability {
+        self.fix_applicability
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for DisplayDiagnosticConfig {

crates/ruff_db/src/diagnostic/render.rs

@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ struct ResolvedDiagnostic<'a> {
     message: String,
     annotations: Vec<ResolvedAnnotation<'a>>,
     is_fixable: bool,
+    header_offset: usize,
 }
 
 impl<'a> ResolvedDiagnostic<'a> {
@@ -258,7 +259,8 @@ impl<'a> ResolvedDiagnostic<'a> {
             id,
             message: diag.inner.message.as_str().to_string(),
             annotations,
-            is_fixable: diag.has_applicable_fix(config),
+            is_fixable: config.show_fix_status && diag.has_applicable_fix(config),
+            header_offset: diag.inner.header_offset,
         }
     }
 
@@ -288,6 +290,7 @@ impl<'a> ResolvedDiagnostic<'a> {
             message: diag.inner.message.as_str().to_string(),
             annotations,
             is_fixable: false,
+            header_offset: 0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@ impl<'a> ResolvedDiagnostic<'a> {
             message: &self.message,
             snippets_by_input,
             is_fixable: self.is_fixable,
+            header_offset: self.header_offset,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -404,7 +408,7 @@ struct ResolvedAnnotation<'a> {
     line_end: OneIndexed,
     message: Option<&'a str>,
     is_primary: bool,
-    is_file_level: bool,
+    hide_snippet: bool,
     notebook_index: Option<NotebookIndex>,
 }
 
@@ -452,7 +456,7 @@ impl<'a> ResolvedAnnotation<'a> {
             line_end,
             message: ann.get_message(),
             is_primary: ann.is_primary,
-            is_file_level: ann.is_file_level,
+            hide_snippet: ann.hide_snippet,
             notebook_index: resolver.notebook_index(&ann.span.file),
         })
     }
@@ -492,6 +496,11 @@ struct RenderableDiagnostic<'r> {
     ///
     /// This is rendered as a `[*]` indicator after the diagnostic ID.
     is_fixable: bool,
+    /// Offset to align the header sigil (`-->`) with the subsequent line number separators.
+    ///
+    /// This is only needed for formatter diagnostics where we don't render a snippet via
+    /// `annotate-snippets` and thus the alignment isn't computed automatically.
+    header_offset: usize,
 }
 
 impl RenderableDiagnostic<'_> {
@@ -504,7 +513,11 @@ impl RenderableDiagnostic<'_> {
                 .iter()
                 .map(|snippet| snippet.to_annotate(path))
         });
-        let mut message = self.level.title(self.message).is_fixable(self.is_fixable);
+        let mut message = self
+            .level
+            .title(self.message)
+            .is_fixable(self.is_fixable)
+            .lineno_offset(self.header_offset);
         if let Some(id) = self.id {
             message = message.id(id);
         }
@@ -709,8 +722,8 @@ struct RenderableAnnotation<'r> {
     message: Option<&'r str>,
     /// Whether this annotation is considered "primary" or not.
     is_primary: bool,
-    /// Whether this annotation applies to an entire file, rather than a snippet within it.
-    is_file_level: bool,
+    /// Whether the snippet for this annotation should be hidden instead of rendered.
+    hide_snippet: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'r> RenderableAnnotation<'r> {
@@ -732,7 +745,7 @@ impl<'r> RenderableAnnotation<'r> {
             range,
             message: ann.message,
             is_primary: ann.is_primary,
-            is_file_level: ann.is_file_level,
+            hide_snippet: ann.hide_snippet,
         }
     }
 
@@ -758,7 +771,7 @@ impl<'r> RenderableAnnotation<'r> {
         if let Some(message) = self.message {
             ann = ann.label(message);
         }
-        ann.is_file_level(self.is_file_level)
+        ann.hide_snippet(self.hide_snippet)
     }
 }
 
@@ -2618,7 +2631,7 @@ watermelon
         /// Show fix availability when rendering.
         pub(super) fn show_fix_status(&mut self, yes: bool) {
             let mut config = std::mem::take(&mut self.config);
-            config = config.show_fix_status(yes);
+            config = config.with_show_fix_status(yes);
             self.config = config;
         }
 
@@ -2632,7 +2645,7 @@ watermelon
         /// The lowest fix applicability to show when rendering.
         pub(super) fn fix_applicability(&mut self, applicability: Applicability) {
             let mut config = std::mem::take(&mut self.config);
-            config = config.fix_applicability(applicability);
+            config = config.with_fix_applicability(applicability);
             self.config = config;
         }
 

crates/ruff_db/src/diagnostic/render/full.rs

@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn hide_severity_output() {
         let (mut env, diagnostics) = create_diagnostics(DiagnosticFormat::Full);
         env.hide_severity(true);
+        env.show_fix_status(true);
         env.fix_applicability(Applicability::DisplayOnly);
 
         insta::assert_snapshot!(env.render_diagnostics(&diagnostics), @r#"
@@ -572,7 +573,7 @@ print()
         let mut diagnostic = env.err().build();
         let span = env.path("example.py").with_range(TextRange::default());
         let mut annotation = Annotation::primary(span);
-        annotation.set_file_level(true);
+        annotation.hide_snippet(true);
         diagnostic.annotate(annotation);
 
         insta::assert_snapshot!(env.render(&diagnostic), @r"
@@ -584,7 +585,8 @@ print()
     /// Check that ranges in notebooks are remapped relative to the cells.
     #[test]
     fn notebook_output() {
-        let (env, diagnostics) = create_notebook_diagnostics(DiagnosticFormat::Full);
+        let (mut env, diagnostics) = create_notebook_diagnostics(DiagnosticFormat::Full);
+        env.show_fix_status(true);
         insta::assert_snapshot!(env.render_diagnostics(&diagnostics), @r"
         error[unused-import][*]: `os` imported but unused
          --> notebook.ipynb:cell 1:2:8
@@ -698,6 +700,7 @@ print()
     fn notebook_output_with_diff() {
         let (mut env, diagnostics) = create_notebook_diagnostics(DiagnosticFormat::Full);
         env.show_fix_diff(true);
+        env.show_fix_status(true);
         env.fix_applicability(Applicability::DisplayOnly);
 
         insta::assert_snapshot!(env.render_diagnostics(&diagnostics), @r"
@@ -752,6 +755,7 @@ print()
     fn notebook_output_with_diff_spanning_cells() {
         let (mut env, mut diagnostics) = create_notebook_diagnostics(DiagnosticFormat::Full);
         env.show_fix_diff(true);
+        env.show_fix_status(true);
         env.fix_applicability(Applicability::DisplayOnly);
 
         // Move all of the edits from the later diagnostics to the first diagnostic to simulate a
@@ -928,6 +932,7 @@ line 10
         env.add("example.py", contents);
         env.format(DiagnosticFormat::Full);
         env.show_fix_diff(true);
+        env.show_fix_status(true);
         env.fix_applicability(Applicability::DisplayOnly);
 
         let mut diagnostic = env.err().primary("example.py", "3", "3", "label").build();

crates/ruff_db/src/files/file_root.rs

@@ -95,7 +95,10 @@ impl FileRoots {
         self.by_path.insert(route.clone(), root).unwrap();
 
         // Insert a path that matches all subdirectories and files
-        route.push_str("/{*filepath}");
+        if !route.ends_with("/") {
+            route.push('/');
+        }
+        route.push_str("{*filepath}");
 
         self.by_path.insert(route, root).unwrap();
         self.roots.push(root);

crates/ruff_db/src/panic.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,29 @@ impl Payload {
     }
 }
 
+impl PanicError {
+    pub fn to_diagnostic_message(&self, path: Option<impl std::fmt::Display>) -> String {
+        use std::fmt::Write;
+
+        let mut message = String::new();
+        message.push_str("Panicked");
+
+        if let Some(location) = &self.location {
+            let _ = write!(&mut message, " at {location}");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(path) = path {
+            let _ = write!(&mut message, " when checking `{path}`");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(payload) = self.payload.as_str() {
+            let _ = write!(&mut message, ": `{payload}`");
+        }
+
+        message
+    }
+}
+
 impl std::fmt::Display for PanicError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "panicked at")?;

crates/ruff_formatter/src/diagnostics.rs

@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for FormatError {
             ),
             FormatError::InvalidDocument(error) => std::write!(
                 fmt,
-                "Invalid document: {error}\n\n This is an internal Rome error. Please report if necessary."
+                "Invalid document: {error}\n\n This is an internal Ruff error. Please report if necessary."
             ),
             FormatError::PoorLayout => {
                 std::write!(
                     fmt,
-                    "Poor layout: The formatter wasn't able to pick a good layout for your document. This is an internal Rome error. Please report if necessary."
+                    "Poor layout: The formatter wasn't able to pick a good layout for your document. This is an internal Ruff error. Please report if necessary."
                 )
             }
         }

crates/ruff_linter/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ruff_linter"
-version = "0.13.2"
+version = "0.14.0"
 publish = false
 authors = { workspace = true }
 edition = { workspace = true }

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_annotations/shadowed_builtins.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from collections import UserString as str
+from typing import override
+
+def foo():
+    return "!"
+
+def _foo():
+    return "!"
+
+class C:
+    @override
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "!"
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def foo():
+        return "!"
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def bar(cls):
+        return "!"

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_bugbear/B006_9.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+def f1(x=([],)):
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f2(x=(x for x in "x")):
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f3(x=((x for x in "x"),)):
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f4(x=(z := [1, ])):
+    print(x)
+
+
+def f5(x=([1, ])):
+    print(x)
+
+
+def w1(x=(1,)):
+    print(x)
+
+
+def w2(x=(z := 3)):
+    print(x)

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_future_annotations/no_future_import_uses_preview_generics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import asyncio
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import dataclasses
+import functools
+import os
+import queue
+import re
+import shelve
+import types
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    ByteString,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Container,
+    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    ItemsView,
+    KeysView,
+    Mapping,
+    MappingView,
+    MutableMapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    MutableSet,
+    Reversible,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    ValuesView,
+)
+
+
+def takes_preview_generics(
+    future: asyncio.Future[int],
+    task: asyncio.Task[str],
+    deque_object: collections.deque[int],
+    defaultdict_object: collections.defaultdict[str, int],
+    ordered_dict: collections.OrderedDict[str, int],
+    counter_obj: collections.Counter[str],
+    chain_map: collections.ChainMap[str, int],
+    context_manager: contextlib.AbstractContextManager[str],
+    async_context_manager: contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager[int],
+    dataclass_field: dataclasses.Field[int],
+    cached_prop: functools.cached_property[int],
+    partial_method: functools.partialmethod[int],
+    path_like: os.PathLike[str],
+    lifo_queue: queue.LifoQueue[int],
+    regular_queue: queue.Queue[int],
+    priority_queue: queue.PriorityQueue[int],
+    simple_queue: queue.SimpleQueue[int],
+    regex_pattern: re.Pattern[str],
+    regex_match: re.Match[str],
+    bsd_db_shelf: shelve.BsdDbShelf[str, int],
+    db_filename_shelf: shelve.DbfilenameShelf[str, int],
+    shelf_obj: shelve.Shelf[str, int],
+    mapping_proxy: types.MappingProxyType[str, int],
+    weak_key_dict: weakref.WeakKeyDictionary[object, int],
+    weak_method: weakref.WeakMethod[int],
+    weak_set: weakref.WeakSet[int],
+    weak_value_dict: weakref.WeakValueDictionary[object, int],
+    awaitable: Awaitable[int],
+    coroutine: Coroutine[int, None, str],
+    async_iterable: AsyncIterable[int],
+    async_iterator: AsyncIterator[int],
+    async_generator: AsyncGenerator[int, None],
+    iterable: Iterable[int],
+    iterator: Iterator[int],
+    generator: Generator[int, None, None],
+    reversible: Reversible[int],
+    container: Container[int],
+    collection: Collection[int],
+    callable_obj: Callable[[int], str],
+    set_obj: Set[int],
+    mutable_set: MutableSet[int],
+    mapping: Mapping[str, int],
+    mutable_mapping: MutableMapping[str, int],
+    sequence: Sequence[int],
+    mutable_sequence: MutableSequence[int],
+    byte_string: ByteString[int],
+    mapping_view: MappingView[str, int],
+    keys_view: KeysView[str],
+    items_view: ItemsView[str, int],
+    values_view: ValuesView[int],
+) -> None:
+    ...

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flynt/FLY002.py

@@ -23,3 +23,9 @@ nok9 = '\n'.join([r"raw string", '<""">', "<'''>"])  # Not OK (both triple-quote
 # Regression test for: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/7197
 def create_file_public_url(url, filename):
     return''.join([url, filename])
+
+# Regression test for: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/19837
+nok10 = "".join((foo, '"'))
+nok11 = ''.join((foo, "'"))
+nok12 = ''.join([foo, "'", '"'])
+nok13 = "".join([foo, "'", '"'])

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/isort/required_imports/docstring_future_import.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"a docstring"
+from __future__ import annotations
+# EOF

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/isort/required_imports/future_import.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+# EOF

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F821_18.py

@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ class Bar:
     ]
 
 
-# OK: Allow named expressions in annotations.
+# This is no longer allowed on Python 3.14+
 x: (y := 1)
 print(y)

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyflakes/F821_26.py

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ CStr2: TypeAlias = Union["C", str]  # always okay
 
 # References to a class from inside the class:
 class C:
-    other: C = ...  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, not in a `.py` runtime file
+    other: C = ...  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, and in a `.py` runtime file with deferred annotations
     other2: "C" = ...  # always okay
-    def from_str(self, s: str) -> C: ...  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, not in a `.py` runtime file
+    def from_str(self, s: str) -> C: ...  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, and in a `.py` runtime file with deferred annotations
     def from_str2(self, s: str) -> "C": ...  # always okay
 
 # Circular references:
 class A:
-    foo: B  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, not in a `.py` runtime file
+    foo: B  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, and in a `.py` runtime file with deferred annotations
     foo2: "B"  # always okay
-    bar: dict[str, B]  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, not in a `.py` runtime file
+    bar: dict[str, B]  # valid in a `.pyi` stub file, and in a `.py` runtime file with deferred annotations
     bar2: dict[str, "A"]  # always okay
 
 class B:

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pyupgrade/UP029_1.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from builtins import str, int

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF010.py

@@ -56,3 +56,11 @@ f"{str(object=3)}"
 f"{str(x for x in [])}"
 
 f"{str((x for x in []))}"
+
+# Debug text cases - should not trigger RUF010
+f"{str(1)=}"
+f"{ascii(1)=}"
+f"{repr(1)=}"
+f"{str('hello')=}"
+f"{ascii('hello')=}"
+f"{repr('hello')=}"

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF051.py

@@ -128,3 +128,15 @@ if f"0" in d:                       # f-string
 
 if k in a.d:                        # Attribute dict
     del a.d[k]
+
+if k in d:                          # else statement
+    del d[k]
+else:
+    pass
+
+if k in d:                          # elif and else statements
+    del d[k]
+elif 0 in d:
+    del d[0]
+else:
+    pass

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF065.py

@@ -37,3 +37,9 @@ log(logging.INFO, "Hello %r", repr("World!"))
 def str(s): return f"str = {s}"
 # Don't flag this
 logging.info("Hello %s", str("World!"))
+
+logging.info("Debug info: %r", repr("test\nstring"))
+logging.warning("Value: %r", repr(42))
+logging.error("Error: %r", repr([1, 2, 3]))
+logging.info("Debug info: %s", repr("test\nstring"))
+logging.warning("Value: %s", repr(42))

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::preview::{
-    is_optional_as_none_in_union_enabled, is_unnecessary_default_type_args_stubs_enabled,
+    is_future_required_preview_generics_enabled, is_optional_as_none_in_union_enabled,
+    is_unnecessary_default_type_args_stubs_enabled,
 };
 use crate::registry::Rule;
 use crate::rules::{
@@ -69,7 +70,11 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &Checker) {
                     && checker.semantic.in_annotation()
                     && checker.semantic.in_runtime_evaluated_annotation()
                     && !checker.semantic.in_string_type_definition()
-                    && typing::is_pep585_generic(value, &checker.semantic)
+                    && typing::is_pep585_generic(
+                        value,
+                        &checker.semantic,
+                        is_future_required_preview_generics_enabled(checker.settings()),
+                    )
                 {
                     flake8_future_annotations::rules::future_required_type_annotation(
                         checker,

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs

@@ -2360,7 +2360,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Visit an body of [`Stmt`] nodes within a type-checking block.
+    /// Visit a body of [`Stmt`] nodes within a type-checking block.
     fn visit_type_checking_block(&mut self, body: &'a [Stmt]) {
         let snapshot = self.semantic.flags;
         self.semantic.flags |= SemanticModelFlags::TYPE_CHECKING_BLOCK;

crates/ruff_linter/src/importer/mod.rs

@@ -67,17 +67,25 @@ impl<'a> Importer<'a> {
     /// Add an import statement to import the given module.
     ///
     /// If there are no existing imports, the new import will be added at the top
-    /// of the file. Otherwise, it will be added after the most recent top-level
-    /// import statement.
+    /// of the file. If there are future imports, the new import will be added
+    /// after the last future import. Otherwise, it will be added after the most
+    /// recent top-level import statement.
     pub(crate) fn add_import(&self, import: &NameImport, at: TextSize) -> Edit {
         let required_import = import.to_string();
         if let Some(stmt) = self.preceding_import(at) {
             // Insert after the last top-level import.
             Insertion::end_of_statement(stmt, self.source, self.stylist).into_edit(&required_import)
         } else {
-            // Insert at the start of the file.
-            Insertion::start_of_file(self.python_ast, self.source, self.stylist)
-                .into_edit(&required_import)
+            // Check if there are any future imports that we need to respect
+            if let Some(last_future_import) = self.find_last_future_import() {
+                // Insert after the last future import
+                Insertion::end_of_statement(last_future_import, self.source, self.stylist)
+                    .into_edit(&required_import)
+            } else {
+                // Insert at the start of the file.
+                Insertion::start_of_file(self.python_ast, self.source, self.stylist)
+                    .into_edit(&required_import)
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -524,6 +532,18 @@ impl<'a> Importer<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Find the last `from __future__` import statement in the AST.
+    fn find_last_future_import(&self) -> Option<&'a Stmt> {
+        let mut body = self.python_ast.iter().peekable();
+        let _docstring = body.next_if(|stmt| ast::helpers::is_docstring_stmt(stmt));
+
+        body.take_while(|stmt| {
+            stmt.as_import_from_stmt()
+                .is_some_and(|import_from| import_from.module.as_deref() == Some("__future__"))
+        })
+        .last()
+    }
+
     /// Add a `from __future__ import annotations` import.
     pub(crate) fn add_future_import(&self) -> Edit {
         let import = &NameImport::ImportFrom(MemberNameImport::member(

crates/ruff_linter/src/linter.rs

@@ -27,14 +27,13 @@ use crate::fix::{FixResult, fix_file};
 use crate::message::create_syntax_error_diagnostic;
 use crate::noqa::add_noqa;
 use crate::package::PackageRoot;
-use crate::preview::is_py314_support_enabled;
 use crate::registry::Rule;
 #[cfg(any(feature = "test-rules", test))]
 use crate::rules::ruff::rules::test_rules::{self, TEST_RULES, TestRule};
 use crate::settings::types::UnsafeFixes;
 use crate::settings::{LinterSettings, TargetVersion, flags};
 use crate::source_kind::SourceKind;
-use crate::{Locator, directives, fs, warn_user_once};
+use crate::{Locator, directives, fs};
 
 pub(crate) mod float;
 
@@ -442,14 +441,6 @@ pub fn lint_only(
 ) -> LinterResult {
     let target_version = settings.resolve_target_version(path);
 
-    if matches!(target_version, TargetVersion(Some(PythonVersion::PY314)))
-        && !is_py314_support_enabled(settings)
-    {
-        warn_user_once!(
-            "Support for Python 3.14 is in preview and may undergo breaking changes. Enable `preview` to remove this warning."
-        );
-    }
-
     let parsed = source.into_parsed(source_kind, source_type, target_version.parser_version());
 
     // Map row and column locations to byte slices (lazily).
@@ -551,14 +542,6 @@ pub fn lint_fix<'a>(
 
     let target_version = settings.resolve_target_version(path);
 
-    if matches!(target_version, TargetVersion(Some(PythonVersion::PY314)))
-        && !is_py314_support_enabled(settings)
-    {
-        warn_user_once!(
-            "Support for Python 3.14 is in preview and may undergo breaking changes. Enable `preview` to remove this warning."
-        );
-    }
-
     // Continuously fix until the source code stabilizes.
     loop {
         // Parse once.